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• T-SQL select where and group by date

  - by bconlon

  T-SQL has never been my favorite language, but I need to use it on a fairly regular basis and every time I seem to Google the same things. So if I add it here, it might help others with the same issues, but it will also save me time later as I will know where to look for the answers!! 1. How do I SELECT FROM WHERE to filter on a DateTime column? As it happens this is easy but I always forget. You just put the DATE value in single quotes and in standard format: SELECT StartDate FROM Customer WHERE StartDate >= '2011-01-01' ORDER BY StartDate 2. How do I then GROUP BY and get a count by StartDate? Bit trickier, but you can use the built in DATEADD and DATEDIFF to set the TIME part to midnight, allowing the GROUP BY to have a consistent value to work on: SELECT DATEADD (d, DATEDIFF(d, 0, StartDate),0) [Customer Creation Date], COUNT(*) [Number Of New Customers] FROM Customer WHERE StartDate >= '2011-01-01' GROUP BY DATEADD(d, DATEDIFF(d, 0, StartDate),0) ORDER BY [Customer Creation Date] Note: [Customer Creation Date] and [Number Of New Customers] column alias just provide more readable column headers. 3. Finally, how can you format the DATETIME to only show the DATE part (after all the TIME part is now always midnight)? The built in CONVERT function allows you to convert the DATETIME to a CHAR array using a specific format. The format is a bit arbitrary and needs looking up, but 101 is the U.S. standard mm/dd/yyyy, and 103 is the U.K. standard dd/mm/yyyy. SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(10), DATEADD(d, DATEDIFF(d, 0, StartDate),0), 103) [Customer Creation Date], COUNT(*) [Number Of New Customers] FROM Customer WHERE StartDate >= '2011-01-01' GROUP BY DATEADD(d, DATEDIFF(d, 0, StartDate),0) ORDER BY [Customer Creation Date]  #

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• XML Parsing Error at 1:1544. Error 4: not well-formed (invalid token)

  - by Steve

  I have installed Joomla 1.5.22 on a new hosting account, which doesn't have a domain yet, so it's public URL is http://cp-013.micron21.com/~annimac/ A message saying: XML Parsing Error at 1:1544. Error 4: not well-formed (invalid token). The source code for this message is: <dl id="system-message"> <dt class="error">Error</dt> <dd class="error message fade"> <ul> <li>XML Parsing Error at 1:1544. Error 4: not well-formed (invalid token)</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> There is nothing in /logs to indicate what the problem is. I have uploaded the following folders from a freshly unzipped copy of Joomla 1.5.22: administrator components includes language\en-GB libraries modules plugins templates\ja_purity xmlrpc and the issue remains. I have no custom or additional plugins, modules, or components installed. If I change templates, the problem remains. What is the problem?

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• Finding bugs is difficult, right?

  - by Laila

  Something I hear developers tell us all the time is that they take pride in being a developer.and that bugs are a dent in that pride. Someone once told me "I know I have found bugs years later, and it's the worst feeling in the world." So how can you avoid that sinking feeling when you find out a bug has been in production months before someone lets you know about it? Besides, let's face it: hearing about a bug often means a world of pain, because it can take hours to track down where the problem is and more hours (if not days) to fix it. And during that time, you're not working on something new, and that, my friends, is really frustrating! So to cheer you up, we've created a Bug Hunt game, where you battle against the clock to spot bugs. We've really enjoyed putting this together and hope you enjoy playing it too. Once you're done with the bug hunt, we explain how easy it can be to find and fix bugs in real life, using a neat mechanism that we call Automated Error Reporting. Play the game now.

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• What language available on commodity web hosts would suit a C# developer? [closed]

  - by billpg

  Recognising its ubiquity on commodity web hosting services, I tried developing in PHP a few years ago. I really didn't like it, later deciding that life was too short for PHP. (In brief, having to put $ on variable names; mis-spelt variable names become new variables; converting non-numeric strings to integers without complaint; the need for an "and this time I mean it" comparison operator.) In my ideal world, commodity web hosts would all support C#/ASP.NET, my preferred web-development language and framework, but this is not my ideal world. Even Mono has barely made a dent on Linux based hosts. However, last time I moaned about PHP's ubiquity, someone followed up that this was no longer the case, and that many other languages are now commonly usable on web hosts too. What programming language; a. Would suit a developer who prefers C#. b. Is available to run on many web hosts.

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• Developing web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor and EF Code First - Part 2

  - by shiju

  In my previous post Developing web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor and EF Code First - Part 1, we have discussed on how to work with ASP.NET MVC 3 and EF Code First for developing web apps. We have created generic repository and unit of work with EF Code First for our ASP.NET MVC 3 application and did basic CRUD operations against a simple domain entity. In this post, I will demonstrate on working with domain entity with deep object graph, Service Layer and View Models and will also complete the rest of the demo application. In the previous post, we have done CRUD operations against Category entity and this post will be focus on Expense entity those have an association with Category entity. You can download the source code from http://efmvc.codeplex.com . The following frameworks will be used for this step by step tutorial.    1. ASP.NET MVC 3 RTM    2. EF Code First CTP 5    3. Unity 2.0 Domain Model Category Entity public class Category   {       public int CategoryId { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")]       [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")]       public string Name { get; set;}       public string Description { get; set; }       public virtual ICollection<Expense> Expenses { get; set; }   } Expense Entity public class Expense     {                public int ExpenseId { get; set; }                public string  Transaction { get; set; }         public DateTime Date { get; set; }         public double Amount { get; set; }         public int CategoryId { get; set; }         public virtual Category Category { get; set; }     } We have two domain entities - Category and Expense. A single category contains a list of expense transactions and every expense transaction should have a Category. Repository class for Expense Transaction Let’s create repository class for handling CRUD operations for Expense entity public class ExpenseRepository : RepositoryBase<Expense>, IExpenseRepository     {     public ExpenseRepository(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)         : base(databaseFactory)         {         }                } public interface IExpenseRepository : IRepository<Expense> { } Service Layer If you are new to Service Layer, checkout Martin Fowler's article Service Layer . According to Martin Fowler, Service Layer defines an application's boundary and its set of available operations from the perspective of interfacing client layers. It encapsulates the application's business logic, controlling transactions and coordinating responses in the implementation of its operations. Controller classes should be lightweight and do not put much of business logic onto it. We can use the service layer as the business logic layer and can encapsulate the rules of the application. Let’s create a Service class for coordinates the transaction for Expense public interface IExpenseService {     IEnumerable<Expense> GetExpenses(DateTime startDate, DateTime ednDate);     Expense GetExpense(int id);             void CreateExpense(Expense expense);     void DeleteExpense(int id);     void SaveExpense(); } public class ExpenseService : IExpenseService {     private readonly IExpenseRepository expenseRepository;            private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork;     public ExpenseService(IExpenseRepository expenseRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)     {                  this.expenseRepository = expenseRepository;         this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork;     }     public IEnumerable<Expense> GetExpenses(DateTime startDate, DateTime endDate)     {         var expenses = expenseRepository.GetMany(exp => exp.Date >= startDate && exp.Date <= endDate);         return expenses;     }     public void CreateExpense(Expense expense)     {         expenseRepository.Add(expense);         unitOfWork.Commit();     }     public Expense GetExpense(int id)     {         var expense = expenseRepository.GetById(id);         return expense;     }     public void DeleteExpense(int id)     {         var expense = expenseRepository.GetById(id);         expenseRepository.Delete(expense);         unitOfWork.Commit();     }     public void SaveExpense()     {         unitOfWork.Commit();     } }   View Model for Expense Transactions In real world ASP.NET MVC applications, we need to design model objects especially for our views. Our domain objects are mainly designed for the needs for domain model and it is representing the domain of our applications. On the other hand, View Model objects are designed for our needs for views. We have an Expense domain entity that has an association with Category. While we are creating a new Expense, we have to specify that in which Category belongs with the new Expense transaction. The user interface for Expense transaction will have form fields for representing the Expense entity and a CategoryId for representing the Category. So let's create view model for representing the need for Expense transactions. public class ExpenseViewModel {     public int ExpenseId { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Category Required")]     public int CategoryId { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Transaction Required")]     public string Transaction { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Date Required")]     public DateTime Date { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Amount Required")]     public double Amount { get; set; }       public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> Category { get; set; } } The ExpenseViewModel is designed for the purpose of View template and contains the all validation rules. It has properties for mapping values to Expense entity and a property Category for binding values to a drop-down for list values of Category. Create Expense transaction Let’s create action methods in the ExpenseController for creating expense transactions public ActionResult Create() {     var expenseModel = new ExpenseViewModel();     var categories = categoryService.GetCategories();     expenseModel.Category = categories.ToSelectListItems(-1);     expenseModel.Date = DateTime.Today;     return View(expenseModel); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Create(ExpenseViewModel expenseViewModel) {                      if (!ModelState.IsValid)         {             var categories = categoryService.GetCategories();             expenseViewModel.Category = categories.ToSelectListItems(expenseViewModel.CategoryId);             return View("Save", expenseViewModel);         }         Expense expense=new Expense();         ModelCopier.CopyModel(expenseViewModel,expense);         expenseService.CreateExpense(expense);         return RedirectToAction("Index");              } In the Create action method for HttpGet request, we have created an instance of our View Model ExpenseViewModel with Category information for the drop-down list and passing the Model object to View template. The extension method ToSelectListItems is shown below   public static IEnumerable<SelectListItem> ToSelectListItems(         this IEnumerable<Category> categories, int  selectedId) {     return           categories.OrderBy(category => category.Name)                 .Select(category =>                     new SelectListItem                     {                         Selected = (category.CategoryId == selectedId),                         Text = category.Name,                         Value = category.CategoryId.ToString()                     }); } In the Create action method for HttpPost, our view model object ExpenseViewModel will map with posted form input values. We need to create an instance of Expense for the persistence purpose. So we need to copy values from ExpenseViewModel object to Expense object. ASP.NET MVC futures assembly provides a static class ModelCopier that can use for copying values between Model objects. ModelCopier class has two static methods - CopyCollection and CopyModel.CopyCollection method will copy values between two collection objects and CopyModel will copy values between two model objects. We have used CopyModel method of ModelCopier class for copying values from expenseViewModel object to expense object. Finally we did a call to CreateExpense method of ExpenseService class for persisting new expense transaction. List Expense Transactions We want to list expense transactions based on a date range. So let’s create action method for filtering expense transactions with a specified date range. public ActionResult Index(DateTime? startDate, DateTime? endDate) {     //If date is not passed, take current month's first and last dte     DateTime dtNow;     dtNow = DateTime.Today;     if (!startDate.HasValue)     {         startDate = new DateTime(dtNow.Year, dtNow.Month, 1);         endDate = startDate.Value.AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);     }     //take last date of start date's month, if end date is not passed     if (startDate.HasValue && !endDate.HasValue)     {         endDate = (new DateTime(startDate.Value.Year, startDate.Value.Month, 1)).AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);     }     var expenses = expenseService.GetExpenses(startDate.Value ,endDate.Value);     //if request is Ajax will return partial view     if (Request.IsAjaxRequest())     {         return PartialView("ExpenseList", expenses);     }     //set start date and end date to ViewBag dictionary     ViewBag.StartDate = startDate.Value.ToShortDateString();     ViewBag.EndDate = endDate.Value.ToShortDateString();     //if request is not ajax     return View(expenses); } We are using the above Index Action method for both Ajax requests and normal requests. If there is a request for Ajax, we will call the PartialView ExpenseList. Razor Views for listing Expense information Let’s create view templates in Razor for showing list of Expense information ExpenseList.cshtml @model IEnumerable<MyFinance.Domain.Expense>   <table>         <tr>             <th>Actions</th>             <th>Category</th>             <th>                 Transaction             </th>             <th>                 Date             </th>             <th>                 Amount             </th>         </tr>       @foreach (var item in Model) {              <tr>             <td>                 @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit",new { id = item.ExpenseId })                 @Ajax.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.ExpenseId }, new AjaxOptions { Confirm = "Delete Expense?", HttpMethod = "Post", UpdateTargetId = "divExpenseList" })             </td>              <td>                 @item.Category.Name             </td>             <td>                 @item.Transaction             </td>             <td>                 @String.Format("{0:d}", item.Date)             </td>             <td>                 @String.Format("{0:F}", item.Amount)             </td>         </tr>          }       </table>     <p>         @Html.ActionLink("Create New Expense", "Create") |         @Html.ActionLink("Create New Category", "Create","Category")     </p> Index.cshtml @using MyFinance.Helpers; @model IEnumerable<MyFinance.Domain.Expense> @{     ViewBag.Title = "Index"; }    <h2>Expense List</h2>    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-ui.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.ui.datepicker.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/jquery-ui-1.8.6.custom.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />      @using (Ajax.BeginForm(new AjaxOptions{ UpdateTargetId="divExpenseList", HttpMethod="Get"})) {     <table>         <tr>         <td>         <div>           Start Date: @Html.TextBox("StartDate", Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:mm/dd/yyyy}", ViewData["StartDate"].ToString())), new { @class = "ui-datepicker" })         </div>         </td>         <td><div>            End Date: @Html.TextBox("EndDate", Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:mm/dd/yyyy}", ViewData["EndDate"].ToString())), new { @class = "ui-datepicker" })          </div></td>          <td> <input type="submit" value="Search By TransactionDate" /></td>         </tr>     </table>         }   <div id="divExpenseList">             @Html.Partial("ExpenseList", Model)     </div> <script type="text/javascript">     $().ready(function () {         $('.ui-datepicker').datepicker({             dateFormat: 'mm/dd/yy',             buttonImage: '@Url.Content("~/Content/calendar.gif")',             buttonImageOnly: true,             showOn: "button"         });     }); </script> Ajax search functionality using Ajax.BeginForm The search functionality of Index view is providing Ajax functionality using Ajax.BeginForm. The Ajax.BeginForm() method writes an opening <form> tag to the response. You can use this method in a using block. In that case, the method renders the closing </form> tag at the end of the using block and the form is submitted asynchronously by using JavaScript. The search functionality will call the Index Action method and this will return partial view ExpenseList for updating the search result. We want to update the response UI for the Ajax request onto divExpenseList element. So we have specified the UpdateTargetId as "divExpenseList" in the Ajax.BeginForm method. Add jQuery DatePicker Our search functionality is using a date range so we are providing two date pickers using jQuery datepicker. You need to add reference to the following JavaScript files to working with jQuery datepicker. jquery-ui.js jquery.ui.datepicker.js For theme support for datepicker, we can use a customized CSS class. In our example we have used a CSS file “jquery-ui-1.8.6.custom.css”. For more details about the datepicker component, visit jquery UI website at http://jqueryui.com/demos/datepicker . In the jQuery ready event, we have used following JavaScript function to initialize the UI element to show date picker. <script type="text/javascript">     $().ready(function () {         $('.ui-datepicker').datepicker({             dateFormat: 'mm/dd/yy',             buttonImage: '@Url.Content("~/Content/calendar.gif")',             buttonImageOnly: true,             showOn: "button"         });     }); </script>   Source Code You can download the source code from http://efmvc.codeplex.com/ . Summary In this two-part series, we have created a simple web application using ASP.NET MVC 3 RTM, Razor and EF Code First CTP 5. I have demonstrated patterns and practices  such as Dependency Injection, Repository pattern, Unit of Work, ViewModel and Service Layer. My primary objective was to demonstrate different practices and options for developing web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3 and EF Code First. You can implement these approaches in your own way for building web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3. I will refactor this demo app on later time.

