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• glsl shader to allow color change of skydome ogre3d

  - by Tim

  I'm still very new to all this but learning a lot. I'm putting together an application using Ogre3d as the rendering engine. So far I've got it running, with a simple scene, a day/night cycle system which is working okay. I'm now moving on to looking at changing the color of the skydome material based on the time of day. What I've done so far is to create a struct to hold the ColourValues for the different aspects of the scene. struct todColors { Ogre::ColourValue sky; Ogre::ColourValue ambient; Ogre::ColourValue sun; }; I created an array to store all the colours todColors sceneColours [4]; I populated the array with the colours I want to use for the various times of the day. For instance DayTime (when the sun is high in the sky) sceneColours[2].sky = Ogre::ColourValue(135/255, 206/255, 235/255, 255); sceneColours[2].ambient = Ogre::ColourValue(135/255, 206/255, 235/255, 255); sceneColours[2].sun = Ogre::ColourValue(135/255, 206/255, 235/255, 255); I've got code to work out the time of the day using a float currentHours to store the current hour of the day 10.5 = 10:30 am. This updates constantly and updates the sun as required. I am then calculating the appropriate colours for the time of day when relevant using else if( currentHour >= 4 && currentHour < 7) { // Lerp from night to morning Ogre::ColourValue lerp = Ogre::Math::lerp<Ogre::ColourValue, float>(sceneColours[GT_TOD_NIGHT].sky , sceneColours[GT_TOD_MORNING].sky, (currentHour - 4) / (7 - 4)); } My original attempt to get this to work was to dynamically generate a material with the new colour and apply that material to the skydome. This, as you can probably guess... didn't go well. I know it's possible to use shaders where you can pass information such as colour to the shader from the code but I am unsure if there is an existing simple shader to change a colour like this or if I need to create one. What is involved in creating a shader and material definition that would allow me to change the colour of a material without the overheads of dynamically generating materials all the time? EDIT : I've created a glsl vertex and fragment shaders as follows. Vertex uniform vec4 newColor; void main() { gl_FrontColor = newColor; gl_Position = ftransform(); } Fragment void main() { gl_FragColor = gl_Color; } I can pass a colour to it using ShaderDesigner and it seems to work. I now need to investigate how to use it within Ogre as a material. EDIT : I created a material file like this : vertex_program colour_vs_test glsl { source test.vert default_params { param_named newColor float4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 } } fragment_program colour_fs_glsl glsl { source test.frag } material Test/SkyColor { technique { pass { lighting off fragment_program_ref colour_fs_glsl { } vertex_program_ref colour_vs_test { } } } } In the code I have tried : Ogre::MaterialPtr material = Ogre::MaterialManager::getSingleton().getByName("Test/SkyColor"); Ogre::GpuProgramParametersSharedPtr params = material->getTechnique(0)->getPass(0)->getVertexProgramParameters(); params->setNamedConstant("newcolor", Ogre::Vector4(0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 1)); I've set that as the Skydome material which seems to work initially. I am doing the same with the code that is attempting to lerp between colours, but when I include it there, it all goes black. Seems like there is now a problem with my colour lerping.

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• Get the onended event for an AudioBuffer in HTML5/Chrome

  - by Matthew James Davis

  So I am playing audio file in Chrome and I want to detect when playing has ended so I can delete references to it. Here is my code var source = context.createBufferSource(); source.buffer = sound.buffer; source.loop = sound.loop; source.onended = function() { delete playingSounds[soundName]; } source.connect(mainNode); source.start(0, sound.start, sound.length); however, the event handler doesn't fire. Is this not yet supported as described by the W3 specification? Or am I doing something wrong?

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• Optimizing collision engine bottleneck

  - by Vittorio Romeo

  Foreword: I'm aware that optimizing this bottleneck is not a necessity - the engine is already very fast. I, however, for fun and educational purposes, would love to find a way to make the engine even faster. I'm creating a general-purpose C++ 2D collision detection/response engine, with an emphasis on flexibility and speed. Here's a very basic diagram of its architecture: Basically, the main class is World, which owns (manages memory) of a ResolverBase*, a SpatialBase* and a vector<Body*>. SpatialBase is a pure virtual class which deals with broad-phase collision detection. ResolverBase is a pure virtual class which deals with collision resolution. The bodies communicate to the World::SpatialBase* with SpatialInfo objects, owned by the bodies themselves. There currenly is one spatial class: Grid : SpatialBase, which is a basic fixed 2D grid. It has it's own info class, GridInfo : SpatialInfo. Here's how its architecture looks: The Grid class owns a 2D array of Cell*. The Cell class contains two collection of (not owned) Body*: a vector<Body*> which contains all the bodies that are in the cell, and a map<int, vector<Body*>> which contains all the bodies that are in the cell, divided in groups. Bodies, in fact, have a groupId int that is used for collision groups. GridInfo objects also contain non-owning pointers to the cells the body is in. As I previously said, the engine is based on groups. Body::getGroups() returns a vector<int> of all the groups the body is part of. Body::getGroupsToCheck() returns a vector<int> of all the groups the body has to check collision against. Bodies can occupy more than a single cell. GridInfo always stores non-owning pointers to the occupied cells. After the bodies move, collision detection happens. We assume that all bodies are axis-aligned bounding boxes. How broad-phase collision detection works: Part 1: spatial info update For each Body body: Top-leftmost occupied cell and bottom-rightmost occupied cells are calculated. If they differ from the previous cells, body.gridInfo.cells is cleared, and filled with all the cells the body occupies (2D for loop from the top-leftmost cell to the bottom-rightmost cell). body is now guaranteed to know what cells it occupies. For a performance boost, it stores a pointer to every map<int, vector<Body*>> of every cell it occupies where the int is a group of body->getGroupsToCheck(). These pointers get stored in gridInfo->queries, which is simply a vector<map<int, vector<Body*>>*>. body is now guaranteed to have a pointer to every vector<Body*> of bodies of groups it needs to check collision against. These pointers are stored in gridInfo->queries. Part 2: actual collision checks For each Body body: body clears and fills a vector<Body*> bodiesToCheck, which contains all the bodies it needs to check against. Duplicates are avoided (bodies can belong to more than one group) by checking if bodiesToCheck already contains the body we're trying to add. const vector<Body*>& GridInfo::getBodiesToCheck() { bodiesToCheck.clear(); for(const auto& q : queries) for(const auto& b : *q) if(!contains(bodiesToCheck, b)) bodiesToCheck.push_back(b); return bodiesToCheck; } The GridInfo::getBodiesToCheck() method IS THE BOTTLENECK. The bodiesToCheck vector must be filled for every body update because bodies could have moved meanwhile. It also needs to prevent duplicate collision checks. The contains function simply checks if the vector already contains a body with std::find. Collision is checked and resolved for every body in bodiesToCheck. That's it. So, I've been trying to optimize this broad-phase collision detection for quite a while now. Every time I try something else than the current architecture/setup, something doesn't go as planned or I make assumption about the simulation that later are proven to be false. My question is: how can I optimize the broad-phase of my collision engine maintaining the grouped bodies approach? Is there some kind of magic C++ optimization that can be applied here? Can the architecture be redesigned in order to allow for more performance? Actual implementation: SSVSCollsion Body.h, Body.cpp World.h, World.cpp Grid.h, Grid.cpp Cell.h, Cell.cpp GridInfo.h, GridInfo.cpp

