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  • Is method reference caching a good idea in Java 8?

    - by gexicide
    Consider I have code like the following: class Foo { Y func(X x) {...} void doSomethingWithAFunc(Function<X,Y> f){...} void hotFunction(){ doSomethingWithAFunc(this::func); } } Consider that hotFunction is called very often. Would it then be advisable to cache this::func, maybe like this: class Foo { Function<X,Y> f = this::func; ... void hotFunction(){ doSomethingWithAFunc(f); } } As far as my understanding of java method references goes, the Virtual Machine creates an object of an anonymous class when a method reference is used. Thus, caching the reference would create that object only once while the first approach creates it on each function call. Is this correct? Should method references that appear at hot positions in the code be cached or is the VM able to optimize this and make the caching superfluous? Is there a general best practice about this or is this highly VM-implemenation specific whether such caching is of any use?

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  • Getting rid of function's argument

    - by Max
    It is better to explain my intention with code. So right now I have the following code: class A, IInterfaceUsedByB { } class B { void func(A someObject) { func2(someObject, 1); func3(someObject, "string"); func4(someObject, new MyObject()); } func2(A someObject, int val); func3(A someObject, string val); func4(A someObject, C val); } Where func2, func3, func4 do need references to someObject. I want to change this to void func() { with(someObject, () => { func2(1); func3("string"); func4(new MyObject()); } ); } Or even better to void func(someObject) { func2(1); func3("string"); func4(new MyObject()); } So that I don't have to drag this someObject around, but I should still be able to use it inside func2,3,4. I can use any of the three languages (C#, F# or IronPython) for this. UPDATE In the ideal solution class B would be independent of A. func* functions only depend on a small interface of A consisting of 2 methods.

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 17, Think Continuations, not Callbacks

    - by Reed
    In traditional asynchronous programming, we’d often use a callback to handle notification of a background task’s completion.  The Task class in the Task Parallel Library introduces a cleaner alternative to the traditional callback: continuation tasks. Asynchronous programming methods typically required callback functions.  For example, MSDN’s Asynchronous Delegates Programming Sample shows a class that factorizes a number.  The original method in the example has the following signature: public static bool Factorize(int number, ref int primefactor1, ref int primefactor2) { //... .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } However, calling this is quite “tricky”, even if we modernize the sample to use lambda expressions via C# 3.0.  Normally, we could call this method like so: int primeFactor1 = 0; int primeFactor2 = 0; bool answer = Factorize(10298312, ref primeFactor1, ref primeFactor2); Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} [Succeeded {2}]", primeFactor1, primeFactor2, answer); If we want to make this operation run in the background, and report to the console via a callback, things get tricker.  First, we need a delegate definition: public delegate bool AsyncFactorCaller( int number, ref int primefactor1, ref int primefactor2); Then we need to use BeginInvoke to run this method asynchronously: int primeFactor1 = 0; int primeFactor2 = 0; AsyncFactorCaller caller = new AsyncFactorCaller(Factorize); caller.BeginInvoke(10298312, ref primeFactor1, ref primeFactor2, result => { int factor1 = 0; int factor2 = 0; bool answer = caller.EndInvoke(ref factor1, ref factor2, result); Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} [Succeeded {2}]", factor1, factor2, answer); }, null); This works, but is quite difficult to understand from a conceptual standpoint.  To combat this, the framework added the Event-based Asynchronous Pattern, but it isn’t much easier to understand or author. Using .NET 4’s new Task<T> class and a continuation, we can dramatically simplify the implementation of the above code, as well as make it much more understandable.  We do this via the Task.ContinueWith method.  This method will schedule a new Task upon completion of the original task, and provide the original Task (including its Result if it’s a Task<T>) as an argument.  Using Task, we can eliminate the delegate, and rewrite this code like so: var background = Task.Factory.StartNew( () => { int primeFactor1 = 0; int primeFactor2 = 0; bool result = Factorize(10298312, ref primeFactor1, ref primeFactor2); return new { Result = result, Factor1 = primeFactor1, Factor2 = primeFactor2 }; }); background.ContinueWith(task => Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} [Succeeded {2}]", task.Result.Factor1, task.Result.Factor2, task.Result.Result)); This is much simpler to understand, in my opinion.  Here, we’re explicitly asking to start a new task, then continue the task with a resulting task.  In our case, our method used ref parameters (this was from the MSDN Sample), so there is a little bit of extra boiler plate involved, but the code is at least easy to understand. That being said, this isn’t dramatically shorter when compared with our C# 3 port of the MSDN code above.  However, if we were to extend our requirements a bit, we can start to see more advantages to the Task based approach.  For example, supposed we need to report the results in a user interface control instead of reporting it to the Console.  This would be a common operation, but now, we have to think about marshaling our calls back to the user interface.  This is probably going to require calling Control.Invoke or Dispatcher.Invoke within our callback, forcing us to specify a delegate within the delegate.  The maintainability and ease of understanding drops.  However, just as a standard Task can be created with a TaskScheduler that uses the UI synchronization context, so too can we continue a task with a specific context.  There are Task.ContinueWith method overloads which allow you to provide a TaskScheduler.  This means you can schedule the continuation to run on the UI thread, by simply doing: Task.Factory.StartNew( () => { int primeFactor1 = 0; int primeFactor2 = 0; bool result = Factorize(10298312, ref primeFactor1, ref primeFactor2); return new { Result = result, Factor1 = primeFactor1, Factor2 = primeFactor2 }; }).ContinueWith(task => textBox1.Text = string.Format("{0}/{1} [Succeeded {2}]", task.Result.Factor1, task.Result.Factor2, task.Result.Result), TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()); This is far more understandable than the alternative.  By using Task.ContinueWith in conjunction with TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext(), we get a simple way to push any work onto a background thread, and update the user interface on the proper UI thread.  This technique works with Windows Presentation Foundation as well as Windows Forms, with no change in methodology.