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• ASP.NET MVC 3 Hosting :: How to Deploy Web Apps Using ASP.NET MVC 3, Razor and EF Code First - Part II

  - by mbridge

  In previous post, I have discussed on how to work with ASP.NET MVC 3 and EF Code First for developing web apps. In this post, I will demonstrate on working with domain entity with deep object graph, Service Layer and View Models and will also complete the rest of the demo application. In the previous post, we have done CRUD operations against Category entity and this post will be focus on Expense entity those have an association with Category entity. Domain Model Category Entity public class Category   {       public int CategoryId { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")]       [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")]       public string Name { get; set;}       public string Description { get; set; }       public virtual ICollection<Expense> Expenses { get; set; }   } Expense Entity public class Expense     {                public int ExpenseId { get; set; }                public string  Transaction { get; set; }         public DateTime Date { get; set; }         public double Amount { get; set; }         public int CategoryId { get; set; }         public virtual Category Category { get; set; }     } We have two domain entities - Category and Expense. A single category contains a list of expense transactions and every expense transaction should have a Category. Repository class for Expense Transaction Let’s create repository class for handling CRUD operations for Expense entity public class ExpenseRepository : RepositoryBase<Expense>, IExpenseRepository     {     public ExpenseRepository(IDatabaseFactory databaseFactory)         : base(databaseFactory)         {         }                } public interface IExpenseRepository : IRepository<Expense> { } Service Layer If you are new to Service Layer, checkout Martin Fowler's article Service Layer . According to Martin Fowler, Service Layer defines an application's boundary and its set of available operations from the perspective of interfacing client layers. It encapsulates the application's business logic, controlling transactions and coordinating responses in the implementation of its operations. Controller classes should be lightweight and do not put much of business logic onto it. We can use the service layer as the business logic layer and can encapsulate the rules of the application. Let’s create a Service class for coordinates the transaction for Expense public interface IExpenseService {     IEnumerable<Expense> GetExpenses(DateTime startDate, DateTime ednDate);     Expense GetExpense(int id);             void CreateExpense(Expense expense);     void DeleteExpense(int id);     void SaveExpense(); } public class ExpenseService : IExpenseService {     private readonly IExpenseRepository expenseRepository;            private readonly IUnitOfWork unitOfWork;     public ExpenseService(IExpenseRepository expenseRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)     {                  this.expenseRepository = expenseRepository;         this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork;     }     public IEnumerable<Expense> GetExpenses(DateTime startDate, DateTime endDate)     {         var expenses = expenseRepository.GetMany(exp => exp.Date >= startDate && exp.Date <= endDate);         return expenses;     }     public void CreateExpense(Expense expense)     {         expenseRepository.Add(expense);         unitOfWork.Commit();     }     public Expense GetExpense(int id)     {         var expense = expenseRepository.GetById(id);         return expense;     }     public void DeleteExpense(int id)     {         var expense = expenseRepository.GetById(id);         expenseRepository.Delete(expense);         unitOfWork.Commit();     }     public void SaveExpense()     {         unitOfWork.Commit();     } } View Model for Expense Transactions In real world ASP.NET MVC applications, we need to design model objects especially for our views. Our domain objects are mainly designed for the needs for domain model and it is representing the domain of our applications. On the other hand, View Model objects are designed for our needs for views. We have an Expense domain entity that has an association with Category. While we are creating a new Expense, we have to specify that in which Category belongs with the new Expense transaction. The user interface for Expense transaction will have form fields for representing the Expense entity and a CategoryId for representing the Category. So let's create view model for representing the need for Expense transactions. public class ExpenseViewModel {     public int ExpenseId { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Category Required")]     public int CategoryId { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Transaction Required")]     public string Transaction { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Date Required")]     public DateTime Date { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Amount Required")]     public double Amount { get; set; }       public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> Category { get; set; } } The ExpenseViewModel is designed for the purpose of View template and contains the all validation rules. It has properties for mapping values to Expense entity and a property Category for binding values to a drop-down for list values of Category. Create Expense transaction Let’s create action methods in the ExpenseController for creating expense transactions public ActionResult Create() {     var expenseModel = new ExpenseViewModel();     var categories = categoryService.GetCategories();     expenseModel.Category = categories.ToSelectListItems(-1);     expenseModel.Date = DateTime.Today;     return View(expenseModel); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Create(ExpenseViewModel expenseViewModel) {                      if (!ModelState.IsValid)         {             var categories = categoryService.GetCategories();             expenseViewModel.Category = categories.ToSelectListItems(expenseViewModel.CategoryId);             return View("Save", expenseViewModel);         }         Expense expense=new Expense();         ModelCopier.CopyModel(expenseViewModel,expense);         expenseService.CreateExpense(expense);         return RedirectToAction("Index");              } In the Create action method for HttpGet request, we have created an instance of our View Model ExpenseViewModel with Category information for the drop-down list and passing the Model object to View template. The extension method ToSelectListItems is shown below public static IEnumerable<SelectListItem> ToSelectListItems(         this IEnumerable<Category> categories, int  selectedId) {     return           categories.OrderBy(category => category.Name)                 .Select(category =>                     new SelectListItem                     {                         Selected = (category.CategoryId == selectedId),                         Text = category.Name,                         Value = category.CategoryId.ToString()                     }); } In the Create action method for HttpPost, our view model object ExpenseViewModel will map with posted form input values. We need to create an instance of Expense for the persistence purpose. So we need to copy values from ExpenseViewModel object to Expense object. ASP.NET MVC futures assembly provides a static class ModelCopier that can use for copying values between Model objects. ModelCopier class has two static methods - CopyCollection and CopyModel.CopyCollection method will copy values between two collection objects and CopyModel will copy values between two model objects. We have used CopyModel method of ModelCopier class for copying values from expenseViewModel object to expense object. Finally we did a call to CreateExpense method of ExpenseService class for persisting new expense transaction. List Expense Transactions We want to list expense transactions based on a date range. So let’s create action method for filtering expense transactions with a specified date range. public ActionResult Index(DateTime? startDate, DateTime? endDate) {     //If date is not passed, take current month's first and last dte     DateTime dtNow;     dtNow = DateTime.Today;     if (!startDate.HasValue)     {         startDate = new DateTime(dtNow.Year, dtNow.Month, 1);         endDate = startDate.Value.AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);     }     //take last date of start date's month, if end date is not passed     if (startDate.HasValue && !endDate.HasValue)     {         endDate = (new DateTime(startDate.Value.Year, startDate.Value.Month, 1)).AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);     }     var expenses = expenseService.GetExpenses(startDate.Value ,endDate.Value);     //if request is Ajax will return partial view     if (Request.IsAjaxRequest())     {         return PartialView("ExpenseList", expenses);     }     //set start date and end date to ViewBag dictionary     ViewBag.StartDate = startDate.Value.ToShortDateString();     ViewBag.EndDate = endDate.Value.ToShortDateString();     //if request is not ajax     return View(expenses); } We are using the above Index Action method for both Ajax requests and normal requests. If there is a request for Ajax, we will call the PartialView ExpenseList. Razor Views for listing Expense information Let’s create view templates in Razor for showing list of Expense information ExpenseList.cshtml @model IEnumerable<MyFinance.Domain.Expense>   <table>         <tr>             <th>Actions</th>             <th>Category</th>             <th>                 Transaction             </th>             <th>                 Date             </th>             <th>                 Amount             </th>         </tr>       @foreach (var item in Model) {              <tr>             <td>                 @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit",new { id = item.ExpenseId })                 @Ajax.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.ExpenseId }, new AjaxOptions { Confirm = "Delete Expense?", HttpMethod = "Post", UpdateTargetId = "divExpenseList" })             </td>              <td>                 @item.Category.Name             </td>             <td>                 @item.Transaction             </td>             <td>                 @String.Format("{0:d}", item.Date)             </td>             <td>                 @String.Format("{0:F}", item.Amount)             </td>         </tr>          }       </table>     <p>         @Html.ActionLink("Create New Expense", "Create") |         @Html.ActionLink("Create New Category", "Create","Category")     </p> Index.cshtml @using MyFinance.Helpers; @model IEnumerable<MyFinance.Domain.Expense> @{     ViewBag.Title = "Index"; }    <h2>Expense List</h2>    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-ui.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.ui.datepicker.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/jquery-ui-1.8.6.custom.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />      @using (Ajax.BeginForm(new AjaxOptions{ UpdateTargetId="divExpenseList", HttpMethod="Get"})) {     <table>         <tr>         <td>         <div>           Start Date: @Html.TextBox("StartDate", Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:mm/dd/yyyy}", ViewData["StartDate"].ToString())), new { @class = "ui-datepicker" })         </div>         </td>         <td><div>            End Date: @Html.TextBox("EndDate", Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:mm/dd/yyyy}", ViewData["EndDate"].ToString())), new { @class = "ui-datepicker" })          </div></td>          <td> <input type="submit" value="Search By TransactionDate" /></td>         </tr>     </table>         }   <div id="divExpenseList">             @Html.Partial("ExpenseList", Model)     </div> <script type="text/javascript">     $().ready(function () {         $('.ui-datepicker').datepicker({             dateFormat: 'mm/dd/yy',             buttonImage: '@Url.Content("~/Content/calendar.gif")',             buttonImageOnly: true,             showOn: "button"         });     }); </script> Ajax search functionality using Ajax.BeginForm The search functionality of Index view is providing Ajax functionality using Ajax.BeginForm. The Ajax.BeginForm() method writes an opening <form> tag to the response. You can use this method in a using block. In that case, the method renders the closing </form> tag at the end of the using block and the form is submitted asynchronously by using JavaScript. The search functionality will call the Index Action method and this will return partial view ExpenseList for updating the search result. We want to update the response UI for the Ajax request onto divExpenseList element. So we have specified the UpdateTargetId as "divExpenseList" in the Ajax.BeginForm method. Add jQuery DatePicker Our search functionality is using a date range so we are providing two date pickers using jQuery datepicker. You need to add reference to the following JavaScript files to working with jQuery datepicker. - jquery-ui.js - jquery.ui.datepicker.js For theme support for datepicker, we can use a customized CSS class. In our example we have used a CSS file “jquery-ui-1.8.6.custom.css”. For more details about the datepicker component, visit jquery UI website at http://jqueryui.com/demos/datepicker . In the jQuery ready event, we have used following JavaScript function to initialize the UI element to show date picker. <script type="text/javascript">     $().ready(function () {         $('.ui-datepicker').datepicker({             dateFormat: 'mm/dd/yy',             buttonImage: '@Url.Content("~/Content/calendar.gif")',             buttonImageOnly: true,             showOn: "button"         });     }); </script> Summary In this two-part series, we have created a simple web application using ASP.NET MVC 3 RTM, Razor and EF Code First CTP 5. I have demonstrated patterns and practices  such as Dependency Injection, Repository pattern, Unit of Work, ViewModel and Service Layer. My primary objective was to demonstrate different practices and options for developing web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3 and EF Code First. You can implement these approaches in your own way for building web apps using ASP.NET MVC 3. I will refactor this demo app on later time.