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• Comparing a saved movement with other movement with Kinect

  - by Ewerton

  I need to develop an application where a user (physiotherapist) will perform a movement in front of the Kinect, I'll write the data movement in the database and then the patient will try to imitate this motion. The system will calculate the similarity between the movement recorded and executed. My first idea is, during recording (each 5 second, by example), to store the position (x, y, z) of the points and then compare them in the execution time(by patient). I know that this approach is too simple, because I imagine that in people of different sizes the skeleton is recognized differently, so the comparison is not reliable. My question is about the best way to compare a saved motion with a movement executed (on the fly). PS: Sorry by my English.

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• Compiling SDL under Windows with sdl-config

  - by DarrenVortex

  I have downloaded NXEngine (The Open Source version of Cave Story). I have a make file in the directory, which I execute using msys. However, the make file uses sdl-config: g++ -g -O2 -c main.cpp -D DEBUG `sdl-config --cflags` -Wreturn-type -Wformat -Wno-multichar -o main.o /bin/sh: sdl-config: command not found And apparently sdl-config does not exist under windows since there's no sdl installation. There's also no documentation on the official sourceforge website about this! What do I do?

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• Finding the normal of OBB face with an OBB penetrating

  - by Milo

  Below is an illustration: I have an OBB in an OBB (see below for OBB2D code if needed). What I need to determine is, what face it is in, and what direction do I point the normal? The goal is to get the OBB out of the OBB so the normal needs to face outward of the OBB. How could I go about: Finding what face the line is penetrating given the 4 corners of the OBB and the class below: if we define dx=x2-x1 and dy=y2-y1, then the normals are (-dy, dx) and (dy, -dx). Which normal points outward of the OBB? Thanks public class OBB2D { // Corners of the box, where 0 is the lower left. private Vector2D corner[] = new Vector2D[4]; private Vector2D center = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D extents = new Vector2D(); private RectF boundingRect = new RectF(); private float angle; //Two edges of the box extended away from corner[0]. private Vector2D axis[] = new Vector2D[2]; private double origin[] = new double[2]; public OBB2D(Vector2D center, float w, float h, float angle) { set(center,w,h,angle); } public OBB2D(float left, float top, float width, float height) { set(new Vector2D(left + (width / 2), top + (height / 2)),width,height,0.0f); } public void set(Vector2D center,float w, float h,float angle) { Vector2D X = new Vector2D( (float)Math.cos(angle), (float)Math.sin(angle)); Vector2D Y = new Vector2D((float)-Math.sin(angle), (float)Math.cos(angle)); X = X.multiply( w / 2); Y = Y.multiply( h / 2); corner[0] = center.subtract(X).subtract(Y); corner[1] = center.add(X).subtract(Y); corner[2] = center.add(X).add(Y); corner[3] = center.subtract(X).add(Y); computeAxes(); extents.x = w / 2; extents.y = h / 2; computeDimensions(center,angle); } private void computeDimensions(Vector2D center,float angle) { this.center.x = center.x; this.center.y = center.y; this.angle = angle; boundingRect.left = Math.min(Math.min(corner[0].x, corner[3].x), Math.min(corner[1].x, corner[2].x)); boundingRect.top = Math.min(Math.min(corner[0].y, corner[1].y),Math.min(corner[2].y, corner[3].y)); boundingRect.right = Math.max(Math.max(corner[1].x, corner[2].x), Math.max(corner[0].x, corner[3].x)); boundingRect.bottom = Math.max(Math.max(corner[2].y, corner[3].y),Math.max(corner[0].y, corner[1].y)); } public void set(RectF rect) { set(new Vector2D(rect.centerX(),rect.centerY()),rect.width(),rect.height(),0.0f); } // Returns true if other overlaps one dimension of this. private boolean overlaps1Way(OBB2D other) { for (int a = 0; a < axis.length; ++a) { double t = other.corner[0].dot(axis[a]); // Find the extent of box 2 on axis a double tMin = t; double tMax = t; for (int c = 1; c < corner.length; ++c) { t = other.corner[c].dot(axis[a]); if (t < tMin) { tMin = t; } else if (t > tMax) { tMax = t; } } // We have to subtract off the origin // See if [tMin, tMax] intersects [0, 1] if ((tMin > 1 + origin[a]) || (tMax < origin[a])) { // There was no intersection along this dimension; // the boxes cannot possibly overlap. return false; } } // There was no dimension along which there is no intersection. // Therefore the boxes overlap. return true; } //Updates the axes after the corners move. Assumes the //corners actually form a rectangle. private void computeAxes() { axis[0] = corner[1].subtract(corner[0]); axis[1] = corner[3].subtract(corner[0]); // Make the length of each axis 1/edge length so we know any // dot product must be less than 1 to fall within the edge. for (int a = 0; a < axis.length; ++a) { axis[a] = axis[a].divide((axis[a].length() * axis[a].length())); origin[a] = corner[0].dot(axis[a]); } } public void moveTo(Vector2D center) { Vector2D centroid = (corner[0].add(corner[1]).add(corner[2]).add(corner[3])).divide(4.0f); Vector2D translation = center.subtract(centroid); for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) { corner[c] = corner[c].add(translation); } computeAxes(); computeDimensions(center,angle); } // Returns true if the intersection of the boxes is non-empty. public boolean overlaps(OBB2D other) { if(right() < other.left()) { return false; } if(bottom() < other.top()) { return false; } if(left() > other.right()) { return false; } if(top() > other.bottom()) { return false; } if(other.getAngle() == 0.0f && getAngle() == 0.0f) { return true; } return overlaps1Way(other) && other.overlaps1Way(this); } public Vector2D getCenter() { return center; } public float getWidth() { return extents.x * 2; } public float getHeight() { return extents.y * 2; } public void setAngle(float angle) { set(center,getWidth(),getHeight(),angle); } public float getAngle() { return angle; } public void setSize(float w,float h) { set(center,w,h,angle); } public float left() { return boundingRect.left; } public float right() { return boundingRect.right; } public float bottom() { return boundingRect.bottom; } public float top() { return boundingRect.top; } public RectF getBoundingRect() { return boundingRect; } public boolean overlaps(float left, float top, float right, float bottom) { if(right() < left) { return false; } if(bottom() < top) { return false; } if(left() > right) { return false; } if(top() > bottom) { return false; } return true; } };

