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• debian gateway using iptables

  - by meijuh

  I am having problems setting up a debian gateway server. My goal: Having eth1 the WAN interface. Having eth0 the LAN interface. Allow both ports 22 (SSH) and 80 (HTTP) accessed from the outside world on the gateway (SSH and HTTP run on this server). What I did was the following: Create a file /etc/iptables.rules with contents: /etc/iptables.rules: *nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -j DROP COMMIT edit /etc/network/interfaces as follows: /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp #auto eth1 #allow-hotplug eth1 #iface eth1 inet dhcp allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 217.119.224.51 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 217.119.224.49 dns-nameservers 217.119.226.67 217.119.226.68 Uncomment the rule net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf to allow packet forwarding. The static settings for eth1 such as the ip address I got from my router (which I want to replace); I simply copied these. I have a (windows) DNS + DHCP server on ip address 10.180.1.10, which assigns ip address 10.180.1.44 to eth0. What this server does is not really interesting it only maps domain names on our local network and assigns one static ip to the gateway. What works: on the gateway itself I can ping 8.8.8.8 and google.nl. So that is okey. What does not work: (1) Every machine connected to eth0 (indirectly via a switch) can not ping an ip or a domain. So I guess the gateway can not be found. (2) Also when I configure my linux machine (a laptop) to use a static ip 10.180.1.41, a mask and a gateway (10.180.1.44) I can not ping an ip or domain either. This means that maybe my iptables is incorrect of not loaded correctly. Or I maybe have to configure my DNS/DHCP on my windows machine. I have not reset the windows machine net, restart the DNS/DHCP services, should I do this? I did not install dnsmasq as desribed here: http://blog.noviantech.com/2010/12/22/debian-router-gateway-in-15-minutes/. I don't think this is necessary?

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• Why might one host be unable to access the Internet, when it can ping the router and when all other hosts can?

  - by user1444233

  I have a Draytek Vigor 2830n. It's kicking out a 192.168.3.0 LAN. It performs load-balancing across dual-WAN ports, although I've turned off the second WAN to simplify testing. There are many hosts on the LAN. All IPs are allocated through DHCP, most freely allocated from the pool, but one or two are bound to NIC MAC addresses. All hosts can access the Internet, save one. That host (192.168.3.100 or 'dot100' for short) gets allocated an IP address (and the right gateway address, DNS server addresses, subnet etc.) dot100 can ping itself. It can ping the gateway, and access the latter's web interface via port 80. It's responsive and loss-free (sustained ping over a couple of minutes reports no data loss). Yet, for some reason that evades me, dot100 can't ping an external IP address or domain name. I suspect it's never been able to, because it was getting some Internet access from a second adaptor (different subnet), but that's now been turned off, which exposed the problem. In dot100, I've tried: two operating systems (Windows 8 and Knoppix), to rule out anti-virus programs etc. two physical adaptors two cables, on each adaptor two IPs (e.g. .100 and .103 assigned by Mac and .26 from the pool) both dynamic and assigned (MAC-bound) DHCP-allocated IPs but none of this experiments yielded any variation in the result. dot100 is a crucial host. It's a file server for the network, so I need it to be reliably allocated a consistent IP. Can anyone offer a potential solution or a way forward with the analysis please? My guess My analysis so far leads me to believe it's a router issue. I've checked the web interface very carefully. There are no filters setup in Firewall - General Setup or Filter Setup. I suspect it's a corrupted internal routing table, but the web UI shows this as the Routing table: Key: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, * - default, ~ - private * 0.0.0.0/ 0.0.0.0 via 62.XX.XX.X WAN1 * 62.XX.XX.X/ 255.255.255.255 via 62.XX.XX.X WAN1 S 82.YY.YYY.YYY/ 255.255.255.255 via 82.YY.YYY.YYY WAN1 C 192.168.1.0/ 255.255.255.0 directly connected WAN2 C~ 192.168.3.0/ 255.255.255.0 directly connected LAN2

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• With CentOS 6 and LXC, "ifconfig" is unable to see network interface (but busybox "ifconfig" works fine)

  - by larsks

  I've just started working with LXC under CentOS 6 (via the libvirt adapter). If I create an LXC container, I'm unable to see any network interfaces when using the native system tools: # ifconfig -a # The behavior is very odd; specifying an interface by names yields neither the expected output nor an error message. This is true even for clearly invalid interface names, like this: # ifconfig foo # The ip command exhibits the same behavior. On the other hand, if I use "ifconfig" provided by busybox, everything works as expected: # busybox ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:E0:12:C8 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fee0:12c8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:268 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:17814 (17.3 KiB) TX bytes:552 (552.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So...what does busybox know that the native tools don't? The libvirt config for this environment is pretty standard; the network definition looks like this: <interface type='network'> <mac address='52:54:00:e0:12:c8'/> <source network='default'/> <target dev='veth0'/> </interface> The full configuration is here if you think it might help. I'm running: lxc-0.7.2-2.el6.x86_64 kernel-2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.x86_64 EDIT Weirder and weirder...it's a display issue, not a functionality issue. I can see the output of ifconfig if I pipe it into anything, so for example: # ifconfig eth0 | cat eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:E0:12:C8 inet addr:192.168.10.10 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fee0:12c8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:573 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:37914 (37.0 KiB) TX bytes:552 (552.0 b) And in fact even when not piping the output, strace shows that ifconfig is in fact writing the output to file descriptor 1 (aka stdout), so it's not clear why no output is actually showing up. This could be either an LXC or a virsh issue, I guess.