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• How John Got 15x Improvement Without Really Trying

  - by rchrd

  The following article was published on a Sun Microsystems website a number of years ago by John Feo. It is still useful and worth preserving. So I'm republishing it here.  How I Got 15x Improvement Without Really Trying John Feo, Sun Microsystems Taking ten "personal" program codes used in scientific and engineering research, the author was able to get from 2 to 15 times performance improvement easily by applying some simple general optimization techniques. Introduction Scientific research based on computer simulation depends on the simulation for advancement. The research can advance only as fast as the computational codes can execute. The codes' efficiency determines both the rate and quality of results. In the same amount of time, a faster program can generate more results and can carry out a more detailed simulation of physical phenomena than a slower program. Highly optimized programs help science advance quickly and insure that monies supporting scientific research are used as effectively as possible. Scientific computer codes divide into three broad categories: ISV, community, and personal. ISV codes are large, mature production codes developed and sold commercially. The codes improve slowly over time both in methods and capabilities, and they are well tuned for most vendor platforms. Since the codes are mature and complex, there are few opportunities to improve their performance solely through code optimization. Improvements of 10% to 15% are typical. Examples of ISV codes are DYNA3D, Gaussian, and Nastran. Community codes are non-commercial production codes used by a particular research field. Generally, they are developed and distributed by a single academic or research institution with assistance from the community. Most users just run the codes, but some develop new methods and extensions that feed back into the general release. The codes are available on most vendor platforms. Since these codes are younger than ISV codes, there are more opportunities to optimize the source code. Improvements of 50% are not unusual. Examples of community codes are AMBER, CHARM, BLAST, and FASTA. Personal codes are those written by single users or small research groups for their own use. These codes are not distributed, but may be passed from professor-to-student or student-to-student over several years. They form the primordial ocean of applications from which community and ISV codes emerge. Government research grants pay for the development of most personal codes. This paper reports on the nature and performance of this class of codes. Over the last year, I have looked at over two dozen personal codes from more than a dozen research institutions. The codes cover a variety of scientific fields, including astronomy, atmospheric sciences, bioinformatics, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. The sources range from a few hundred lines to more than ten thousand lines, and are written in Fortran, Fortran 90, C, and C++. For the most part, the codes are modular, documented, and written in a clear, straightforward manner. They do not use complex language features, advanced data structures, programming tricks, or libraries. I had little trouble understanding what the codes did or how data structures were used. Most came with a makefile. Surprisingly, only one of the applications is parallel. All developers have access to parallel machines, so availability is not an issue. Several tried to parallelize their applications, but stopped after encountering difficulties. Lack of education and a perception that parallelism is difficult prevented most from trying. I parallelized several of the codes using OpenMP, and did not judge any of the codes as difficult to parallelize. Even more surprising than the lack of parallelism is the inefficiency of the codes. I was able to get large improvements in performance in a matter of a few days applying simple optimization techniques. Table 1 lists ten representative codes [names and affiliation are omitted to preserve anonymity]. Improvements on one processor range from 2x to 15.5x with a simple average of 4.75x. I did not use sophisticated performance tools or drill deep into the program's execution character as one would do when tuning ISV or community codes. Using only a profiler and source line timers, I identified inefficient sections of code and improved their performance by inspection. The changes were at a high level. I am sure there is another factor of 2 or 3 in each code, and more if the codes are parallelized. The study’s results show that personal scientific codes are running many times slower than they should and that the problem is pervasive. Computational scientists are not sloppy programmers; however, few are trained in the art of computer programming or code optimization. I found that most have a working knowledge of some programming language and standard software engineering practices; but they do not know, or think about, how to make their programs run faster. They simply do not know the standard techniques used to make codes run faster. In fact, they do not even perceive that such techniques exist. The case studies described in this paper show that applying simple, well known techniques can significantly increase the performance of personal codes. It is important that the scientific community and the Government agencies that support scientific research find ways to better educate academic scientific programmers. The inefficiency of their codes is so bad that it is retarding both the quality and progress of scientific research. # cacheperformance redundantoperations loopstructures performanceimprovement 1 x x 15.5 2 x 2.8 3 x x 2.5 4 x 2.1 5 x x 2.0 6 x 5.0 7 x 5.8 8 x 6.3 9 2.2 10 x x 3.3 Table 1 — Area of improvement and performance gains of 10 codes The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: sections 2, 3, and 4 discuss the three most common sources of inefficiencies in the codes studied. These are cache performance, redundant operations, and loop structures. Each section includes several examples. The last section summaries the work and suggests a possible solution to the issues raised. Optimizing cache performance Commodity microprocessor systems use caches to increase memory bandwidth and reduce memory latencies. Typical latencies from processor to L1, L2, local, and remote memory are 3, 10, 50, and 200 cycles, respectively. Moreover, bandwidth falls off dramatically as memory distances increase. Programs that do not use cache effectively run many times slower than programs that do. When optimizing for cache, the biggest performance gains are achieved by accessing data in cache order and reusing data to amortize the overhead of cache misses. Secondary considerations are prefetching, associativity, and replacement; however, the understanding and analysis required to optimize for the latter are probably beyond the capabilities of the non-expert. Much can be gained simply by accessing data in the correct order and maximizing data reuse. 6 out of the 10 codes studied here benefited from such high level optimizations. Array Accesses The most important cache optimization is the most basic: accessing Fortran array elements in column order and C array elements in row order. Four of the ten codes—1, 2, 4, and 10—got it wrong. Compilers will restructure nested loops to optimize cache performance, but may not do so if the loop structure is too complex, or the loop body includes conditionals, complex addressing, or function calls. In code 1, the compiler failed to invert a key loop because of complex addressing do I = 0, 1010, delta_x IM = I - delta_x IP = I + delta_x do J = 5, 995, delta_x JM = J - delta_x JP = J + delta_x T1 = CA1(IP, J) + CA1(I, JP) T2 = CA1(IM, J) + CA1(I, JM) S1 = T1 + T2 - 4 * CA1(I, J) CA(I, J) = CA1(I, J) + D * S1 end do end do In code 2, the culprit is conditionals do I = 1, N do J = 1, N If (IFLAG(I,J) .EQ. 0) then T1 = Value(I, J-1) T2 = Value(I-1, J) T3 = Value(I, J) T4 = Value(I+1, J) T5 = Value(I, J+1) Value(I,J) = 0.25 * (T1 + T2 + T5 + T4) Delta = ABS(T3 - Value(I,J)) If (Delta .GT. MaxDelta) MaxDelta = Delta endif enddo enddo I fixed both programs by inverting the loops by hand. Code 10 has three-dimensional arrays and triply nested loops. The structure of the most computationally intensive loops is too complex to invert automatically or by hand. The only practical solution is to transpose the arrays so that the dimension accessed by the innermost loop is in cache order. The arrays can be transposed at construction or prior to entering a computationally intensive section of code. The former requires all array references to be modified, while the latter is cost effective only if the cost of the transpose is amortized over many accesses. I used the second approach to optimize code 10. Code 5 has four-dimensional arrays and loops are nested four deep. For all of the reasons cited above the compiler is not able to restructure three key loops. Assume C arrays and let the four dimensions of the arrays be i, j, k, and l. In the original code, the index structure of the three loops is L1: for i L2: for i L3: for i for l for l for j for k for j for k for j for k for l So only L3 accesses array elements in cache order. L1 is a very complex loop—much too complex to invert. I brought the loop into cache alignment by transposing the second and fourth dimensions of the arrays. Since the code uses a macro to compute all array indexes, I effected the transpose at construction and changed the macro appropriately. The dimensions of the new arrays are now: i, l, k, and j. L3 is a simple loop and easily inverted. L2 has a loop-carried scalar dependence in k. By promoting the scalar name that carries the dependence to an array, I was able to invert the third and fourth subloops aligning the loop with cache. Code 5 is by far the most difficult of the four codes to optimize for array accesses; but the knowledge required to fix the problems is no more than that required for the other codes. I would judge this code at the limits of, but not beyond, the capabilities of appropriately trained computational scientists. Array Strides When a cache miss occurs, a line (64 bytes) rather than just one word is loaded into the cache. If data is accessed stride 1, than the cost of the miss is amortized over 8 words. Any stride other than one reduces the cost savings. Two of the ten codes studied suffered from non-unit strides. The codes represent two important classes of "strided" codes. Code 1 employs a multi-grid algorithm to reduce time to convergence. The grids are every tenth, fifth, second, and unit element. Since time to convergence is inversely proportional to the distance between elements, coarse grids converge quickly providing good starting values for finer grids. The better starting values further reduce the time to convergence. The downside is that grids of every nth element, n > 1, introduce non-unit strides into the computation. In the original code, much of the savings of the multi-grid algorithm were lost due to this problem. I eliminated the problem by compressing (copying) coarse grids into continuous memory, and rewriting the computation as a function of the compressed grid. On convergence, I copied the final values of the compressed grid back to the original grid. The savings gained from unit stride access of the compressed grid more than paid for the cost of copying. Using compressed grids, the loop from code 1 included in the previous section becomes do j = 1, GZ do i = 1, GZ T1 = CA(i+0, j-1) + CA(i-1, j+0) T4 = CA1(i+1, j+0) + CA1(i+0, j+1) S1 = T1 + T4 - 4 * CA1(i+0, j+0) CA(i+0, j+0) = CA1(i+0, j+0) + DD * S1 enddo enddo where CA and CA1 are compressed arrays of size GZ. Code 7 traverses a list of objects selecting objects for later processing. The labels of the selected objects are stored in an array. The selection step has unit stride, but the processing steps have irregular stride. A fix is to save the parameters of the selected objects in temporary arrays as they are selected, and pass the temporary arrays to the processing functions. The fix is practical if the same parameters are used in selection as in processing, or if processing comprises a series of distinct steps which use overlapping subsets of the parameters. Both conditions are true for code 7, so I achieved significant improvement by copying parameters to temporary arrays during selection. Data reuse In the previous sections, we optimized for spatial locality. It is also important to optimize for temporal locality. Once read, a datum should be used as much as possible before it is forced from cache. Loop fusion and loop unrolling are two techniques that increase temporal locality. Unfortunately, both techniques increase register pressure—as loop bodies become larger, the number of registers required to hold temporary values grows. Once register spilling occurs, any gains evaporate quickly. For multiprocessors with small register sets or small caches, the sweet spot can be very small. In the ten codes presented here, I found no opportunities for loop fusion and only two opportunities for loop unrolling (codes 1 and 3). In code 1, unrolling the outer and inner loop one iteration increases the number of result values computed by the loop body from 1 to 4, do J = 1, GZ-2, 2 do I = 1, GZ-2, 2 T1 = CA1(i+0, j-1) + CA1(i-1, j+0) T2 = CA1(i+1, j-1) + CA1(i+0, j+0) T3 = CA1(i+0, j+0) + CA1(i-1, j+1) T4 = CA1(i+1, j+0) + CA1(i+0, j+1) T5 = CA1(i+2, j+0) + CA1(i+1, j+1) T6 = CA1(i+1, j+1) + CA1(i+0, j+2) T7 = CA1(i+2, j+1) + CA1(i+1, j+2) S1 = T1 + T4 - 4 * CA1(i+0, j+0) S2 = T2 + T5 - 4 * CA1(i+1, j+0) S3 = T3 + T6 - 4 * CA1(i+0, j+1) S4 = T4 + T7 - 4 * CA1(i+1, j+1) CA(i+0, j+0) = CA1(i+0, j+0) + DD * S1 CA(i+1, j+0) = CA1(i+1, j+0) + DD * S2 CA(i+0, j+1) = CA1(i+0, j+1) + DD * S3 CA(i+1, j+1) = CA1(i+1, j+1) + DD * S4 enddo enddo The loop body executes 12 reads, whereas as the rolled loop shown in the previous section executes 20 reads to compute the same four values. In code 3, two loops are unrolled 8 times and one loop is unrolled 4 times. Here is the before for (k = 0; k < NK[u]; k++) { sum = 0.0; for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { sum += W[y][u][k] * delta[y]; } backprop[i++]=sum; } and after code for (k = 0; k < KK - 8; k+=8) { sum0 = 0.0; sum1 = 0.0; sum2 = 0.0; sum3 = 0.0; sum4 = 0.0; sum5 = 0.0; sum6 = 0.0; sum7 = 0.0; for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { sum0 += W[y][0][k+0] * delta[y]; sum1 += W[y][0][k+1] * delta[y]; sum2 += W[y][0][k+2] * delta[y]; sum3 += W[y][0][k+3] * delta[y]; sum4 += W[y][0][k+4] * delta[y]; sum5 += W[y][0][k+5] * delta[y]; sum6 += W[y][0][k+6] * delta[y]; sum7 += W[y][0][k+7] * delta[y]; } backprop[k+0] = sum0; backprop[k+1] = sum1; backprop[k+2] = sum2; backprop[k+3] = sum3; backprop[k+4] = sum4; backprop[k+5] = sum5; backprop[k+6] = sum6; backprop[k+7] = sum7; } for one of the loops unrolled 8 times. Optimizing for temporal locality is the most difficult optimization considered in this paper. The concepts are not difficult, but the sweet spot is small. Identifying where the program can benefit from loop unrolling or loop fusion is not trivial. Moreover, it takes some effort to get it right. Still, educating scientific programmers about temporal locality and teaching them how to optimize for it will pay dividends. Reducing instruction count Execution time is a function of instruction count. Reduce the count and you usually reduce the time. The best solution is to use a more efficient algorithm; that is, an algorithm whose order of complexity is smaller, that converges quicker, or is more accurate. Optimizing source code without changing the algorithm yields smaller, but still significant, gains. This paper considers only the latter because the intent is to study how much better codes can run if written by programmers schooled in basic code optimization techniques. The ten codes studied benefited from three types of "instruction reducing" optimizations. The two most prevalent were hoisting invariant memory and data operations out of inner loops. The third was eliminating unnecessary data copying. The nature of these inefficiencies is language dependent. Memory operations The semantics of C make it difficult for the compiler to determine all the invariant memory operations