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  • The ugly evolution of running a background operation in the context of an ASP.NET app

    - by Jeff
    If you’re one of the two people who has followed my blog for many years, you know that I’ve been going at POP Forums now for over almost 15 years. Publishing it as an open source app has been a big help because it helps me understand how people want to use it, and having it translated to six languages is pretty sweet. Despite this warm and fuzzy group hug, there has been an ugly hack hiding in there for years. One of the things we find ourselves wanting to do is hide some kind of regular process inside of an ASP.NET application that runs periodically. The motivation for this has always been that a lot of people simply don’t have a choice, because they’re running the app on shared hosting, or don’t otherwise have access to a box that can run some kind of regular background service. In POP Forums, I “solved” this problem years ago by hiding some static timers in an HttpModule. Truthfully, this works well as long as you don’t run multiple instances of the app, which in the cloud world, is always a possibility. With the arrival of WebJobs in Azure, I’m going to solve this problem. This post isn’t about that. The other little hacky problem that I “solved” was spawning a background thread to queue emails to subscribed users of the forum. This evolved quite a bit over the years, starting with a long running page to mail users in real-time, when I had only a few hundred. By the time it got into the thousands, or tens of thousands, I needed a better way. What I did is launched a new thread that read all of the user data in, then wrote a queued email to the database (as in, the entire body of the email, every time), with the properly formatted opt-out link. It was super inefficient, but it worked. Then I moved my biggest site using it, CoasterBuzz, to an Azure Website, and it stopped working. So let’s start with the first stupid thing I was doing. The new thread was simply created with delegate code inline. As best I can tell, Azure Websites are more aggressive about garbage collection, because that thread didn’t queue even one message. When the calling server response went out of scope, so went the magic background thread. Duh, all I had to do was move the thread to a private static variable in the class. That’s the way I was able to keep stuff running from the HttpModule. (And yes, I know this is still prone to failure, particularly if the app recycles. For as infrequently as it’s used, I have not, however, experienced this.) It was still failing, but this time I wasn’t sure why. It would queue a few dozen messages, then die. Running in Azure, I had to turn on the application logging and FTP in to see what was going on. That led me to a helper method I was using as delegate to build the unsubscribe links. The idea here is that I didn’t want yet another config entry to describe the base URL, appended with the right path that would match the routing table. No, I wanted the app to figure it out for you, so I came up with this little thing: public static string FullUrlHelper(this Controller controller, string actionName, string controllerName, object routeValues = null) { var helper = new UrlHelper(controller.Request.RequestContext); var requestUrl = controller.Request.Url; if (requestUrl == null) return String.Empty; var url = requestUrl.Scheme + "://"; url += requestUrl.Host; url += (requestUrl.Port != 80 ? ":" + requestUrl.Port : ""); url += helper.Action(actionName, controllerName, routeValues); return url; } And yes, that should have been done with a string builder. This is useful for sending out the email verification messages, too. As clever as I thought I was with this, I was using a delegate in the admin controller to format these unsubscribe links for tens of thousands of users. I passed that delegate into a service class that did the email work: Func<User, string> unsubscribeLinkGenerator = user => this.FullUrlHelper("Unsubscribe", AccountController.Name, new { id = user.UserID, key = _profileService.GetUnsubscribeHash(user) }); _mailingListService.MailUsers(subject, body, htmlBody, unsubscribeLinkGenerator); Cool, right? Actually, not so much. If you look back at the helper, this delegate then will depend on the controller context to learn the routing and format for the URL. As you might have guessed, those things were turning null after a few dozen formatted links, when the original request to the admin controller went away. That this wasn’t already happening on my dedicated server is surprising, but again, I understand why the Azure environment might be eager to reclaim a thread after servicing the request. It’s already inefficient that I’m building the entire email for every user, but going back to check the routing table for the right link every time isn’t a win either. I put together a little hack to look up one generic URL, and use that as the basis for a string format. If you’re wondering why I didn’t just use the curly braces up front, it’s because they get URL formatted: var baseString = this.FullUrlHelper("Unsubscribe", AccountController.Name, new { id = "--id--", key = "--key--" }); baseString = baseString.Replace("--id--", "{0}").Replace("--key--", "{1}"); Func unsubscribeLinkGenerator = user => String.Format(baseString, user.UserID, _profileService.GetUnsubscribeHash(user)); _mailingListService.MailUsers(subject, body, htmlBody, unsubscribeLinkGenerator); And wouldn’t you know it, the new solution works just fine. It’s still kind of hacky and inefficient, but it will work until this somehow breaks too.

