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  • DOS "pause" in Linux?

    - by user2930466
    Firstly, I'm REALLY new to programming. I've just started my first programming class two weeks ago, and I apologize if I sound newbish. My professor wants me to implement a "press any key to continue..." thing in my program. Basically when I run a program, he wants one line to come up [like printf("jfdskaljlfja");] then what would come up is "press any key to continue," before the next line runs. he told us that the DOS equivalent is system("pause"), but he wants us to do it linux. This is what my code looks like: #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("This is the first line of this program); system("pause"); printf("This is the second line); } Except he wants us to do this in Linux, so system("pause") won't work in this case. Is there a way to have it do exactly what pause does, but in linux terms? again, sorry if i sound newbish. thank you so much! Also, he doesn't really care if the code is efficient or anything, as long as it runs. Again, i'm really new to programming, so the simplest answer would be much appreciated :)

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  • Need help finding a unique value in array

    - by bardockyo
    My code is complete minus one little flaw. It searches the array and prints out which values are unique, however it always counts the first entry as unique even if it is followed by the same value. Can anyone look at my code and tell me which part is messing this up because it is driving me crazy. #include <stdio.h> #define size 7 int main(void) { int array1[size], target, answer, found, x, k, prev, count =1, i; printf("Please input %d integers: ", size); scanf("%d", &target); for(x = 0; x < size; x++) { scanf("%d", &array1[x]); } prev = array1[0]; for (i = 1; i < size; i++) { if (array1[i] == prev) { count++; } else { if (count < 2) printf("%d=%d\n", prev, count); prev = array1[i]; count = 1; } } if (count < 2) { printf("%d=%d\n", prev, count); } return 0; }

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  • warning: format ‘%s’ expects type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’

    - by pyz
    code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <sys/socket.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *ptr, **pptr; struct hostent *hptr; char str[32]; //ptr = argv[1]; ptr = "www.google.com"; if ((hptr = gethostbyname(ptr)) == NULL) { printf("gethostbyname error for host:%s\n", ptr); } printf("official hostname:%s\n", hptr->h_name); for (pptr = hptr->h_aliases; *pptr != NULL; pptr++) printf(" alias:%s\n", *pptr); switch (hptr->h_addrtype) { case AF_INET: case AF_INET6: pptr = hptr->h_addr_list; for (; *pptr != NULL; pptr++) printf(" address:%s\n", inet_ntop(hptr->h_addrtype, *pptr, str, sizeof(str))); break; default: printf("unknown address type\n"); break; } return 0; } compiler output below: zhumatoMacBook:CProjects zhu$ gcc gethostbynamedemo.c gethostbynamedemo.c: In function ‘main’: gethostbynamedemo.c:31: warning: format ‘%s’ expects type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’

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  • Is it reasonable that a random disk seek & read costs ~16ms?

    - by fzhang
    I am frustrated about the latency of random reading from a non-ssd disk. Based on results from following test program, it speeds ~16 ms for a random read of just 512 bytes without help of os cache. I tried changing 512 to larger values, such as 25k, and the latency did not increase as much. I guess it is because the disk seek dominates the time. I understand that random reading is inherently slow, but just want to be sure that ~16ms is reasonable, even for non-ssd disk. #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <limits.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed open %s\n", argv[1]); return -1; } const size_t count = 512; const off_t offset = 25990611 / 2; char buffer[count] = { '\0' }; struct timeval start_time; gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL); off_t ret = lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET); if (ret != offset) { perror("lseek error"); close(fd); return -1; } ret = read(fd, buffer, count); if (ret != count) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed reading all: %ld\n", ret); close(fd); return -1; } struct timeval end_time; gettimeofday(&end_time, NULL); printf("tv_sec: %ld, tv_usec: %ld\n", end_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec); close(fd); return 0; }

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  • Removing file with strange characters in filename in OS X

    - by SiggyF
    After a memory error in my program, I am stuck with a file with a strange filename. It's proving quite resistant to all normal methods to remove files with strange names. The filename is: %8BUȅ҉%95d%F8%FF%FF\x0f%8E%8F%FD%FF%FF%8B%B5T%F8%FF%FF%8B%85\%F8%FF%FF\x03%85x%F8%FF%FF%8B%95D%F8%FF%FF%8B%BD%9C%F8%FF%FF%8D\x04%86%8B%B5@%F8%FF%FF%89%85%90%F8%FF%FF%8B%85X%F8%FF%FF\x03%85%9C%F8%FF%FF%C1%E7\x02%8B%8Dx I tried the following: rm * - "No such file or directory" rm -- filename - "No such file or directory" rm "filename" - "No such file or directory" ls -i to get the inode number - "No such file or directory" stat filename - "No such file or directory" zip the directory where the file is in - error occured while adding "" to the archive. delete directory in finder - error -43 in python: os.unlink(os.listdir(u'.')[0]) - OSError No such file or directory find . -type f -exec rm {} \; - "No such file or directory" checked for locks on the file with lsof - no locks All these attempts result in a file (long filename here) not found error, or error -43. Even the ls -i. I couldn't find anymore options, so before reformatting or repairing my filesystem (fsck might help) I thought maybe there is something I missed. I wrote this small c program to get the inode: #include <stdio.h> #include <stddef.h> #include <sys/types.h> int main(void) { DIR *dp; struct dirent *ep; dp = opendir ("./"); if (dp != NULL) { while (ep = readdir (dp)) { printf("d_ino=%ld, ", (unsigned long) ep->d_ino); printf("d_name=%s.\n", ep->d_name); } (void) closedir (dp); } else perror ("Couldn't open the directory"); return 0; } That works. I now have the inode, but the normal find -inum inode -exec rm '{}' \; doesn't work. I think I have to use the clri now.

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  • Espeak SAPI/dll usage on Windows ?

