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  • How should I go about learning Python?

    - by user345690
    I am currently learning PHP and want to learn about OOP. *1.*I know Python is a well-organized and is all OOP, so would learning Python be a wise choose to learn OOP? The thing is I am more towards web development then just general programming, and I know Python is just a general purpose language, but there is Django. *2*So how should I go about learning Python if I am lending towards web development? Is there any good books/websites that help me learn Python for web development? 3. Is there any free webhosting companies that allow Python? I never used Python before, only PHP, and not sure how it works? Can I run Python on a localhost?

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  • Send raw data to USB parallel port after upgrading to 11.10

    - by zaphod
    I have a laser cutter connected via a generic USB to parallel adapter. The laser cutter speaks HPGL, as it happens, but since this is a laser cutter and not a plotter, I usually want to generate the HPGL myself, since I care about the ordering, speed, and direction of cuts and so on. In previous versions of Ubuntu, I was able to print to the cutter by copying an HPGL file directly to the corresponding USB "lp" device. For example: cp foo.plt /dev/usblp1 Well, I just upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10 oneiric, and I can't find any "lp" devices in /dev anymore. D'oh! What's the preferred way to send raw data to a parallel port in Ubuntu? I've tried System Settings Printing + Add, hoping that I might be able to associate my device with some kind of "raw printer" driver and print to it with a command like lp -d LaserCutter foo.plt But my USB to parallel adapter doesn't seem to show up in the list. What I do see are my HP Color LaserJet, two USB-to-serial adapters, "Enter URI", and "Network Printer". Meanwhile, over in /dev, I do see /dev/ttyUSB0 and /dev/ttyUSB1 devices for the 2 USB-to-serial adapters. I don't see anything obvious corresponding to the HP printer (which was /dev/usblp0 prior to the upgrade), except for generic USB stuff. For example, sudo find /dev | grep lp produces no output. I do seem to be able to print to the HP printer just fine, though. The printer setup GUI gives it a device URI starting with "hp:" which isn't much help for the parallel adapter. The CUPS administrator's guide makes it sound like I might need to feed it a device URI of the form parallel:/dev/SOMETHING, but of course if I had a /dev/SOMETHING I'd probably just go on writing to it directly. Here's what dmesg says after I disconnect and reconnect the device from the USB port: [ 924.722906] usb 1-1.1.4: USB disconnect, device number 7 [ 959.993002] usb 1-1.1.4: new full speed USB device number 8 using ehci_hcd And here's how it shows up in lsusb -v: Bus 001 Device 008: ID 1a86:7584 QinHeng Electronics CH340S Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x1a86 QinHeng Electronics idProduct 0x7584 CH340S bcdDevice 2.52 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 2 USB2.0-Print iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 96mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 7 Printer bInterfaceSubClass 1 Printer bInterfaceProtocol 2 Bidirectional iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)

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  • Send raw data to USB parallel port after upgrading to 11.10 oneiric

    - by zaphod
    I have a laser cutter connected via a generic USB to parallel adapter. The laser cutter speaks HPGL, as it happens, but since this is a laser cutter and not a plotter, I usually want to generate the HPGL myself, since I care about the ordering, speed, and direction of cuts and so on. In previous versions of Ubuntu, I was able to print to the cutter by copying an HPGL file directly to the corresponding USB "lp" device. For example: cp foo.plt /dev/usblp1 Well, I just upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10 oneiric, and I can't find any "lp" devices in /dev anymore. D'oh! What's the preferred way to send raw data to a parallel port in Ubuntu? I've tried System Settings Printing + Add, hoping that I might be able to associate my device with some kind of "raw printer" driver and print to it with a command like lp -d LaserCutter foo.plt But my USB to parallel adapter doesn't seem to show up in the list. What I do see are my HP Color LaserJet, two USB-to-serial adapters, "Enter URI", and "Network Printer". Meanwhile, over in /dev, I do see /dev/ttyUSB0 and /dev/ttyUSB1 devices for the 2 USB-to-serial adapters. I don't see anything obvious corresponding to the HP printer (which was /dev/usblp0 prior to the upgrade), except for generic USB stuff. For example, sudo find /dev | grep lp produces no output. I do seem to be able to print to the HP printer just fine, though. The printer setup GUI gives it a device URI starting with "hp:" which isn't much help for the parallel adapter. The CUPS administrator's guide makes it sound like I might need to feed it a device URI of the form parallel:/dev/SOMETHING, but of course if I had a /dev/SOMETHING I'd probably just go on writing to it directly. Here's what dmesg says after I disconnect and reconnect the device from the USB port: [ 924.722906] usb 1-1.1.4: USB disconnect, device number 7 [ 959.993002] usb 1-1.1.4: new full speed USB device number 8 using ehci_hcd And here's how it shows up in lsusb -v: Bus 001 Device 008: ID 1a86:7584 QinHeng Electronics CH340S Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x1a86 QinHeng Electronics idProduct 0x7584 CH340S bcdDevice 2.52 iManufacturer 0 iProduct 2 USB2.0-Print iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 96mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 7 Printer bInterfaceSubClass 1 Printer bInterfaceProtocol 2 Bidirectional iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes bInterval 0 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)

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  • Using TPL and PLINQ to raise performance of feed aggregator