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  • becomeFirstResponder not working!!!

    - by vikinara
    In the below code becomeFirstResonder not working, only resignFirstresponder working...can anyone please help - (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField { if (textField == txtDate) { [txtDate resignFirstResponder]; [txtTime becomeFirstResponder]; } if (textField == txtTime) { [txtTime resignFirstResponder]; [txtAddress becomeFirstResponder]; } if (textField == txtAddress) { [txtAddress resignFirstResponder]; [txtCity becomeFirstResponder]; } if (textField == txtCity) { [txtCity resignFirstResponder]; [txtState becomeFirstResponder]; } if(textField == txtState) { [txtState resignFirstResponder]; [txtZip becomeFirstResponder]; } if (textField == txtZip) { [txtZip resignFirstResponder]; } return NO; } - (BOOL)textFieldShouldEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField { if(textField == txtDate) { NSString *dateString = txtDate.text; NSString *dateRegex = @"^(1[0-2]|0[1-9])/(3[01]|[12][0-9]|0[1-9])/[0-9]{4}$"; NSPredicate *dateTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", dateRegex]; BOOL validateDate = [dateTest evaluateWithObject:dateString]; if(!validateDate){ UIAlertView *alert2 = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:@"Date Error." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert2 show]; [alert2 release]; txtDate.text = nil; } } if(textField == txtTime) { NSString *timeString = txtTime.text; NSString *timeRegex = @"^(([0]?[0-5][0-9]|[0-9]):([0-5][0-9]))$"; NSPredicate *timeTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", timeRegex]; BOOL validateTime = [timeTest evaluateWithObject:timeString]; if(!validateTime) { UIAlertView *alert2 = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:@"Incorrect Time Entry." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert2 show]; [alert2 release]; txtTime.text = nil; } } if(textField == txtAddress) { NSString *addressString = txtAddress.text; NSString *addressRegex = @"^[a-z0-9 ]+$"; NSPredicate *addressTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", addressRegex]; BOOL validateAddress = [addressTest evaluateWithObject:addressString]; if(!validateAddress) { UIAlertView *alert2 = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:@"Incorrect State." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert2 show]; [alert2 release]; txtAddress.text = nil; } } if(textField == txtState) { NSString *stateString = txtState.text; NSString *stateRegex = @"^(?-i:A[LKSZRAEP]|C[AOT]|D[EC]|F[LM]|G[AU]|HI|I[ADLN]|K[SY]|LA|M[ADEHINOPST]|N[CDEHJMVY]|O[HKR]|P[ARW]|RI|S[CD]|T[NX]|UT|V[AIT]|W[AIVY])$"; NSPredicate *stateTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", stateRegex]; BOOL validateState = [stateTest evaluateWithObject:stateString]; if(!validateState) { UIAlertView *alert2 = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:@"Incorrect State." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert2 show]; [alert2 release]; txtState.text = nil; } } if(textField == txtCity) { NSString *cityString = txtCity.text; NSString *cityRegex = @"^[a-z ]+$"; NSPredicate *cityTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", cityRegex]; BOOL validateCity = [cityTest evaluateWithObject:cityString]; if(!validateCity) { UIAlertView *alert2 = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:@"Incorrect City." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert2 show]; [alert2 release]; txtCity.text = nil; } } if(textField == txtZip) { NSString *zipString = txtZip.text; NSString *zipRegex = @"^[0-9]{5}([- /]?[0-9]{4})?$"; NSPredicate *zipTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", zipRegex]; BOOL validateZip = [zipTest evaluateWithObject:zipString]; if(!validateZip) { UIAlertView *alert2 = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:@"Incorrect Zip." delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert2 show]; [alert2 release]; txtZip.text = nil; } } return NO; }

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  • NSURLConnection request seems to disappear into thin air