    - by Quandary
    Question: I am trying to use the espeak text-to-speech engine. So for I got it working wounderfully on linux (code below). Now I wanted to port this basic program to windows, too, but it's nearly impossible... Part of the problem is that the windows dll only allows for AUDIO_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS, which means it requires a callback, but I can't figure out how to play the audio from the callback... First it crashed, then I realized, I need a callback function, now I get the data in the callback function, but I don't know how to play it... as it is neither a wav file nor plays automatically as on Linux. The sourceforge site is rather useless, because it basically says use the SAPI version, but then there is no example on how to use the sapi espeak dll... Anyway, here's my code, can anybody help? #ifdef __cplusplus #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> #include <cstring> else #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> endif include include //#include "speak_lib.h" include "espeak/speak_lib.h" // libespeak-dev: /usr/include/espeak/speak_lib.h // apt-get install libespeak-dev // apt-get install libportaudio-dev // g++ -o mine mine.cpp -lespeak // g++ -o mine mine.cpp -I/usr/include/espeak/ -lespeak // gcc -o mine mine.cpp -I/usr/include/espeak/ -lespeak char voicename[40]; int samplerate; int quiet = 0; static char genders[4] = {' ','M','F',' '}; //const char *data_path = "/usr/share/"; // /usr/share/espeak-data/ const char *data_path = NULL; // use default path for espeak-data int strrcmp(const char *s, const char *sub) { int slen = strlen(s); int sublen = strlen(sub); return memcmp(s + slen - sublen, sub, sublen); } char * strrcpy(char *dest, const char *source) { // Pre assertions assert(dest != NULL); assert(source != NULL); assert(dest != source); // tk: parentheses while((*dest++ = *source++)) ; return(--dest); } const char* GetLanguageVoiceName(const char* pszShortSign) { #define LANGUAGE_LENGTH 30 static char szReturnValue[LANGUAGE_LENGTH] ; memset(szReturnValue, 0, LANGUAGE_LENGTH); for (int i = 0; pszShortSign[i] != '\0'; ++i) szReturnValue[i] = (char) tolower(pszShortSign[i]); const espeak_VOICE **voices; espeak_VOICE voice_select; voices = espeak_ListVoices(NULL); const espeak_VOICE *v; for(int ix=0; (v = voices[ix]) != NULL; ix++) { if( !strrcmp( v->languages, szReturnValue) ) { strcpy(szReturnValue, v->name); return szReturnValue; } } // End for strcpy(szReturnValue, "default"); return szReturnValue; } // End function getvoicename void ListVoices() { const espeak_VOICE **voices; espeak_VOICE voice_select; voices = espeak_ListVoices(NULL); const espeak_VOICE *v; for(int ix=0; (v = voices[ix]) != NULL; ix++) { printf("Shortsign: %s\n", v->languages); printf("age: %d\n", v->age); printf("gender: %c\n", genders[v->gender]); printf("name: %s\n", v->name); printf("\n\n"); } // End for } // End function getvoicename int main() { printf("Hello World!\n"); const char* szVersionInfo = espeak_Info(NULL); printf("Espeak version: %s\n", szVersionInfo); samplerate = espeak_Initialize(AUDIO_OUTPUT_PLAYBACK,0,data_path,0); strcpy(voicename, "default"); // espeak --voices strcpy(voicename, "german"); strcpy(voicename, GetLanguageVoiceName("DE")); if(espeak_SetVoiceByName(voicename) != EE_OK) { printf("Espeak setvoice error...\n"); } static char word[200] = "Hello World" ; strcpy(word, "TV-fäns aufgepasst, es ist 20 Uhr 15. Zeit für Rambo 3"); strcpy(word, "Unnamed Player wurde zum Opfer von GSG9"); int speed = 220; int volume = 500; // volume in range 0-100 0=silence int pitch = 50; // base pitch, range 0-100. 50=normal // espeak.cpp 625 espeak_SetParameter(espeakRATE, speed, 0); espeak_SetParameter(espeakVOLUME,volume,0); espeak_SetParameter(espeakPITCH,pitch,0); // espeakRANGE: pitch range, range 0-100. 0-monotone, 50=normal // espeakPUNCTUATION: which punctuation characters to announce: // value in espeak_PUNCT_TYPE (none, all, some), espeak_VOICE *voice_spec = espeak_GetCurrentVoice(); voice_spec->gender=2; // 0=none 1=male, 2=female, //voice_spec->age = age; espeak_SetVoiceByProperties(voice_spec); espeak_Synth( (char*) word, strlen(word)+1, 0, POS_CHARACTER, 0, espeakCHARS_AUTO, NULL, NULL); espeak_Synchronize(); strcpy(voicename, GetLanguageVoiceName("EN")); espeak_SetVoiceByName(voicename); strcpy(word, "Geany was fragged by GSG9 Googlebot"); strcpy(word, "Googlebot"); espeak_Synth( (char*) word, strlen(word)+1, 0, POS_CHARACTER, 0, espeakCHARS_AUTO, NULL, NULL); espeak_Synchronize(); espeak_Terminate(); printf("Espeak terminated\n"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } /* if(espeak_SetVoiceByName(voicename) != EE_OK) { memset(&voice_select,0,sizeof(voice_select)); voice_select.languages = voicename; if(espeak_SetVoiceByProperties(&voice_select) != EE_OK) { fprintf(stderr,"%svoice '%s'\n",err_load,voicename); exit(2); } } */ The above code is for Linux. The below code is about as far as I got on Vista x64 (32 bit emu): #ifdef __cplusplus #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> #include <cstring> else #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> endif include include include "speak_lib.h" //#include "espeak/speak_lib.h" // libespeak-dev: /usr/include/espeak/speak_lib.h // apt-get install libespeak-dev // apt-get install libportaudio-dev // g++ -o mine mine.cpp -lespeak // g++ -o mine mine.cpp -I/usr/include/espeak/ -lespeak // gcc -o mine mine.cpp -I/usr/include/espeak/ -lespeak char voicename[40]; int iSampleRate; int quiet = 0; static char genders[4] = {' ','M','F',' '}; //const char *data_path = "/usr/share/"; // /usr/share/espeak-data/ //const char *data_path = NULL; // use default path for espeak-data const char *data_path = "C:\Users\Username\Desktop\espeak-1.43-source\espeak-1.43-source\"; int strrcmp(const char *s, const char *sub) { int slen = strlen(s); int sublen = strlen(sub); return memcmp(s + slen - sublen, sub, sublen); } char * strrcpy(char *dest, const char *source) { // Pre assertions assert(dest != NULL); assert(source != NULL); assert(dest != source); // tk: parentheses while((*dest++ = *source++)) ; return(--dest); } const char* GetLanguageVoiceName(const char* pszShortSign) { #define LANGUAGE_LENGTH 30 static char szReturnValue[LANGUAGE_LENGTH] ; memset(szReturnValue, 0, LANGUAGE_LENGTH); for (int i = 0; pszShortSign[i] != '\0'; ++i) szReturnValue[i] = (char) tolower(pszShortSign[i]); const espeak_VOICE **voices; espeak_VOICE voice_select; voices = espeak_ListVoices(NULL); const espeak_VOICE *v; for(int ix=0; (v = voices[ix]) != NULL; ix++) { if( !strrcmp( v->languages, szReturnValue) ) { strcpy(szReturnValue, v->name); return szReturnValue; } } // End for strcpy(szReturnValue, "default"); return szReturnValue; } // End function getvoicename void ListVoices() { const espeak_VOICE **voices; espeak_VOICE voice_select; voices = espeak_ListVoices(NULL); const espeak_VOICE *v; for(int ix=0; (v = voices[ix]) != NULL; ix++) { printf("Shortsign: %s\n", v->languages); printf("age: %d\n", v->age); printf("gender: %c\n", genders[v->gender]); printf("name: %s\n", v->name); printf("\n\n"); } // End for } // End function getvoicename /* Callback from espeak. Directly speaks using AudioTrack. */ define LOGI(x) printf("%s\n", x) static int AndroidEspeakDirectSpeechCallback(short *wav, int numsamples, espeak_EVENT *events) { char buf[100]; sprintf(buf, "AndroidEspeakDirectSpeechCallback: %d samples", numsamples); LOGI(buf); if (wav == NULL) { LOGI("Null: speech has completed"); } if (numsamples > 0) { //audout->write(wav, sizeof(short) * numsamples); sprintf(buf, "AudioTrack wrote: %d bytes", sizeof(short) * numsamples); LOGI(buf); } return 0; // continue synthesis (1 is to abort) } static int AndroidEspeakSynthToFileCallback(short *wav, int numsamples,espeak_EVENT *events) { char buf[100]; sprintf(buf, "AndroidEspeakSynthToFileCallback: %d samples", numsamples); LOGI(buf); if (wav == NULL) { LOGI("Null: speech has completed"); } // The user data should contain the file pointer of the file to write to //void* user_data = events->user_data; FILE* user_data = fopen ( "myfile1.wav" , "ab" ); FILE* fp = static_cast<FILE *>(user_data); // Write all of the samples fwrite(wav, sizeof(short), numsamples, fp); return 0; // continue synthesis (1 is to abort) } int main() { printf("Hello World!\n"); const char* szVersionInfo = espeak_Info(NULL); printf("Espeak version: %s\n", szVersionInfo); iSampleRate = espeak_Initialize(AUDIO_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS, 4096, data_path, 0); if (iSampleRate <= 0) { printf("Unable to initialize espeak"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } //samplerate = espeak_Initialize(AUDIO_OUTPUT_PLAYBACK,0,data_path,0); //ListVoices(); strcpy(voicename, "default"); // espeak --voices //strcpy(voicename, "german"); //strcpy(voicename, GetLanguageVoiceName("DE")); if(espeak_SetVoiceByName(voicename) != EE_OK) { printf("Espeak setvoice error...\n"); } static char word[200] = "Hello World" ; strcpy(word, "TV-fäns aufgepasst, es ist 20 Uhr 15. Zeit für Rambo 3"); strcpy(word, "Unnamed Player wurde zum Opfer von GSG9"); int speed = 220; int volume = 500; // volume in range 0-100 0=silence int pitch = 50; // base pitch, range 0-100. 50=normal // espeak.cpp 625 espeak_SetParameter(espeakRATE, speed, 0); espeak_SetParameter(espeakVOLUME,volume,0); espeak_SetParameter(espeakPITCH,pitch,0); // espeakRANGE: pitch range, range 0-100. 0-monotone, 50=normal // espeakPUNCTUATION: which punctuation characters to announce: // value in espeak_PUNCT_TYPE (none, all, some), //espeak_VOICE *voice_spec = espeak_GetCurrentVoice(); //voice_spec->gender=2; // 0=none 1=male, 2=female, //voice_spec->age = age; //espeak_SetVoiceByProperties(voice_spec); //espeak_SetSynthCallback(AndroidEspeakDirectSpeechCallback); espeak_SetSynthCallback(AndroidEspeakSynthToFileCallback); unsigned int unique_identifier; espeak_ERROR err = espeak_Synth( (char*) word, strlen(word)+1, 0, POS_CHARACTER, 0, espeakCHARS_AUTO, &unique_identifier, NULL); err = espeak_Synchronize(); /* strcpy(voicename, GetLanguageVoiceName("EN")); espeak_SetVoiceByName(voicename); strcpy(word, "Geany was fragged by GSG9 Googlebot"); strcpy(word, "Googlebot"); espeak_Synth( (char*) word, strlen(word)+1, 0, POS_CHARACTER, 0, espeakCHARS_AUTO, NULL, NULL); espeak_Synchronize(); */ // espeak_Cancel(); espeak_Terminate(); printf("Espeak terminated\n"); system("pause"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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  • Threading across multiple files