    - by DigiMortal
    In this posting I will show you how to use Task Parallel Library (TPL) and PLINQ features to boost performance of simple RSS-feed aggregator. I will use here only very basic .NET classes that almost every developer starts from when learning parallel programming. Of course, we will also measure how every optimization affects performance of feed aggregator. Feed aggregator Our feed aggregator works as follows: Load list of blogs Download RSS-feed Parse feed XML Add new posts to database Our feed aggregator is run by task scheduler after every 15 minutes by example. We will start our journey with serial implementation of feed aggregator. Second step is to use task parallelism and parallelize feeds downloading and parsing. And our last step is to use data parallelism to parallelize database operations. We will use Stopwatch class to measure how much time it takes for aggregator to download and insert all posts from all registered blogs. After every run we empty posts table in database. Serial aggregation Before doing parallel stuff let’s take a look at serial implementation of feed aggregator. All tasks happen one after other. internal class FeedClient {     private readonly INewsService _newsService;     private const int FeedItemContentMaxLength = 255;       public FeedClient()     {          ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>          {              container.PullConfigurationFromAppConfig = true;          });           _newsService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<INewsService>();     }       public void Execute()     {         var blogs = _newsService.ListPublishedBlogs();           for (var index = 0; index <blogs.Count; index++)         {              ImportFeed(blogs[index]);         }     }       private void ImportFeed(BlogDto blog)     {         if(blog == null)             return;         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(blog.RssUrl))             return;           var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         SyndicationContentFormat feedFormat;           feedFormat = SyndicationDiscoveryUtility.SyndicationContentFormatGet(uri);           if (feedFormat == SyndicationContentFormat.Rss)             ImportRssFeed(blog);         if (feedFormat == SyndicationContentFormat.Atom)             ImportAtomFeed(blog);                 }       private void ImportRssFeed(BlogDto blog)     {         var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         var feed = RssFeed.Create(uri);           foreach (var item in feed.Channel.Items)         {             SaveRssFeedItem(item, blog.Id, blog.CreatedById);         }     }       private void ImportAtomFeed(BlogDto blog)     {         var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         var feed = AtomFeed.Create(uri);           foreach (var item in feed.Entries)         {             SaveAtomFeedEntry(item, blog.Id, blog.CreatedById);         }     } } Serial implementation of feed aggregator downloads and inserts all posts with 25.46 seconds. Task parallelism Task parallelism means that separate tasks are run in parallel. You can find out more about task parallelism from MSDN page Task Parallelism (Task Parallel Library) and Wikipedia page Task parallelism. Although finding parts of code that can run safely in parallel without synchronization issues is not easy task we are lucky this time. Feeds import and parsing is perfect candidate for parallel tasks. We can safely parallelize feeds import because importing tasks doesn’t share any resources and therefore they don’t also need any synchronization. After getting the list of blogs we iterate through the collection and start new TPL task for each blog feed aggregation. internal class FeedClient {     private readonly INewsService _newsService;     private const int FeedItemContentMaxLength = 255;       public FeedClient()     {          ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>          {              container.PullConfigurationFromAppConfig = true;          });           _newsService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<INewsService>();     }       public void Execute()     {         var blogs = _newsService.ListPublishedBlogs();                var tasks = new Task[blogs.Count];           for (var index = 0; index <blogs.Count; index++)         {             tasks[index] = new Task(ImportFeed, blogs[index]);             tasks[index].Start();         }           Task.WaitAll(tasks);     }       private void ImportFeed(object blogObject)     {         if(blogObject == null)             return;         var blog = (BlogDto)blogObject;         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(blog.RssUrl))             return;           var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         SyndicationContentFormat feedFormat;           feedFormat = SyndicationDiscoveryUtility.SyndicationContentFormatGet(uri);           if (feedFormat == SyndicationContentFormat.Rss)             ImportRssFeed(blog);         if (feedFormat == SyndicationContentFormat.Atom)             ImportAtomFeed(blog);                }       private void ImportRssFeed(BlogDto blog)     {          var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);          var feed = RssFeed.Create(uri);           foreach (var item in feed.Channel.Items)          {              SaveRssFeedItem(item, blog.Id, blog.CreatedById);          }     }     private void ImportAtomFeed(BlogDto blog)     {         var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         var feed = AtomFeed.Create(uri);           foreach (var item in feed.Entries)         {             SaveAtomFeedEntry(item, blog.Id, blog.CreatedById);         }     } } You should notice first signs of the power of TPL. We made only minor changes to our code to parallelize blog feeds aggregating. On my machine this modification gives some performance boost – time is now 17.57 seconds. Data parallelism There is one more way how to parallelize activities. Previous section introduced task or operation based parallelism, this section introduces data based parallelism. By MSDN page Data Parallelism (Task Parallel Library) data parallelism refers to scenario in which the same operation is performed concurrently on elements in a source collection or array. In our code we have independent collections we can process in parallel – imported feed entries. As checking for feed entry existence and inserting it if it is missing from database doesn’t affect other entries the imported feed entries collection is ideal candidate for parallelization. internal class FeedClient {     private readonly INewsService _newsService;     private const int FeedItemContentMaxLength = 255;       public FeedClient()     {          ObjectFactory.Initialize(container =>          {              container.PullConfigurationFromAppConfig = true;          });           _newsService = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<INewsService>();     }       public void Execute()     {         var blogs = _newsService.ListPublishedBlogs();                var tasks = new Task[blogs.Count];           for (var index = 0; index <blogs.Count; index++)         {             tasks[index] = new Task(ImportFeed, blogs[index]);             tasks[index].Start();         }           Task.WaitAll(tasks);     }       private void ImportFeed(object blogObject)     {         if(blogObject == null)             return;         var blog = (BlogDto)blogObject;         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(blog.RssUrl))             return;           var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         SyndicationContentFormat feedFormat;           feedFormat = SyndicationDiscoveryUtility.SyndicationContentFormatGet(uri);           if (feedFormat == SyndicationContentFormat.Rss)             ImportRssFeed(blog);         if (feedFormat == SyndicationContentFormat.Atom)             ImportAtomFeed(blog);                }       private void ImportRssFeed(BlogDto blog)     {         var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         var feed = RssFeed.Create(uri);           feed.Channel.Items.AsParallel().ForAll(a =>         {             SaveRssFeedItem(a, blog.Id, blog.CreatedById);         });      }        private void ImportAtomFeed(BlogDto blog)      {         var uri = new Uri(blog.RssUrl);         var feed = AtomFeed.Create(uri);           feed.Entries.AsParallel().ForAll(a =>         {              SaveAtomFeedEntry(a, blog.Id, blog.CreatedById);         });      } } We did small change again and as the result we parallelized checking and saving of feed items. This change was data centric as we applied same operation to all elements in collection. On my machine I got better performance again. Time is now 11.22 seconds. Results Let’s visualize our measurement results (numbers are given in seconds). As we can see then with task parallelism feed aggregation takes about 25% less time than in original case. When adding data parallelism to task parallelism our aggregation takes about 2.3 times less time than in original case. More about TPL and PLINQ Adding parallelism to your application can be very challenging task. You have to carefully find out parts of your code where you can safely go to parallel processing and even then you have to measure the effects of parallel processing to find out if parallel code performs better. If you are not careful then troubles you will face later are worse than ones you have seen before (imagine error that occurs by average only once per 10000 code runs). Parallel programming is something that is hard to ignore. Effective programs are able to use multiple cores of processors. Using TPL you can also set degree of parallelism so your application doesn’t use all computing cores and leaves one or more of them free for host system and other processes. And there are many more things in TPL that make it easier for you to start and go on with parallel programming. In next major version all .NET languages will have built-in support for parallel programming. There will be also new language constructs that support parallel programming. Currently you can download Visual Studio Async to get some idea about what is coming. Conclusion Parallel programming is very challenging but good tools offered by Visual Studio and .NET Framework make it way easier for us. In this posting we started with feed aggregator that imports feed items on serial mode. With two steps we parallelized feed importing and entries inserting gaining 2.3 times raise in performance. Although this number is specific to my test environment it shows clearly that parallel programming may raise the performance of your application significantly.