in a loop. The problem is particularly acute for loops in functions since the compiler may not know the values of the function's parameters at every call site when compiling the function. Most compilers support pragmas to help resolve ambiguities; however, these pragmas are not comprehensive and there is no standard syntax. To guarantee that invariant memory operations are not executed repetitively, the user has little choice but to hoist the operations by hand. The problem is not as severe in Fortran programs because in the absence of equivalence statements, it is a violation of the language's semantics for two names to share memory. Codes 3 and 5 are C programs. In both cases, the compiler did not hoist all invariant memory operations from inner loops. Consider the following loop from code 3 for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { i = 0; for (u = 0; u < NU; u++) { for (k = 0; k < NK[u]; k++) { dW[y][u][k] += delta[y] * I1[i++]; } } } Since dW[y][u] can point to the same memory space as delta for one or more values of y and u, assignment to dW[y][u][k] may change the value of delta[y]. In reality, dW and delta do not overlap in memory, so I rewrote the loop as for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { i = 0; Dy = delta[y]; for (u = 0; u < NU; u++) { for (k = 0; k < NK[u]; k++) { dW[y][u][k] += Dy * I1[i++]; } } } Failure to hoist invariant memory operations may be due to complex address calculations. If the compiler can not determine that the address calculation is invariant, then it can hoist neither the calculation nor the associated memory operations. As noted above, code 5 uses a macro to address four-dimensional arrays #define MAT4D(a,q,i,j,k) (double *)((a)->data + (q)*(a)->strides[0] + (i)*(a)->strides[3] + (j)*(a)->strides[2] + (k)*(a)->strides[1]) The macro is too complex for the compiler to understand and so, it does not identify any subexpressions as loop invariant. The simplest way to eliminate the address calculation from the innermost loop (over i) is to define a0 = MAT4D(a,q,0,j,k) before the loop and then replace all instances of *MAT4D(a,q,i,j,k) in the loop with a0[i] A similar problem appears in code 6, a Fortran program. The key loop in this program is do n1 = 1, nh nx1 = (n1 - 1) / nz + 1 nz1 = n1 - nz * (nx1 - 1) do n2 = 1, nh nx2 = (n2 - 1) / nz + 1 nz2 = n2 - nz * (nx2 - 1) ndx = nx2 - nx1 ndy = nz2 - nz1 gxx = grn(1,ndx,ndy) gyy = grn(2,ndx,ndy) gxy = grn(3,ndx,ndy) balance(n1,1) = balance(n1,1) + (force(n2,1) * gxx + force(n2,2) * gxy) * h1 balance(n1,2) = balance(n1,2) + (force(n2,1) * gxy + force(n2,2) * gyy)*h1 end do end do The programmer has written this loop well—there are no loop invariant operations with respect to n1 and n2. However, the loop resides within an iterative loop over time and the index calculations are independent with respect to time. Trading space for time, I precomputed the index values prior to the entering the time loop and stored the values in two arrays. I then replaced the index calculations with reads of the arrays. Data operations Ways to reduce data operations can appear in many forms. Implementing a more efficient algorithm produces the biggest gains. The closest I came to an algorithm change was in code 4. This code computes the inner product of K-vectors A(i) and B(j), 0 = i < N, 0 = j < M, for most values of i and j. Since the program computes most of the NM possible inner products, it is more efficient to compute all the inner products in one triply-nested loop rather than one at a time when needed. The savings accrue from reading A(i) once for all B(j) vectors and from loop unrolling. for (i = 0; i < N; i+=8) { for (j = 0; j < M; j++) { sum0 = 0.0; sum1 = 0.0; sum2 = 0.0; sum3 = 0.0; sum4 = 0.0; sum5 = 0.0; sum6 = 0.0; sum7 = 0.0; for (k = 0; k < K; k++) { sum0 += A[i+0][k] * B[j][k]; sum1 += A[i+1][k] * B[j][k]; sum2 += A[i+2][k] * B[j][k]; sum3 += A[i+3][k] * B[j][k]; sum4 += A[i+4][k] * B[j][k]; sum5 += A[i+5][k] * B[j][k]; sum6 += A[i+6][k] * B[j][k]; sum7 += A[i+7][k] * B[j][k]; } C[i+0][j] = sum0; C[i+1][j] = sum1; C[i+2][j] = sum2; C[i+3][j] = sum3; C[i+4][j] = sum4; C[i+5][j] = sum5; C[i+6][j] = sum6; C[i+7][j] = sum7; }} This change requires knowledge of a typical run; i.e., that most inner products are computed. The reasons for the change, however, derive from basic optimization concepts. It is the type of change easily made at development time by a knowledgeable programmer. In code 5, we have the data version of the index optimization in code 6. Here a very expensive computation is a function of the loop indices and so cannot be hoisted out of the loop; however, the computation is invariant with respect to an outer iterative loop over time. We can compute its value for each iteration of the computation loop prior to entering the time loop and save the values in an array. The increase in memory required to store the values is small in comparison to the large savings in time. The main loop in Code 8 is doubly nested. The inner loop includes a series of guarded computations; some are a function of the inner loop index but not the outer loop index while others are a function of the outer loop index but not the inner loop index for (j = 0; j < N; j++) { for (i = 0; i < M; i++) { r = i * hrmax; R = A[j]; temp = (PRM[3] == 0.0) ? 1.0 : pow(r, PRM[3]); high = temp * kcoeff * B[j] * PRM[2] * PRM[4]; low = high * PRM[6] * PRM[6] / (1.0 + pow(PRM[4] * PRM[6], 2.0)); kap = (R > PRM[6]) ? high * R * R / (1.0 + pow(PRM[4]*r, 2.0) : low * pow(R/PRM[6], PRM[5]); < rest of loop omitted > }} Note that the value of temp is invariant to j. Thus, we can hoist the computation for temp out of the loop and save its values in an array. for (i = 0; i < M; i++) { r = i * hrmax; TEMP[i] = pow(r, PRM[3]); } [N.B. – the case for PRM[3] = 0 is omitted and will be reintroduced later.] We now hoist out of the inner loop the computations invariant to i. Since the conditional guarding the value of kap is invariant to i, it behooves us to hoist the computation out of the inner loop, thereby executing the guard once rather than M times. The final version of the code is for (j = 0; j < N; j++) { R = rig[j] / 1000.; tmp1 = kcoeff * par[2] * beta[j] * par[4]; tmp2 = 1.0 + (par[4] * par[4] * par[6] * par[6]); tmp3 = 1.0 + (par[4] * par[4] * R * R); tmp4 = par[6] * par[6] / tmp2; tmp5 = R * R / tmp3; tmp6 = pow(R / par[6], par[5]); if ((par[3] == 0.0) && (R > par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * tmp5; } else if ((par[3] == 0.0) && (R <= par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * tmp4 * tmp6; } else if ((par[3] != 0.0) && (R > par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * TEMP[i] * tmp5; } else if ((par[3] != 0.0) && (R <= par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * TEMP[i] * tmp4 * tmp6; } for (i = 0; i < M; i++) { kap = KAP[i]; r = i * hrmax; < rest of loop omitted > } } Maybe not the prettiest piece of code, but certainly much more efficient than the original loop, Copy operations Several programs unnecessarily copy data from one data structure to another. This problem occurs in both Fortran and C programs, although it manifests itself differently in the two languages. Code 1 declares two arrays—one for old values and one for new values. At the end of each iteration, the array of new values is copied to the array of old values to reset the data structures for the next iteration. This problem occurs in Fortran programs not included in this study and in both Fortran 77 and Fortran 90 code. Introducing pointers to the arrays and swapping pointer values is an obvious way to eliminate the copying; but pointers is not a feature that many Fortran programmers know well or are comfortable using. An easy solution not involving pointers is to extend the dimension of the value array by 1 and use the last dimension to differentiate between arrays at different times. For example, if the data space is N x N, declare the array (N, N, 2). Then store the problem’s initial values in (_, _, 2) and define the scalar names new = 2 and old = 1. At the start of each iteration, swap old and new to reset the arrays. The old–new copy problem did not appear in any C program. In programs that had new and old values, the code swapped pointers to reset data structures. Where unnecessary coping did occur is in structure assignment and parameter passing. Structures in C are handled much like scalars. Assignment causes the data space of the right-hand name to be copied to the data space of the left-hand name. Similarly, when a structure is passed to a function, the data space of the actual parameter is copied to the data space of the formal parameter. If the structure is large and the assignment or function call is in an inner loop, then copying costs can grow quite large. While none of the ten programs considered here manifested this problem, it did occur in programs not included in the study. A simple fix is always to refer to structures via pointers. Optimizing loop structures Since scientific programs spend almost all their time in loops, efficient loops are the key to good performance. Conditionals, function calls, little instruction level parallelism, and large numbers of temporary values make it difficult for the compiler to generate tightly packed, highly efficient code. Conditionals and function calls introduce jumps that disrupt code flow. Users should eliminate or isolate conditionls to their own loops as much as possible. Often logical expressions can be substituted for if-then-else statements. For example, code 2 includes the following snippet MaxDelta = 0.0 do J = 1, N do I = 1, M < code omitted > Delta = abs(OldValue ? NewValue) if (Delta > MaxDelta) MaxDelta = Delta enddo enddo if (MaxDelta .gt. 0.001) goto 200 Since the only use of MaxDelta is to control the jump to 200 and all that matters is whether or not it is greater than 0.001, I made MaxDelta a boolean and rewrote the snippet as MaxDelta = .false. do J = 1, N do I = 1, M < code omitted > Delta = abs(OldValue ? NewValue) MaxDelta = MaxDelta .or. (Delta .gt. 0.001) enddo enddo if (MaxDelta) goto 200 thereby, eliminating the conditional expression from the inner loop. A microprocessor can execute many instructions per instruction cycle. Typically, it can execute one or more memory, floating point, integer, and jump operations. To be executed simultaneously, the operations must be independent. Thick loops tend to have more instruction level parallelism than thin loops. Moreover, they reduce memory traffice by maximizing data reuse. Loop unrolling and loop fusion are two techniques to increase the size of loop bodies. Several of the codes studied benefitted from loop unrolling, but none benefitted from loop fusion. This observation is not too surpising since it is the general tendency of programmers to write thick loops. As loops become thicker, the number of temporary values grows, increasing register pressure. If registers spill, then memory traffic increases and code flow is disrupted. A thick loop with many temporary values may execute slower than an equivalent series of thin loops. The biggest gain will be achieved if the thick loop can be split into a series of independent loops eliminating the need to write and read temporary arrays. I found such an occasion in code 10 where I split the loop do i = 1, n do j = 1, m A24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U25(j,i) B24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U24(j,i) A25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * C24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V24(j,i) B25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * U25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V25(j,i) C24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T26(j,i) + S27(j,i) * U26(j,i) D24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T27(j,i) + S27(j,i) * V26(j,i) C25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * S28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * U28(j,i) D25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * T28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * V28(j,i) end do end do into two disjoint loops do i = 1, n do j = 1, m A24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U25(j,i) B24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U24(j,i) A25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * C24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V24(j,i) B25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * U25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V25(j,i) end do end do do i = 1, n do j = 1, m C24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T26(j,i) + S27(j,i) * U26(j,i) D24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T27(j,i) + S27(j,i) * V26(j,i) C25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * S28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * U28(j,i) D25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * T28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * V28(j,i) end do end do Conclusions Over the course of the last year, I have had the opportunity to work with over two dozen academic scientific programmers at leading research universities. Their research interests span a broad range of scientific fields. Except for two programs that relied almost exclusively on library routines (matrix multiply and fast Fourier transform), I was able to improve significantly the single processor performance of all codes. Improvements range from 2x to 15.5x with a simple average of 4.75x. Changes to the source code were at a very high level. I did not use sophisticated techniques or programming tools to discover inefficiencies or effect the changes. Only one code was parallel despite the availability of parallel systems to all developers. Clearly, we have a problem—personal scientific research codes are highly inefficient and not running parallel. The developers are unaware of simple optimization techniques to make programs run faster. They lack education in the art of code optimization and parallel programming. I do not believe we can fix the problem by publishing additional books or training manuals. To date, the developers in questions have not studied the books or manual available, and are unlikely to do so in the future. Short courses are a possible solution, but I believe they are too concentrated to be much use. The general concepts can be taught in a three or four day course, but that is not enough time for students to practice what they learn and acquire the experience to apply and extend the concepts to their codes. Practice is the key to becoming proficient at optimization. I recommend that graduate students be required to take a semester length course in optimization and parallel programming. We would never give someone access to state-of-the-art scientific equipment costing hundreds of thousands of dollars without first requiring them to demonstrate that they know how to use the equipment. Yet the criterion for time on state-of-the-art supercomputers is at most an interesting project. Requestors are never asked to demonstrate that they know how to use the system, or can use the system effectively. A semester course would teach them the required skills. Government agencies that fund academic scientific research pay for most of the computer systems supporting scientific research as well as the development of most personal scientific codes. These agencies should require graduate schools to offer a course in optimization and parallel programming as a requirement for funding. About the Author John Feo received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from The University of Texas at Austin in 1986. After graduate school, Dr. Feo worked at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory where he was the Group Leader of the Computer Research Group and principal investigator of the Sisal Language Project. In 1997, Dr. Feo joined Tera Computer Company where he was project manager for the MTA, and oversaw the programming and evaluation of the MTA at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. In 2000, Dr. Feo joined Sun Microsystems as an HPC application specialist. He works with university research groups to optimize and parallelize scientific codes. Dr. Feo has published over two dozen research articles in the areas of parallel parallel programming, parallel programming languages, and application performance.