    - by ibergmark
    Hi Everybody! I'm having trouble with a NSURLConnection request. My app calls a routine called sayHello to identify a user's device. This code works fine for all devices I've tested it on, but for some devices the request just seems to disappear into thin air with no errors or popups on the device. One specific device that fails is an iPod Touch 2G running OS 3.1.3. The app start's fine and doesn't crash, and none of my error popup messages are displayed. I just can't understand why my server never receives the request since the call to initWithRequest returns a pointer. Any help is much appreciated. Thanks. Here's the relevant header info: @interface Globals : NSObject { UserItem *userData; NSURLConnection *urlConnection; NSString *imageCacheLocation; NSOperationQueue *opQueue; } Here's the implementation of sayHello: - (void)sayHello:(BOOL)updateVisits; { NSString *updString; if (updateVisits) updString = @"Y"; else updString = @"N"; NSDictionary *dataDict = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys: [[UIDevice currentDevice] uniqueIdentifier], @"id", kProgVersion, @"pv", @"1", @"pr", userData.tagID, @"tg", updString, @"uv", nil]; NSString *urlString = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:kHelloURL]; urlConnection = [self localPOST:dataDict toUrl:urlString delegate:self]; [dataDict release]; [urlString release]; } - (NSURLConnection *)localPOST:(NSDictionary *)dictionary toUrl:(NSString *)urlString delegate:(id)delegate { NSString *myBounds = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"0xKmYbOuNdArY"]; NSMutableData *myPostData = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithCapacity:10]; NSArray *formKeys = [dictionary allKeys]; for (int i = 0; i < [formKeys count]; i++) { [myPostData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@\n", myBounds] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; [myPostData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat: @"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\n\n%@\n", [formKeys objectAtIndex:i], [dictionary valueForKey:[formKeys objectAtIndex:i]]] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; } [myPostData appendData:[[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@--\n", myBounds] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; NSURL *myURL = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:urlString]; NSMutableURLRequest *myRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:myURL cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringCacheData timeoutInterval:30]; NSString *myContent = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat: @"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@", myBounds]; [myRequest setValue:myContent forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; [myRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"]; [myRequest setHTTPBody:myPostData]; NSURLConnection *connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:myRequest delegate:delegate]; if (!connection) { [[Globals sharedGlobals] showAlertWithTitle: NSLocalizedString( @"Connection failed", @"alert title - connection failed") message: NSLocalizedString( @"Could not open a connection.", @"alert message - connection failed")]; } [myBounds release]; [myPostData release]; [myURL release]; [myRequest release]; [myContent release]; return connection; } - (void)handleNetworkError:(NSError *)error { if (networkErrorAlert) return; networkErrorAlert = YES; [[Globals sharedGlobals] showAlertWithTitle: NSLocalizedString( @"Network error", @"alert title - network error") message: [NSString stringWithFormat: NSLocalizedString( @"This app needs a network connection to function properly.", @"alert message - network error")] otherButtons:nil delegate:self]; } - (void) connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { [urlConnection release]; urlConnection = nil; } - (void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { [self handleNetworkError:error]; [urlConnection release]; urlConnection = nil; }

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  • Having problem loading data from AppDelegate using UITableView into a flip view, loads first view bu

    - by Ms. Ryann
    AppDelegate: @implementation Ripe_ProduceGuideAppDelegate -(void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { Greens *apricot = [[Greens alloc] init]; apricot.produceName = @"Apricot"; apricot.produceSight = @"Deep orange or yellow orange in appearance, may have red tinge, no marks or bruises. "; apricot.produceTouch = @"Firm to touch and give to gentle pressure, plump."; apricot.produceSmell = @"Should be Fragrant"; apricot.produceHtoP = @"raw, salads, baked, sauces, glazes, desserts, poached, stuffing."; apricot.produceStore = @"Not ripe: place in brown paper bag, at room temperature and out of direct sunlight, close bag for 2 - 3 days. Last for a week. Warning: Only refrigerate ripe apricots."; apricot.produceBest = @"Spring & Summer"; apricot.producePic = [UIImage imageNamed:@"apricot.jpg"]; Greens *artichoke = [[Greens alloc] init]; artichoke.produceName = @"Artichoke"; artichoke.produceSight = @"Slightly glossy dark green color and sheen, tight petals that are not be too open, no marks, no brown petals or dried out look. Stem should not be dark brown or black."; artichoke.produceTouch = @"No soft spots"; artichoke.produceSmell = @" Should not smell"; artichoke.produceHtoP = @"steam, boil, grill, saute, soups"; artichoke.produceStore = @"Stand up in vase of cold water, keeps for 2 -3 days. Or, place in refrigerator loose without plastic bag. May be frozen, if cooked but not raw."; artichoke.produceBest = @"Spring"; artichoke.producePic = [UIImage imageNamed:@"artichoke.jpg"]; self.produce = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:apricot, artichoke, nil]; [apricot release]; [artichoke release]; FirstView: @implementation ProduceView -(id)initWithIndexPath: (NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if (self == [super init] ){ index = indexPath; } return self; } -(void)viewDidLoad { Ripe_ProduceGuideAppDelegate *delegate = (Ripe_ProduceGuideAppDelegate *) [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; Greens *thisProduce = [delegate.produce objectAtIndex:index.row]; self.title = thisProduce.produceName; sightView.text = thisProduce.produceSight; touchView.text = thisProduce.produceTouch; smellView.text = thisProduce.produceSmell; picView.image = thisProduce.producePic; } FlipView: @implementation FlipsideViewController @synthesize flipDelegate; -(id)initWithIndexPath: (NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if ( self == [super init]) { index = indexPath; } return self; } -(void)viewDidLoad { Ripe_ProduceGuideAppDelegate *delegate = (Ripe_ProduceGuideAppDelegate *) [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; Greens*thisProduce = [delegate.produce objectAtIndex:index.row]; self.title = thisProduce.produceName; bestView.text = thisProduce.produceBest; htopView.text = thisProduce.produceHtoP; storeView.text = thisProduce.produceStore; picView.image = thisProduce.producePic; } *the app works, the flip view for Artichoke shows the information for Apricot. Been working on it for two days. I have been working with iPhone apps for two months now and would very much appreciate any assistance with this problem. Thank you very much.