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• Apache server completely freezes until it gets restarted

  - by nbv4

  My server does this every few days. What sucks is that it always seems to do this right after I go to bed, so when I wake up, I'm greeted with the fact that my server has been down for the past 6 or 7 hours. When I first noticed this, I added a cronjob that tries to restart the server every 15 minutes, but I guess that didn't fix it. Once I noticed the server was down, I can this command: /etc/init.d/apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName ... waiting ...........................................................apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName httpd (pid 17597) already running ...which is odd, because a restart should restart the server, even if it's already running, correct? I eventually had to "stop" then "start" to get it working again. I then looked through the logs, and found something very weird. It seems that around the time the server crashed, the logs have entries that are wildly out of order. It looks a little like this: xx.xxx.xxx.x - - [21/Apr/2010:06:32:05 -0400] "GET / blah" xx.xxx.xxx.x - - [21/Apr/2010:06:51:25 -0400] "GET / blah" x.xx.xxx.xxx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:38:23 -0400] "GET / blah" xxx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:31:56 -0400] "GET / blah" xxx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:51:49 -0400] "GET / blah" xx.xx.xxx.xx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:33:20 -0400] "GET / blah" I don't think the problem is memory, because this: tells me that right before the crash, memory usage is fine. I'm running apache with the worker mpm, here are the settings for that: <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 1 MaxClients 100 MinSpareThreads 5 MaxSpareThreads 10 ThreadsPerChild 10 MaxRequestsPerChild 3000 </IfModule> This apache server is running a bunch of stuff, but most of the traffic comes from a django project I'm hosting, that uses mod_wsgi. There also is a simple machines forum that is running off of mod_fcgid. Those setting are below: <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> MaxRequestsPerProcess 500 MaxProcessCount 3 AddHandler fcgid-script .php .fcgi AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl FCGIWrapper "/usr/bin/php-cgi" .php </IfModule> Anyone know of anything else I can check? I've just about tweaked every single setting I can think of, yet these freezes still happen.

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• Routing RFC1918 addresses through dd-wrt via a switch

  - by espenfjo

  I am a bit stuck with an experiment of mine. I have a network looking somewhat like this. | Internet | | ---- |Switch| ---- | | Server w/pub IP | DD-WRT router 192.168.1.1 | | RFC1918 clients 192.168.1.0/24 What I want is for the RFC1918 clients to speak directly with each others. On the server with the public IP I have this route: 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 scope link and can see that packets are infact reaching the dd-wrt router for 192.168.1.1, even though if I get no answer. Trying to reach one of the RFC1918 clients from the public IP server will get no result, as the dd-wrt router is not announcing that network on to its external interface (arp who-has 192.168.1.107 tell xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, but no answer). The router being an WLAN dd-wrt router has of course a load of routes, VLANs and interfaces: xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.244 84.215.64.0/18 dev vlan2 proto kernel scope link src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 169.254.0.0/16 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.255.1 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope link 0.0.0.0 via xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx being the public IP, and xxx.xxx.xxx.1 being the default route for the public IP. I am not sure where to continue with this. I would recon that I both need routing on the dd-wrt router, as well as some iptables magic? Why do something this complex? Why not ;) Also, do not mind that "Internet" can get RFC1918 traffic, it wont go outside of the walls. EDIT 1: Following the tip from stew I do indeed get the correct ARP flowing. And adding an iptables rule for allowing traffic from that specific public IPd machine I get traffic between the systems! Oddly enough though, the speed I get from Server w/pub IP - RFC1918 clients are the same as if the traffic were routed out onto the Internet and back. Edit 2: Ok, disconnecting the external Internet connection will still give the same, crappy transfer speed. So it has to be something else. Edit 3: Ok, I guess there are other reasons for this crappy speed. Case closed. :)

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• Laptop turning off when fan is spinning hard

  - by Ieyasu Sawada

  My laptop seems to have reach its lifespan. Its an Acer laptop so I guess that's normal. But I'd like to hear your opinions about this. My laptop is only 2 years old. I haven't heard the fan spinning like crazy not until these past 5 months. What I did: Hoping that its just the applications that I have installed that's consume the life of my laptop from the background. I used PC Decrapifier to uninstall some of the things that I don't need. Reformatted my computer but only the primary partition since my files are on the second partition. Bought a cooling pad. None of these works. I noticed the fan spins so hard when: I have a lot of browser tabs open. Full screen mode a flash video that I'm viewing online. Using VLC to watch encoded videos. There's this thing called minicoder http://sourceforge.net/projects/minicoder/ to reduce the size of videos without affecting much of the quality. I'm suspecting that it needs additional software(to make life easier for the hardware) even though the video is working fine in VLC. VLC consumes about 300,000K and above(as seen from task manager) while watching videos (.mkv). The problem: Laptop suddenly turns off when the fan spins like crazy for about 20 minutes. I'm always checking to see if its already too hot(using my fingers to feel the side of the laptop) but its not so I continued watching and then poof! computer turns off. Laptop won't turn on immediately when I turn it on after it turning off by itself. The light for the power goes on but its turns off immediately. I have to wait for about 10-20 seconds before it boots up without problems. So how do I go about this? Is this just normal for Acer laptops after about 2 years of heavy usage (8-12 hours a day)? My usage is heavy but I normally only have a text-editor(sublime) and browser open(chrome). Here's what I got from HW monitor:

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• Hang while starting several daemons