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• Are there any font rendering libraries for games development that support hinting?

  - by Richard Fabian

  I've used angel code's bitmap font generator quite a bit and though it's very good, I wondered if there would be a way of using the hinting information to provide a better readable result by using hinting to provide differing thickness based on size/pixel coverage. I imagine any solution would have to use the distance field tech presented in the valve paper on smoothing fonts while maintaining or reducing asset size. (http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=494612) but I haven't found any demos of it being used with hinting information turned on or included in the field gradients in any way. Another way of looking at this is whether there are any font bitmap generators that will output mipmaps that still maintain their readability in the face of pixel size. I think the lower mip levels would try to guarantee fill and space where it is necessary to maintain readability/topology over maintaining style/form (the point of hinting). In response to "Is there a reason you can't just render the size you want", the problem lies in the fact that font rasterisers currently don't render in 3D, and hinting information would be important in different amounts due to the pixel density being different along different axes, even differing in importance along the length of a string due to the size reducing over distance. For example, I only want horizontal hinting in a texture that is viewed from the side, and only really want vertical hinting in a font that is viewed from below or above. This isn't meant to be a renderer that tries to render a perfect outline as accurately as possible, as hinting distorts the reality of the font, instead this is meant to be a rendering solution for quite static scenes, but scenes that have 3D transformed and warped text layout. In this case the legibility is important, more important than the accuracy of representation of the polygon shape.

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• AS3: limit objects to stage width?

  - by Gabriel Meono

  I want to limit the creation of objects acording to the stage width. My method is the following: for (var i:int = 0; i<7; i++){ If I put something like this, it won't work for (var i:int = 0; i<(stage.width); i++){ What I'm doing wrong? Full code: [SWF(width = 350, height = 600, frameRate = 60)] import com.actionsnippet.qbox.*; var sim:QuickBox2D = new QuickBox2D(this); sim.createStageWalls(); // make a heavy circle sim.addCircle({x:3, y:3, radius:0.4, density:1}); // create a few platforms // make 26 dominoes for (var i:int = 0; i<7; i++){ //End sim.addCircle({x:1 + i * 1.5, y:18, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:2 + i * 1.5, y:17, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:1 + i * 1.5, y:16, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:2 + i * 1.5, y:15, radius:0.1, density:0}); //Mid end sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:14, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:13, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:12, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:11, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:10, radius:0.1, density:0}); } sim.start(); sim.mouseDrag();

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• Bitwise operators in DX9 ps_2_0 shader

  - by lapin

  I've got the following code in a shader: // v & y are both floats nPixel = v; nPixel << 8; nPixel |= y; and this gives me the following error in compilation: shader.fx(80,10): error X3535: Bitwise operations not supported on legacy targets. shader.fx(92,18): ID3DXEffectCompiler::CompileEffect: There was an error compiling expression ID3DXEffectCompiler: Compilation failed The error is on the following line: nPixel |= y; What am I doing wrong here?

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• AS3: StageWidth for BOX2D?

  - by Gabriel Meono

  I know BOX2D uses meters, and AS3 uses pixels. I'm trying to create objects which are limited to the stageWidth. If I do this variable: for (var i:int = 0; i<(stage.stageWidth); i++){...} The animation will freeze, and this output appears: TypeError: Error #1009: Cannot access a property or method of a null object reference. at Box2D.Collision::b2BroadPhase/CreateProxy() at Box2D.Collision.Shapes::b2Shape/CreateProxy() at Box2D.Dynamics::b2Body/CreateShape() at com.actionsnippet.qbox.objects::CircleObject/build() at com.actionsnippet.qbox::QuickObject/init() at com.actionsnippet.qbox::QuickObject() at com.actionsnippet.qbox.objects::CircleObject() at com.actionsnippet.qbox::QuickBox2D/create() at com.actionsnippet.qbox::QuickBox2D/addCircle() at BOX2D_Test_Tutorial_fla::MainTimeline/frame1() Does anyone know how to fix this? Full Code: [SWF(width = 350, height = 600, frameRate = 60)] import com.actionsnippet.qbox.*; var sim:QuickBox2D = new QuickBox2D(this); sim.createStageWalls(); // make a heavy circle sim.addCircle({x:3, y:3, radius:0.4, density:1}); // create a few platforms // make pins for (var i:int = 0; i<(stage.stageWidth); i++){ //End sim.addCircle({x:1 + i * 1.5, y:18, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:2 + i * 1.5, y:17, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:1 + i * 1.5, y:16, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:2 + i * 1.5, y:15, radius:0.1, density:0}); //Mid end sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:14, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:13, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:12, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:11, radius:0.1, density:0}); sim.addCircle({x:0 + i * 2, y:10, radius:0.1, density:0}); } sim.start(); sim.mouseDrag();