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  • Using .net 3.5 assemblies in asp.net 2.0 web application

    - by masterik
    I have an .net assembly build against 3.5 framework. This assembly has a class Foo with two method overrides: public class Foo { public T Set<T>(T value); public T Set<T>(Func<T> getValueFunc); } I'm referencing this assembly in my asp.net 2.0 web application to use first override of the Set method (without Func). But on build I get an error saying that I should reference System.Core to use System.Func delegate... but I'm not using this type... Is there a workaround to solve this? PS: There is no option to convert my web application targeting 3.5 framework.

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  • Dictionary<string,string> to Dictionary<Control,object> using IEnumerable<T>.Select()

    - by abatishchev
    I have a System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> containing control ID and appropriate data column to data bind: var dic = new Dictionary<string, string> { { "Label1", "FooCount" }, { "Label2", "BarCount" } }; I use it that way: var row = ((DataRowView)FormView1.DataItem).Row; Dictionary<Control, object> newOne = dic.ToDictionary( k => FormView1.FindControl(k.Key)), k => row[k.Value]); So I'm using IEnumerable<T>.ToDictionary(Func<T>, Func<T>). Is it possbile to do the same using IEnumerable<T>.Select(Func<T>) ?

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  • C# threads - Posting messages between threads

    - by Harsha
    Hi All, I am working on a project which involves reusing as well as migrating some of the existing MFC code to C#. The current code in MFC, creates some threads and uses ::PostthreadeMessage() and ON_THREAD_MESSAGE(msg,func) for inter thread asynchronous communication through messages. ::PostthreadeMessage() - sends a message to a particular thread id. ON_THREAD_MESSAGE(msg,func) - calls the function(func) when a message(msg) is received. Since i am not much aware of the threading interfaces in C#, i tried to search for similar API's in C#, but was not able to find any. It would be great, if somebody can help me in finding the appropriate functions for this purpose in C# Thanks, Harsha

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  • Actionscript 3 introspection -- function names

    - by Markus O'reilly
    I am trying to iterate through each of the members of an object. For each member, I check to see if it is a function or not. If it is a function, I want to get the name of it and perform some logic based on the name of the function. I don't know if this is even possible though. Is it? Any tips? example: var mems: Object = getMemberNames(obj, true); for each(mem: Object in members) { if(!(mem is Function)) continue; var func: Function = Function(mem); //I want something like this: if(func.getName().startsWith("xxxx")) { func.call(...); } } I'm having a hard time finding much on doing this. Thanks for the help.

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  • Invoke "internal extern" constructor using reflections

    - by Riz
    Hi, I have following class (as seen through reflector) public class W : IDisposable { public W(string s); public W(string s, byte[] data); // more constructors [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)] internal extern W(string s, int i); public static W Func(string s, int i); } I am trying to call "internal extern" constructor or Func using reflections MethodInfo dynMethod = typeof(W).GetMethod("Func", BindingFlags.Static); object[] argVals = new object[] { "hi", 1 }; dynMethod.Invoke(null, argVals); and Type type = typeof(W); Type[] argTypes = new Type[] { typeof(System.String), typeof(System.Int32) }; ConstructorInfo cInfo = type.GetConstructor(BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.NonPublic, null, argTypes, null); object[] argVals = new object[] { "hi", 1 }; dynMethod.Invoke(null, argVals); unfortunantly both variants rise NullReferenceException when trying to Invoke, so, I must be doing something wrong?

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  • Dynamic function docstring

    - by Tom Aldcroft
    I'd like to write a python function that has a dynamically created docstring. In essence for a function func() I want func.__doc__ to be a descriptor that calls a custom __get__ function create the docstring on request. Then help(func) should return the dynamically generated docstring. The context here is to write a python package wrapping a large number of command line tools in an existing analysis package. Each tool becomes a similarly named module function (created via function factory and inserted into the module namespace), with the function documentation and interface arguments dynamically generated via the analysis package.