  - by Adrian Lang

  I’m running a Debian Squeeze AMD64 server. Target runlevel after boot is runlevel 2, which includes rsyslogd, cron, sshd and some other stuff, but not dovecot, postfix, apache2, etc. The system fails to reach runlevel 2 with several symptoms: The system hangs at trying to start rsyslogd Booting into runlevel 1 works, then login from the console works Starting rsyslogd from runlevel 1 via /etc/init.d/rsyslog hangs Starting runlevel 2 with rsyslogd disabled works But then, logging in via console fails: I get the motd, and then nothing Starting sshd from runlevel 1 succeeds But then, I cannot login via ssh. Sometimes password ssh login gives me the motd and then nothing, sometimes not even this. Trying to offer a public key seems to annoy the sshd enough to not talk to me any further. When rebooting from runlevel 1, the server hangs at trying to stop apache2 (which is not running, so this really should be trivial). Trying to stop apache2 when logged in in runleve 1 does hang as well. And that’s just the stuff which fails all the time. RAM has been tested, dmesg shows no problems. I have no clue. Update: (shortened) output from rsyslogd -c4 -d called in runlevel 1 rsyslogd 4.6.4 startup, compatibility mode 4, module path '' caller requested object 'net', not found (iRet -3003) Requested to load module 'lmnet' loading module '/user/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so' module of type 2 being loaded conf.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount 1 rsylog runtime initialized, version 4.6.4, current users 1 syslogd.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount now 2 I can kill rsyslogd with Strg+C, then. /var/log shows none of the configured log files, though. Update2: Thanks to @DerfK I still have no clue, but at least I narrowed down the problem. I’m now testing with /etc/init.d/apache2 stop (without an apache2 running, of course) which hangs as well and looks like an even more obvious failure. After some testing I found out that a file with one single line: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest /dev/null 2&1 hangs, while the same line executed in an interactive shell works. I was not able to further reduce this line while, i. e. every single part, the stream redirections and the commando itself is necessary to reproduce the hang. @DerfK also pointed me to strace which gave a shallow hint about what kind of hang we have here: wait4(-1for the init scripts futex(0xsomepointer, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL for rsyslogd / apache2 binaries called by the init scripts The system was installed as a Debian Lenny by my hoster in autumn 2011, I upgraded it to Squeeze immediately and kept it up to date with Squeeze, which then used to be testing. There were no big changes, though. I guess I never tried to reboot the system before.

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• Backing up data stored on Amazon S3

  - by Fiver

  I have an EC2 instance running a web server that stores users' uploaded files to S3. The files are written once and never change, but are retrieved occasionally by the users. We will likely accumulate somewhere around 200-500GB of data per year. We would like to ensure this data is safe, particularly from accidental deletions and would like to be able to restore files that were deleted regardless of the reason. I have read about the versioning feature for S3 buckets, but I cannot seem to find if recovery is possible for files with no modification history. See the AWS docs here on versioning: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ObjectVersioning.html In those examples, they don't show the scenario where data is uploaded, but never modified, and then deleted. Are files deleted in this scenario recoverable? Then, we thought we may just backup the S3 files to Glacier using object lifecycle management: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html But, it seems this will not work for us, as the file object is not copied to Glacier but moved to Glacier (more accurately it seems it is an object attribute that is changed, but anyway...). So it seems there is no direct way to backup S3 data, and transferring the data from S3 to local servers may be time-consuming and may incur significant transfer costs over time. Finally, we thought we would create a new bucket every month to serve as a monthly full backup, and copy the original bucket's data to the new one on Day 1. Then using something like duplicity (http://duplicity.nongnu.org/) we would synchronize the backup bucket every night. At the end of the month we would put the backup bucket's contents in Glacier storage, and create a new backup bucket using a new, current copy of the original bucket...and repeat this process. This seems like it would work and minimize the storage / transfer costs, but I'm not sure if duplicity allows bucket-to-bucket transfers directly without bringing data down to the controlling client first. So, I guess there are a couple questions here. First, does S3 versioning allow recovery of files that were never modified? Is there some way to "copy" files from S3 to Glacier that I have missed? Can duplicity or any other tool transfer files between S3 buckets directly to avoid transfer costs? Finally, am I way off the mark in my approach to backing up S3 data? Thanks in advance for any insight you could provide!

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• How to get physical partition name from iSCSI details on Windows?

  - by Barry Kelly

  I've got a piece of software that needs the name of a partition in \Device\Harddisk2\Partition1 style, as shown e.g. in WinObj. I want to get this partition name from details of the iSCSI connection that underlies the partition. The trouble is that disk order is not fixed - depending on what devices are connected and initialized in what order, it can move around. So suppose I have the portal name (DNS of the iSCSI target), target IQN, etc. I'd like to somehow discover which volumes in the system relate to it, in an automated fashion. I can write some PowerShell WMI queries that get somewhat close to the desired info: PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_DiskPartition NumberOfBlocks : 204800 BootPartition : True Name : Disk #0, Partition #0 PrimaryPartition : True Size : 104857600 Index : 0 ... From the Name here, I think I can fabricate the corresponding name by adding 1 to the partition number: \Device\Harddisk0\Partition1 - Partition0 appears to be a fake partition mapping to the whole disk. But the above doesn't have enough information to map to the underlying physical device, unless I take a guess based on exact size matching. I can get some info on SCSI devices, but it's not helpful in joining things up (iSCSI target is Nexenta/Solaris COMSTAR): PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_SCSIControllerDevice __GENUS : 2 __CLASS : Win32_SCSIControllerDevice ... Antecedent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_SCSIController.DeviceID="ROOT\\ISCSIPRT\\0000" Dependent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_PnPEntity.DeviceID="SCSI\\DISK&VEN_NEXENTA&PROD_COMSTAR... Similarly, I can run queries like these: PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_TargetClass PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_PersistentDevices These guys return information relating to my iSCSI target name and the GUID volume name respectively (a volume name like \\?\Volume{guid-goes-here}), but the GUID volume name is no good to me, and there doesn't appear to be a reliable correspondence between the target name and the volume that I can join on. I simply can't find an easy way of getting from an IQN (e.g. iqn.1992-01.com.example:storage:diskarrays-sn-a8675309) to physical partitions mapped from that target. The way I do it by hand? I start Disk Management, and look for a partition of the correct size, verify that its driver says NEXENTA COMSTAR, and look at the disk number. But even this is unreliable if I have multiple iSCSI volumes of the exact same size. Any suggestions?

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• How is DNS used by individual processes?

  - by atroon

  When resolving FQDNs or machine names to IP addresses on my local network (mycompany.internal) I can use dig on the command line (linux/mac) or nslookup (windows) to query the configured server and get a response. But trying to enter the FQDN or even just the machine name in a ping command or in a web browser results in 'Unknown Host' or DNS errors. Here's a sample, this one from the Mac: mac:~ atroon$ dig server.mycompany.internal ; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> server.mycompany.internal ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 5219 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;server.mycompany.internal. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: server.mycompany.internal. 1200 IN A 172.16.254.36 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.254.8#53(172.16.254.8) ;; WHEN: Wed Dec 16 11:39:15 2009 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 55 mac:~ atroon$ ping server.mycompany.internal<br> ping: cannot resolve server.mycompany.internal: Unknown host I cannot for the life of me figure this one out. The DNS server is a SBS 2003 box which handles AD, some file/print, etc for a small company network. This issue happens to me about three times a week, and when I'm connected to the local network directly, the same switch as the server even. I can make any connection I want with IP addresses, I just can't make DNS work. Additionally, at the same time I'm experiencing this, other users are fine, which makes me think it's a problem on my Mac. But what sort of problem? How can dig send a query and get a reply, and ping say 'unknown host'? I'm posting here vs. serverfault because I think this is a local problem not a server problem...but if anyone can point me at the server, I guess we'll head down the street a domain or two.