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• OpenGL ES 2.0: Filtering Polygons within VBO

  - by Bunkai.Satori

  Say, I send 10 polygon pairs (one polygon pair == one 2d sprite == one rectangle == two triangles) into OpenGL ES 2.0 VBO. The 10 polygon pairs represent one animated 2D object consisting of 10 frames. The 10 frames, of course, can not be rendered all at the same time, but will be rendered in particular order to make up smooth animation. Would you have an advice, how to pick up proper polygon pair for rendering (4 vertices) inside Vertex Shader from the VBO? Creating separate VBO for each frame would end up with thousands of VBOs, which is not the right way of doing it. I use OpenGL ES 2.0, and VBOs for both Vertices and Indices.

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• 45° Slopes in a Tile based 2D platformer

  - by xNidhogg

  I want to have simple 45° slopes in my tile based platformer, however I just cant seem to get the algorithm down. Please take a look at the code and video, maybe I'm missing the obvious? //collisionRectangle is the collision rectangle of the player with //origin at the top left and width and height //wantedPosition is the new position the player will be set to. //this is determined elsewhere by checking the bottom center point of the players rect if(_leftSlope || _rightSlope) { //Test bottom center point var calculationPoint = new Vector2(collisionRectangle.Center.X, collisionRectangle.Bottom); //Get the collision rectangle of the tile, origin is top-left Rectangle cellRect = _tileMap.CellWorldRectangle( _tileMap.GetCellByPixel(calculationPoint)); //Calculate the new Y coordinate depending on if its a left or right slope //CellSize = 8 float newY = _leftSlope ? (calculationPoint.X % CellSize) + cellRect.Y : (-1 * (calculationPoint.X % CellSize) - CellSize) + cellRect.Y; //reset variables so we dont jump in here next frame _leftSlope = false; _rightSlope = false; //now change the players Y according to the difference of our calculation wantedPosition.Y += newY - calculationPoint.Y; } Video of what it looks like: http://youtu.be/EKOWgD2muoc

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• Ogre 3d and bullet physics interaction