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  • Explaining Explain Plan Notes for Auto DOP

    - by jean-pierre.dijcks
    I've recently gotten some questions around "why do I not see a parallel plan" while Auto DOP is on (I think)...? It is probably worthwhile to quickly go over some of the ways to find out what Auto DOP was thinking. In general, there is no need to go tracing sessions and look under the hood. The thing to start with is to do an explain plan on your statement and to look at the parameter settings on the system. Parameter Settings to Look At First and foremost, make sure that parallel_degree_policy = AUTO. If you have that parameter set to LIMITED you will not have queuing and we will only do the auto magic if your objects are set to default parallel (so no degree specified). Next you want to look at the value of parallel_degree_limit. It is typically set to CPU, which in default settings equates to the Default DOP of the system. If you are testing Auto DOP itself and the impact it has on performance you may want to leave it at this CPU setting. If you are running concurrent statements you may want to give this some more thoughts. See here for more information. In general, do stick with either CPU or with a specific number. For now avoid the IO setting as I've seen some mixed results with that... In 11.2.0.2 you should also check that IO Calibrate has been run. Best to simply do a: SQL> select * from V$IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS; STATUS        CALIBRATION_TIME ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- READY         04-JAN-11 10.04.13.104 AM You should see that your IO Calibrate is READY and therefore Auto DOP is ready. In any case, if you did not run the IO Calibrate step you will get the following note in the explain plan: Note -----    - automatic DOP: skipped because of IO calibrate statistics are missing One more note on calibrate_io, if you do not have asynchronous IO enabled you will see:  ERROR at line 1: ORA-56708: Could not find any datafiles with asynchronous i/o capability ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_RMIN", line 463 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER", line 1296 ORA-06512: at line 7 While this is changed in some fixes to the calibrate procedure, you should really consider switching asynchronous IO on for your data warehouse. Explain Plan Explanation To see the notes that are shown and explained here (and the above little snippet ) you can use a simple explain plan mechanism. There should  be no need to add +parallel etc. explain plan for <statement> SELECT PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY()); Auto DOP The note structure displaying why Auto DOP did not work (with the exception noted above on IO Calibrate) is like this: Automatic degree of parallelism is disabled: <reason> These are the reason codes: Parameter -  parallel_degree_policy = manual which will not allow Auto DOP to kick in  Hint - One of the following hints are used NOPARALLEL, PARALLEL(1), PARALLEL(MANUAL) Outline - A SQL outline of an older version (before 11.2) is used SQL property restriction - The statement type does not allow for parallel processing Rule-based mode - Instead of the Cost Based Optimizer the system is using the RBO Recursive SQL statement - The statement type does not allow for parallel processing pq disabled/pdml disabled/pddl disabled - For some reason (alter session?) parallelism is disabled Limited mode but no parallel objects referenced - your parallel_degree_policy = LIMITED and no objects in the statement are decorated with the default PARALLEL degree. In most cases all objects have a specific degree in which case Auto DOP will honor that degree. Parallel Degree Limited When Auto DOP does it works you may see the cap you imposed with parallel_degree_limit showing up in the note section of the explain plan: Note -----    - automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 16 because of degree limit This is an obvious indication that your are being capped for this statement. There is one quite interesting one that happens when you are being capped at DOP = 1. First of you get a serial plan and the note changes slightly in that it does not indicate it is being capped (we hope to update the note at some point in time to be more specific). It right now looks like this: Note -----    - automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 1 Dynamic Sampling With 11.2.0.2 you will start seeing another interesting change in parallel plans, and since we are talking about the note section here, I figured we throw this in for good measure. If we deem the parallel (!) statement complex enough, we will enact dynamic sampling on your query. This happens as long as you did not change the default for dynamic sampling on the system. The note looks like this: Note ----- - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=5)