    - by Zach M.
    My program is reading in files and using thread to compute the highest prime number, when I put a print statement into the getNum() function my numbers are printing out. However, it seems to just lag no matter how many threads I input. Each file has 1 million integers in it. Does anyone see something apparently wrong with my code? Basically the code is giving each thread 1000 integers to check before assigning a new thread. I am still a C noobie and am just learning the ropes of threading. My code is a mess right now because I have been switching things around constantly. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <math.h> #include <semaphore.h> //Global variable declaration char *file1 = "primes1.txt"; char *file2 = "primes2.txt"; char *file3 = "primes3.txt"; char *file4 = "primes4.txt"; char *file5 = "primes5.txt"; char *file6 = "primes6.txt"; char *file7 = "primes7.txt"; char *file8 = "primes8.txt"; char *file9 = "primes9.txt"; char *file10 = "primes10.txt"; char **fn; //file name variable int numberOfThreads; int *highestPrime = NULL; int fileArrayNum = 0; int loop = 0; int currentFile = 0; sem_t semAccess; sem_t semAssign; int prime(int n)//check for prime number, return 1 for prime 0 for nonprime { int i; for(i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) if(n % i == 0) return(0); return(1); } int getNum(FILE* file) { int number; char* tempS = malloc(20 *sizeof(char)); fgets(tempS, 20, file); tempS[strlen(tempS)-1] = '\0'; number = atoi(tempS); free(tempS);//free memory for later call return(number); } void* findPrimality(void *threadnum) //main thread function to find primes { int tNum = (int)threadnum; int checkNum; char *inUseFile = NULL; int x=1; FILE* file; while(currentFile < 10){ if(inUseFile == NULL){//inUseFIle being used to check if a file is still being read sem_wait(&semAccess);//critical section inUseFile = fn[currentFile]; sem_post(&semAssign); file = fopen(inUseFile, "r"); while(!feof(file)){ if(x % 1000 == 0 && tNum !=1){ //go for 1000 integers and then wait sem_wait(&semAssign); } checkNum = getNum(file); /* * * * * I think the issue is here * * * */ if(checkNum > highestPrime[tNum]){ if(prime(checkNum)){ highestPrime[tNum] = checkNum; } } x++; } fclose(file); inUseFile = NULL; } currentFile++; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if(argc != 2){ //checks for number of arguements being passed printf("To many ARGS\n"); return(-1); } else{//Sets thread cound to user input checking for correct number of threads numberOfThreads = atoi(argv[1]); if(numberOfThreads < 1 || numberOfThreads > 10){ printf("To many threads entered\n"); return(-1); } time_t preTime, postTime; //creating time variables int i; fn = malloc(10 * sizeof(char*)); //create file array and initialize fn[0] = file1; fn[1] = file2; fn[2] = file3; fn[3] = file4; fn[4] = file5; fn[5] = file6; fn[6] = file7; fn[7] = file8; fn[8] = file9; fn[9] = file10; sem_init(&semAccess, 0, 1); //initialize semaphores sem_init(&semAssign, 0, numberOfThreads); highestPrime = malloc(numberOfThreads * sizeof(int)); //create an array to store each threads highest number for(loop = 0; loop < numberOfThreads; loop++){//set initial values to 0 highestPrime[loop] = 0; } pthread_t calculationThread[numberOfThreads]; //thread to do the work preTime = time(NULL); //start the clock for(i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++){ pthread_create(&calculationThread[i], NULL, findPrimality, (void *)i); } for(i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++){ pthread_join(calculationThread[i], NULL); } for(i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++){ printf("this is a prime number: %d \n", highestPrime[i]); } postTime= time(NULL); printf("Wall time: %ld seconds\n", (long)(postTime - preTime)); } } Yes I am trying to find the highest number over all. So I have made some head way the last few hours, rescucturing the program as spudd said, currently I am getting a segmentation fault due to my use of structures, I am trying to save the largest individual primes in the struct while giving them the right indices. This is the revised code. So in short what the first thread is doing is creating all the threads and giving them access points to a very large integer array which they will go through and find prime numbers, I want to implement semaphores around the while loop so that while they are executing every 2000 lines or the end they update a global prime number. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <math.h> #include <semaphore.h> //Global variable declaration char *file1 = "primes1.txt"; char *file2 = "primes2.txt"; char *file3 = "primes3.txt"; char *file4 = "primes4.txt"; char *file5 = "primes5.txt"; char *file6 = "primes6.txt"; char *file7 = "primes7.txt"; char *file8 = "primes8.txt"; char *file9 = "primes9.txt"; char *file10 = "primes10.txt"; int numberOfThreads; int entries[10000000]; int entryIndex = 0; int fileCount = 0; char** fileName; int largestPrimeNumber = 0; //Register functions int prime(int n); int getNum(FILE* file); void* findPrimality(void *threadNum); void* assign(void *num); typedef struct package{ int largestPrime; int startingIndex; int numberCount; }pack; //Beging main code block int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if(argc != 2){ //checks for number of arguements being passed printf("To many threads!!\n"); return(-1); } else{ //Sets thread cound to user input checking for correct number of threads numberOfThreads = atoi(argv[1]); if(numberOfThreads < 1 || numberOfThreads > 10){ printf("To many threads entered\n"); return(-1); } int threadPointer[numberOfThreads]; //Pointer array to point to entries time_t preTime, postTime; //creating time variables int i; fileName = malloc(10 * sizeof(char*)); //create file array and initialize fileName[0] = file1; fileName[1] = file2; fileName[2] = file3; fileName[3] = file4; fileName[4] = file5; fileName[5] = file6; fileName[6] = file7; fileName[7] = file8; fileName[8] = file9; fileName[9] = file10; FILE* filereader; int currentNum; for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){ filereader = fopen(fileName[i], "r"); while(!feof(filereader)){ char* tempString = malloc(20 *sizeof(char)); fgets(tempString, 20, filereader); tempString[strlen(tempString)-1] = '\0'; entries[entryIndex] = atoi(tempString); entryIndex++; free(tempString); } } //sem_init(&semAccess, 0, 1); //initialize semaphores //sem_init(&semAssign, 0, numberOfThreads); time_t tPre, tPost; pthread_t coordinate; tPre = time(NULL); pthread_create(&coordinate, NULL, assign, (void**)numberOfThreads); pthread_join(coordinate, NULL); tPost = time(NULL); } } void* findPrime(void* pack_array) { pack* currentPack= pack_array; int lp = currentPack->largestPrime; int si = currentPack->startingIndex; int nc = currentPack->numberCount; int i; int j = 0; for(i = si; i < nc; i++){ while(j < 2000 || i == (nc-1)){ if(prime(entries[i])){ if(entries[i] > lp) lp = entries[i]; } j++; } } return (void*)currentPack; } void* assign(void* num) { int y = (int)num; int i; int count = 10000000/y; int finalCount = count + (10000000%y); int sIndex = 0; pack pack_array[(int)num]; pthread_t workers[numberOfThreads]; //thread to do the workers for(i = 0; i < y; i++){ if(i == (y-1)){ pack_array[i].largestPrime = 0; pack_array[i].startingIndex = sIndex; pack_array[i].numberCount = finalCount; } pack_array[i].largestPrime = 0; pack_array[i].startingIndex = sIndex; pack_array[i].numberCount = count; pthread_create(&workers[i], NULL, findPrime, (void *)&pack_array[i]); sIndex += count; } for(i = 0; i< y; i++) pthread_join(workers[i], NULL); } //Functions int prime(int n)//check for prime number, return 1 for prime 0 for nonprime { int i; for(i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) if(n % i == 0) return(0); return(1); }

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  • On checking is a port open on the firewall?

    - by [email protected]
    Hi, well sometimes DBAs and sysadmin need to check if a particular port is "open" on the corporate firewall --i.e. *Grid Control* Will the communication between OMS and a management agent work? --One solution well consist on deploying the piece of software in question, start it and just check if everything works fine, however i find more classy trying to get that information beforeThere are several tools for doing so --i.e. nmap *like Trinity on The Matrix*, but just found a nice piece of code for establishing a socket on a parameter passed port.After running the program doing a telnet from the client machine  will be a walk in the park Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {      int sockfd, newsockfd, portno, clilen;      char buffer[256];      struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;      int n;      if (argc < 2) {          fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: A port must be provided. Aborting ...\n");          return 1;      }      sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);      if (sockfd < 0)          {         fprintf("ERROR: Unable to open socket. Aborting ...\n");         return 1;       }      portno = atoi(argv[1]);      serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;      serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;      serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);      if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)          {               fprintf("ERROR: Unable to bind socket. Aborting ...\n");               return 1;       }      listen(sockfd,5);      clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);      newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr,&clilen);      if (newsockfd < 0)          {           fprintf("ERROR: Unable to accept connection. Aborting...\n");           return 1;        }      return 0; }Of course, you can still ask to the network guy if the port is open or notHope it helpsL

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  • Documentation Changes in Solaris 11.1

    - by alanc
    One of the first places you can see Solaris 11.1 changes are in the docs, which have now been posted in the Solaris 11.1 Library on docs.oracle.com. I spent a good deal of time reviewing documentation for this release, and thought some would be interesting to blog about, but didn't review all the changes (not by a long shot), and am not going to cover all the changes here, so there's plenty left for you to discover on your own. Just comparing the Solaris 11.1 Library list of docs against the Solaris 11 list will show a lot of reorganization and refactoring of the doc set, especially in the system administration guides. Hopefully the new break down will make it easier to get straight to the sections you need when a task is at hand. Packaging System Unfortunately, the excellent in-depth guide for how to build packages for the new Image Packaging System (IPS) in Solaris 11 wasn't done in time to make the initial Solaris 11 doc set. An interim version was published shortly after release, in PDF form on the OTN IPS page. For Solaris 11.1 it was included in the doc set, as Packaging and Delivering Software With the Image Packaging System in Oracle Solaris 11.1, so should be easier to find, and easier to share links to specific pages the HTML version. Beyond just how to build a package, it includes details on how Solaris is packaged, and how package updates work, which may be useful to all system administrators who deal with Solaris 11 upgrades & installations. The Adding and Updating Oracle Solaris 11.1 Software Packages was also extended, including new sections on Relaxing Version Constraints Specified by Incorporations and Locking Packages to a Specified Version that may be of interest to those who want to keep the Solaris 11 versions of certain packages when they upgrade, such as the couple of packages that had functionality removed by an (unusual for an update release) End of Feature process in the 11.1 release. Also added in this release is a document containing the lists of all the packages in each of the major package groups in Solaris 11.1 (solaris-desktop, solaris-large-server, and solaris-small-server). While you can simply get the contents of those groups from the package repository, either via the web interface or the pkg command line, the documentation puts them in handy tables for easier side-by-side comparison, or viewing the lists before you've installed the system to pick which one you want to initially install. X Window System We've not had good X11 coverage in the online Solaris docs in a while, mostly relying on the man pages, and upstream X.Org docs. In this release, we've integrated some X coverage into the Solaris 11.1 Desktop Adminstrator's Guide, including sections on installing fonts for fontconfig or legacy X11 clients, X server configuration, and setting up remote access via X11 or VNC. Of course we continue to work on improving the docs, including a lot of contributions to the upstream docs all OS'es share (more about that another time). Security One of the things Oracle likes to do for its products is to publish security guides for administrators & developers to know how to build systems that meet their security needs. For Solaris, we started this with Solaris 11, providing a guide for sysadmins to find where the security relevant configuration options were documented. The Solaris 11.1 Security Guidelines extend this to cover new security features, such as Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and Read-Only Zones, as well as adding additional guidelines for existing features, such as how to limit the size of tmpfs filesystems, to avoid users driving the system into swap thrashing situations. For developers, the corresponding document is the Developer's Guide to Oracle Solaris 11 Security, which has been the source for years for documentation of security-relevant Solaris API's such as PAM, GSS-API, and the Solaris Cryptographic Framework. For Solaris 11.1, a new appendix was added to start providing Secure Coding Guidelines for Developers, leveraging the CERT Secure Coding Standards and OWASP guidelines to provide the base recommendations for common programming languages and their standard API's. Solaris specific secure programming guidance was added via links to other documentation in the product doc set. In parallel, we updated the Solaris C Libary Functions security considerations list with details of Solaris 11 enhancements such as FD_CLOEXEC flags, additional *at() functions, and new stdio functions such as asprintf() and getline(). A number of code examples throughout the Solaris 11.1 doc set were updated to follow these recommendations, changing unbounded strcpy() calls to strlcpy(), sprintf() to snprintf(), etc. so that developers following our examples start out with safer code. The Writing Device Drivers guide even had the appendix updated to list which of these utility functions, like snprintf() and strlcpy(), are now available via the Kernel DDI. Little Things Of course all the big new features got documented, and some major efforts were put into refactoring and renovation, but there were also a lot of smaller things that got fixed as well in the nearly a year between the Solaris 11 and 11.1 doc releases - again too many to list here, but a random sampling of the ones I know about & found interesting or useful: The Privileges section of the DTrace Guide now gives users a pointer to find out how to set up DTrace privileges for non-global zones and what limitations are in place there. A new section on Recommended iSCSI Configuration Practices was added to the iSCSI configuration section when it moved into the SAN Configuration and Multipathing administration guide. The Managing System Power Services section contains an expanded explanation of the various tunables for power management in Solaris 11.1. The sample dcmd sources in /usr/demo/mdb were updated to include ::help output, so that developers like myself who follow the examples don't forget to include it (until a helpful code reviewer pointed it out while reviewing the mdb module changes for Xorg 1.12). The README file in that directory was updated to show the correct paths for installing both kernel & userspace modules, including the 64-bit variants.