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• cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-01036: illegal variable name/number

  - by Joao Figueiredo

  I've a cron scheduled query which is failing with, File "./run_ora_query.py", line 69, in db_lookup cursor.execute(query, dict(time_key=time_key) ) cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-01036: illegal variable name/number where >>> dict(time_key=time_key) {'time_key': '12/10/2012 19:12:00'} I'm using a .yaml file to update the last time_key after each query runs, where the relevant parameters are, {query: 'select session_mode, inst_id, user_name, schema_name, os_user, process_id, process_mb_use, process_name, to_char(datet,''dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi'') as DATETIME from os_admin.mem_usage where data > TO_DATE(:time_key,''dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'') order by datet, inst_id, os_user', time_key: '12/10/2012 19:12:00'} Where is the culprit for this error?

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• filter data between 2 dates in crystal report vb.net

  - by irienaoki0407

  I need some help for creating Crystal Reports in VB 2005. I want to filter data between two dates (like from date and to date) with datetimepicker. I'm using SQL Server 2000 for the connection. Update: Thanks for the link, but I'm trying using record selection formula.... Here's my code: Try Dim cryRpt As New ReportDocument With cryRpt .FileName = ("C:\Documents and Settings\Ratna Ayu\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects\Denda\Denda\CrystalReport1.rpt") .RecordSelectionFormula = "{pinjam.tglkembali}>='" & DateTimePicker1.Value.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy") & "' and {pinjam.tglkembali} =<'" & DateTimePicker2.Value.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy") & "'" End With CrystalReportViewer1.ReportSource = cryRpt CrystalReportViewer1.Refresh() Catch ex As Exception MsgBox("tdk ada data", , "") End Try

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• Convert a Julian Date to Regular Calendar Date

  - by Mark Acosta

  How do I convert a 7-digit julian date into a format like MM/dd/yyy?

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• to_date in MS SQL Server 2005

  - by Chin

  Does any one know how I would have to change the following to work with ms sql? WHERE registrationDate between to_date ('2003/01/01', 'yyyy/mm/dd') AND to_date ('2003/12/31', 'yyyy/mm/dd'); What I have read implies I would have to construct it using DATEPART() which could become very long winded. Especially when the goal would be to compare on dates which I receive in the following format "2003-12-30 10:07:42". It would be nice to pass them off to the database as is. Any pointers appreciated.

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• BlackBerry Simulator & BIS Push Service

  - by Submerged

  I am hoping that someone knows if you can use RIMM's push service with BIS WITHOUT a hand held device. I have registered for the push evaluation and I want to program a push server that will send out notifications to BB clients. I got my email this morning containing: Server: Application: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Pwd: xxxXXXXX CPID (Content Provider ID):xxx Start Date (MM/DD/YYYY): X/X/XXXX Expiry Date (MM/DD/YYYY):X/X/XXXX First Name:XXXXXXX Last Name:XXXXX Email:[email protected] Account Type:Plus Source IP:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Usage:BIS AND Client: Application Credentials (for use in your client application): Application ID:XXX-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Push Port:xxxxx I am hoping someone can tell me where to get started - as an iPhone developer, I have to say, there is much more information. Lastly, if I DO need a device, does that device have to have a dataplan? I wanted to be able to serve my clients from WiFi as well, does the BB push system work only on Cell networks? Thank you

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• C# LINQ Oracle date Functions

  - by user1079925

  I am trying to generate a sql statement to be used in Oracle11g, using linq. The problem arises when using dates: The SQL generated by linq gives SELECT * FROM <table> WHERE start_date > '24/11/2012 00:00:00' and end_date < '28/11/2012 00:00:00' This causes an oracle error: ORA-01830 - date format picture ends before converting entire input string Adding TO_DATE to the query fixes the ORA-01830, as it is converting the string to a oracle date whilst now knowing the date format. SELECT * FROM <table> WHERE start_date > TO_DATE('24/11/2012 00:00:00','DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') and end_date < TO_DATE('28/11/2012 00:00:00','DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS') So, is there a way to add TO_DATE to LINQ (for oracle)? If not, please tell me how to work around this issue. Thanks

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• UnboundLocalError: local variable 'rows' referenced before assignment

  - by patrick

  i'm trying to make a database connection by an other script. But the script didn't work propperly. and if I do a 'print' on the rows then I get the value 'null' But if I use a 'select * from incidents' query then i get the result from the table incidents. import database rows = database.database("INSERT INTO incidents VALUES(3 ,'test_title1', 'test', TO_DATE('25-07-2012', 'DD-MM-YYYY'), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'sector', 50, 60)") #print database.database() print rows database.py script: import psycopg2 import sys import logfile def database(query): logfile.log(20, 'database.py', 'Executing...') con = None try: con = psycopg2.connect(database='incidents', user='ipfit5', password='tester') cur = con.cursor() #print query cur.execute(query) rows = cur.fetchall() con.commit() #test row does work #cur.execute("INSERT INTO incidents VALUES(3 ,'test_titel1', 'test', TO_DATE('25-07-2012', 'DD-MM-YYYY'), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'sector', 50, 60)") except: logfile.log(40, 'database.py', 'Er is iets mis gegaan') logfile.log(40, 'database.py', str(sys.exc_info())) finally: if con: con.close() return rows

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• JodaTime DateFormatter to display milliseconds if nonzero

  - by Mike

  I want to display a list of dates that may or may not have milliseconds on them. If a certain entry has milliseconds, then it should be displayed like yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss.SSS. If it doesn't have the millis, I need it displayed as yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss. I suppose the general question is: Is there a way to describe an optional format string parameter? (I'd like to avoid refactoring all of the places that I use formatters since this is a large code base.)