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  • Software to create a virtual parallel port in Windows XP?

    - by drknexus
    I am writing a program that will eventually be used on a computer with a physical parallel port and will need to set certain pins high or low in order to signal to an external device. However, the development laptop I am using does not have any physical parallel ports and is too low powered to run a virtual machine. Is there any option available that will create a virtual parallel port within Windows XP? Ideally it would include a debug mode that would allow me to see what values have been pushed out on the parallel port.

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  • Looking for a smarter way to convert a Python list to a GList?

    - by Kingdom of Fish
    I'm really new to C - Python interaction and am currently writing a small app in C which will read a file (using Python to parse it) and then using the parsed information to execute small Python snippets. At the moment I'm feeling very much like I'm reinventing wheels, for example this function: typedef gpointer (list_func)(PyObject *obj); GList *pylist_to_glist(list_func func, PyObject *pylist) { GList *result = NULL; if (func == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "No function definied for coverting PyObject.\n"); } else if (PyList_Check(pylist)) { PyObject *pIter = PyObject_GetIter(pylist); PyObject *pItem; while ((pItem = PyIter_Next(pIter))) { gpointer obj = func(pItem); if (obj != NULL) result = g_list_append(result, obj); else fprintf(stderr, "Could not convert PyObject to C object.\n"); Py_DECREF(pItem); } Py_DECREF(pIter); } return result; } I would really like to do this in a easier/smarter way less prone to memory leaks and errors. All comments and suggestions are appreciated.

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  • Parallel Computing Platform Developer Lab

    - by Daniel Moth
    This is an exciting announcement that I must share: "Microsoft Developer & Platform Evangelism, in collaboration with the Microsoft Parallel Computing Platform product team, is hosting a developer lab at the Platform Adoption Center on April 12-15, 2010.  This event is for Microsoft Partners and Customers seeking to incorporate either .NET Framework 4 or Visual C++ 2010 parallelism features into their new or existing applications, and to gain expertise with new Visual Studio 2010 tools including the Parallel Tasks and Parallel Stacks debugger toolwindows, and the Concurrency Visualizer in the profiler. Opportunities for attendees include: Gain expert design assistance with your Parallel Computing Platform based solution. Develop a solution prototype in collaboration with Microsoft Software Engineers. Attend topical presentations and “chalk-talk” sessions. Your team will be assigned private, secure offices for confidential collaboration activities. The event has limited capacity, thus enrollment is based on an application process.   Please download and complete the application form then return it to the event management team per instructions included within the form.  Applications will be evaluated based upon the technical solution scenario along with indicated project readiness timelines.  Microsoft event management team members may contact you directly for additional clarification and discussion of your project scenario during the nomination process." Comments about this post welcome at the original blog.

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  • Unity: parallel vectors and cross product, how to compare vectors

    - by Heisenbug
    I read this post explaining a method to understand if the angle between 2 given vectors and the normal to the plane described by them, is clockwise or anticlockwise: public static AngleDir GetAngleDirection(Vector3 beginDir, Vector3 endDir, Vector3 upDir) { Vector3 cross = Vector3.Cross(beginDir, endDir); float dot = Vector3.Dot(cross, upDir); if (dot > 0.0f) return AngleDir.CLOCK; else if (dot < 0.0f) return AngleDir.ANTICLOCK; return AngleDir.PARALLEL; } After having used it a little bit, I think it's wrong. If I supply the same vector as input (beginDir equal to endDir), the cross product is zero, but the dot product is a little bit more than zero. I think that to fix that I can simply check if the cross product is zero, means that the 2 vectors are parallel, but my code doesn't work. I tried the following solution: Vector3 cross = Vector3.Cross(beginDir, endDir); if (cross == Vector.zero) return AngleDir.PARALLEL; And it doesn't work because comparison between Vector.zero and cross is always different from zero (even if cross is actually [0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f]). I tried also this: Vector3 cross = Vector3.Cross(beginDir, endDir); if (cross.magnitude == 0.0f) return AngleDir.PARALLEL; it also fails because magnitude is slightly more than zero. So my question is: given 2 Vector3 in Unity, how to compare them? I need the elegant equivalent version of this: if (beginDir.x == endDir.x && beginDir.y == endDir.y && beginDir.z == endDir.z) return true;