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  • Speed up executable program Linux. Bit Toggling

    - by AK_47
    I have a ZyBo circuit board which has a ArmV7 processor. I wrote a C program to output a clock and a corresponding data sequence on a PMOD. The PMOD has a switching speed of up to 50MHz. However, my program's created clock only has a max frequency of 115 Hz. I need this program to output as fast as possible because the PMOD I'm using is capable of 50MHz. I compiled my program with the following code line: gcc -ofast (c_program) Here is some sample code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define ARRAYSIZE 511 //________________________________________ //macro for the SIGNAL PMOD //________________________________________ //DATA //ZYBO Use Pin JE1 #define INIT_SIGNAL system("echo 54 > /sys/class/gpio/export"); system("echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio54/direction"); #define SIGNAL_ON system("echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio54/value"); #define SIGNAL_OFF system("echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio54/value"); //________________________________________ //macro for the "CLOCK" PMOD //________________________________________ //CLOCK //ZYBO Use Pin JE4 #define INIT_MYCLOCK system("echo 57 > /sys/class/gpio/export"); system("echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio57/direction"); #define MYCLOCK_ON system("echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio57/value"); #define MYCLOCK_OFF system("echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio57/value"); int main(void){ int myarray[ARRAYSIZE] = {//hard coded array for signal data 1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 }; INIT_SIGNAL INIT_MYCLOCK; //infinite loop int i; do{ i = 0; do{ /* 1020 is chosen because it is twice the size needed allowing for the changes in the clock. (511= 0-510, 510*2= 1020 ==> 0-1020 needed, so 1021 it is) */ if((i%2)==0) { MYCLOCK_ON; if(myarray[i/2] == 1){ SIGNAL_ON; }else{ SIGNAL_OFF; } } else if((i%2)==1) { MYCLOCK_OFF; //dont need to change the signal since it will just stay at whatever it was. } ++i; } while(i < 1021); } while(1); return 0; } I'm using the 'system' call to tell the system to output 1 volt or 0 volts onto a pin on the board (to represent the data signal and clock signal. One pin for the data and another for the clock). That was the only way I knew to tell the system to output a voltage. What can I do to make my executable program output to be at least in the magnitude of MegaHertz?

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  • How to use c++0x thread in Android NDK?

    - by m-ric
    I am trying to compile this simple program with android-ndk-r8b: jni/hello_jni.cpp #include <iostream> #include <thread> void hello() { std::cout << "Hi i'm a thread!!!" << std::endl; } int main() { std::thread th(hello); th.join(); return 0; } jni/Application.mk APP_OPTIM := release APP_MODULES := hello_thread APP_STL := gnustl_static jni/Android.mk LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += -std=c++0x -frtti LOCAL_MODULE := hello_thread LOCAL_LDLIBS := -L$(SYSROOT)/usr/lib -pthread LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello_thread.cpp include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE) ndk-build returns me an error arguin that 'thread' is not a member of 'std'. I issued ndk-build -n to get the compilation command and issued it alone in my shell: /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.6/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-g++ -MMD -MP -MF /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/obj/local/armeabi/objs/hello_thread/hello_thread.o.d -fpic -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector -D__ARM_ARCH_5__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5T__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5E__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5TE__ -march=armv5te -mtune=xscale -msoft-float -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -mthumb -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -finline-limit=64 -I/home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include -I/home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/libs/armeabi/include -I/home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/jni -DANDROID -Wa,--noexecstack -std=c++0x -frtti -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -I/home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include -c /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/jni/hello_thread.cpp -o /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/obj/local/armeabi/objs/hello_thread/hello_thread.o Compile++ thumb : hello_thread <= hello_thread.cpp In file included from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/stdio.h:55:0, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/wchar.h:33, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include/cwchar:46, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include/bits/postypes.h:42, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include/iosfwd:42, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include/ios:39, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include/ostream:40, from /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.6/include/iostream:40, from jni/hello_thread.cpp:4: /home/evigier/android-ndk-r8b/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include/sys/types.h:124:9: error: 'uint64_t' does not name a type /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/jni/hello_thread.cpp: In function 'int main()': /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/jni/hello_thread.cpp:14:5: error: 'thread' is not a member of 'std' /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/jni/hello_thread.cpp:14:17: error: expected ';' before 'th' /home/evigier/eclipse_workspace/hello_thread/jni/hello_thread.cpp:15:5: error: 'th' was not declared in this scope I read a lot of threads/questions about POSIX threads and C++ threads, but still cannot find my answer. My arm-linux-androideabi/include/c++/4.6/thread file defines class thread in std only: #if defined(_GLIBCXX_HAS_GTHREADS) && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1) They don't seem to be defined in my sdk (c++config.h). But how can I possibly turn them on safely? Do i need to compile my own toolchain to use (non-p)threads? My host computer is : Linux evigier-ThinkPad-X220 3.0.0-17-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 8 20:45:39 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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  • adresse book with C programming, i have problem with library i think, couldn't complite my code