  - by Tim

  I have been playing around with Ogre3d and trying to integrate bullet physics. I have previously somewhat successfully got this functionality working with irrlicht and bullet and I am trying to base this on what I had done there, but modifying it to fit with Ogre. It is working but not correctly and I would like some help to understand what it is I am doing wrong. I have a state system and when I enter the "gamestate" I call some functions such as setting up a basic scene, creating the physics simulation. I am doing that as follows. void GameState::enter() { ... // Setup Physics btBroadphaseInterface *BroadPhase = new btAxisSweep3(btVector3(-1000,-1000,-1000), btVector3(1000,1000,1000)); btDefaultCollisionConfiguration *CollisionConfiguration = new btDefaultCollisionConfiguration(); btCollisionDispatcher *Dispatcher = new btCollisionDispatcher(CollisionConfiguration); btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver *Solver = new btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolver(); World = new btDiscreteDynamicsWorld(Dispatcher, BroadPhase, Solver, CollisionConfiguration); ... createScene(); } In the createScene method I add a light and try to setup a "ground" plane to act as the ground for things to collide with.. as follows. I expect there is issues with this as I get objects colliding with the ground but half way through it and they glitch around like crazy on collision. void GameState::createScene() { m_pSceneMgr->createLight("Light")->setPosition(75,75,75); // Physics // As a test we want a floor plane for things to collide with Ogre::Entity *ent; Ogre::Plane p; p.normal = Ogre::Vector3(0,1,0); p.d = 0; Ogre::MeshManager::getSingleton().createPlane( "FloorPlane", Ogre::ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME, p, 200000, 200000, 20, 20, true, 1, 9000,9000,Ogre::Vector3::UNIT_Z); ent = m_pSceneMgr->createEntity("floor", "FloorPlane"); ent->setMaterialName("Test/Floor"); Ogre::SceneNode *node = m_pSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode(); node->attachObject(ent); btTransform Transform; Transform.setIdentity(); Transform.setOrigin(btVector3(0,1,0)); // Give it to the motion state btDefaultMotionState *MotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(Transform); btCollisionShape *Shape = new btStaticPlaneShape(btVector3(0,1,0),0); // Add Mass btVector3 LocalInertia; Shape->calculateLocalInertia(0, LocalInertia); // CReate the rigid body object btRigidBody *RigidBody = new btRigidBody(0, MotionState, Shape, LocalInertia); // Store a pointer to the Ogre Node so we can update it later RigidBody->setUserPointer((void *) (node)); // Add it to the physics world World->addRigidBody(RigidBody); Objects.push_back(RigidBody); m_pNumEntities++; // End Physics } I then have a method to create a cube and give it rigid body physics properties. I know there will be errors here as I get the items colliding with the ground but not with each other properly. So I would appreciate some input on what I am doing wrong. void GameState::CreateBox(const btVector3 &TPosition, const btVector3 &TScale, btScalar TMass) { Ogre::Vector3 size = Ogre::Vector3::ZERO; Ogre::Vector3 pos = Ogre::Vector3::ZERO; Ogre::Vector3 scale = Ogre::Vector3::ZERO; pos.x = TPosition.getX(); pos.y = TPosition.getY(); pos.z = TPosition.getZ(); scale.x = TScale.getX(); scale.y = TScale.getY(); scale.z = TScale.getZ(); Ogre::Entity *entity = m_pSceneMgr->createEntity( "Box" + Ogre::StringConverter::toString(m_pNumEntities), "cube.mesh"); entity->setCastShadows(true); Ogre::AxisAlignedBox boundingB = entity->getBoundingBox(); size = boundingB.getSize(); //size /= 2.0f; // Only the half needed? //size *= 0.96f; // Bullet margin is a bit bigger so we need a smaller size entity->setMaterialName("Test/Cube"); Ogre::SceneNode *node = m_pSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode(); node->attachObject(entity); node->setPosition(pos); //node->scale(scale); // Physics btTransform Transform; Transform.setIdentity(); Transform.setOrigin(TPosition); // Give it to the motion state btDefaultMotionState *MotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(Transform); btVector3 HalfExtents(TScale.getX()*0.5f,TScale.getY()*0.5f,TScale.getZ()*0.5f); btCollisionShape *Shape = new btBoxShape(HalfExtents); // Add Mass btVector3 LocalInertia; Shape->calculateLocalInertia(TMass, LocalInertia); // CReate the rigid body object btRigidBody *RigidBody = new btRigidBody(TMass, MotionState, Shape, LocalInertia); // Store a pointer to the Ogre Node so we can update it later RigidBody->setUserPointer((void *) (node)); // Add it to the physics world World->addRigidBody(RigidBody); Objects.push_back(RigidBody); m_pNumEntities++; } Then in the GameState::update() method which which runs every frame to handle input and render etc I call an UpdatePhysics method to update the physics simulation. void GameState::UpdatePhysics(unsigned int TDeltaTime) { World->stepSimulation(TDeltaTime * 0.001f, 60); btRigidBody *TObject; for(std::vector<btRigidBody *>::iterator it = Objects.begin(); it != Objects.end(); ++it) { // Update renderer Ogre::SceneNode *node = static_cast<Ogre::SceneNode *>((*it)->getUserPointer()); TObject = *it; // Set position btVector3 Point = TObject->getCenterOfMassPosition(); node->setPosition(Ogre::Vector3((float)Point[0], (float)Point[1], (float)Point[2])); // set rotation btVector3 EulerRotation; QuaternionToEuler(TObject->getOrientation(), EulerRotation); node->setOrientation(1,(Ogre::Real)EulerRotation[0], (Ogre::Real)EulerRotation[1], (Ogre::Real)EulerRotation[2]); //node->rotate(Ogre::Vector3(EulerRotation[0], EulerRotation[1], EulerRotation[2])); } } void GameState::QuaternionToEuler(const btQuaternion &TQuat, btVector3 &TEuler) { btScalar W = TQuat.getW(); btScalar X = TQuat.getX(); btScalar Y = TQuat.getY(); btScalar Z = TQuat.getZ(); float WSquared = W * W; float XSquared = X * X; float YSquared = Y * Y; float ZSquared = Z * Z; TEuler.setX(atan2f(2.0f * (Y * Z + X * W), -XSquared - YSquared + ZSquared + WSquared)); TEuler.setY(asinf(-2.0f * (X * Z - Y * W))); TEuler.setZ(atan2f(2.0f * (X * Y + Z * W), XSquared - YSquared - ZSquared + WSquared)); TEuler *= RADTODEG; } I seem to have issues with the cubes not colliding with each other and colliding strangely with the ground. I have tried to capture the effect with the attached image. I would appreciate any help in understanding what I have done wrong. Thanks. EDIT : Solution The following code shows the changes I made to get accurate physics. void GameState::createScene() { m_pSceneMgr->createLight("Light")->setPosition(75,75,75); // Physics // As a test we want a floor plane for things to collide with Ogre::Entity *ent; Ogre::Plane p; p.normal = Ogre::Vector3(0,1,0); p.d = 0; Ogre::MeshManager::getSingleton().createPlane( "FloorPlane", Ogre::ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME, p, 200000, 200000, 20, 20, true, 1, 9000,9000,Ogre::Vector3::UNIT_Z); ent = m_pSceneMgr->createEntity("floor", "FloorPlane"); ent->setMaterialName("Test/Floor"); Ogre::SceneNode *node = m_pSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode(); node->attachObject(ent); btTransform Transform; Transform.setIdentity(); // Fixed the transform vector here for y back to 0 to stop the objects sinking into the ground. Transform.setOrigin(btVector3(0,0,0)); // Give it to the motion state btDefaultMotionState *MotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(Transform); btCollisionShape *Shape = new btStaticPlaneShape(btVector3(0,1,0),0); // Add Mass btVector3 LocalInertia; Shape->calculateLocalInertia(0, LocalInertia); // CReate the rigid body object btRigidBody *RigidBody = new btRigidBody(0, MotionState, Shape, LocalInertia); // Store a pointer to the Ogre Node so we can update it later RigidBody->setUserPointer((void *) (node)); // Add it to the physics world World->addRigidBody(RigidBody); Objects.push_back(RigidBody); m_pNumEntities++; // End Physics } void GameState::CreateBox(const btVector3 &TPosition, const btVector3 &TScale, btScalar TMass) { Ogre::Vector3 size = Ogre::Vector3::ZERO; Ogre::Vector3 pos = Ogre::Vector3::ZERO; Ogre::Vector3 scale = Ogre::Vector3::ZERO; pos.x = TPosition.getX(); pos.y = TPosition.getY(); pos.z = TPosition.getZ(); scale.x = TScale.getX(); scale.y = TScale.getY(); scale.z = TScale.getZ(); Ogre::Entity *entity = m_pSceneMgr->createEntity( "Box" + Ogre::StringConverter::toString(m_pNumEntities), "cube.mesh"); entity->setCastShadows(true); Ogre::AxisAlignedBox boundingB = entity->getBoundingBox(); // The ogre bounding box is slightly bigger so I am reducing it for // use with the rigid body. size = boundingB.getSize()*0.95f; entity->setMaterialName("Test/Cube"); Ogre::SceneNode *node = m_pSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode(); node->attachObject(entity); node->setPosition(pos); node->showBoundingBox(true); //node->scale(scale); // Physics btTransform Transform; Transform.setIdentity(); Transform.setOrigin(TPosition); // Give it to the motion state btDefaultMotionState *MotionState = new btDefaultMotionState(Transform); // I got the size of the bounding box above but wasn't using it to set // the size for the rigid body. This now does. btVector3 HalfExtents(size.x*0.5f,size.y*0.5f,size.z*0.5f); btCollisionShape *Shape = new btBoxShape(HalfExtents); // Add Mass btVector3 LocalInertia; Shape->calculateLocalInertia(TMass, LocalInertia); // CReate the rigid body object btRigidBody *RigidBody = new btRigidBody(TMass, MotionState, Shape, LocalInertia); // Store a pointer to the Ogre Node so we can update it later RigidBody->setUserPointer((void *) (node)); // Add it to the physics world World->addRigidBody(RigidBody); Objects.push_back(RigidBody); m_pNumEntities++; } void GameState::UpdatePhysics(unsigned int TDeltaTime) { World->stepSimulation(TDeltaTime * 0.001f, 60); btRigidBody *TObject; for(std::vector<btRigidBody *>::iterator it = Objects.begin(); it != Objects.end(); ++it) { // Update renderer Ogre::SceneNode *node = static_cast<Ogre::SceneNode *>((*it)->getUserPointer()); TObject = *it; // Set position btVector3 Point = TObject->getCenterOfMassPosition(); node->setPosition(Ogre::Vector3((float)Point[0], (float)Point[1], (float)Point[2])); // Convert the bullet Quaternion to an Ogre quaternion btQuaternion btq = TObject->getOrientation(); Ogre::Quaternion quart = Ogre::Quaternion(btq.w(),btq.x(),btq.y(),btq.z()); // use the quaternion with setOrientation node->setOrientation(quart); } } The QuaternionToEuler function isn't needed so that was removed from code and header files. The objects now collide with the ground and each other appropriately.