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  • Parallel EntityFramework

    - by mehanik
    Is it possible to make some work in parallel with entity framework for following example? using (var dbContext = new DB()) { var res = (from c in dbContext.Customers orderby c.Name select new { c.Id, c.Name, c.Role } ).ToDictionary(c => c.Id, c => new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name",c.Name }, { "Role", c.Role } }); } For exampe what will be changed if I add AsParrallel? using (var dbContext = new DB()) { var res = (from c in dbContext.Customers orderby c.Name select new { c.Id, c.Name, c.Role } ).AsParallel().ToDictionary(c => c.Id, c => new Dictionary<string, object> { { "Name",c.Name }, { "Role", c.Role } }); }

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  • What parallel programming model do you recommend today to take advantage of the manycore processors

    - by Doctor J
    If you were writing a new application from scratch today, and wanted it to scale to all the cores you could throw at it tomorrow, what parallel programming model/system/language/library would you choose? Why? I am particularly interested in answers along these axes: Programmer productivity / ease of use (can mortals successfully use it?) Target application domain (what problems is it (not) good at?) Concurrency style (does it support tasks, pipelines, data parallelism, messages...?) Maintainability / future-proofing (will anybody still be using it in 20 years?) Performance (how does it scale on what kinds of hardware?) I am being deliberately vauge on the nature of the application in anticipation of getting good general answers useful for a variety of applications.

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  • Can Parallel.ForEach be used safely with CloudTableQuery

    - by knightpfhor
    I have a reasonable number of records in an Azure Table that I'm attempting to do some one time data encryption on. I thought that I could speed things up by using a Parallel.ForEach. Also because there are more than 1K records and I don't want to mess around with continuation tokens myself I'm using a CloudTableQuery to get my enumerator. My problem is that some of my records have been double encrypted and I realised that I'm not sure how thread safe the enumerator returned by CloudTableQuery.Execute() is. Has anyone else out there had any experience with this combination?

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  • How can I learn to effectively write Pythonic code?

    - by Matt Fenwick
    I'm tired of getting downvoted and/or semi-rude comments on my Python answers, saying things like "this isn't Pythonic" or "that's not the Python way of doing things". To clarify, I'm not tired of getting corrected and downvoted, and I'm not tired of being wrong: I'm tired of feeling like there's a whole field of Python that I know nothing about, and seems to be implicit knowledge of experienced Python programmers. Doing a google search for "Pythonic" reveals a wide range of interpretations. The wikipedia page says: A common neologism in the Python community is pythonic, which can have a wide range of meanings related to program style. To say that code is pythonic is to say that it uses Python idioms well, that it is natural or shows fluency in the language. Likewise, to say of an interface or language feature that it is pythonic is to say that it works well with Python idioms, that its use meshes well with the rest of the language. It also discusses the term "unpythonic": In contrast, a mark of unpythonic code is that it attempts to write C++ (or Lisp, Perl, or Java) code in Python—that is, provides a rough transcription rather than an idiomatic translation of forms from another language. The concept of pythonicity is tightly bound to Python's minimalist philosophy of readability and avoiding the "there's more than one way to do it" approach. Unreadable code or incomprehensible idioms are unpythonic. I suspect one way to learn the Pythonic way is just to program in Python a whole bunch. But I bet I could write a bunch of crap and not improve that much without some guidance, whereas a good resource might speed up the learning process significantly. PEP 8 might be exactly what I'm looking for, or maybe not. I'm not sure; on the one hand it covers a lot of ground, but on the other hand, I feel like it's more suited as a reference for knowledgeable programmers than a tutorial for fresh 'uns. How do I get my foot in the Pythonic/Python way of doing things door?

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  • (help help!!!) Easy_install the wrong version of python modules (Mac OS)

    - by user71415
    I installed Python 2.7 in my mac. When typing "python" in terminal, it shows: Ma-Xiaolongs-MacBook-Pro-2:~ MaXiaolong$ python Python 2.7 (r27:82508, Jul 3 2010, 20:17:05) [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. The Python version is correct here. But when I try to easy_install some modules. The system will install the modules with python version 2.6 which are not able be imported to Python 2.7. And of course I can not do the functions I need in my code. Here's an example of easy_install graphy: Ma-Xiaolongs-MacBook-Pro-2:~ MaXiaolong$ easy_install graphy Searching for graphy Reading pypi.python.org/simple/graphy/ Reading http://code.google.com/p/graphy/ Best match: Graphy 1.0.0 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/G/Graphy/Graphy- 1.0.0.tar.gz#md5=390b4f9194d81d0590abac90c8b717e0 Processing Graphy-1.0.0.tar.gz Running Graphy-1.0.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/fH/fHwdy4WtHZOBytkg1nOv9E+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-cFL53r/Graphy-1.0.0/egg-dist-tmp-YtDCZU warning: no files found matching '.tmpl' under directory 'graphy' warning: no files found matching '.txt' under directory 'graphy' warning: no files found matching '.h' under directory 'graphy' warning: no previously-included files matching '.pyc' found under directory '.' warning: no previously-included files matching '~' found under directory '.' warning: no previously-included files matching '.aux' found under directory '.' zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents... graphy.all_tests: module references file Adding Graphy 1.0.0 to easy-install.pth file Installed /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/Graphy-1.0.0-py2.6.egg Processing dependencies for graphy Finished processing dependencies for graphy So it installs graphy for python 2.6. Can someone help me with it? I just want to set my default easy_install version as 2.7... Thank you very much!!!!!!