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  • Cast from Void* to TYPE* using C++ style cast: static_cast or reinterpret_cast

    - by David Relihan
    So if your converting from Void* to Type* or from Type* to Void* should you use: void func(void *p) { Params *params = static_cast<Params*>(p); } or void func(void *p) { Params *params = reinterpret_cast<Params*>(p); } To me static_cast seems the more correct but I've seen both used for the same purpose. Also, does the direction of the conversion matter. i.e. should I still use static_cast for: _beginthread(func,0,static_cast<void*>(params) I have read the other questions on C++ style casting but I'm still not sure what the correct way is for this scenario (I think it is static_cast)

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  • c# Attribute Question

    - by Petoj
    Well i need some help here i don't know how to solve this problem. the function of the attribute is to determine if the function can be run... So what i need is the following: The consumer of the attribute should be able to determine if it can be executed. The owner of the attribute should be able to tell the consumer that now it can/can't be executed (like a event). It must have a simple syntax. This is what i have so far but it only implements point 1, 3. [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)] public class ExecuteMethodAttribute : Attribute { private Func<object, bool> canExecute; public Func<object, bool> CanExecute { get { return canExecute; } } public ExecuteMethodAttribute() { } public ExecuteMethodAttribute(Func<object, bool> canExecute) { this.canExecute = canExecute; } }

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  • Passing list and dictionary type parameter with Python

    - by prosseek
    When I run this code def func(x, y, *w, **z): print x print y if w: print w if z: print z else: print "None" func(10,20, 1,2,3,{'k':'a'}) I get the result as follows. 10 20 (1, 2, 3, {'k': 'a'}) None But, I expected as follows, I mean the list parameters (1,2,3) matching *w, and dictionary matching **z. 10 20 (1,2,3) {'k':'a'} Q : What went wrong? How can I pass the list and dictionary as parameters? Added func(10,20, 10,20,30, k='a') seems to be working

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  • python- scipy optimization