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• getting database connectivity issue from only one part of my ASP.net project?

  - by Greg

  Hi, Something weird has started happening to my project with Dynamic Data. Suddenly I am now getting connection errors when going to the DD navigation pages, but things work fine on the default DD main page, and also other MVC pages I've added in myself work fine to the database. Any ideas? So in summary if I go to the following web pages: custom URL for my custom controller - this works fine, including getting database data main DD page from root URL - this works fine click on a link to a table maintenance page from the main DD page - GET DATABASE CONNECTIVITY ERROR Some items: * I'm using SQL Server Express 2008 * Doesn't seem to be any debug/error info in VS2010 at all I can see * Web config entry: <add name="Model1Container" connectionString="metadata=res://*/Model1.csdl|res://*/Model1.ssdl|res://*/Model1.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;Data Source=GREG\SQLEXPRESS_2008;Initial Catalog=greg_development;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient"/> Error: Server Error in '/' Application. A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified) Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified) Source Error: Line 39: DropDownList1.Items.Add(new ListItem("[Not Set]", NullValueString)); Line 40: } Line 41: PopulateListControl(DropDownList1); Line 42: // Set the initial value if there is one Line 43: string initialValue = DefaultValue; Source File: U:\My Dropbox\source\ToplogyLibrary\Topology_Web_Dynamic\DynamicData\Filters\ForeignKey.ascx.cs Line: 41 Stack Trace: [SqlException (0x80131904): A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SQL Network Interfaces, error: 26 - Error Locating Server/Instance Specified)] System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) +5009598 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning() +234 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Connect(ServerInfo serverInfo, SqlInternalConnectionTds connHandler, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, Int64 timerExpire, Boolean encrypt, Boolean trustServerCert, Boolean integratedSecurity) +341 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.AttemptOneLogin(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, TimeoutTimer timeout, SqlConnection owningObject) +129 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.LoginNoFailover(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, TimeoutTimer timeout) +239 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.OpenLoginEnlist(SqlConnection owningObject, TimeoutTimer timeout, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) +195 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds..ctor(DbConnectionPoolIdentity identity, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Object providerInfo, String newPassword, SqlConnection owningObject, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) +232 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningConnection) +185 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreatePooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnectionOptions options) +33 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.CreateObject(DbConnection owningObject) +524 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.UserCreateRequest(DbConnection owningObject) +66 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.GetConnection(DbConnection owningObject) +479 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.GetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection) +108 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.OpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory) +126 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.Open() +125 System.Data.EntityClient.EntityConnection.OpenStoreConnectionIf(Boolean openCondition, DbConnection storeConnectionToOpen, DbConnection originalConnection, String exceptionCode, String attemptedOperation, Boolean& closeStoreConnectionOnFailure) +52 [EntityException: The underlying provider failed on Open.] System.Data.EntityClient.EntityConnection.OpenStoreConnectionIf(Boolean openCondition, DbConnection storeConnectionToOpen, DbConnection originalConnection, String exceptionCode, String attemptedOperation, Boolean& closeStoreConnectionOnFailure) +161 System.Data.EntityClient.EntityConnection.Open() +98 System.Data.Objects.ObjectContext.EnsureConnection() +81 System.Data.Objects.ObjectQuery`1.GetResults(Nullable`1 forMergeOption) +46 System.Data.Objects.ObjectQuery`1.System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() +44 System.Data.Objects.ObjectQuery`1.GetEnumeratorInternal() +36 System.Data.Objects.ObjectQuery.System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() +10 System.Web.DynamicData.Misc.FillListItemCollection(IMetaTable table, ListItemCollection listItemCollection) +50 System.Web.DynamicData.QueryableFilterUserControl.PopulateListControl(ListControl listControl) +85 Topology_Web_Dynamic.ForeignKeyFilter.Page_Init(Object sender, EventArgs e) in U:\My Dropbox\source\ToplogyLibrary\Topology_Web_Dynamic\DynamicData\Filters\ForeignKey.ascx.cs:41 System.Web.Util.CalliHelper.EventArgFunctionCaller(IntPtr fp, Object o, Object t, EventArgs e) +14 System.Web.Util.CalliEventHandlerDelegateProxy.Callback(Object sender, EventArgs e) +35 System.Web.UI.Control.OnInit(EventArgs e) +91 System.Web.UI.UserControl.OnInit(EventArgs e) +83 System.Web.UI.Control.InitRecursive(Control namingContainer) +140 System.Web.UI.Control.AddedControl(Control control, Int32 index) +197 System.Web.UI.ControlCollection.Add(Control child) +79 System.Web.DynamicData.DynamicFilter.EnsureInit(IQueryableDataSource dataSource) +200 System.Web.DynamicData.QueryableFilterRepeater.<Page_InitComplete>b__1(DynamicFilter f) +11 System.Collections.Generic.List`1.ForEach(Action`1 action) +145 System.Web.DynamicData.QueryableFilterRepeater.Page_InitComplete(Object sender, EventArgs e) +607 System.EventHandler.Invoke(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0 System.Web.UI.Page.OnInitComplete(EventArgs e) +8871862 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +604 Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:4.0.30319; ASP.NET Version:4.0.30319.1

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• Oracle SELECT TOP 10 records

  - by ArneRie

  Hi, i have an big problem with an SQL Statement in Oracle. I want to select The TOP 10 Records ordered by STORAGE_DB wich arent in a list from an other select statement. This one works fine for all records: SELECT DISTINCT APP_ID, NAME, STORAGE_GB, HISTORY_CREATED, TO_CHAR(HISTORY_DATE, 'DD.MM.YYYY') AS HISTORY_DATE FROM HISTORY WHERE STORAGE_GB IS NOT NULL AND APP_ID NOT IN (SELECT APP_ID FROM HISTORY WHERE TO_CHAR(HISTORY_DATE, 'DD.MM.YYYY') = '06.02.2009') But when i am adding AND ROWNUM <= 10 ORDER BY STORAGE_GB DESC im getting some kind of "random" Records. I think because the limit takes in place before the order. Does someone has an good solution? The other problem: This query is realy slow (10k+ records)

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• asp.net rangevalidator for calendar extender entries gives problems in safari

  - by Robin Baralla

  Hi there, I have the following scenario: arrival and departure dates have to be selected on a form, through 2 textboxes with a calendar extender each. I validate the entries to check that no date before today is selected and to check that the departure is after the arrival. I used a rangevalidator and a comparevalidator. In IE, Firefox and Opera it is working fine, in Safari (on windows) however both the validators go off even on entries that should be accepted. It makes me suspect that the date format dd/MM/yyyy causes trouble for Safari. (the dd/MMMM/yyyy also gave the same troubles in the other browsers, probably due to the dependency on UIculture) The code is:   The range validator gets its values in code behind on Page_load RangeValidator1.MinimumValue = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1).ToShortDateString(); RangeValidator1.MaximumValue = DateTime.Now.AddMonths(12).ToShortDateString(); Does anybody have any suggestions on how to solve this problem with safari? best regards, Robin

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• Date only from TextBoxFor()

  - by thekronos

  Hello, I'm having trouble displaying the only date part of a datetime into a textbox using TextBoxFor<,(expression, htmlAttributes). The model is based on Linq2SQL, field is a DateTime on SQL and in the Entity model. Failed : <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.dtArrivalDate, String.Format("{0:dd/MM/yyyy}", Model.dtArrivalDate))%> Ps : this trick seems to be depreciated, any string value in the object htmlAttribute is ignored. Failed : [DisplayFormat( DataFormatString= "{0:dd/MM/yyyy}" )] public string dtArrivalDate { get; set; } I would like to store and display the date part only on the details/edit view without the "00:00:00" part. Any idea please ? Merry Chrismas from France to all by the way ;-)

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• Search multiple datepicker on same grid