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  • Mercurial fails while commiting/updating/etc. using Mercuriual+TrueCrypt+MAC

    - by lukewar
    While trying to work with Mercurial on project located on TrueCrypt partition I always get en error as follows: ** unknown exception encountered, details follow ** report bug details to http://mercurial.selenic.com/bts/ ** or [email protected] ** Mercurial Distributed SCM (version 1.5.2+20100502) ** Extensions loaded: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/hg", line 27, in mercurial.dispatch.run() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 16, in run sys.exit(dispatch(sys.argv[1:])) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 30, in dispatch return _runcatch(u, args) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 50, in _runcatch return _dispatch(ui, args) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 470, in _dispatch return runcommand(lui, repo, cmd, fullargs, ui, options, d) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 340, in runcommand ret = _runcommand(ui, options, cmd, d) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 521, in _runcommand return checkargs() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 475, in checkargs return cmdfunc() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 469, in d = lambda: util.checksignature(func)(ui, *args, **cmdoptions) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/util.py", line 401, in check return func(*args, **kwargs) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/commands.py", line 3332, in update return hg.update(repo, rev) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/hg.py", line 362, in update stats = _merge.update(repo, node, False, False, None) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/merge.py", line 495, in update _checkunknown(wc, p2) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/merge.py", line 77, in _checkunknown for f in wctx.unknown(): File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 660, in unknown return self._status[4] File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/util.py", line 156, in get result = self.func(obj) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 622, in _status return self._repo.status(unknown=True) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/localrepo.py", line 1023, in status if (f not in ctx1 or ctx2.flags(f) != ctx1.flags(f) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 694, in flags flag = findflag(self._parents[0]) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/context.py", line 690, in findflag return ff(path) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/mercurial/dirstate.py", line 145, in f if 'x' in fallback(x): TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable It is worth mention that Mercurial works perfectly if project is not located on TrueCrypt partition. Configuration: MacOS X 10.6.3 Mercurial Distributed SCM (version 1.5.2+20100502) Python 2.6.5 Have anyone of you generous people able to help me? :)

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  • Install MySQLdb on a Mac

    - by Youcha
    I have Python 32 bits, I installed MySQL Community server 32 bits and I'm trying to install MySQLdb for Python. I run easy_install mysql-python and I have this error > easy_install mysql-python Searching for mysql-python Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/mysql-python/ Reading http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/ Reading http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python Best match: MySQL-python 1.2.4b5 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MySQL-python/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5.zip#md5=4f645ed23ea0f8848be77f25ffe94ade Processing MySQL-python-1.2.4b5.zip Running MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/egg-dist-tmp-GjLaFB Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz Extracting in /var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/temp/tmpOVVY_R Now working in /var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/temp/tmpOVVY_R/distribute-0.6.28 Building a Distribute egg in /private/var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5 /private/var/folders/ke/ke8HKCuzGB4LMCJ1eIAGqk+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-W_yT0e/MySQL-python-1.2.4b5/distribute-0.6.28-py2.6.egg unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory error: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1 Any idea on why gcc-4.0 cannot be found? I have Xcode and gcc 4.2.1 installed.

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  • Parallel WCF calls to multiple servers

    - by gregmac
    I have a WCF service (the same one) running on multiple servers, and I'd like to call all instances in parallel from a single client. I'm using ChannelFactory and the interface (contract) to call the service. Each service has a local <endpoint> client defined in the .config file. What I'm trying to do is build some kind of generic framework to avoid code duplication. For example a synchronous call in a single thread looks something like this: Dim remoteName As String = "endpointName1" Dim svcProxy As ChannelFactory(Of IMyService) = New ChannelFactory(Of IMyService)(remoteName) Try svcProxy.Open() Dim svc As IMyService = svcProxy.CreateChannel() nodeResult = svc.TestRemote("foo") Finally svcProxy.Close() End Try The part I'm having difficulty with is how to specify and actually invoke the actual remote method (eg "TestRemote") without having to duplicate the above code, and all the thread-related stuff that invokes that, for each method. In the end, I'd like to be able to write code along the lines of (consider this psuedo code): Dim results as Dictionary(Of Node, ExpectedReturnType) results = ParallelInvoke(IMyService.SomeMethod, parameter1, parameter2) where ParallelInvoke() will take the method as an argument, as well as the parameters (paramArray or object() .. whatever) and then go run the request on each remote node, block until they all return an answer or timeout, and then return the results into a Dictionary with the key as the node, and the value as whatever value it returned. I can then (depending on the method) pick out the single value I need, or aggregate all the values from each server together, etc. I'm pretty sure I can do this using reflection and InvokeMember(), but that requires passing the method as a string (which can lead to errors like calling a non-existing method that can't be caught at compile time), so I'd like to see if there is a cleaner way to do this. Thanks

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  • How to make Processes Run Parallel in Erlang?