    - by pear
    In scipy fmin_slsqp (Sequential Least Squares Quadratic Programming), I tried reading the code 'slsqp.py' provided with the scipy package, to find what are the criteria to get the exit_modes 0? I cannot find which statements in the code produce this exit mode? Please help me 'slsqp.py' code as follows, exit_modes = { -1 : "Gradient evaluation required (g & a)", 0 : "Optimization terminated successfully.", 1 : "Function evaluation required (f & c)", 2 : "More equality constraints than independent variables", 3 : "More than 3*n iterations in LSQ subproblem", 4 : "Inequality constraints incompatible", 5 : "Singular matrix E in LSQ subproblem", 6 : "Singular matrix C in LSQ subproblem", 7 : "Rank-deficient equality constraint subproblem HFTI", 8 : "Positive directional derivative for linesearch", 9 : "Iteration limit exceeded" } def fmin_slsqp( func, x0 , eqcons=[], f_eqcons=None, ieqcons=[], f_ieqcons=None, bounds = [], fprime = None, fprime_eqcons=None, fprime_ieqcons=None, args = (), iter = 100, acc = 1.0E-6, iprint = 1, full_output = 0, epsilon = _epsilon ): # Now do a lot of function wrapping # Wrap func feval, func = wrap_function(func, args) # Wrap fprime, if provided, or approx_fprime if not if fprime: geval, fprime = wrap_function(fprime,args) else: geval, fprime = wrap_function(approx_fprime,(func,epsilon)) if f_eqcons: # Equality constraints provided via f_eqcons ceval, f_eqcons = wrap_function(f_eqcons,args) if fprime_eqcons: # Wrap fprime_eqcons geval, fprime_eqcons = wrap_function(fprime_eqcons,args) else: # Wrap approx_jacobian geval, fprime_eqcons = wrap_function(approx_jacobian, (f_eqcons,epsilon)) else: # Equality constraints provided via eqcons[] eqcons_prime = [] for i in range(len(eqcons)): eqcons_prime.append(None) if eqcons[i]: # Wrap eqcons and eqcons_prime ceval, eqcons[i] = wrap_function(eqcons[i],args) geval, eqcons_prime[i] = wrap_function(approx_fprime, (eqcons[i],epsilon)) if f_ieqcons: # Inequality constraints provided via f_ieqcons ceval, f_ieqcons = wrap_function(f_ieqcons,args) if fprime_ieqcons: # Wrap fprime_ieqcons geval, fprime_ieqcons = wrap_function(fprime_ieqcons,args) else: # Wrap approx_jacobian geval, fprime_ieqcons = wrap_function(approx_jacobian, (f_ieqcons,epsilon)) else: # Inequality constraints provided via ieqcons[] ieqcons_prime = [] for i in range(len(ieqcons)): ieqcons_prime.append(None) if ieqcons[i]: # Wrap ieqcons and ieqcons_prime ceval, ieqcons[i] = wrap_function(ieqcons[i],args) geval, ieqcons_prime[i] = wrap_function(approx_fprime, (ieqcons[i],epsilon)) # Transform x0 into an array. x = asfarray(x0).flatten() # Set the parameters that SLSQP will need # meq = The number of equality constraints if f_eqcons: meq = len(f_eqcons(x)) else: meq = len(eqcons) if f_ieqcons: mieq = len(f_ieqcons(x)) else: mieq = len(ieqcons) # m = The total number of constraints m = meq + mieq # la = The number of constraints, or 1 if there are no constraints la = array([1,m]).max() # n = The number of independent variables n = len(x) # Define the workspaces for SLSQP n1 = n+1 mineq = m - meq + n1 + n1 len_w = (3*n1+m)*(n1+1)+(n1-meq+1)*(mineq+2) + 2*mineq+(n1+mineq)*(n1-meq) \ + 2*meq + n1 +(n+1)*n/2 + 2*m + 3*n + 3*n1 + 1 len_jw = mineq w = zeros(len_w) jw = zeros(len_jw) # Decompose bounds into xl and xu if len(bounds) == 0: bounds = [(-1.0E12, 1.0E12) for i in range(n)] elif len(bounds) != n: raise IndexError, \ 'SLSQP Error: If bounds is specified, len(bounds) == len(x0)' else: for i in range(len(bounds)): if bounds[i][0] > bounds[i][1]: raise ValueError, \ 'SLSQP Error: lb > ub in bounds[' + str(i) +'] ' + str(bounds[4]) xl = array( [ b[0] for b in bounds ] ) xu = array( [ b[1] for b in bounds ] ) # Initialize the iteration counter and the mode value mode = array(0,int) acc = array(acc,float) majiter = array(iter,int) majiter_prev = 0 # Print the header if iprint >= 2 if iprint >= 2: print "%5s %5s %16s %16s" % ("NIT","FC","OBJFUN","GNORM") while 1: if mode == 0 or mode == 1: # objective and constraint evaluation requird # Compute objective function fx = func(x) # Compute the constraints if f_eqcons: c_eq = f_eqcons(x) else: c_eq = array([ eqcons[i](x) for i in range(meq) ]) if f_ieqcons: c_ieq = f_ieqcons(x) else: c_ieq = array([ ieqcons[i](x) for i in range(len(ieqcons)) ]) # Now combine c_eq and c_ieq into a single matrix if m == 0: # no constraints c = zeros([la]) else: # constraints exist if meq > 0 and mieq == 0: # only equality constraints c = c_eq if meq == 0 and mieq > 0: # only inequality constraints c = c_ieq if meq > 0 and mieq > 0: # both equality and inequality constraints exist c = append(c_eq, c_ieq) if mode == 0 or mode == -1: # gradient evaluation required # Compute the derivatives of the objective function # For some reason SLSQP wants g dimensioned to n+1 g = append(fprime(x),0.0) # Compute the normals of the constraints if fprime_eqcons: a_eq = fprime_eqcons(x) else: a_eq = zeros([meq,n]) for i in range(meq): a_eq[i] = eqcons_prime[i](x) if fprime_ieqcons: a_ieq = fprime_ieqcons(x) else: a_ieq = zeros([mieq,n]) for i in range(mieq): a_ieq[i] = ieqcons_prime[i](x) # Now combine a_eq and a_ieq into a single a matrix if m == 0: # no constraints a = zeros([la,n]) elif meq > 0 and mieq == 0: # only equality constraints a = a_eq elif meq == 0 and mieq > 0: # only inequality constraints a = a_ieq elif meq > 0 and mieq > 0: # both equality and inequality constraints exist a = vstack((a_eq,a_ieq)) a = concatenate((a,zeros([la,1])),1) # Call SLSQP slsqp(m, meq, x, xl, xu, fx, c, g, a, acc, majiter, mode, w, jw) # Print the status of the current iterate if iprint > 2 and the # major iteration has incremented if iprint >= 2 and majiter > majiter_prev: print "%5i %5i % 16.6E % 16.6E" % (majiter,feval[0], fx,linalg.norm(g)) # If exit mode is not -1 or 1, slsqp has completed if abs(mode) != 1: break majiter_prev = int(majiter) # Optimization loop complete. Print status if requested if iprint >= 1: print exit_modes[int(mode)] + " (Exit mode " + str(mode) + ')' print " Current function value:", fx print " Iterations:", majiter print " Function evaluations:", feval[0] print " Gradient evaluations:", geval[0] if not full_output: return x else: return [list(x), float(fx), int(majiter), int(mode), exit_modes[int(mode)] ]

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  • C# going nuts when I declare variables with the same name as the ones in a lambda

    - by Rubys
    I have the following code (generates a quadratic function given the a, b, and c) Func<double, double, double, Func<double, double>> funcGenerator = (a, b, c) => f => f * f * a + b * f + c; Up until now, lovely. But then, if i try to declare a variable named a, b, c or f, visual studio pops a "A local variable named 'f' could not be declared at this scope because it would give a different meaning to 'f' which is used in a child scope." Basically, this fails, and I have no idea why, because a child scope doesn't even make any sense. Func funcGenerator = (a, b, c) = f = f * f * a + b * f + c; var f = 3; // Fails var d = 3; // Fine What's going on here?