  - by DHF

  I'm using multiple datepicker on same grid and I face the problem to get a proper result. I used 3 datepicker in 1 grid. Only the first datepicker (Order Date)is able to output proper result while the other 2 datepicker (Start Date & End Date) are not able to generate proper result. There is no problem with the query, so could you find out what's going on here? Thanks in advance! php wrapper <?php ob_start(); require_once 'config.php'; // include the jqGrid Class require_once "php/jqGrid.php"; // include the PDO driver class require_once "php/jqGridPdo.php"; // include the datepicker require_once "php/jqCalendar.php"; // Connection to the server $conn = new PDO(DB_DSN,DB_USER,DB_PASSWORD); // Tell the db that we use utf-8 $conn->query("SET NAMES utf8"); // Create the jqGrid instance $grid = new jqGridRender($conn); // Write the SQL Query $grid->SelectCommand = "SELECT c.CompanyID, c.CompanyCode, c.CompanyName, c.Area, o.OrderCode, o.Date, m.maID ,m.System, m.Status, m.StartDate, m.EndDate, m.Type FROM company c, orders o, maintenance_agreement m WHERE c.CompanyID = o.CompanyID AND o.OrderID = m.OrderID "; // Set the table to where you update the data $grid->table = 'maintenance_agreement'; // set the ouput format to json $grid->dataType = 'json'; // Let the grid create the model $grid->setPrimaryKeyId('maID'); // Let the grid create the model $grid->setColModel(); // Set the url from where we obtain the data $grid->setUrl('grouping_ma_details.php'); // Set grid caption using the option caption $grid->setGridOptions(array( "sortable"=>true, "rownumbers"=>true, "caption"=>"Group by Maintenance Agreement", "rowNum"=>20, "height"=>'auto', "width"=>1300, "sortname"=>"maID", "hoverrows"=>true, "rowList"=>array(10,20,50), "footerrow"=>false, "userDataOnFooter"=>false, "grouping"=>true, "groupingView"=>array( "groupField" => array('CompanyName'), "groupColumnShow" => array(true), //show or hide area column "groupText" =>array('<b> Company Name: {0}</b>',), "groupDataSorted" => true, "groupSummary" => array(true) ) )); if(isset($_SESSION['login_admin'])) { $grid->addCol(array( "name"=>"Action", "formatter"=>"actions", "editable"=>false, "sortable"=>false, "resizable"=>false, "fixed"=>true, "width"=>60, "formatoptions"=>array("keys"=>true), "search"=>false ), "first"); } // Change some property of the field(s) $grid->setColProperty("CompanyID", array("label"=>"ID","hidden"=>true,"width"=>30,"editable"=>false,"editoptions"=>array("readonly"=>"readonly"))); $grid->setColProperty("CompanyName", array("label"=>"Company Name","hidden"=>true,"editable"=>false,"width"=>150,"align"=>"center","fixed"=>true)); $grid->setColProperty("CompanyCode", array("label"=>"Company Code","hidden"=>true,"width"=>50,"align"=>"center")); $grid->setColProperty("OrderCode", array("label"=>"Order Code","width"=>110,"editable"=>false,"align"=>"center","fixed"=>true)); $grid->setColProperty("maID", array("hidden"=>true)); $grid->setColProperty("System", array("width"=>150,"fixed"=>true,"align"=>"center")); $grid->setColProperty("Type", array("width"=>280,"fixed"=>true)); $grid->setColProperty("Status", array("width"=>70,"align"=>"center","edittype"=>"select","editoptions"=>array("value"=>"Yes:Yes;No:No"),"fixed"=>true)); $grid->setSelect('System', "SELECT DISTINCT System, System AS System FROM master_ma_system ORDER BY System", false, true, true, array(""=>"All")); $grid->setSelect('Type', "SELECT DISTINCT Type, Type AS Type FROM master_ma_type ORDER BY Type", false, true, true, array(""=>"All")); $grid->setColProperty("StartDate", array("label"=>"Start Date","width"=>120,"align"=>"center","fixed"=>true, "formatter"=>"date", "formatoptions"=>array("srcformat"=>"Y-m-d H:i:s","newformat"=>"d M Y") )); // this is only in this case since the orderdate is set as date time $grid->setUserTime("d M Y"); $grid->setUserDate("d M Y"); $grid->setDatepicker("StartDate",array("buttonOnly"=>false)); $grid->datearray = array('StartDate'); $grid->setColProperty("EndDate", array("label"=>"End Date","width"=>120,"align"=>"center","fixed"=>true, "formatter"=>"date", "formatoptions"=>array("srcformat"=>"Y-m-d H:i:s","newformat"=>"d M Y") )); // this is only in this case since the orderdate is set as date time $grid->setUserTime("d M Y"); $grid->setUserDate("d M Y"); $grid->setDatepicker("EndDate",array("buttonOnly"=>false)); $grid->datearray = array('EndDate'); $grid->setColProperty("Date", array("label"=>"Order Date","width"=>100,"editable"=>false,"align"=>"center","fixed"=>true, "formatter"=>"date", "formatoptions"=>array("srcformat"=>"Y-m-d H:i:s","newformat"=>"d M Y") )); // this is only in this case since the orderdate is set as date time $grid->setUserTime("d M Y"); $grid->setUserDate("d M Y"); $grid->setDatepicker("Date",array("buttonOnly"=>false)); $grid->datearray = array('Date'); // This command is executed after edit $maID = jqGridUtils::GetParam('maID'); $Status = jqGridUtils::GetParam('Status'); $StartDate = jqGridUtils::GetParam('StartDate'); $EndDate = jqGridUtils::GetParam('EndDate'); $Type = jqGridUtils::GetParam('Type'); // This command is executed immediatley after edit occur. $grid->setAfterCrudAction('edit', "UPDATE maintenance_agreement SET m.Status=?, m.StartDate=?, m.EndDate=?, m.Type=? WHERE m.maID=?", array($Status,$StartDate,$EndDate,$Type,$maID)); $selectorder = <<<ORDER function(rowid, selected) { if(rowid != null) { jQuery("#detail").jqGrid('setGridParam',{postData:{CompanyID:rowid}}); jQuery("#detail").trigger("reloadGrid"); // Enable CRUD buttons in navigator when a row is selected jQuery("#add_detail").removeClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#edit_detail").removeClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#del_detail").removeClass("ui-state-disabled"); } } ORDER; // We should clear the grid data on second grid on sorting, paging, etc. $cleargrid = <<<CLEAR function(rowid, selected) { // clear the grid data and footer data jQuery("#detail").jqGrid('clearGridData',true); // Disable CRUD buttons in navigator when a row is not selected jQuery("#add_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#edit_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#del_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); } CLEAR; $grid->setGridEvent('onSelectRow', $selectorder); $grid->setGridEvent('onSortCol', $cleargrid); $grid->setGridEvent('onPaging', $cleargrid); $grid->setColProperty("Area", array("width"=>100,"hidden"=>false,"editable"=>false,"fixed"=>true)); $grid->setColProperty("HeadCount", array("label"=>"Head Count","align"=>"center", "width"=>100,"hidden"=>false,"fixed"=>true)); $grid->setSelect('Area', "SELECT DISTINCT AreaName, AreaName AS Area FROM master_area ORDER BY AreaName", false, true, true, array(""=>"All")); $grid->setSelect('CompanyName', "SELECT DISTINCT CompanyName, CompanyName AS CompanyName FROM company ORDER BY CompanyName", false, true, true, array(""=>"All")); $custom = <<<CUSTOM jQuery("#getselected").click(function(){ var selr = jQuery('#grid').jqGrid('getGridParam','selrow'); if(selr) { window.open('http://www.smartouch-cdms.com/order.php?CompanyID='+selr); } else alert("No selected row"); return false; }); CUSTOM; $grid->setJSCode($custom); // Enable toolbar searching $grid->toolbarfilter = true; $grid->setFilterOptions(array("stringResult"=>true,"searchOnEnter"=>false,"defaultSearch"=>"cn")); // Enable navigator $grid->navigator = true; // disable the delete operation programatically for that table $grid->del = false; // we need to write some custom code when we are in delete mode. // get the grid operation parameter to see if we are in delete mode // jqGrid sends the "oper" parameter to identify the needed action $deloper = $_POST['oper']; // det the company id $cid = $_POST['CompanyID']; // if the operation is del and the companyid is set if($deloper == 'del' && isset($cid) ) { // the two tables are linked via CompanyID, so let try to delete the records in both tables try { jqGridDB::beginTransaction($conn); $comp = jqGridDB::prepare($conn, "DELETE FROM company WHERE CompanyID= ?", array($cid)); $cont = jqGridDB::prepare($conn,"DELETE FROM contact WHERE CompanyID = ?", array($cid)); jqGridDB::execute($comp); jqGridDB::execute($cont); jqGridDB::commit($conn); } catch(Exception $e) { jqGridDB::rollBack($conn); echo $e->getMessage(); } } // Enable only deleting if(isset($_SESSION['login_admin'])) { $grid->setNavOptions('navigator', array("pdf"=>true, "excel"=>true,"add"=>false,"edit"=>true,"del"=>false,"view"=>true, "search"=>true)); } else $grid->setNavOptions('navigator', array("pdf"=>true, "excel"=>true,"add"=>false,"edit"=>false,"del"=>false,"view"=>true, "search"=>true)); // In order to enable the more complex search we should set multipleGroup option // Also we need show query roo $grid->setNavOptions('search', array( "multipleGroup"=>false, "showQuery"=>true )); // Set different filename $grid->exportfile = 'Company.xls'; // Close the dialog after editing $grid->setNavOptions('edit',array("closeAfterEdit"=>true,"editCaption"=>"Update Company","bSubmit"=>"Update","dataheight"=>"auto")); $grid->setNavOptions('add',array("closeAfterAdd"=>true,"addCaption"=>"Add New Company","bSubmit"=>"Update","dataheight"=>"auto")); $grid->setNavOptions('view',array("Caption"=>"View Company","dataheight"=>"auto","width"=>"1100")); ob_end_clean(); //solve TCPDF error // Enjoy $grid->renderGrid('#grid','#pager',true, null, null, true,true); $conn = null; ?> javascript code jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { jQuery('#grid').jqGrid({ "width": 1300, "hoverrows": true, "viewrecords": true, "jsonReader": { "repeatitems": false, "subgrid": { "repeatitems": false } }, "xmlReader": { "repeatitems": false, "subgrid": { "repeatitems": false } }, "gridview": true, "url": "session_ma_details.php", "editurl": "session_ma_details.php", "cellurl": "session_ma_details.php", "sortable": true, "rownumbers": true, "caption": "Group by Maintenance Agreement", "rowNum": 20, "height": "auto", "sortname": "maID", "rowList": [10, 20, 50], "footerrow": false, "userDataOnFooter": false, "grouping": true, "groupingView": { "groupField": ["CompanyName"], "groupColumnShow": [false], "groupText": ["<b> Company Name: {0}</b>"], "groupDataSorted": true, "groupSummary": [true] }, "onSelectRow": function (rowid, selected) { if (rowid != null) { jQuery("#detail").jqGrid('setGridParam', { postData: { CompanyID: rowid } }); jQuery("#detail").trigger("reloadGrid"); // Enable CRUD buttons in navigator when a row is selected jQuery("#add_detail").removeClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#edit_detail").removeClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#del_detail").removeClass("ui-state-disabled"); } }, "onSortCol": function (rowid, selected) { // clear the grid data and footer data jQuery("#detail").jqGrid('clearGridData', true); // Disable CRUD buttons in navigator when a row is not selected jQuery("#add_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#edit_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#del_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); }, "onPaging": function (rowid, selected) { // clear the grid data and footer data jQuery("#detail").jqGrid('clearGridData', true); // Disable CRUD buttons in navigator when a row is not selected jQuery("#add_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#edit_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); jQuery("#del_detail").addClass("ui-state-disabled"); }, "datatype": "json", "colModel": [ { "name": "Action", "formatter": "actions", "editable": false, "sortable": false, "resizable": false, "fixed": true, "width": 60, "formatoptions": { "keys": true }, "search": false }, { "name": "CompanyID", "index": "CompanyID", "sorttype": "int", "label": "ID", "hidden": true, "width": 30, "editable": false, "editoptions": { "readonly": "readonly" } }, { "name": "CompanyCode", "index": "CompanyCode", "sorttype": "string", "label": "Company Code", "hidden": true, "width": 50, "align": "center", "editable": true }, { "name": "CompanyName", "index": "CompanyName", "sorttype": "string", "label": "Company Name", "hidden": true, "editable": false, "width": 150, "align": "center", "fixed": true, "edittype": "select", "editoptions": { "value": "Aquatex Industries:Aquatex Industries;Benithem Sdn Bhd:Benithem Sdn Bhd;Daily Bakery Sdn Bhd:Daily Bakery Sdn Bhd;Eurocor Asia Sdn Bhd:Eurocor Asia Sdn Bhd;Evergrown Technology:Evergrown Technology;Goldpar Precision:Goldpar Precision;MicroSun Technologies Asia:MicroSun Technologies Asia;NCI Industries Sdn Bhd:NCI Industries Sdn Bhd;PHHP Marketing:PHHP Marketing;Smart Touch Technology:Smart Touch Technology;THOSCO Treatech:THOSCO Treatech;YHL Trading (Johor) Sdn Bhd:YHL Trading (Johor) Sdn Bhd;Zenxin Agri-Organic Food:Zenxin Agri-Organic Food", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" }, "stype": "select", "searchoptions": { "value": ":All;Aquatex Industries:Aquatex Industries;Benithem Sdn Bhd:Benithem Sdn Bhd;Daily Bakery Sdn Bhd:Daily Bakery Sdn Bhd;Eurocor Asia Sdn Bhd:Eurocor Asia Sdn Bhd;Evergrown Technology:Evergrown Technology;Goldpar Precision:Goldpar Precision;MicroSun Technologies Asia:MicroSun Technologies Asia;NCI Industries Sdn Bhd:NCI Industries Sdn Bhd;PHHP Marketing:PHHP Marketing;Smart Touch Technology:Smart Touch Technology;THOSCO Treatech:THOSCO Treatech;YHL Trading (Johor) Sdn Bhd:YHL Trading (Johor) Sdn Bhd;Zenxin Agri-Organic Food:Zenxin Agri-Organic Food", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" } }, { "name": "Area", "index": "Area", "sorttype": "string", "width": 100, "hidden": true, "editable": false, "fixed": true, "edittype": "select", "editoptions": { "value": "Cemerlang:Cemerlang;Danga Bay:Danga Bay;Kulai:Kulai;Larkin:Larkin;Masai:Masai;Nusa Cemerlang:Nusa Cemerlang;Nusajaya:Nusajaya;Pasir Gudang:Pasir Gudang;Pekan Nenas:Pekan Nenas;Permas Jaya:Permas Jaya;Pontian:Pontian;Pulai:Pulai;Senai:Senai;Skudai:Skudai;Taman Gaya:Taman Gaya;Taman Johor Jaya:Taman Johor Jaya;Taman Molek:Taman Molek;Taman Pelangi:Taman Pelangi;Taman Sentosa:Taman Sentosa;Tebrau 4:Tebrau 4;Ulu Tiram:Ulu Tiram", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" }, "stype": "select", "searchoptions": { "value": ":All;Cemerlang:Cemerlang;Danga Bay:Danga Bay;Kulai:Kulai;Larkin:Larkin;Masai:Masai;Nusa Cemerlang:Nusa Cemerlang;Nusajaya:Nusajaya;Pasir Gudang:Pasir Gudang;Pekan Nenas:Pekan Nenas;Permas Jaya:Permas Jaya;Pontian:Pontian;Pulai:Pulai;Senai:Senai;Skudai:Skudai;Taman Gaya:Taman Gaya;Taman Johor Jaya:Taman Johor Jaya;Taman Molek:Taman Molek;Taman Pelangi:Taman Pelangi;Taman Sentosa:Taman Sentosa;Tebrau 4:Tebrau 4;Ulu Tiram:Ulu Tiram", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" } }, { "name": "OrderCode", "index": "OrderCode", "sorttype": "string", "label": "Order No.", "width": 110, "editable": false, "align": "center", "fixed": true }, { "name": "Date", "index": "Date", "sorttype": "date", "label": "Order Date", "width": 100, "editable": false, "align": "center", "fixed": true, "formatter": "date", "formatoptions": { "srcformat": "Y-m-d H:i:s", "newformat": "d M Y" }, "editoptions": { "dataInit": function(el) { setTimeout(function() { if (jQuery.ui) { if (jQuery.ui.datepicker) { jQuery(el).datepicker({ "disabled": false, "dateFormat": "dd M yy" }); jQuery('.ui-datepicker').css({ 'font-size': '75%' }); } } }, 100); } }, "searchoptions": { "dataInit": function(el) { setTimeout(function() { if (jQuery.ui) { if (jQuery.ui.datepicker) { jQuery(el).datepicker({ "disabled": false, "dateFormat": "dd M yy" }); jQuery('.ui-datepicker').css({ 'font-size': '75%' }); } } }, 100); } } }, { "name": "maID", "index": "maID", "sorttype": "int", "key": true, "hidden": true, "editable": true }, { "name": "System", "index": "System", "sorttype": "string", "width": 150, "fixed": true, "align": "center", "edittype": "select", "editoptions": { "value": "Payroll:Payroll;TMS:TMS;TMS & Payroll:TMS & Payroll", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" }, "stype": "select", "searchoptions": { "value": ":All;Payroll:Payroll;TMS:TMS;TMS & Payroll:TMS & Payroll", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" }, "editable": true }, { "name": "Status", "index": "Status", "sorttype": "string", "width": 70, "align": "center", "edittype": "select", "editoptions": { "value": "Yes:Yes;No:No" }, "fixed": true, "editable": true }, { "name": "StartDate", "index": "StartDate", "sorttype": "date", "label": "Start Date", "width": 120, "align": "center", "fixed": true, "formatter": "date", "formatoptions": { "srcformat": "Y-m-d H:i:s", "newformat": "d M Y" }, "editoptions": { "dataInit": function(el) { setTimeout(function() { if (jQuery.ui) { if (jQuery.ui.datepicker) { jQuery(el).datepicker({ "disabled": false, "dateFormat": "dd M yy" }); jQuery('.ui-datepicker').css({ 'font-size': '75%' }); } } }, 100); } }, "searchoptions": { "dataInit": function(el) { setTimeout(function() { if (jQuery.ui) { if (jQuery.ui.datepicker) { jQuery(el).datepicker({ "disabled": false, "dateFormat": "dd M yy" }); jQuery('.ui-datepicker').css({ 'font-size': '75%' }); } } }, 100); } }, "editable": true }, { "name": "EndDate", "index": "EndDate", "sorttype": "date", "label": "End Date", "width": 120, "align": "center", "fixed": true, "formatter": "date", "formatoptions": { "srcformat": "Y-m-d H:i:s", "newformat": "d M Y" }, "editoptions": { "dataInit": function(el) { setTimeout(function() { if (jQuery.ui) { if (jQuery.ui.datepicker) { jQuery(el).datepicker({ "disabled": false, "dateFormat": "dd M yy" }); jQuery('.ui-datepicker').css({ 'font-size': '75%' }); } } }, 100); } }, "searchoptions": { "dataInit": function(el) { setTimeout(function() { if (jQuery.ui) { if (jQuery.ui.datepicker) { jQuery(el).datepicker({ "disabled": false, "dateFormat": "dd M yy" }); jQuery('.ui-datepicker').css({ 'font-size': '75%' }); } } }, 100); } }, "editable": true }, { "name": "Type", "index": "Type", "sorttype": "string", "width": 530, "fixed": true, "edittype": "select", "editoptions": { "value": "Comprehensive MA:Comprehensive MA;FOC service, 20% spare part discount:FOC service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 1 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 1 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 2 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 2 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 3 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 3 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 4 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 4 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 6 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 6 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, no free:Standard Package, no free", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" }, "stype": "select", "searchoptions": { "value": ":All;Comprehensive MA:Comprehensive MA;FOC service, 20% spare part discount:FOC service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 1 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 1 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 2 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 2 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 3 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 3 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 4 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 4 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, FOC 6 time service, 20% spare part discount:Standard Package, FOC 6 time service, 20% spare part discount;Standard Package, no free:Standard Package, no free", "separator": ":", "delimiter": ";" }, "editable": true } ], "postData": { "oper": "grid" }, "prmNames": { "page": "page", "rows": "rows", "sort": "sidx", "order": "sord", "search": "_search", "nd": "nd", "id": "maID", "filter": "filters", "searchField": "searchField", "searchOper": "searchOper", "searchString": "searchString", "oper": "oper", "query": "grid", "addoper": "add", "editoper": "edit", "deloper": "del", "excel": "excel", "subgrid": "subgrid", "totalrows": "totalrows", "autocomplete": "autocmpl" }, "loadError": function(xhr, status, err) { try { jQuery.jgrid.info_dialog(jQuery.jgrid.errors.errcap, '<div class="ui-state-error">' + xhr.responseText + '</div>', jQuery.jgrid.edit.bClose, { buttonalign: 'right' } ); } catch(e) { alert(xhr.responseText); } }, "pager": "#pager" }); jQuery('#grid').jqGrid('navGrid', '#pager', { "edit": true, "add": false, "del": false, "search": true, "refresh": true, "view": true, "excel": true, "pdf": true, "csv": false, "columns": false }, { "drag": true, "resize": true, "closeOnEscape": true, "dataheight": "auto", "errorTextFormat": function (r) { return r.responseText; }, "closeAfterEdit": true, "editCaption": "Update Company", "bSubmit": "Update" }, { "drag": true, "resize": true, "closeOnEscape": true, "dataheight": "auto", "errorTextFormat": function (r) { return r.responseText; }, "closeAfterAdd": true, "addCaption": "Add New Company", "bSubmit": "Update" }, { "errorTextFormat": function (r) { return r.responseText; } }, { "drag": true, "closeAfterSearch": true, "multipleSearch": true }, { "drag": true, "resize": true, "closeOnEscape": true, "dataheight": "auto", "Caption": "View Company", "width": "1100" } ); jQuery('#grid').jqGrid('navButtonAdd', '#pager', { id: 'pager_excel', caption: '', title: 'Export To Excel', onClickButton: function (e) { try { jQuery("#grid").jqGrid('excelExport', { tag: 'excel', url: 'session_ma_details.php' }); } catch (e) { window.location = 'session_ma_details.php?oper=excel'; } }, buttonicon: 'ui-icon-newwin' }); jQuery('#grid').jqGrid('navButtonAdd', '#pager', { id: 'pager_pdf', caption: '', title: 'Export To Pdf', onClickButton: function (e) { try { jQuery("#grid").jqGrid('excelExport', { tag: 'pdf', url: 'session_ma_details.php' }); } catch (e) { window.location = 'session_ma_details.php?oper=pdf'; } }, buttonicon: 'ui-icon-print' }); jQuery('#grid').jqGrid('filterToolbar', { "stringResult": true, "searchOnEnter": false, "defaultSearch": "cn" }); jQuery("#getselected").click(function () { var selr = jQuery('#grid').jqGrid('getGridParam', 'selrow'); if (selr) { window.open('http://www.smartouch-cdms.com/order.php?CompanyID=' + selr); } else alert("No selected row"); return false; }); });