    - by Ankit S
    Hello, startTrains() -> TotalDist = 100, Trains = [trainA,trainB ], PID = spawn(fun() -> train(1,length(Trains)) end), [ PID ! {self(),TrainData,TotalDist} || TrainData <- Trains], receive {_From, Mesg} -> error_logger:info_msg("~n Mesg ~p ~n",[Mesg]) after 10500 -> refresh end. so, I created Two Processes named trainA, trainB. I want to increment these process by 5 till it gets 100. I made different processes to make each of the train (process) increments its position parallely. But I was surprised to get the output sequentially i.e process trainA ends then process trainB starts. But I want to increment themselves at simultaneously. I want to run processes like this trainA 10 trainB 0 trainA 15 trainB 5 .... trainA 100 trainB 100 but I m getting trainA 0 .... trainA 90 trainA 95 trainA 100 trainA ends trainB 0 trainB 5 trainB 10 ..... trainB 100 How to make the processes run parallel/simultaneously? Hope you get my Q's. Please help me.

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  • How do i write tasks? (parallel code)

    - by acidzombie24
    I am impressed with intel thread building blocks. I like how i should write task and not thread code and i like how it works under the hood with my limited understanding (task are in a pool, there wont be 100 threads on 4cores, a task is not guaranteed to run because it isnt on its own thread and may be far into the pool. But it may be run with another related task so you cant do bad things like typical thread unsafe code). I wanted to know more about writing task. I like the 'Task-based Multithreading - How to Program for 100 cores' video here http://www.gdcvault.com/sponsor.php?sponsor_id=1 (currently second last link. WARNING it isnt 'great'). My fav part was 'solving the maze is better done in parallel' which is around the 48min mark (you can click the link on the left side. That part is really all you need to watch if any). However i like to see more code examples and some API of how to write task. Does anyone have a good resource? I have no idea how a class or pieces of code may look after pushing it onto a pool or how weird code may look when you need to make a copy of everything and how much of everything is pushed onto a pool.

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  • Creating parallel selenium tests in C# and using Nunit as the runner application

    - by damianmartin
    I am writing a new test suite for the company to test a very complex ASP.NET application which is heavily AJAX driven. We have decided to use Selenium (Grid & Remote Control) and Nunit to run these tests. The actually tests are dynamically created at run time from a spreadsheet. Each Column in an excel spreadsheet relates to a new test and each row relates to a selenium command (but in plain English and the dll converts this into Selenium code). My problem i have at the moment is getting the tests running in parallel. There will be 1000+ tests so it is too time consuming to have 1 test run at a time. Selenium Grid and Selenium Remote Control(s) are setup correctly because I can run there demo. From what i have read I need to use Punit but i can not find any documentation on what a test in punit should look like. Nunit tests are [SetUp] [TearDown] [Test]. Can anyone point me in the right direction. Thanks in advance.

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  • How do i write task? (parallel code)

    - by acidzombie24
    I am impressed with intel thread building blocks. I like how i should write task and not thread code and i like how it works under the hood with my limited understanding (task are in a pool, there wont be 100 threads on 4cores, a task is not guaranteed to run because it isnt on its own thread and may be far into the pool. But it may be run with another related task so you cant do bad things like typical thread unsafe code). I wanted to know more about writing task. I like the 'Task-based Multithreading - How to Program for 100 cores' video here http://www.gdcvault.com/sponsor.php?sponsor_id=1 (currently second last link. WARNING it isnt 'great'). My fav part was 'solving the maze is better done in parallel' which is around the 48min mark (you can click the link on the left side). However i like to see more code examples and some API of how to write task. Does anyone have a good resource? I have no idea how a class or pieces of code may look after pushing it onto a pool or how weird code may look when you need to make a copy of everything and how much of everything is pushed onto a pool.

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  • Installing a clean Python 2.6 on SuSE (SLES) 11 using system-wide libraries

    - by optilude
    Hi, I've spent most of the day on this, and it is driving me absolutely insane. On all other Unixes I've used, this is a walk in the park, but SLES 11 has me dumbfounded. I need to build Zope on SLES 11 64 bit: Linux <name> 2.6.27.45-0.1-default #1 SMP 2010-02-22 16:49:47 +0100 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux I first tried to just use the YaST-installed Python 2.6. I've also installed python-devel, libjpeg-devel, readline-devel, libopenssl-devel, libz2-devel, zlib-devel, and libgcrypt-devel. The global python2.6 has a lot of cruft in it, and seems to execute stuff in /etc/pythonstart when I use it, which doesn't help. However, the error I get is this: Getting distribution for 'Zope2==2.12.3'. src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:596: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:598: warning: ‘intargfunc’ is deprecated src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:598: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:599: warning: ‘intargfunc’ is deprecated src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:599: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:600: warning: ‘intintargfunc’ is deprecated src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:600: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:601: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:602: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:606: warning: ‘intargfunc’ is deprecated src/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c:606: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type /usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.3/../../../../x86_64-suse-linux/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/libpython2.6.so when searching for -lpython2.6 /usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.3/../../../../x86_64-suse-linux/bin/ld: cannot find -lpython2.6 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 An error occured when trying to install Zope2 2.12.3. Look above this message for any errors that were output by easy_install. I don't know what "incompatible" is referring to here; my guess would be the hardware architecture, but I'm not sure what's incompatible with what in the statement above. I've had problems with system-installed Pythons before, so I tried to compile my own (hence the list of -devel packages above), downloading the Python 2.6 tarball and running: ./configure --disable-tk --prefix=${HOME}/python make make install This installs, but it seems to be unable to find any system-wide libraries. Here's a sample interpreter session: Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Mar 29 2010, 17:04:12) [GCC 4.3.2 [gcc-4_3-branch revision 141291]] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in <module> import readline ImportError: No module named readline >>> from hashlib import md5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/home/osc/python-2.6/lib/python2.6/hashlib.py", line 136, in <module> md5 = __get_builtin_constructor('md5') File "/home/osc/python-2.6/lib/python2.6/hashlib.py", line 63, in __get_builtin_constructor import _md5 ImportError: No module named _md5 Both readline and hashlib (via libgrypt) should be installed, and the relevant -devel packages are also installed. On Ubuntu or OS X, this works just fine. On SuSE, no luck. Any help greatly appreciated! Martin