    - by osabri
    I've divided my code in small programm so it can be easy to excute /* ab_error.c : in case of errors following messages will be displayed */ #include "adressbook.h" static char *errormsg[] = { "", "\nNot enough space on disk", "\nCannot open file", "\nCannot read file", "\nCannot write file" }; void check(int error) { switch(error) { case 0: return; case 1: write_file(); case 2: case 3: case 4: system("cls"); fputs(errormsg[error], stderr); exit(error); } } 2nd /* ab_fileio.c : functions for file input/output */ include "adressbook.h" static char ab_file[] = "ADRESSBOOK.DAT"; //file to save the entries int read_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *new_e, *last_e = NULL; DATA buffer; if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "rb")) == NULL) return -1; //no file found while (fread(&buffer, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) == 1) //reads one list element after another { if( (new_e = make_element()) == NULL) { error = 1; break; //not enough space } new_e->person = buffer; //copy data to new element new_e->next = NULL; if(hol.first == NULL) //list is empty? hol.first = new_e; //yes else last_e->next = new_e; //no last_e = new_e; ++hol.amount; } if( !error && !feof(fp) ) error = 3; //cannot read file fclose(fp); return error; } /-------------------------------/ int write_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *p; if( (p = hol.first) == NULL) return 0; //list is empty if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "wb")) == NULL) return 2; //cannot open while( p!= NULL) { if( fwrite(&p->person, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) < 1) { error = 4; break; //cannot write } p = p->next; } fclose(fp); return error; } 3rd /* ab_list.c : functions to manipulate the list */ #include "adressbook.h" HOL hol = {0, NULL}; //global definition for head of list /* -------------------- */ ELEMENT *make_element(void) { return (ELEMENT *)malloc( sizeof(ELEMENT) ); } /* -------------------- */ int ins_element( DATA *newdata) { ELEMENT *new_e, *pre_p; if((new_e = make_element()) == NULL) return 1; new_e ->person = *newdata; // copy data to new element pre_p = search(new_e->person.family_name); if(pre_p == NULL) //no person in list { new_e->next = hol.first; //put it to the begin hol.first = new_e; } else { new_e->next = pre_p->next; pre_p->next = new_e; } ++hol.amount; return 0; } int erase_element( char name, char surname ) { return 0; } /* ---------------------*/ ELEMENT *search(char *name) { ELEMENT *sp, *retp; //searchpointer, returnpointer retp = NULL; sp = hol.first; while(sp != NULL && sp->person.family_name != name) { retp = sp; sp = sp->next; } return(retp); } 4th /* ab_screen.c : functions for printing information on screen */ #include "adressbook.h" #include <conio.h> #include <ctype.h> /* standard prompts for in- and output */ static char pgmname[] = "---- Oussama's Adressbook made in splendid C ----"; static char options[] = "\ 1: Enter new adress\n\n\ 2: Delete entry\n\n\ 3: Change entry\n\n\ 4: Print adress\n\n\ Esc: Exit\n\n\n\ Your choice . . .: "; static char prompt[] = "\ Name . . . .:\n\ Surname . . :\n\n\ Street . . .:\n\n\ House number:\n\n\ Postal code :\n\n\ Phone number:"; static char buttons[] = "\ <Esc> = cancel input <Backspace> = correct input\ <Return> = assume"; static char headline[] = "\ Name Surname Street House Postal code Phone number \n\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------"; static char further[] = "\ -------- continue with any key --------"; /* ---------------------------------- */ int menu(void) //show menu and read user input { int c; system ("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); printf("%s", options); while( (c = getch()) != ESC && (c < '1' || c > '4')) putch('\a'); return c; } /* ---------------------------------- */ int print_adr_book(void) //display adressbook { int line = 1; ELEMENT *p = hol.first; system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(2,0); puts(headline); set_cur(5,0); while(p != NULL) //run through list and show entries { printf("%5d %-15s ",line, p->person.family_name); printf("%-12s %-15s ", p->person.given_name, p->person.street); printf("%-4d %-5d %-12d\n",p->person.house_number, p->person.postal_code, p->person.phone); p = p->next; if( p == NULL || ++line %16 == 1) //end of list or screen is full { set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",further); if( getch() == ESC) return 0; set_cur(5,0); scroll_up(0,5,24);//puts(headline); } } return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------*/ int make_entry(void) { char cache[50]; DATA newperson; ELEMENT *p; while(1) { system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); puts("Please enter new data:"); set_cur(10,0); puts(prompt); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",buttons); balken(10, 25, MAXL, ' ',0x70); //input name if(input(newperson.family_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(12,25, MAXL, ' ', 0x70); //surname if(input(newperson.given_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(14,25, 30, ' ', 0x70); //street if(input(newperson.street, 30, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(16,25, 4, ' ',0x70); //housenumber if(input(cache, 4, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.house_number = atol(cache); //to string balken(18,25, 5, ' ',0x70); //postal code if(input(cache, 5, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.postal_code = atol(cache); //to string balken(20,25, 20, ' ',0x70); //phone number if(input(cache, 20, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.phone = atol(cache); //to string p = search(newperson.phone); if( p!= NULL && p->person.phone == newperson.phone) { set_cur(22,25); puts("phonenumber already exists!"); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s, further"); getch(); continue; } } } 5th /* adress_book_project.c : main program to create an adressbook */ /* copyrights by Oussama Sabri, June 2010 */ #include "adressbook.h" //project header file int main() { int rv, cmd; //return value, user command if ( (rv = read_file() ) == -1) // no data saved yet rv = make_entry(); check(rv); //prompts an error and quits program on disfunction do { switch (cmd = menu())//calls menu and gets user input back { case '1': rv = make_entry(); break; case '2': //delete entry case '3': //changes entry rv = change_entry(cmd); break; case '4': //prints adressbook on screen rv = print_adr_book(); break; case ESC: //end of program system ("cls"); rv = 0; break; } }while(cmd!= ESC); check ( write_file() ); //save adressbook return 0; } 6th /* Getcb.c --> Die Funktion getcb() liefert die naechste * * Tastatureingabe (ruft den BIOS-INT 0x16 auf). * * Return-Wert: * * ASCII-Code bzw. erweiterter Code + 256 */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> int getcb(void) { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 0; // Subfunktion 0: ein Zeichen // von der Tastatur lesen. int86( 0x16, &intregs, &intregs); if( intregs.h.al != 0) // Falls ASCII-Zeichen, return (intregs.h.al); // dieses zurueckgeben. else // Sonst den erweiterten return (intregs.h.ah + 0x100); // Code + 256 } 7th /* PUTCB.C --> enthaelt die Funktionen * * - putcb() * * - putcb9() * * - balken() * * - input() * * * * Es werden die Funktionen 9 und 14 des Video-Interrupts * * (ROM-BIOS-Interrupt 0x10) verwendet. * * * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen stehen in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb(c) gibt das Zeichen auf der aktuellen Cursor-Position * am Bildschirm aus. Der Cursor wird versetzt. * Steuerzeichen Back-Space, CR, LF und BELL werden * ausgefuehrt. * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb(unsigned char c) /* Gibt das Zeichen in c auf */ { /* den Bildschirm aus. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 14; /* Subfunktion 14 ("Teletype") */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.h.bl = 0xf; /* Vordergrund-Farbe im */ /* Grafik-Modus. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb9(c,count,mode) gibt das Zeichen in c count-mal im * angegebenen Modus auf der aktuellen * Cursor-Position am Bildschirm aus. * Der Cursor wird nicht versetzt. * * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb9( unsigned char c, /* das Zeichen */ unsigned count, /* die Anzahl */ unsigned mode ) /* Low-Byte: das Atrribut */ { /* High-Byte: die Bildschirmseite*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 9; /* Subfunktion 9 des Int 0x10 */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.x.bx = mode; intregs.x.cx = count; int86( VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * balken() positioniert den Cursor und zeichnet einen Balken, * wobei Position, L„nge, Fllzeichen und Attribut * als Argumente bergeben werden. * Der Cursor bleibt auf der ersten Position im Balken. */ void balken( unsigned int zeile, /* Start-Position */ unsigned int spalte, unsigned int laenge, /* Laenge des Balkens */ unsigned char c, /* Fuellzeichen */ unsigned int modus) /* Low-Byte: Attribut */ /* High-Byte: Bildschirmseite */ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; /* Cursor auf der angegebenen */ intregs.h.dh = zeile; /* Bildschirmseite versetzen. */ intregs.h.dl = spalte; intregs.h.bh = (modus >> 8); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); putcb9(c, laenge, modus); /* Balken ausgeben. */ } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * input() liest Zeichen von der Tastatur ein und haengt '\0' an. * Mit Backspace kann die Eingabe geloescht werden. * Das Attribut am Bildschirm bleibt erhalten. * * Argumente: 1. Zeiger auf den Eingabepuffer. * 2. Anzahl maximal einzulesender Zeichen. * 3. Die optionalen Argumente: Zeichen, mit denen die * Eingabe abgebrochen werden kann. * Diese Liste muá mit CR = '\r' enden! * Return-Wert: Das Zeichen, mit dem die Eingabe abgebrochen wurde. */ #include <stdarg.h> int getcb( void); /* Zum Lesen der Tastatur */ int input(char *puffer, int max,... ) { int c; /* aktuelles Zeichen */ int breakc; /* Abruchzeichen */ int nc = 0; /* Anzahl eingelesener Zeichen */ va_list argp; /* Zeiger auf die weiteren Arumente */ while(1) { *puffer = '\0'; va_start(argp, max); /* argp initialisieren */ c = getcb(); do /* Mit Zeichen der Abbruchliste vergleichen */ if(c == (breakc = va_arg(argp,int)) ) return(breakc); while( breakc != '\r' ); va_end( argp); if( c == '\b' && nc > 0) /* Backspace? */ { --nc; --puffer; putcb(c); putcb(' '); putcb(c); } else if( c >= 32 && c <= 255 && nc < max ) { ++nc; *puffer++ = c; putcb(c); } else if( nc == max) putcb('\7'); /* Ton ausgeben */ } } 8th /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* BIO.H --> Enthaelt die Prototypen der BIOS-Funktionen. */ /* --- Funktionen in VIDEO.C --- */ extern void scroll_up(int anzahl, int anf_zeile,int end_zeile); extern void scroll_down(int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile); extern void set_cur(int zeile, int spalte); extern void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte); extern void cls(void); extern int get_screen_page(void); extern void set_screen_page(int page); /* --- Funktionen in GETCB.C / PUTCB.C --- */ extern int getcb(void); extern void putcb(int c); extern void putcb9(int c, unsigned count, unsigned modus); extern void balken(int zeile, int spalte, int laenge, int c, unsigned modus); extern int input(char *puffer, int max,... ); need your help, can't find my mistakes:((

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  • pthreads_setaffinity_np: Invalid argument?

    - by hahuang65
    I've managed to get my pthreads program sort of working. Basically I am trying to manually set the affinity of 4 threads such that thread 1 runs on CPU 1, thread 2 runs on CPU 2, thread 3 runs on CPU 3, and thread 4 runs on CPU 4. After compiling, my code works for a few threads but not others (seems like thread 1 never works) but running the same compiled program a couple of different times gives me different results. For example: hao@Gorax:~/Desktop$ ./a.out Thread 3 is running on CPU 3 pthread_setaffinity_np: Invalid argument Thread Thread 2 is running on CPU 2 hao@Gorax:~/Desktop$ ./a.out Thread 2 is running on CPU 2 pthread_setaffinity_np: Invalid argument pthread_setaffinity_np: Invalid argument Thread 3 is running on CPU 3 Thread 3 is running on CPU 3 hao@Gorax:~/Desktop$ ./a.out Thread 2 is running on CPU 2 pthread_setaffinity_np: Invalid argument Thread 4 is running on CPU 4 Thread 4 is running on CPU 4 hao@Gorax:~/Desktop$ ./a.out pthread_setaffinity_np: Invalid argument My question is "Why does this happen? Also, why does the message sometimes print twice?" Here is the code: #define _GNU_SOURCE #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sched.h> #include <errno.h> #define handle_error_en(en, msg) \ do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0) void *thread_function(char *message) { int s, j, number; pthread_t thread; cpu_set_t cpuset; number = (int)message; thread = pthread_self(); CPU_SET(number, &cpuset); s = pthread_setaffinity_np(thread, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &cpuset); if (s != 0) { handle_error_en(s, "pthread_setaffinity_np"); } printf("Thread %d is running on CPU %d\n", number, sched_getcpu()); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } int main() { pthread_t thread1, thread2, thread3, thread4; int thread1Num = 1; int thread2Num = 2; int thread3Num = 3; int thread4Num = 4; int thread1Create, thread2Create, thread3Create, thread4Create, i, temp; thread1Create = pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, (void *)thread_function, (char *)thread1Num); thread2Create = pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, (void *)thread_function, (char *)thread2Num); thread3Create = pthread_create(&thread3, NULL, (void *)thread_function, (char *)thread3Num); thread4Create = pthread_create(&thread4, NULL, (void *)thread_function, (char *)thread4Num); pthread_join(thread1, NULL); pthread_join(thread2, NULL); pthread_join(thread3, NULL); pthread_join(thread4, NULL); return 0; }

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  • Mercurial over ssh client and server on Windows

    - by Ben Von Handorf
    I'm trying to configure Mercurial for use with both a windows server (freeSSHd) and client (both command line and TortoiseHG). I'm using the most recent versions of everything... all downloaded in the past few days. Using public key auth, I have been able to get connected to the server and I'm able to use plink to execute "hg version" and get a response, but when I try to clone a repository from the ssh server the command appears to hang. Running with -v yields: hg -v clone ssh://<username>@<server>//hg/repositoryA testRepositoryA running "plink.exe -i "<path to private key file>" <username>@<server> "hg -R /hg/repositoryA serve --stdio"" with nothing more forthcoming. Running the hg serve command directly on the server yields an apparently responsive Mercurial server, but the clients do not seem to make any further requests. Running "hg serve" in the repository directory and cloning over http works perfectly. What should I be looking for to help debug this? Is there something the clients (hg and TortoiseHG) aren't sending to continue the request stream? Additional Information: If I change to an invalid repository on the target machine, the appropriate error is displayed, so it does appear that the remote hg is running and correctly evaluating the path. Running with --debug and --traceback results in: sending hello command sending between command It hangs here, until I CTRL-C Traceback (most recent call last): File "mercurial\dispatch.pyo", line 46, in _runcatch File "mercurial\dispatch.pyo", line 452, in _dispatch File "mercurial\dispatch.pyo", line 320, in runcommand File "mercurial\dispatch.pyo", line 504, in _runcommand File "mercurial\dispatch.pyo", line 457, in checkargs File "mercurial\dispatch.pyo", line 451, in <lambda> File "mercurial\util.pyo", line 402, in check File "mercurial\commands.pyo", line 636, in clone File "mercurial\hg.pyo", line 187, in clone File "mercurial\hg.pyo", line 63, in repository File "mercurial\sshrepo.pyo", line 51, in __init__ File "mercurial\sshrepo.pyo", line 73, in validate_repo KeyboardInterrupt interrupted! Responding to Ryan: There does not appear to be any CPU usage or increasing memory usage on the server. It appears to be waiting for the client to send a request or something similar. 11/19/2009 : More information: The problem is definitely in the freeSSHd/server side of the equation. Connecting to bitbucket over ssh with the same keyset works fine. Still working on this.