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• Adding VFACE semantic causes overlapping output semantics error

  - by user1423893

  My pixel shader input is a follows struct VertexShaderOut { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TextureCoordinates : TEXCOORD0; float4 PositionClone : TEXCOORD1; // Final position values must be cloned to be used in PS calculations float3 Normal : TEXCOORD2; //float3x3 TBN : TEXCOORD3; float CullFace : VFACE; // A negative value faces backwards (-1), while a positive value (+1) faces the camera (requires ps_3_0) }; I'm using ps_3_0 and I wish to utilise the VFACE semantic for correct lighting of normals depending on the cull mode. If I add the VFACE semantic then I get the following errors: error X5639: dcl usage+index: position,0 has already been specified for an output register error X4504: overlapping output semantics Why would this occur? I can't see why there would be too much data.

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• UBJsonReader (Libgdx) unable to to read UBJson from Python(Blender)

  - by daniel

  I am working on an export tool from Blender to Libgdx, exports like custom attributes and other information (Almost completed), this is a very cool tool that will speed up a lot your works, after I completed I will send to public to contribute forum, Export format is uses python's Standard Json module and readable text, it of course works fine, but I wanna also have a Binary Json export for faster load, so users can Export Straight to Libgdx, but after I search I found that UBJson with draft9.py (simpleubjson 0.6.1) encode is seems matches with one FBXConverter's UBJsonWriter( Xoppa wrote), but when I export, I am not able to read the file, and send this errors (Java heap space) seems this is a different between byte sizes in UBJson(python) and UBJsonReader. how can I write a correct one in python that matches with Libgdx's UBJsonReader, and would be cross-platform? Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:120) Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.readString(UBJsonReader.java:162) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.parseString(UBJsonReader.java:150) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.parseObject(UBJsonReader.java:112) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.parse(UBJsonReader.java:59) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.parse(UBJsonReader.java:52) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.parse(UBJsonReader.java:36) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.UBJsonReader.parse(UBJsonReader.java:45) at com.me.gdximportexport.GdxImportExport.create(GdxImportExport.java:43) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop(LwjglApplication.java:136) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:114) Tested on UbuntuStudio 13.10 with OpenJdk 7, and Windows 7 with jdk 7 Thanks for any guides.

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• Why does setting a geometry shader cause my sprites to vanish?