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• OS X server large scale storage and backup

  - by user135217

  I really hope this question doesn't come across as trolling or asking for buying advice. It's not intended. I've just started working for a small ad agency (40 employees). I actually quit being a system administrator a few years ago (too stressful!), but the company we're currently outsourcing our IT stuff to is doing such a bad job that I've felt compelled to get involved and do what I can to improve things. At the moment, all the company's data is stored on an 8TB external firewire drive attached to a Mac Mini running OS X Server 10.6, which provides filesharing (using AFP) for the whole company. There is a single backup drive, which is actually a caddy containing two 3TB hard drives arranged in RAID 0 (arrggghhhh!), which someone brings in as and when and copies over all the data using Carbon Copy Cloner. That's the entirety of the infrastructure, and the whole backup and restore strategy. I've been having sleepless nights. I've just started augmenting the backup process with FreeBSD, ZFS, sparse bundles and snapshot sends to get everything offsite. I think this is a workable behind the scenes solution, but for people's day to day use I'm struggling. Given the quantity and importance of the data, I think we should really be looking towards enterprise level storage solutions, high availability and so on, but the whole company is all Mac all the time, and I cannot find equipment that will do what we need. No more Xserve; no rack storage; no large scale storage at all apart from that Pegasus R6 that doesn't seem all that great; the Mac Pro has fibre channel, but it's not a real server and it's ludicrously expensive; Xsan looks like it's on the way out; things like heartbeatd and failoverd have apparently been removed from Lion Server; the new Mac Mini only has thunderbolt which severely limits our choices; the list goes on and on. I'm really, really not trying to troll here. I love Macs, but I just genuinely don't know where I'm supposed to look for server stuff. I have considered Linux or FreeBSD and netatalk for serving files with all the server-y goodness those OSes bring, but some the things I've read make me wonder if it's really the way to go. Also, in my own (admittedly quite cursory) experiments with it, I've struggled to get decent transfer speeds. I guess there's also the possibility of switching everyone off AFP and making them use SMB or NFS, but I understand that this can cause big problems with resource forks and file locks. I figure there must be plenty of all Mac companies out there. If you're the sysadmin at one, what do you use? Any suggestions very gratefully received.

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• Looking for app to work fluidly with CSV data in graph form

  - by Aszurom

  It often occurs to me that if I had a good tool for viewing CSV data in graphical format, and comparing two sets of numbers to each other, I could do a great deal of meaningful trend watching and data interpretation. For example, perfmon can output quite a lot of data about a server into a CSV file, but there's no good way to view it. A lot of scripts could/have been written that would populate CSV files. I could write these all day long. My problem is that I need a great viewer. I've seen quite a few things that will take a CSV file and after a lot of tweaking and user adjustment produce a static gif/png image. A static image doesn't do me a lot of good, because I have to look at it, then re-calibrate the parameters of the program, regenerate the image, repeat. That sucks. I could do this in Excel. Ideally, I would want a FLUID graph viewer. On the fly, I can adjust how much of my timeline I'm viewing. I could adjust the scaling so that one big spike doesn't make 99.9% of the data an unreadable line across the bottom of the X axis. Stuff like that. I should be able to say "show me CSV column 3 and column 5 as graphs. Show me the data scaled for 20 or 150 entries, and let me slide that window up and down the column of data. Auto scale to fit 95% of data within the Y axis and let crazy spikes go off the screen." Maybe I'm terribly spoiled by how you can drag, zoom, and slide data around on my iPad. I want to be able to view a spreadsheet of data with that fluidity and not have to guess at what sort of static snapshot I want to create from it. I don't want to have to make a study of how to tweak some data plotting program to let me import my file and do what I could just do in Excel. I want to scale, zoom, and transform my graph on the fly and then export a snapshot of it once I have it the way I want it. Is there anything out there that fills this need? I'll take linux, osx, win32 or even iOS suggestions.

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• Force caching of handler output which actively resists caching

  - by deceze

  I'm trying to force caching of a very obnoxious piece of PHP script which actively tries to resist caching for no good reason by actively setting all the anti-cache headers: Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 08:43:53 GMT Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Last-Modified: Pragma: no-cache Set-Cookie: ECSESSID=...; path=/ Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding Server: Apache/2.4.6 (Ubuntu) X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.3-1ubuntu2.3 If at all avoidable I do not want to have to modify this 3rd party piece of code at all and instead just get Apache to cache the page for a while. I'm doing this very selectively to only very specific pages which have no real impact on session cookies or the like, i.e. which do not contain any personalised information. CacheDefaultExpire 600 CacheMinExpire 600 CacheMaxExpire 1800 CacheHeader On CacheDetailHeader On CacheIgnoreHeaders Set-Cookie CacheIgnoreCacheControl On CacheIgnoreNoLastMod On CacheStoreExpired On CacheStoreNoStore On CacheLock On CacheEnable disk /the/script.php Apache is caching the page alright: [cache:debug] AH00698: cache: Key for entity /the/script.php?(null) is http://example.com:80/the/script.php? [cache_disk:debug] AH00709: Recalled cached URL info header http://example.com:80/the/script.php? [cache_disk:debug] AH00720: Recalled headers for URL http://example.com:80/the/script.php? [cache:debug] AH00695: Cached response for /the/script.php isn't fresh. Adding conditional request headers. [cache:debug] AH00750: Adding CACHE_SAVE filter for /the/script.php [cache:debug] AH00751: Adding CACHE_REMOVE_URL filter for /the/script.php [cache:debug] AH00769: cache: Caching url: /the/script.php [cache:debug] AH00770: cache: Removing CACHE_REMOVE_URL filter. [cache_disk:debug] AH00737: commit_entity: Headers and body for URL http://example.com:80/the/script.php? cached. However, it is always insisting that the "cached response isn't fresh" and is never serving the cached version. I guess this has to do with the Expires header, which marks the document as expired (but I don't know whether that's the correct assumption). I've tried to overwrite and unset headers using mod_headers, but this doesn't help; whatever combination I try the cache is not impressed at all. I'm guessing that the order of operation is wrong, and headers are being rewritten after the cache sees them. early header processing doesn't help either. I've experimented with CacheQuickHandler Off and trying to set explicit filter chains, but nothing is helping. But I'm really mostly poking in the dark, as I do not have a lot of experience with configuring Apache filter chains. Is there a straight forward solution for how to cache this obnoxious piece of code?