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  • Binary Search Tree in C

    - by heapzero
    Hi, I'm a Python guy. Learning C language and I've been trying to implement Binary Search Tree in C. I wrote down the code, and I've been trying from few hours but, not able to get the output as expected. Please help! Please correct me. #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> typedef int ElementType; typedef struct TreeNode { ElementType element; struct TreeNode *left, *right; } TreeNode; TreeNode *createTree(){ //Create the root of tree TreeNode *tempNode; tempNode = malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); tempNode->element = 0; tempNode->left = NULL; tempNode->right = NULL; return tempNode; } TreeNode *createNode(ElementType X){ //Create a new leaf node and return the pointer TreeNode *tempNode; tempNode = malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); tempNode->element = X; tempNode->left = NULL; tempNode->right = NULL; return tempNode; } TreeNode *insertElement(TreeNode *node, ElementType X){ //insert element to Tree if(node==NULL){ return createNode(X); } else{ if(X < node->element){ node->left = insertElement(node->left, X); } else if(X > node->element){ node->right = insertElement(node->right, X); } else if(X == node->element){ printf("Oops! the element is already present in the tree."); } } } TreeNode *displayTree(TreeNode *node){ //display the full tree if(node==NULL){ return; } displayTree(node->left); printf("| %d ", node->element); displayTree(node->right); } main(){ //pointer to root of tree #2 TreeNode *TreePtr; TreeNode *TreeRoot; TreeNode *TreeChild; //Create the root of tree TreePtr = createTree(); TreeRoot = TreePtr; TreeRoot->element = 32; printf("%d\n",TreeRoot->element); insertElement(TreeRoot, 8); TreeChild = TreeRoot->left; printf("%d\n",TreeChild->element); insertElement(TreeRoot, 2); insertElement(TreeRoot, 7); insertElement(TreeRoot, 42); insertElement(TreeRoot, 28); insertElement(TreeRoot, 1); insertElement(TreeRoot, 4); insertElement(TreeRoot, 5); // the output is not as expected :( displayTree(TreeRoot); }

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  • Pointer to 2D array. Why does this example work?

    - by Louise
    I have this code example, but I don't understand why changing the values in the array inside outputUsingArray() are changing the original array. I would have expected changing the values of the array in outputUsingArray() would only be for a local copy of the array. Why isn't that so? However, this is the behaviour I would like, but I don't understand why it work. #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> void outputUsingArray(int array[][4], int n_rows, int n_cols) { int i, j; printf("Output Using array\n"); for (i = 0; i < n_rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n_cols; j++) { // Either can be used. //printf("%2d ", array[i][j] ); printf("%2d ", *(*(array+i)+j)); } printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); array[0][0] = 100; array[2][3] = 200; } void outputUsingPointer(int (*array)[4], int n_rows, int n_cols) { int i, j; printf("Output Using Pointer to Array i.e. int (*array)[4]\n"); for (i = 0; i < n_rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n_cols; j++) { printf("%2d ", *(*(array+i) + j )); } printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); } int main() { int array[3][4] = { { 0, 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6, 7 }, { 8, 9, 10, 11 } }; outputUsingPointer((int (*)[4])array, 3, 4); outputUsingArray(array, 3, 4); printf("0,0: %i\n", array[0][0]); printf("2,3: %i\n", array[2][3]); return 0; }

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  • trying to divide complex numbers, division by zero

    - by user553619
    I'm trying the program below to divide complex numbers, it works for complex numbers but not when the denominator is real (i.e, the complex part is zero). Division by zero occurs in this line ratio = b->r / b->i ;, when the complex part b->i is zero (in the case of a real denominator). How do I get around this? and why did the programmer do this, instead of the more straightforward rule for complex division The wikipedia rule seems to be better, and no division by zero error would occur here. Did I miss something? Why did the programmer not use the wikipedia formula?? Thanks /*! @file dcomplex.c * \brief Common arithmetic for complex type * * <pre> * -- SuperLU routine (version 2.0) -- * Univ. of California Berkeley, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, * and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. * November 15, 1997 * * This file defines common arithmetic operations for complex type. * </pre> */ #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include "slu_dcomplex.h" /*! \brief Complex Division c = a/b */ void z_div(doublecomplex *c, doublecomplex *a, doublecomplex *b) { double ratio, den; double abr, abi, cr, ci; if( (abr = b->r) < 0.) abr = - abr; if( (abi = b->i) < 0.) abi = - abi; if( abr <= abi ) { if (abi == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "z_div.c: division by zero\n"); exit(-1); } ratio = b->r / b->i ; den = b->i * (1 + ratio*ratio); cr = (a->r*ratio + a->i) / den; ci = (a->i*ratio - a->r) / den; } else { ratio = b->i / b->r ; den = b->r * (1 + ratio*ratio); cr = (a->r + a->i*ratio) / den; ci = (a->i - a->r*ratio) / den; } c->r = cr; c->i = ci; }

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  • Need help programming with Mclauren series and Taylor series!

    - by user352258
    Ok so here's what i have so far: #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> //#define PI 3.14159 int factorial(int n){ if(n <= 1) return(1); else return(n * factorial(n-1)); } void McLaurin(float pi){ int factorial(int); float x = 42*pi/180; int i, val=0, sign; for(i=1, sign=-1; i<11; i+=2){ sign *= -1; // alternate sign of cos(0) which is 1 val += (sign*(pow(x, i)) / factorial(i)); } printf("\nMcLaurin of 42 = %d\n", val); } void Taylor(float pi){ int factorial(int); float x; int i; float val=0.00, sign; float a = pi/3; printf("Enter x in degrees:\n"); scanf("%f", &x); x=x*pi/180.0; printf("%f",x); for(i=0, sign=-1.0; i<2; i++){ if(i%2==1) sign *= -1.0; // alternate sign of cos(0) which is 1 printf("%f",sign); if(i%2==1) val += (sign*sin(a)*(pow(x-a, i)) / factorial(i)); else val += (sign*cos(a)*(pow(x-a, i)) / factorial(i)); printf("%d",factorial(i)); } printf("\nTaylor of sin(%g degrees) = %d\n", (x*180.0)/pi, val); } main(){ float pi=3.14159; void McLaurin(float); void Taylor(float); McLaurin(pi); Taylor(pi); } and here's the output: McLaurin of 42 = 0 Enter x in degrees: 42 0.733038-1.00000011.0000001 Taylor of sin(42 degrees) = -1073741824 I suspect the reason for these outrageous numbers goes with the fact that I mixed up my floats and ints? But i just cant figure it out...!! Maybe its a math thing, but its never been a strength of mine let alone program with calculus. Also the Mclaurin fails, how does it equal zero? WTF! Please help correct my noobish code. I am still a beginner...

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  • Creating multiple process and simulation in C via fork()

    - by Yakup OZDEN
    i want to create multiple process groups which will call different functions. i write the code below. firstly i want to get following output ./fork 4 5 I am a child: 1 PID: 22330 I am a child2: 1 PID: 22334 I am a child: 2 PID: 22331 I am a child2: 5 PID: 22338 I am a child: 4 PID: 22333 I am a child: 3 PID: 22332 I am a child2: 2 PID: 22335 I am a child2: 4 PID: 22337 I am a child2: 3 PID: 22336 ' #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> void forkChildren (int nChildren) { int i; pid_t pid; for (i = 1; i <= nChildren; i++) { pid = fork(); if (pid == -1) { /* error handling here, if needed */ return; } if (pid == 0) { printf("I am a child: %d PID: %d\n",i, getpid()); sleep (5); wait(NULL); return; } } } void forkChildren2 (int nChildren) { int i; pid_t pid; for (i = 1; i <= nChildren; i++) { pid = fork(); if (pid == -1) { /* error handling here, if needed */ return; } if (pid == 0) { printf("I am a child2: %d PID: %d\n",i, getpid()); sleep (2); return; } } } the code gives me the output [ozdeny@hyperion ~]$ ./fork 4 5 I am a child: 1 PID: 22330 I am a child: 2 PID: 22331 I am a child: 3 PID: 22332 I am a child: 4 PID: 22333 I am a child2: 1 PID: 22334 I am a child2: 2 PID: 22335 I am a child2: 4 PID: 22337 I am a child2: 5 PID: 22338 [ozdeny@hyperion ~]$ I am a child2: 3 PID: 22336 I am a child2: 1 PID: 22339 I am a child2: 2 PID: 22340 I am a child2: 3 PID: 22341 I am a child2: 4 PID: 22342 I am a child2: 5 PID: 22343 I am a child2: 1 PID: 22345 I am a child2: 2 PID: 22346 I am a child2: 3 PID: 22347 I am a child2: 1 PID: 22349 I am a child2: 2 PID: 22350 I am a child2: 1 PID: 22344 I am a child2: 2 PID: 22352 I am a child2: 3 PID: 22353 I am a child2: 4 PID: 22354 I am a child2: 5 PID: 22355 I am a child2: 3 PID: 22351 I am a child2: 4 PID: 22356 I am a child2: 5 PID: 22357 I am a child2: 4 PID: 22348 I am a child2: 5 PID: 22358

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  • Infinite loop when using fscanf