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  • JavaScript addEvent function

    - by Yalmaz Khalil
    I have an addEvent function: function addEvent(elem, event, func ) { if (typeof (window.event) != 'undefined') elem.attachEvent('on' + event, func); else elem.addEventListener(event, func, false); } <a href="#" id="link">link</a> and I'm trying to add the following to window.onload: addEvent(window, 'load', function (){ // add another event var link= document.getElementById('link'); addEvent(link, 'click', function () {alert('Hi'); }); }); My question is: why does the link event not work?

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  • Using System.DateTime in a C# Lambda expression gives an exception

    - by Samantha J
    I tried to implement a suggestion that came up in another question: Stackoverflow question Snippet here: public static class StatusExtensions { public static IHtmlString StatusBox<TModel>( this HtmlHelper<TModel> helper, Expression<Func<TModel, RowInfo>> ex ) { var createdEx = Expression.Lambda<Func<TModel, DateTime>>( Expression.Property(ex.Body, "Created"), ex.Parameters ); var modifiedEx = Expression.Lambda<Func<TModel, DateTime>>( Expression.Property(ex.Body, "Modified"), ex.Parameters ); var a = "a" + helper.HiddenFor(createdEx) + helper.HiddenFor(modifiedEx); return new HtmlString( "Some things here ..." + helper.HiddenFor(createdEx) + helper.HiddenFor(modifiedEx) ); } } When implemented I am getting the following exception which I don't really understand. The exception points to the line starting with "var createdEx =" System.ArgumentException was unhandled by user code Message=Expression of type 'System.Nullable`1[System.DateTime]' cannot be used for return type 'System.DateTime' Source=System.Core StackTrace: Can anyone help me out and suggest what I could do to resolve the exception?

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  • Passing functions as arguements in Matlab

    - by Dave
    Hi, I'm trying to write a function that is gets two arrays and the name of another function as arguements. e.g. main.m: x=[0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0]; y=[0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0]; func2(x,y,'func2eq') func 2.m : function t =func2(x, y, z, 'func') //"unexpected matlab expression" error message here t= func(x,y,z); func2eq.m: function z= func2eq(x,y) z= x + sin(pi * x)* exp(y); Matlab tells gives me the above error message. I've never passed a function name as an arguement before. Where am I going wrong? p.s. sorry about the formatting of code above, I can't seems to get SO to show parts of the code as code.

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  • print address of virtual member function

    - by hidayat
    I am trying to print the address of a virtual member function. If I only wants to print the address of the function I can write: print("address: %p", &A::func); But I want to do something like this: A *b = new B(); printf("address: %p", &b->func); printf("address: %p", &b->A::func); however this does not compile, is it possible to do something like this even do looking up the address in the vtable is done in runtime?

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  • Unix Sockets in Go

    - by marketer
    I'm trying to make a simple echo client and server that uses Unix sockets. In this example, the server can receive data from the client, but it can't send the data back. If I use tcp connections instead, it works great: Server package main import "net" import "fmt" func echoServer(c net.Conn) { for { buf := make([]byte, 512) nr, err := c.Read(buf) if err != nil { return } data := buf[0:nr] fmt.Printf("Received: %v", string(data)) _, err = c.Write(data) if err != nil { panic("Write: " + err.String()) } } } func main() { l, err := net.Listen("unix", "/tmp/echo.sock") if err != nil { println("listen error", err.String()) return } for { fd, err := l.Accept() if err != nil { println("accept error", err.String()) return } go echoServer(fd) } } Client package main import "net" import "time" func main() { c,err := net.Dial("unix","", "/tmp/echo.sock") if err != nil { panic(err.String()) } for { _,err := c.Write([]byte("hi\n")) if err != nil { println(err.String()) } time.Sleep(1e9) } }

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  • Are static delegates thread-safe?

    - by leypascua
    Consider this code snippet: public static class ApplicationContext { private static Func<TService> Uninitialized<TService>() { throw new InvalidOperationException(); } public static Func<IAuthenticationProvider> AuthenticationProvider = Uninitialized<IAuthenticationProvider>(); public static Func<IUnitOfWorkFactory> UnitOfWorkFactory = Uninitialized<IUnitOfWorkFactory>(); } //can also be in global.asax if used in a web app. public static void Main(string[] args) { ApplicationContext.AuthenticationProvider = () => new LdapAuthenticationProvider(); ApplicationContext.UnitOfWorkFactory = () => new EFUnitOfWorkFactory(); } //somewhere in the code.. say an ASP.NET MVC controller ApplicationContext.AuthenticationProvider().SignIn(username, true); Are delegates in the static class ApplicationContext thread-safe in the sense that multiple-threads can invoke them? What potential problems will I face if I pursue this approach?

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  • Passing array to function with pointer loses array size information!

    - by Narek
    If I write int main() { int a[100] = {1,2,3,4,}; cout<<sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])<<endl; return 0; } I get 400! If I write void func(int *a); int main() { int a[100] = {1,2,3,4,}; func(a); return 0; } void func(int *a) { cout<<sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])<<endl; } Then I get 400! So why passing array to function with pointer loses array size information?

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