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• long access times and errors in iis application

  - by Jens Olsson

  Hi, I am having an issue with an IIS application (details of environment at the end of the message). The web site works great most of the time and I cannot reproduce any error in our test system. On the live system however with on averare of 5-15 requests per second I have a problem with that some requests (about 0.05%) will take over 300 seconds to complete. The other requests complete withing 5-10 seconds. It seem like if all the errornous requests end up with a Timer_EntityBody error in the error log. I have never seen this as an end user but I guess that they will receive some kind of error message. I am trying to find out what can be causing this errornous behaviour. Any ideas are welcome. I have read something about that there can be an MTU issue if ICMP and MTU protocols are blocked in the firewall. Does that sound reasonable? I have also read about updating to IIS 7 should do the trick. Does it sound reasonable? I think that the problem has another cause but I have no idea of what. I have tried running hte perormance monitor, monitoring for database locks and active transaction counts. I can see some of these in the perfmon log for the MSSQL server (another machine) for example: Active transactions is sometimes peaking and sometimes for long periods Lock waits per seconds is sometimes peaking Transactions per second is sometimes peaking Page IO Latch wait is sometimes peaking Lock wait time (ms) is sometimes peaking But I cannot see that any of these correlate to the errors in the IIS error log. On the IIS server machine I can also see with perfmon that some values peak a few times during a day: Request execution time Avg disk queue length I can neither see that any of these correlate to the errors in the IIS error log. In the below code I have anonymized by replacing some parts with HIDDEN The following can be seen in the access log 2010-10-01 08:35:05 W3SVC1301873091 **HIDDEN** POST /**HIDDEN**/Modules/BalanceModule.aspx - 80 - **HIDDEN** Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+7.0;+Windows+NT+5.1;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) ASP.NET_SessionId=**HIDDEN** 400 0 64 0 2241 127799 At the same time the following can be seen in the error log: 2010-10-01 08:35:05 **HIDDEN** 1999 **HIDDEN** 80 HTTP/1.0 POST /**HIDDEN**/Modules/BalanceModule.aspx - 1301873091 Timer_EntityBody Test+Pool I can tell the following about the environment: Server: Windows Server 2003 x64 SP2 running on VMWare HTTP Server: IIS v6.0 with ASP.NET 2.0.50727 Antivirus: Trend Micro OfficeScan (Is it a good idea to have this on a server?)

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• Deployment/provisioning tool for commercial applications (not developed in-house)

  - by mfinni

  I help manage a few hosted commercial applications, and we have a lot of manual processes involved when doing new customer-instance deployments into the shared (multitenant) environment. Allow me to describe the most relevant features, and then we can talk about the tools. We have an application on AIX, that requires dozens of changes to config files (some plain text, some XML) as well as a good number of commands to be run on multiple servers - some to start the new instance, some to restart our shared authentication and reporting engines, etc. The config changes follow templates, of course. The servers in question will also depend on the initial conditions specified by the implementer/deployer - we may choose to deploy a given customer to our servers in Europe, or one set of servers may be active-active whereas a different set of servers is active-passive - in short, there's a lot of complications. We have another application that run on IIS 6 and SQL. The DBAs don't want any automation of the SQL components and that's fine with me, but automating the IIS bit would be great. For a new customer instance, we make a filesystem copy of a template Virtual Directory target named after the new customer, make a new AppPool to match, edit a VirDir template .xml file to replace the filepaths and AppPool names with the new ones, and then make a new VirDir from the modified template XML to point to the new filesystem folder and app pool. For the first case, something like ControlTier or Chef might be good. For the second, the new(ish) Web Deploy from MS would probably do a good job. Has anyone used these tools or others to do something similar for applications? More of a nice-to-have, not a fixed requirement - Has anyone used anything that works on both platforms? I'm looking for something free, because the official word is that within a year, we will have whatever HP has renamed the OpsWare suite, which should be able to do stuff like this. Edit - based on someone's suggestion, looking at CFengine for the AIX application, it doesn't seem to address my pain. The problem isn't keeping a given config synced across dozens of servers, we have rsync for that. The problem is that onboarding a new customer instance touches dozens of files, putting pieces of the same or similar information into them - some are new stanzas in existing files, some are new files, and some are new directories. This is a several-hours-long process that is also error-prone because it's mostly done by hand. I guess I'm looking for config-file generation and management. I have built a small Perl script to do something similar for a much smaller case - it binds a CSV file into variables, and then does a copy-and-search-and-replace from a set of template config files. I could probably do the same here.