    - by user1409641
    I wrote this simple program in C, because I'm studying FILES right now at University. I take a txt file with a list of the results of the last race so my program will show the data formatted as I want. Here's my code: /* Esercizio file Motogp */ #include <stdio.h> #define SIZE 20 int main () { int pos, punt, num; float kmh; char nome[SIZE+1], cognome[SIZE+1], moto[SIZE+1]; char naz[SIZE+1], nome_file[SIZE+1]; FILE *fp; printf ("Inserisci il nome del file da aprire: "); gets (nome_file); fp = fopen (nome_file, "r"); if (fopen == NULL) printf ("Errore nell' apertura del file %s\n", nome_file); else { while (fscanf (fp, "%d %d %d %s %s %s %s %.2f", &pos, &punt, &num, nome, cognome, naz, moto, &kmh) != EOF ) { printf ("Posizione di arrivo: %d\n", pos); printf ("Punteggio: %d\n", punt); printf ("Numero pilota: %d\n", num); printf ("Nome pilota: %s\n", nome); printf ("Cognome pilota: %s\n", cognome); printf ("Nazione: %s\n", naz); printf ("Moto: %s\n", moto); printf ("Media Kmh: %d\n\n", kmh); } } fclose(fp); return 0; } and there's my txt file: 1 25 99 Jorge LORENZO SPA Yamaha 164.4 2 20 26 Dani PEDROSA SPA Honda 164.1 3 16 4 Andrea DOVIZIOSO ITA Yamaha 163.8 4 13 1 Casey STONER AUS Honda 163.8 5 11 35 Cal CRUTCHLOW GBR Yamaha 163.6 6 10 19 Alvaro BAUTISTA SPA Honda 163.5 7 9 46 Valentino ROSSI ITA Ducati 163.3 8 8 6 Stefan BRADL GER Honda 162.9 9 7 69 Nicky HAYDEN USA Ducati 162.5 10 6 11 Ben SPIES USA Yamaha 162.3 11 5 8 Hector BARBERA SPA Ducati 162.1 12 4 17 Karel ABRAHAM CZE Ducati 160.9 13 3 41 Aleix ESPARGARO SPA ART 160.2 14 2 51 Michele PIRRO ITA FTR 160.1 15 1 14 Randy DE PUNIET FRA ART 160.0 16 0 77 James ELLISON GBR ART 159.9 17 0 54 Mattia PASINI ITA ART 159.4 18 0 68 Yonny HERNANDEZ COL BQR 159.4 19 0 9 Danilo PETRUCCI ITA Ioda 158.2 20 0 22 Ivan SILVA SPA BQR 158.2 When I run my program, it return me an infinite loop of the first one. Why? Is there another function to read those data?

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  • Address book with C programming; cannot compile my code.

    - by osabri
    I've divided my code into small programs so it can be easy to excute /* ab_error.c : in case of errors following messages will be displayed */ #include "adressbook.h" static char *errormsg[] = { "", "\nNot enough space on disk", "\nCannot open file", "\nCannot read file", "\nCannot write file" }; void check(int error) { switch(error) { case 0: return; case 1: write_file(); case 2: case 3: case 4: system("cls"); fputs(errormsg[error], stderr); exit(error); } } 2nd /* ab_fileio.c : functions for file input/output */ #include "adressbook.h" static char ab_file[] = "ADRESSBOOK.DAT"; //file to save the entries int read_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *new_e, *last_e = NULL; DATA buffer; if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "rb")) == NULL) return -1; //no file found while (fread(&buffer, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) == 1) //reads one list element after another { if( (new_e = make_element()) == NULL) { error = 1; break; //not enough space } new_e->person = buffer; //copy data to new element new_e->next = NULL; if(hol.first == NULL) //list is empty? hol.first = new_e; //yes else last_e->next = new_e; //no last_e = new_e; ++hol.amount; } if( !error && !feof(fp) ) error = 3; //cannot read file fclose(fp); return error; } /*-------------------------------*/ int write_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *p; if( (p = hol.first) == NULL) return 0; //list is empty if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "wb")) == NULL) return 2; //cannot open while( p!= NULL) { if( fwrite(&p->person, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) < 1) { error = 4; break; //cannot write } p = p->next; } fclose(fp); return error; } 3rd /* ab_list.c : functions to manipulate the list */ #include "adressbook.h" HOL hol = {0, NULL}; //global definition for head of list /* -------------------- */ ELEMENT *make_element(void) { return (ELEMENT *)malloc( sizeof(ELEMENT) ); } /* -------------------- */ int ins_element( DATA *newdata) { ELEMENT *new_e, *pre_p; if((new_e = make_element()) == NULL) return 1; new_e ->person = *newdata; // copy data to new element pre_p = search(new_e->person.family_name); if(pre_p == NULL) //no person in list { new_e->next = hol.first; //put it to the begin hol.first = new_e; } else { new_e->next = pre_p->next; pre_p->next = new_e; } ++hol.amount; return 0; } int erase_element( char name, char surname ) { return 0; } /* ---------------------*/ ELEMENT *search(char *name) { ELEMENT *sp, *retp; //searchpointer, returnpointer retp = NULL; sp = hol.first; while(sp != NULL && sp->person.family_name != name) { retp = sp; sp = sp->next; } return(retp); } 4th /* ab_screen.c : functions for printing information on screen */ #include "adressbook.h" #include <conio.h> #include <ctype.h> /* standard prompts for in- and output */ static char pgmname[] = "---- Oussama's Adressbook made in splendid C ----"; static char options[] = "\ 1: Enter new adress\n\n\ 2: Delete entry\n\n\ 3: Change entry\n\n\ 4: Print adress\n\n\ Esc: Exit\n\n\n\ Your choice . . .: "; static char prompt[] = "\ Name . . . .:\n\ Surname . . :\n\n\ Street . . .:\n\n\ House number:\n\n\ Postal code :\n\n\ Phone number:"; static char buttons[] = "\ <Esc> = cancel input <Backspace> = correct input\ <Return> = assume"; static char headline[] = "\ Name Surname Street House Postal code Phone number \n\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------"; static char further[] = "\ -------- continue with any key --------"; /* ---------------------------------- */ int menu(void) //show menu and read user input { int c; system ("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); printf("%s", options); while( (c = getch()) != ESC && (c < '1' || c > '4')) putch('\a'); return c; } /* ---------------------------------- */ int print_adr_book(void) //display adressbook { int line = 1; ELEMENT *p = hol.first; system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(2,0); puts(headline); set_cur(5,0); while(p != NULL) //run through list and show entries { printf("%5d %-15s ",line, p->person.family_name); printf("%-12s %-15s ", p->person.given_name, p->person.street); printf("%-4d %-5d %-12d\n",p->person.house_number, p->person.postal_code, p->person.phone); p = p->next; if( p == NULL || ++line %16 == 1) //end of list or screen is full { set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",further); if( getch() == ESC) return 0; set_cur(5,0); scroll_up(0,5,24);//puts(headline); } } return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------*/ int make_entry(void) { char cache[50]; DATA newperson; ELEMENT *p; while(1) { system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); puts("Please enter new data:"); set_cur(10,0); puts(prompt); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",buttons); balken(10, 25, MAXL, ' ',0x70); //input name if(input(newperson.family_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(12,25, MAXL, ' ', 0x70); //surname if(input(newperson.given_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(14,25, 30, ' ', 0x70); //street if(input(newperson.street, 30, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(16,25, 4, ' ',0x70); //housenumber if(input(cache, 4, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.house_number = atol(cache); //to string balken(18,25, 5, ' ',0x70); //postal code if(input(cache, 5, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.postal_code = atol(cache); //to string balken(20,25, 20, ' ',0x70); //phone number if(input(cache, 20, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.phone = atol(cache); //to string p = search(newperson.phone); if( p!= NULL && p->person.phone == newperson.phone) { set_cur(22,25); puts("phonenumber already exists!"); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s, further"); getch(); continue; } } } 5th /* adress_book_project.c : main program to create an adressbook */ /* copyrights by Oussama Sabri, June 2010 */ #include "adressbook.h" //project header file int main() { int rv, cmd; //return value, user command if ( (rv = read_file() ) == -1) // no data saved yet rv = make_entry(); check(rv); //prompts an error and quits program on disfunction do { switch (cmd = menu())//calls menu and gets user input back { case '1': rv = make_entry(); break; case '2': //delete entry case '3': //changes entry rv = change_entry(cmd); break; case '4': //prints adressbook on screen rv = print_adr_book(); break; case ESC: //end of program system ("cls"); rv = 0; break; } }while(cmd!= ESC); check ( write_file() ); //save adressbook return 0; } 6th /* Getcb.c --> Die Funktion getcb() liefert die naechste * * Tastatureingabe (ruft den BIOS-INT 0x16 auf). * * Return-Wert: * * ASCII-Code bzw. erweiterter Code + 256 */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> int getcb(void) { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 0; // Subfunktion 0: ein Zeichen // von der Tastatur lesen. int86( 0x16, &intregs, &intregs); if( intregs.h.al != 0) // Falls ASCII-Zeichen, return (intregs.h.al); // dieses zurueckgeben. else // Sonst den erweiterten return (intregs.h.ah + 0x100); // Code + 256 } 7th /* PUTCB.C --> enthaelt die Funktionen * * - putcb() * * - putcb9() * * - balken() * * - input() * * * * Es werden die Funktionen 9 und 14 des Video-Interrupts * * (ROM-BIOS-Interrupt 0x10) verwendet. * * * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen stehen in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb(c) gibt das Zeichen auf der aktuellen Cursor-Position * am Bildschirm aus. Der Cursor wird versetzt. * Steuerzeichen Back-Space, CR, LF und BELL werden * ausgefuehrt. * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb(unsigned char c) /* Gibt das Zeichen in c auf */ { /* den Bildschirm aus. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 14; /* Subfunktion 14 ("Teletype") */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.h.bl = 0xf; /* Vordergrund-Farbe im */ /* Grafik-Modus. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb9(c,count,mode) gibt das Zeichen in c count-mal im * angegebenen Modus auf der aktuellen * Cursor-Position am Bildschirm aus. * Der Cursor wird nicht versetzt. * * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb9( unsigned char c, /* das Zeichen */ unsigned count, /* die Anzahl */ unsigned mode ) /* Low-Byte: das Atrribut */ { /* High-Byte: die Bildschirmseite*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 9; /* Subfunktion 9 des Int 0x10 */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.x.bx = mode; intregs.x.cx = count; int86( VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * balken() positioniert den Cursor und zeichnet einen Balken, * wobei Position, L„nge, Fllzeichen und Attribut * als Argumente bergeben werden. * Der Cursor bleibt auf der ersten Position im Balken. */ void balken( unsigned int zeile, /* Start-Position */ unsigned int spalte, unsigned int laenge, /* Laenge des Balkens */ unsigned char c, /* Fuellzeichen */ unsigned int modus) /* Low-Byte: Attribut */ /* High-Byte: Bildschirmseite */ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; /* Cursor auf der angegebenen */ intregs.h.dh = zeile; /* Bildschirmseite versetzen. */ intregs.h.dl = spalte; intregs.h.bh = (modus >> 8); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); putcb9(c, laenge, modus); /* Balken ausgeben. */ } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * input() liest Zeichen von der Tastatur ein und haengt '\0' an. * Mit Backspace kann die Eingabe geloescht werden. * Das Attribut am Bildschirm bleibt erhalten. * * Argumente: 1. Zeiger auf den Eingabepuffer. * 2. Anzahl maximal einzulesender Zeichen. * 3. Die optionalen Argumente: Zeichen, mit denen die * Eingabe abgebrochen werden kann. * Diese Liste muá mit CR = '\r' enden! * Return-Wert: Das Zeichen, mit dem die Eingabe abgebrochen wurde. */ #include <stdarg.h> int getcb( void); /* Zum Lesen der Tastatur */ int input(char *puffer, int max,... ) { int c; /* aktuelles Zeichen */ int breakc; /* Abruchzeichen */ int nc = 0; /* Anzahl eingelesener Zeichen */ va_list argp; /* Zeiger auf die weiteren Arumente */ while(1) { *puffer = '\0'; va_start(argp, max); /* argp initialisieren */ c = getcb(); do /* Mit Zeichen der Abbruchliste vergleichen */ if(c == (breakc = va_arg(argp,int)) ) return(breakc); while( breakc != '\r' ); va_end( argp); if( c == '\b' && nc > 0) /* Backspace? */ { --nc; --puffer; putcb(c); putcb(' '); putcb(c); } else if( c >= 32 && c <= 255 && nc < max ) { ++nc; *puffer++ = c; putcb(c); } else if( nc == max) putcb('\7'); /* Ton ausgeben */ } } 8th /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* BIO.H --> Enthaelt die Prototypen der BIOS-Funktionen. */ /* --- Funktionen in VIDEO.C --- */ extern void scroll_up(int anzahl, int anf_zeile,int end_zeile); extern void scroll_down(int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile); extern void set_cur(int zeile, int spalte); extern void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte); extern void cls(void); extern int get_screen_page(void); extern void set_screen_page(int page); /* --- Funktionen in GETCB.C / PUTCB.C --- */ extern int getcb(void); extern void putcb(int c); extern void putcb9(int c, unsigned count, unsigned modus); extern void balken(int zeile, int spalte, int laenge, int c, unsigned modus); extern int input(char *puffer, int max,... ); need your help, can't find my mistakes:((