  - by ChaosDev

  My application has multiple screens with different tasks. Once I set a geometry shader to the device context for my custom terrain, it works and I get the desired results. But then when I get back to the main menu, all sprites and text disappear. These sprites don't dissappear when I use pixel and vertex shaders. The sprites are being drawn through D3D11, of course, with specified view and projection matrices as well an input layout, vertex, and pixel shader. I'm trying DeviceContext->ClearState() but it does not help. Any ideas? void gGeometry::DrawIndexedWithCustomEffect(gVertexShader*vs,gPixelShader* ps,gGeometryShader* gs=nullptr) { unsigned int offset = 0; auto context = mp_D3D->mp_Context; //set topology context->IASetPrimitiveTopology(m_Topology); //set input layout context->IASetInputLayout(mp_inputLayout); //set vertex and index buffers context->IASetVertexBuffers(0,1,&mp_VertexBuffer->mp_Buffer,&m_VertexStride,&offset); context->IASetIndexBuffer(mp_IndexBuffer->mp_Buffer,mp_IndexBuffer->m_DXGIFormat,0); //send constant buffers to shaders context->VSSetConstantBuffers(0,vs->m_CBufferCount,vs->m_CRawBuffers.data()); context->PSSetConstantBuffers(0,ps->m_CBufferCount,ps->m_CRawBuffers.data()); if(gs!=nullptr) { context->GSSetConstantBuffers(0,gs->m_CBufferCount,gs->m_CRawBuffers.data()); context->GSSetShader(gs->mp_D3DGeomShader,0,0);//after this call all sprites disappear } //set shaders context->VSSetShader( vs->mp_D3DVertexShader, 0, 0 ); context->PSSetShader( ps->mp_D3DPixelShader, 0, 0 ); //draw context->DrawIndexed(m_indexCount,0,0); } //sprites void gSpriteDrawer::Draw(gTexture2D* texture,const RECT& dest,const RECT& source, const Matrix& spriteMatrix,const float& rotation,Vector2d& position,const Vector2d& origin,const Color& color) { VertexPositionColorTexture* verticesPtr; D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource; unsigned int TriangleVertexStride = sizeof(VertexPositionColorTexture); unsigned int offset = 0; float halfWidth = ( float )dest.right / 2.0f; float halfHeight = ( float )dest.bottom / 2.0f; float z = 0.1f; int w = texture->Width(); int h = texture->Height(); float tu = (float)source.right/(w); float tv = (float)source.bottom/(h); float hu = (float)source.left/(w); float hv = (float)source.top/(h); Vector2d t0 = Vector2d( hu+tu, hv); Vector2d t1 = Vector2d( hu+tu, hv+tv); Vector2d t2 = Vector2d( hu, hv+tv); Vector2d t3 = Vector2d( hu, hv+tv); Vector2d t4 = Vector2d( hu, hv); Vector2d t5 = Vector2d( hu+tu, hv); float ex=(dest.right/2)+(origin.x); float ey=(dest.bottom/2)+(origin.y); Vector4d v4Color = Vector4d(color.r,color.g,color.b,color.a); VertexPositionColorTexture vertices[] = { { Vector3d( dest.right-ex, -ey, z),v4Color, t0}, { Vector3d( dest.right-ex, dest.bottom-ey , z),v4Color, t1}, { Vector3d( -ex, dest.bottom-ey , z),v4Color, t2}, { Vector3d( -ex, dest.bottom-ey , z),v4Color, t3}, { Vector3d( -ex, -ey , z),v4Color, t4}, { Vector3d( dest.right-ex, -ey , z),v4Color, t5}, }; auto mp_context = mp_D3D->mp_Context; // Lock the vertex buffer so it can be written to. mp_context->Map(mp_vertexBuffer, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource); // Get a pointer to the data in the vertex buffer. verticesPtr = (VertexPositionColorTexture*)mappedResource.pData; // Copy the data into the vertex buffer. memcpy(verticesPtr, (void*)vertices, (sizeof(VertexPositionColorTexture) * 6)); // Unlock the vertex buffer. mp_context->Unmap(mp_vertexBuffer, 0); //set vertex shader mp_context->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &mp_vertexBuffer, &TriangleVertexStride, &offset); //set texture mp_context->PSSetShaderResources( 0, 1, &texture->mp_SRV); //set matrix to shader mp_context->UpdateSubresource(mp_matrixBuffer, 0, 0, &spriteMatrix, 0, 0 ); mp_context->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &mp_matrixBuffer); //draw sprite mp_context->Draw( 6, 0 ); }

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• Interpolating height on opengl quad

  - by ThePlague

  Okay I've got a quad, see picture. And want to find the height at any point in the quad, is there a way to do this accurately as bilinear interpolation doesn't work in this case. As you can see the trees trunk is well beneath the terrain and should be at the same height as the trunks around it. I know the altitude of the vertices marked by a red circle and the centre red circle is roughly where the base should be, I've also crudely added a line as that surface is not flat.

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• How can I get the palette of an 8-bit surface in SDL.NET/Tao.SDL?

  - by lolmaster

  I'm looking to get the palette of an 8-bit surface in SDL.NET if possible, or (more than likely) using Tao.SDL. This is because I want to do palette swapping with the palette directly, instead of blitting surfaces together to replace colours like how you would do it with a 32-bit surface. I've gotten the SDL_Surface and the SDL_PixelFormat, however when I go to get the palette in the same way, I get a System.ExecutionEngineException: private Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette GetPalette(Surface surf) { // Get surface. Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Surface sdlSurface = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Surface)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStructure(surf.Handle, typeof(Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Surface)); // Get pixel format. Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_PixelFormat pixelFormat = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_PixelFormat)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStructure(sdlSurface.format, typeof(Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_PixelFormat)); // Execution exception here. Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette palette = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStructure(pixelFormat.palette, typeof(Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette)); return palette; } When I used unsafe code to get the palette, I got a compile time error: "Cannot take the address of, get the size of, or declare a pointer to a managed type ('Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette')". My unsafe code to get the palette was this: unsafe { Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette* pal = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette*)pixelFormat.palette; } From what I've read, a managed type in this case is when a structure has some sort of reference inside it as a field. The SDL_Palette structure happens to have an array of SDL_Color's, so I'm assuming that's the reference type that is causing issues. However I'm still not sure how to work around that to get the underlying palette. So if anyone knows how to get the palette from an 8-bit surface, whether it's through safe or unsafe code, the help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Animations in FBX exported from Maya are anchored in the wrong place

  - by Simon P Stevens

  We are trying to export a model and animation from Maya into Unity3d. In Maya, the model is anchored (pivot point) at the feet (and the body moves up and down). However after we have performed the FBX export, and imported the file into Unity the model is now appears to be anchored by the waist/head and the feet move. These example videos probably help explain the problem more clearly: Example video - Maya - Correct Example video - Unity - Wrong We have also noticed that if we take the FBX file and import it back into Maya we have exactly the same problem. It seems to be that the constraints no longer work after the FBX is reimported back to Maya, which just kills the connection between the joints and the control objects. When we exported the FBX we have tried checking the 'bake animations' check box. The fact that the same problem exist when importing the FBX back into both Maya and Unity suggests that the source of the problem is most likely with the Maya FBX export. Has anyone encountered this problem before and have any ideas how to fix it?

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• Why is my Tiled map distorted when rendered with LibGDX?