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• Weird IIS with Windows Authentication + IE problem

  - by Paulius Maruška

  I have a website running on IIS and using Windows Authentication. All users that are configured to get access to the site are form a AD domain (not local users). In the properties of a Website, I have set to use the AD domain as the realm. Now, when using Firefox, Safari or Chrome - Everything is fine. When the user tries to open the site, he get's the login box. he enters simply "username" and "password" (let's pretend that it's an actual login and password :P) and he get's into the site. When using IE, however, things get nasty. When the user tries to open the site - he get's the login box. User enters the "username" and "password" again, but those get rejected! And when the second time login box pops up - it has the username filled in as "web-server-domain-name\username" which is wrong, because web-server-domain-name is not the domain where all users reside (it's "ad-domain"). I've spent days trying to figure out what's going on... Note, that if I manually enter "ad-domain\username" - I get accepted into the site without problems. So, my guess is that IE sends wrong username if domain is not specified. Anyway, IE is the only browser that triggers this behavior! Is it possible to do a server-side fix? Maybe it's possible to somehow auto-map the users to AD users? If it's not solvable server-side - is there a client-side fix for this? Thank you. PS: I'm more of a programmer than a sys-admin, so configuring servers isn't the strong side of mine... :P UPDATE: @Evan: Yes, "Digest authentication for Windows domain servers" is also enabled. @Eric: IIS version is 6.0. The authentication methods enabled are: Integrated and digest - all other methods are disabled. As for the security log. I looked at it, when doing "username" and "password" login in Chrome/Firefox and when doing "ad-domain\username" and "password" login from IE - the generated log messages are the same (I see no difference, anyway). When entering "username" and "password" I don't see any errors in the security (or any other) log, so can't tell what method it's trying to use. UPDATE 2: As suggested by Eric in the comments - I played around with Fiddler... While playing with it, I noticed, that when "username" and "password" is entered in FF and IE - the "Authorization" header value (encrypted) sent by IE is longer (almost two times) than one sent by FF. I tried to disable Windows Integrated authentication and only leave the Digest enabled - that fixed the problem (meaning, IE used the right realm just like other browsers), but that caused bazillion other problems with my site, because with Digest - user impersonation on the server doesn't work (that causes problems, when connecting to database etc). Any ideas?

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• Why Does My Windows 7 PC Freeze After Waking from Sleep?

  - by Blaenk

  Hey guys. I have Windows 7 running on my computer and everything is perfect. There's only one little problem. Sometimes when I leave my computer, I come back and my monitor is turned off or asleep, whichever it is. This is fine, I set it to do this. However, after turning on the monitor and moving the mouse around, the mouse cursor freezes; both the keyboard and mouse don't respond to anything, for example the keyboard's windows key won't bring up the start menu and moving the mouse around does not move the cursor around on the screen. I have to wait about a minute or two before things start working again. I figured this was a power savings setting problem, so I went into Control Panel Power Options. I only have Turn off Display = 30 minutes and Put Computer to Sleep = Never. Of course, I went into the advanced power settings to look through there. I put Never to turn off the hard disk, Sleep after never, and that's about it. Nothing else there looks like it might be causing this. I went into the device manager and checked the mouse and the keyboard, and they both have the Allow this device to wake the computer checked for both of them. Perhaps this other bit of information might help: Sometimes I VNC into my PC using my MacBook, and sometimes, as soon as it shows me the desktop, the same thing happens. The mouse won't move and VNC won't register any events on the server (Which is my PC of course). I close the client (And I know it has nothing to do with the client), then immediately restart it and try to connect. When I click the connect button, it hangs there, as if the PC is not responding. Basically it's like whenever I try to wake the computer from sleep, it does so by showing me the desktop, then it freaks out. Then again, I guess the computer isn't sleeping because the setting is set to 'Sleep after = Never'. I honestly don't know what's going on, would appreciate any insight. Thanks!

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• Scaling a video processing application on EC2?

  - by Stpn

  I am approaching the need to scale a video-processign application that runs on EC2. So far the setup is one machine: Backbonejs frontend Rails 3.2 Postgresql Resque + S3 for storage The flow of the app is as follows: 1) Request from frontend. Upload a video. 2) Storing video 3) Quering external APIs. 4) Processing / encoding videos. 5) Post to frontend. I can separate the backend and frontend without any problems, but when it comes to distributing the backend between several servers I am a bit puzzled. I can probably come up with a temporary solution (like just duplicating apps making several instances), but since I don't really have expertise in backend system administration, there can be some fundamental mistakes.. Also I would rather have something that is scalable. I wonder if anyone can give some feedback on the following plan: A) Frontend machine. Just frontend, talks to backend via REST Api of sorts. B) Backend server (BS), main database. Gets request from 1), posts to 2) saves uploads to 3) C) S3 storage. D) Server for quering APIs. Basically just a Resque workers, that post info back to 2) E) Server for video encoding. Processes videos uploaded on 3) and uploads them back. So I will have: A)frontend \ \ B)MAIN_APP/DB ----- C)S3 Storage (Files) / \ / / \ / D)ExternalAPI_queries E)Video_Processing (redundant DB) (redundant DB) All this will supposedly talk to each other via HTTP requests. My reason for this is that Video Processing part is really the most resource-intensive and I would just run barebones application that accepts requests and starts processing them. Questions: 1) In this setup I will have the main database at B) and all other servers will communicate with it via HTTP requests (and store duplicates of databases also I guess..for safety reasons). Is it the right approach or should I have 1 database that everyone connects to (how then?) 2) Is it a good idea to separate API queries from Video Processing part? Logically they are very close (processing is determined by the result of API queries), but resource-wise Video Processing is waaay more intensive. 3) what should I use to distribute calls between backend apps based on load?

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• Some services refusing to start on Win 7 machine. What could the root cause be?