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• Declaring data types in SQLite

  - by dan04

  I'm familiar with how type affinity works in SQLite: You can declare column types as anything you want, and all that matters is whether the type name contains "INT", "CHAR", "FLOA", etc. But is there a commonly-used convention on what type names to use? For example, if you have an integer column, is it better to distinguish between TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, and BIGINT, or just declare everything as INTEGER? So far, I've been using the following: INTEGER REAL CHAR(n) -- for strings with a known fixed with VARCHAR(n) -- for strings with a known maximum width TEXT -- for all other strings BLOB BOOLEAN DATE -- string in "YYYY-MM-DD" format TIME -- string in "HH:MM:SS" format TIMESTAMP -- string in "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" format (Note that the last three are contrary to the type affinity.)

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• Optimizing Oracle query

  - by Omnipresent

  SELECT MAX(verification_id) FROM VERIFICATION_TABLE WHERE head = 687422 AND mbr = 23102 AND RTRIM(LTRIM(lname)) = '.iq bzw' AND TO_CHAR(dob,'MM/DD/YYYY')= '08/10/2004' AND system_code = 'M'; This query is taking 153 seconds to run. there are millions of rows in VERIFICATION_TABLE. I think query is taking long because of the functions in where clause. However, I need to do ltrim rtrim on the columns and also date has to be matched in MM/DD/YYYY format. How can I optimize this query?

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• How to Open a Remote Text File using Server.MapPath in ASP.Net?

  - by NJTechGuy

  This is what I have right now for a file residing on the same server and it works. Dim FILENAME as String = Server.MapPath("Output.txt") Dim objStreamWriter as StreamWriter objStreamWriter = File.CreateText(FILENAME) dr = myCommand.ExecuteReader() While dr.Read() objStreamWriter.WriteLine("{0}|{1}|{2:yyyy-MM-dd}|{3:yyyy-MM-dd}", dr(0), dr(1), dr(2), dr(3)) End While objStreamWriter.Close() I was planning on FTPing the file to another server once done but is there a way to do it on a remote server? i.e create a text file on a remote server and write to it? Did not find any instances of that usage. How to use ServerXMLHTTP to replace Server.MapPath in this instance? Thank you so much for your time.

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• Incorrect decrement of the reference count

  - by idober

  I have the following problem: In one flow of the execution I use alloc, and on the other flow, alloc is not needed. At the end of the if statement, in any case, I release the object. When I do 'build and Analize' I get an error: 'Incorrect decrement of the reference count of an object is not owned by the caller'. How to solve that? UIImage *image; int RandomIndex = arc4random() % 10; if (RandomIndex<5) { image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:@"dd"]; } else { image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"dd"]; } UIImageView *imageLabel =[[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image]; [image release]; [imageLabel release];

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• PHP encoding with DOMDocument

  - by Olivier Lalonde

  <tag> ????? ? </tag> When I try to get the content of the following code using DOMDocument functions, it returns something like: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ Ðœ I've tried setting DOMDocument encoding to different values (UTF-8, ISO-8859-1), using mb_convert_encoding, iconv and utf8_encode but without success. How can I get "????? ?" instead of "ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ Ðœ" ? EDIT: The input is coming from a page loaded with curl. When I output the page content to my browser, the characters are displayed correctly (so I doubt the input is the problem).

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