  - by Sean

  I have a Tiled map that looks like this in the editor: But when I load it using an AssetManager (full static source available on GitHub) it appears completely askew. I believe the relevant portion of the code is below. This is the entire method; the others are either empty or might as well be. private OrthographicCamera camera; private AssetManager assetManager; private BitmapFont font; private SpriteBatch batch; private TiledMap map; private TiledMapRenderer renderer; @Override public void create() { float w = Gdx.graphics.getWidth(); float h = Gdx.graphics.getHeight(); camera = new OrthographicCamera(); assetManager = new AssetManager(); batch = new SpriteBatch(); font = new BitmapFont(); camera.setToOrtho(false, (w / h) * 10, 10); camera.update(); assetManager.setLoader(TiledMap.class, new TmxMapLoader( new InternalFileHandleResolver())); assetManager.load(AssetInfo.ICE_CAVE.assetPath, TiledMap.class); assetManager.finishLoading(); map = assetManager.get(AssetInfo.ICE_CAVE.assetPath); renderer = new IsometricTiledMapRenderer(map, 1f/64f); }

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• Random Movement for multiple entities

  - by opiop65

  I have this code for a arraylist of entities. All the entities use the same random and so all of them move in the same direction. How can I change it so it generates a new random number for each entity? public void moveFemale() { for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){ random = rand.nextInt(99); } if (random >= 0 && random <= 25) { posX -= enemyWalkSpeed; // right } if (random >= 26 && random <= 50) { posX += enemyWalkSpeed; // left } if (random >= 51 && random <= 75) { posY -= enemyWalkSpeed; // up } if (random >= 76 && random <= 100) { posY += enemyWalkSpeed; // down } } Is this correct? public void moveFemale() { for (Female female: GameFrame.females){ female.lastChangedDirectionTime += elapsedTime; if (female.lastChangedDirectionTime >= CHANGE_DIRECTION_TIME) { female.lastChangedDirectionTime = 0; random = rand.nextInt(100); if (random >= 0 && random <= 25) { posX -= enemyWalkSpeed; // right } if (random >= 26 && random <= 50) { posX += enemyWalkSpeed; // left } if (random >= 51 && random <= 75) { posY -= enemyWalkSpeed; // up } if (random >= 76 && random <= 100) { posY += enemyWalkSpeed; // down } } } }

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• Playing NSF music in FMOD.net

  - by Tesserex

  So, as the title says, I want to be able to play NSF files using FMOD, because my project already uses FMOD and I'd rather not replace it. This will involve figuring out how existing players and emulators work and porting it. I haven't yet found an existing player that uses FMOD. My starting point is the MyNes source from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mynes/. There are two big steps between here and what I'm looking for. MyNes plays from a ROM, not NSF. So, I have to rip out the APU and get it to play NSF files. The MyNes APU uses SlimDX, so I have to convert that to FMOD.NET. I am really stuck about how to go about either of these, because I'm not that familiar with audio formats and it's hard finding resources online. So here are a few questions: From what I can tell from the NSF spec at http://kevtris.org/nes/nsfspec.txt, it's just contains the relevant memory section of the ROM, plus the header. If anyone can verify or correct this that would be great. The emulator APU uses data from the rest of the emulator to play, including things like cycle counts. I'm not sure what replaces this in a standalone player. Can't I just load all the music data at once into a stream and play it? Joining #1 and #2, does the header data from the NSF substitute for some of the ROM data in the emulator code? Using FMOD, will I be following the usercreatedsound example for loading a stream? And does this format count as PCM? Specifically MyNes says PCM8. Any tips on loading / playing the stream in FMOD are appreciated. As an aside, I don't really understand the loading / playing sections of the spec I linked at all. It seems to apply to 6502 systems / emulators only and not to my situation. I know it's a long shot for anyone here to have enough experience in this area to help, but anything you can provide is definitely appreciated. A link to an existing .NET library that does this would be even better, but I don't believe one exists.

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• Entity/Component based engine rendering separation from logic

  - by Denis Narushevich

  I noticed in Unity3D that each gameObject(entity) have its own renderer component, as far I understand, such component handle rendering logic. I wonder if it is a common practice in entity/component based engines, when single entity have renderer components and logic components such as position, behavior altogether in one box? Such approach sound odd to me, in my understanding entity itself belongs to logic part and shouldn't contain any render specific things inside. With such approach it is impossible to swap renderers, it would require to rewrite all that customized renderers. The way I would do it is, that entity would contain only logic specific components, like AI,transform,scripts plus reference to mesh, or sprite. Then some entity with Camera component would store all references to object that is visible to the camera. And in order to render all that stuff I would have to pass Camera reference to Renderer class and render all sprites,meshes of visible entities. Is such approach somehow wrong?

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• OpenGL 3.0+ framebuffer to texture/images

  - by user827992

  I need a way to capture what is rendered on screen, i have read about glReadPixels but it looks really slow. Can you suggest a more efficient or just an alternative way for just copying what is rendered by OpenGL 3.0+ to the local RAM and in general to output this in a image or in a data stream? How i can achieve the same goal with OpenGL ES 2.0 ? EDIT: i just forgot: with this OpenGL functions how i can be sure that I'm actually reading a complete frame, meaning that there is no overlapping between 2 frames or any nasty side effect I'm actually reading the frame that comes right next to the previous one so i do not lose frames

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• Billboard shader without distortion

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I use the standard approach to billboarding within Unity that is OK, but not ideal: transform.LookAt(camera). The problem is that this introduces distortion toward the edges of the viewport, especially as the field of view angle grows larger. This is unlike the perfect billboarding you'd see in eg. Doom when seeing an enemy from any angle and irrespective of where they are located in screen space. Obviously, there are ways to blit an image directly to the viewport, centred around a single vertex, but I'm not hot on shaders. Does anyone have any samples of this approach (GLSL if possible), or any suggestions as to why it isn't typically done this way (vs. the aforementioned quad transformation method)? EDIT: I was confused, thanks Nathan for the heads up. Of course, Causing the quads to look at the camera does not cause them to be parallel to the view plane -- which is what I need.

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