  - by BombDefused

  When I check msconfig, there are no services that are blocked from starting up. When I look in services.msc, the problem services have a start up type of 'Automatic', but have a blank space where others will show 'Started'. Attempting to start them manually results in the following pop up error messages. I have no idea what's causing this, looks like some sort of cascade effect from another problem service. It's affecting scheduled tasks, SQL server agent and windows back up services. How can I resolve this? I don't know how to work out what the root cause is. Task Scheduler Service Start Error: "Windows could not start the Task Scheduler service on local computer. 1068: The dependecy service or group failed to start. SQL Server Service Start Error: "The SQL Server Agent service on Local Computer started and then stopped. Some services stop automatically if they are not in use by other services or programs." UPDATE: I've just noticed some other services have a description of "Failed to Read Description. Error Code: 2" They are: NetMsmqActivator, NetPipeActivator, NetTcpActivator, NetTcpPortSharing UPDATE 2: As joeqwerty says the Event Log service does seem to be the root of the problem. This service will not start either. It fails with 'Error 31 - A device attached to the system is not functioning correctly'. I've tried detaching all devices. I've also followed the advice here, where the same problem is described, but with no luck: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/w7itprosecurity/thread/44479c49-55e6-4bd7-b25e-3f2a6497306e Update 3 @ Pacey - The following was a good tip, really clear instruction. However, I found that those reg keys do not exist on my system. "Your Problem might also derive from the UpperFilter or LowerFilter Settings of the CDROM Drive. These are a known cause for Errorcode 31. You can find step-by-step instructions on removing the filters on about.com" I followed the advice through to checking every component in device manager separately, but everything is reported as working correctly!? These services did all work at one point. The hardware set up hasn't changed much. Guess I'm looking at a repair install maybe???!

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• Thunderbird 3: can't change column width?

  - by rumtscho

  I recently installed Thunderbird 3.0.3. Just noticed a suboptimal UI setting: in the upper pane, which lists the e-mails in the current folder, the Date column is about 200px wide. So when I keep the window at 480x600, all I see in a row is: | tree icon | favourites icon | attachment icon | read icon | junk icon | Date and time, followed by 5cm whitespace | ... | P Where "P" is the first letter of the name of the sender. And the "..." is actually shown this way, I have no idea which column it is meant to be. But I don't see neither the sender, nor the message subject, which makes scrolling a folder for a certain mail rather pointless. I see these when I maximize the window, actually the columns are then not only bigger, they are arranged in another sequence. But I feel that holding a mail client permanently maximised at 1600x1200 is a waste of screen real estate. My naive solution attempt was to try to go with the mouse cursor to the right edge of the date column and try to shrink it by moving the cursor left while holding down the left mouse button. Not only is this default behaviour for all resizable columns I've ever encountered in GUIs, the cursor actually turns into a horizontal double-headed arrow. But pulling has no effect at all. I cannot make a wide column narrow, and I cannot make the narrow columns wide. I didn't find anything in the preferences either. So can please somebody explain how to get the columns arranged sensibly? Edit: I found out that I only have the problem when I drag the Thunderbird window to a GridMove screen area. It gets automatically resized, but doesn't notice the resize event or something, so the column width remains the same as under a maximized window. First making the window narrow using the mouse helps with column width, but the width of the mail pane is still too wide (rows don't reflow). Anyway, this seems to be a bug caused by the combination of the two applications and not a configuration problem, so I guess I'll have to live with it.

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• Vista stuck at "Shutting down..." screen. Any way to get verbose logging?

  - by CapBBeard

  Hi all, My home machine has been running fine for about 3 years, no problems at all. Within the last couple of weeks it's had real trouble trying to shut down. It'll get so far and then just sit there at the "Shutting down..." screen for hours. I've left it overnight, I've tried in safe mode, all to no avail. These days, I just wait for the disk activity to finish up and then hold the power button to turn it off. Feels dirty as, especially because there's a RAID involved! The hardware itself is in pretty good shape and of decent spec; Core 2 Quad, 4GB RAM, 1TB RAID 1+0, so it's not quite like a 7 year old PC coming to end of life! In the last month, hardware hasn't changed except for a new monitor. Admittedly I haven't tried unplugging the monitor but I've never heard of that preventing a shutdown. I might give it a whirl later I guess, as a last resort. I've uninstalled old apps, done updates, checked the event log, looked in device manager, uninstalled all non-present devices, disabled various non-critical devices (imaging, audio etc), unplugged peripherals, stopped non-essential services, unplugged the network, disabled the network adapter entirely, ran chkdsk, verified my RAID, the list goes on. But not a single lead. I'm pretty stumped. It could be hardware, but I have no other evidence to suggest so; when the PC is running, it runs fine. Temperatures are good, gaming is smooth as always, disk performance is fine. Event log even makes it look like the shutdown was completed (gets to the point where the event log service stops). In fact, the PC doesn't appear to realise that I cut the power to it. So my question is, does anyone know if there is a way I can get some verbose output (or a log) from shutdown to give me some idea of what is causing the issue? I'm guessing it's stuck unloading some app/driver but it would be good to get some specifics! Unless anyone has any other ideas? I suspect a reinstall would resolve the issue, however I'm looking to get a new PC built in the next month or so, and the reinstall is going to be quite a big job so I'd rather just wait until then if it comes to that. Would still be nice to get this sorted in the mean time though. Cheers!

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• Rebasing a branch which is public

  - by Dror

  I'm failing to understand how to use git-rebase, and I consider the following example. Let's start a repository in ~/tmp/repo: $ git init Then add a file foo $ echo "hello world" > foo which is then added and committed: $ git add foo $ git commit -m "Added foo" Next, I started a remote repository. In ~/tmp/bare.git I ran $ git init --bare In order to link repo to bare.git I ran $ git remote add origin ../bare.git/ $ git push --set-upstream origin master Next, lets branch, add a file and set an upstream for the new branch b1: $ git checkout -b b1 $ echo "bar" > foo2 $ git add foo2 $ git commit -m "add foo2 in b1" $ git push --set-upstream origin b1 Now it is time to switch back to master and change something there: $ echo "change foo" > foo $ git commit -a -m "changed foo in master" $ git push At this point in master the file foo contain changed foo, while in b1 it is still hello world. Finally, I want to sync b1 with the progress made in master. $ git checkout b1 $ git fetch origin $ git rebase origin/master At this point git st returns: # On branch b1 # Your branch and 'origin/b1' have diverged, # and have 2 and 1 different commit each, respectively. # (use "git pull" to merge the remote branch into yours) # nothing to commit, working directory clean At this point the content of foo in the branch b1 is change foo as well. So what does this warning mean? I expected I should do a git push, git suggests to do git pull... According to this answer, this is more or less it, and in his comment @FrerichRaabe explicitly say that I don't need to do a pull. What's going on here? What is the danger, how should one proceed? How should the history be kept consistent? What is the interplay between the case described above and the following citation: Do not rebase commits that you have pushed to a public repository. taken from pro git book. I guess it is somehow related, and if not I would love to know why. What's the relation between the above scenario and the procedure I described in this post.