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  • which package i should choose, if i want to install virtualenv for python?

    - by hugemeow
    pip search just returns so many matches, i am confused about which package i should choose to install .. should i only install virtualenv? or i'd better also install virtualenv-commands and virtualenv-commands, etc, but i really don't know exactly what virtualenv-commands is ... mirror0@lab:~$ pip search virtualenv virtualenvwrapper - Enhancements to virtualenv virtualenv - Virtual Python Environment builder veh - virtualenv for hg pyutilib.virtualenv - PyUtilib utility for building custom virtualenv bootstrap scripts. envbuilder - A package for automatic generation of virtualenvs virtstrap-core - A bootstrapping mechanism for virtualenv+pip and shell scripts tox - virtualenv-based automation of test activities virtualenvwrapper-win - Port of Doug Hellmann's virtualenvwrapper to Windows batch scripts everyapp.bootstrap - Enhanced virtualenv bootstrap script creation. orb - pip/virtualenv shell script wrapper monupco-virtualenv-python - monupco.com registration agent for stand-alone Python virtualenv applications virtualenvwrapper-powershell - Enhancements to virtualenv (for Windows). A clone of Doug Hellmann's virtualenvwrapper RVirtualEnv - relocatable python virtual environment virtualenv-clone - script to clone virtualenvs. virtualenvcontext - switch virtualenvs with a python context manager lessrb - Wrapper for ruby less so that it's in a virtualenv. carton - make self-extracting virtualenvs virtualenv5 - Virtual Python 3 Environment builder clever-alexis - Clever redhead girl that builds and packs Python project with Virtualenv into rpm, deb, etc. kforgeinstall - Virtualenv bootstrap script for KForge pypyenv - Install PyPy in virtualenv virtualenv-distribute - Virtual Python Environment builder virtualenvwrapper.project - virtualenvwrapper plugin to manage a project work directory virtualenv-commands - Additional commands for virtualenv. rjm.recipe.venv - zc.buildout recipe to turn the entire buildout tree into a virtualenv virtualenvwrapper.bitbucket - virtualenvwrapper plugin to manage a project work directory based on a BitBucket repository tg_bootstrap - Bootstrap a TurboGears app in a VirtualEnv django-env - Automaticly manages virtualenv for django project virtual-node - Install node.js into your virtualenv django-environment - A plugin for virtualenvwrapper that makes setting up and creating new Django environments easier. vip - vip is a simple library that makes your python aware of existing virtualenv underneath. virtualenvwrapper.django - virtualenvwrapper plugin to create a Django project work directory terrarium - Package and ship relocatable python virtualenvs venv_dependencies - Easy to install any dependencies in a virtualenviroment(without making symlinks by hand and etc...) virtualenv-sh - Convenient shell interface to virtualenv virtualenvwrapper.github - Plugin for virtualenvwrapper to automatically create projects based on github repositories. virtualenvwrapper.configvar - Plugin for virtualenvwrapper to automatically export config vars found in your project level .env file. virtualenvwrapper-emacs-desktop - virtualenvwrapper plugin to control emacs desktop mode bootstrapper - Bootstrap Python projects with virtualenv and pip. virtualenv3 - Obsolete fork of virtualenv isotoma.depends.zope2_13_8 - Running zope in a virtualenv virtual-less - Install lessc into your virtualenv virtualenvwrapper.tmpenv - Temporary virtualenvs are automatically deleted when deactivated isotoma.plone.heroku - Tooling for running Plone on heroku in a virtualenv gae-virtualenv - Using virtualenv with zipimport on Google App Engine pinvenv - VirtualEnv plugins for pin isotoma.depends.plone4_1 - Running plone in a virtualenv virtualenv-tools - A set of tools for virtualenv virtualenvwrapper.npm - Plugin for virtualenvwrapper to automatically encapsulate inside the virtual environment any npm installed globaly when the venv is activated d51.django.virtualenv.test_runner - Simple package for running isolated Django tests from within virtualenv difio-virtualenv-python - Difio registration agent for stand-alone Python virtualenv applications VirtualEnvManager - A package to manage various virtual environments. virtualenvwrapper.gem - Plugin for virtualenvwrapper to automatically encapsulate inside the virtual environment any gems installed when the venv is activated

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