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  • Why touching "d_name" makes calls to readdir() fail?

    - by Sarah Mani
    Hi, I'm trying to write a little helper for Windows which eventually will accept a file extension as an argument and return the number of files of that kind in the current directory. To do so, I'm reading the file entries in the directories and after getting the extension I'd like to convert it to lowercase to compare it with the yet-to-add specified argument. When converting the extension to lowercase I found that touching even a duplicate string of the d_name variable will cause a strange behaviour, like no more calls to readdir are called. Here is the code I'm using right now (the commented code is preliminary) and outputs for a given directory: #include <ctype.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> char * strrch(char *string, size_t elements, char character) { char *reverse = string + elements; while (--reverse != string) if (*reverse == character) return reverse; return NULL; } void test(char *string) { // Even being a duplicate will make it fail: char *str = strdup(string); printf("Strings: %s %s\n", string, str); *str = 'a'; printf("Strings: %s %s\n", string, str); //unsigned short int i = 0; //for (; str[i] != '\0', str++; i++) // str[i] = tolower((unsigned char) str[i]); //puts(str); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { DIR *directory; struct dirent *element; if (directory = opendir(".")) { while (element = readdir(directory)) test(strrch(element->d_name, element->d_namlen, '.')); closedir(directory); puts(NULL); } else puts("Couldn't open the directory.\n"); } Output without modifying the duplicate (modification and the second printf call commented): Strings: (null) (null) Strings: . . Strings: .exe .exe Strings: .pdf .pdf Strings: .c .c Strings: .ini .ini Strings: .pdf .pdf Strings: .pdf .pdf Strings: .pdf .pdf Strings: .flac .flac Strings: .FLAC .FLAC Strings: .lnk .lnk Strings: .URL .URL Output of the same directory (with the code above, with the 2 printfs): Strings: (null) (null) Is there anything wrong? Is it a compiler issue? I'm using GCC 4.4.3 in Windows (MinGW) right now. Thank you very much for your help. By the way, is there any other way to work with files and directories in a Windows environment not using the POSIX functions?

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  • Multiple constructors in C

    - by meepz
    Hello, I am making a string class in C as a homework and I was wondering how I can make multiple constructors with the same name given the parameter. The commented out area is what I tried to do with results from a few searches but that gives me errors. Pretty much I have some cases where I want to create my new string without any parameter then in other cases create a string with a pointer to character. Here is mystring.h #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct mystring { char * c; int length; int (*sLength)(void * s); char (*charAt)(void * s, int i); int (*compareTo)(void * s1, void * s2); struct mystring * (*concat)(void * s1, void * s2); struct mystring * (*subString)(void * s, int begin, int end); void (*printS)(void * s); } string_t; typedef string_t * String; String newString(char * c); String newString2(); int slength(void * s); char charat(void * S, int i); int compareto(void * s1, void * s2); String concat(void * s1, void * s2); String substring(void * S, int begin, int end); void printstring(void * s); And here is mystring.c #include "mystring.h" String newString(){ } String newString(char * input){ //String newString::newString(char * input) { String s; s = (string_t *) malloc(sizeof(string_t)); s->c = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * 20); int i = 0; if (input == NULL){ s->c[0] = '\0'; return s; } while (input[i] != '\0') { s->c[i] = input[i]; i++; } //functions s->sLength = slength; s->charAt = charat; s->compareTo = compareto; s->concat = concat; s->subString = substring; s->printS = printstring; return s; }

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  • Regular exp to validate email in C

    - by Liju Mathew
    Hi, We need to write a email validation program in C. We are planning to use GNU Cregex.h) regular expression. The regular expression we prepared is [a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*@(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])? But the below code is failing while compiling the regex. #include <stdio.h> #include <regex.h> int main(const char *argv, int argc) { const char *reg_exp = "[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*@(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?"; int status = 1; char email[71]; regex_t preg; int rc; printf("The regex = %s\n", reg_exp); rc = regcomp(&preg, reg_exp, REG_EXTENDED|REG_NOSUB); if (rc != 0) { if (rc == REG_BADPAT || rc == REG_ECOLLATE) fprintf(stderr, "Bad Regex/Collate\n"); if (rc == REG_ECTYPE) fprintf(stderr, "Invalid Char\n"); if (rc == REG_EESCAPE) fprintf(stderr, "Trailing \\\n"); if (rc == REG_ESUBREG || rc == REG_EBRACK) fprintf(stderr, "Invalid number/[] error\n"); if (rc == REG_EPAREN || rc == REG_EBRACE) fprintf(stderr, "Paren/Bracket error\n"); if (rc == REG_BADBR || rc == REG_ERANGE) fprintf(stderr, "{} content invalid/Invalid endpoint\n"); if (rc == REG_ESPACE) fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n"); if (rc == REG_BADRPT) fprintf(stderr, "Invalid regex\n"); fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to compile the regular expression:%d\n", __func__, rc); return 1; } while (status) { fgets(email, sizeof(email), stdin); status = email[0]-48; rc = regexec(&preg, email, (size_t)0, NULL, 0); if (rc == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: The regular expression is a match\n", __func__); } else { fprintf(stderr, "%s: The regular expression is not a match: %d\n", __func__, rc); } } regfree(&preg); return 0; } The regex compilation is failing with the below error. The regex = [a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*@(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])? Invalid regex main: Failed to compile the regular expression:13 What is the cause of this error? Whether the regex need to be modified? Thanks, Mathew Liju

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  • Seg Fault when using std::string on an embedded Linux platform

    - by Brad
    Hi, I have been working for a couple of days on a problem with my application running on an embedded Arm Linux platform. Unfortunately the platform precludes me from using any of the usual useful tools for finding the exact issue. When the same code is run on the PC running Linux, I get no such error. In the sample below, I can reliably reproduce the problem by uncommenting the string, list or vector lines. Leaving them commented results in the application running to completion. I expect that something is corrupting the heap, but I cannot see what? The program will run for a few seconds before giving a segmentation fault. The code is compiled using a arm-linux cross compiler: arm-linux-g++ -Wall -otest fault.cpp -ldl -lpthread arm-linux-strip test Any ideas greatly appreciated. #include <stdio.h> #include <vector> #include <list> #include <string> using namespace std; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class TestSeg { static pthread_mutex_t _logLock; public: TestSeg() { } ~TestSeg() { } static void* TestThread( void *arg ) { int i = 0; while ( i++ < 10000 ) { printf( "%d\n", i ); WriteBad( "Function" ); } pthread_exit( NULL ); } static void WriteBad( const char* sFunction ) { pthread_mutex_lock( &_logLock ); printf( "%s\n", sFunction ); //string sKiller; // <----------------------------------Bad //list<char> killer; // <----------------------------------Bad //vector<char> killer; // <----------------------------------Bad pthread_mutex_unlock( &_logLock ); return; } void RunTest() { int threads = 100; pthread_t _rx_thread[threads]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < threads ; i++ ) { pthread_create( &_rx_thread[i], NULL, TestThread, NULL ); } for ( int i = 0 ; i < threads ; i++ ) { pthread_join( _rx_thread[i], NULL ); } } }; pthread_mutex_t TestSeg::_logLock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) { TestSeg seg; seg.RunTest(); pthread_exit( NULL ); }

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