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• HTTPS in sub domain redirects to main domain

  - by Amitabh

  We recently bought a wildcard certificate and installed it for a domain. It works fine for the main domain but seems to not work at all for any sub domains. Whats happening is we can access the sub domains fine on HTTP, but whenever we try HTTPS for the same sub domain url we are redirected back to the main domain. So if I put up a test folder "httpstest" in a sub domain with a index.html file in it, the following happens mysubdomain.mywebsite.com/httpstest/index.html or mysubdomain.mywebsite.com/httpstest/ works perfectly fine with http:// but mysubdomain.mywebsite.com/httpstest/ or mysubdomain.mywebsite.com/httpstest/index.html does not work with https:// and redirects to the main domain.Any help on this is greatly appreciated. The site is not the main site used for setting up the VPS. It was added from WHM. Environment: We are on a Linux VPS. Cpanel 11.30.6 , Apache 2.2.22, PHP 5.3.13 The Virtualhost entry looks like: <VirtualHost xx.xx.xxx.xx:443> ServerName my-own-website.com ServerAlias www.my-own-website.com DocumentRoot /home/amitabh/public_html ServerAdmin [email protected] UseCanonicalName Off CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/my-own-website.com combined CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/my-own-website.com-bytes_log "%{%s}t %I .\n%{%s}t %O ." ## User amitabh # Needed for Cpanel::ApacheConf <IfModule mod_suphp.c> suPHP_UserGroup amitabh amitabh </IfModule> <IfModule !mod_disable_suexec.c> SuexecUserGroup amitabh amitabh </IfModule> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/amitabh/public_html/cgi-bin/ SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/my-own-website.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/my-own-website.com.key SSLCACertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/my-own-website.com.cabundle CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/my-own-website.com-ssl_log combined SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown <Directory "/home/amitabh/public_html/cgi-bin"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # To customize this VirtualHost use an include file at the following location # Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/ssl/2/amitabh/my-own-website.com/*.conf" </VirtualHost>` I guess I messed up the formatting big time. Any help on formatting and on the issue is great appreciated. Thank you. Update: I could not update the formatting here. I posted the same question in a linux forum . I will really appreciate any pointer on it.

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• Multiple OS's and GRUB chainloading

  - by Kent

  Hi, I want to have multiple OS installations and I have been advised that chain loading using GRUB is a good way to handle this. I have looked at tutorials on the web but I still have some questions before I can start. I want: Windows XP: 20 GB. For running some school stuff and a game which does not work through WINE. Xubuntu 9.04: 85 GB. My main OS. Another Linux distribution: 15 GB . For experimenting and trying Linux distributions out. I will: Wipe and install various distributions quite often on the 15 Use dd to make a copy of my Windows partition after installing it and getting things to work as I like. My experience is that Windows needs to be re-installed maybe once per year to not get bloated and slow. I have been told: To use GRUB chain loading. It will make it easier when kernel upgrades are made in the Linux distributions, as they modify the GRUB boot-menu. To my understanding I need to: (I might very well be mistaken) Install Windows first. Then install Xubuntu and let it write over the MBR with GRUB (I guess this is the default). Get the GRUB on the MBR start Windows XP if I want to (it's done by default), start Xubuntu using the kernel of my choice or defer execution to the boot sector of my other Linux distribution. The actual chain loading will only occur when I want to start my experimental install of Linux. I wonder: Is step 3 above correct and a good way to handle this? Is it also a good way to use chain-loading for both Xubuntu and my experimental Linux installation? How do I get a Linux distribution to install the boot loader it comes with to the boot sector of its partition and not to the MBR? If I can't get it to not touch the MBR. Then I could make a backup of the MBR using dd and then write it back after installing my experimental Linux installation. But then, how would I get the boot loader (lets say GRUB) into the boot sector of the experimental Linux installation? How would it work if said Linux installation gets a new kernel update and needs to update the GRUB menu?

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• Ubuntu hardware wireless switch has no effect after suspend and 13.10 upgrade

  - by blaineh

  I'm posting this on SU after it stalled on askubuntu. I hope someone here can help! If you'd prefer to answer on AU itself, here's the link: http://askubuntu.com/questions/365177/hardware-wireless-switch-has-no-effect-after-suspend-and-13-10-upgrade Wireless works fine after a reboot, but after a suspend the hardware switch (for my laptop this is f12) has no effect on the wireless, it is just permanently off, and shows that it is with a red LED. My rfkill list all reads: 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes 1: hp-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes Any combination with rfkill <un>block wifi doesn't work, although one time first blocking then unblocking actually turned it on again. sudo lshw -C network reads: *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) vendor: Qualcomm Atheros physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 78:e4:00:65:2e:3f width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.11.0-12-generic firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:90100000-9010ffff *-network DISABLED description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: c8:0a:a9:89:b4:30 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:42 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:90010000-90010fff memory:90000000-9000ffff memory:90020000-9002ffff Also, adding a /etc/pm/sleep.d/brcm.sh file as recommended here simply prevents the laptop from suspending at all, which of course is no good. This question has an answer urging to install the original driver, but it wasn't an "accepted answer" so I'd rather not take a chance on it. Also I'll admit I'm a bit lost on that and would like help doing so with the specific information I've given. I would be happy to provide more information, so long as you're willing to help me find it for you! This is a very annoying bug. I have a Compaq Presario CQ62. Edit. Output of lspci | grep Network: 02:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) Edit. This morning, I had had the laptop suspended all night, and then when I tried to awake it, it simply wouldn't. It would try, and then it would sleep again (I guess it felt a little bit like me! </badjoke>). Is it possible these problems are related? Edit. I don't have enough reputation on SU proper to post links to pastebins and other questions I've tried, so I'm putting them in comments, and of course they're available in the original question.

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