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• Python built-in id() not consistent:

  - by Dannellyz

  Hoping someone can explain the following discrepancy: >>> s1 = "Cyber security" >>> s2 = "Cyber security" >>> id(s1) == id(s1) True >>> id(s1) == id(s2) False >>> s1 = "cyber" >>> s2 = "cyber" >>> id(s1) == id(s2) True >>> s2 = "cyber " >>> s2 = "cyber " >>> id(s1) == id(s2) False Why does the space make the id() False, yet different variables with no spaces are True?

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• addslashes and addcslahes

  - by theband

  I was seeing today the addslashes and addcslashes in php.net, but did not get the point on what is the difference between them and what are the characters escaped in these two. <?php $originaltext = 'This text does NOT contain \\n a new-line!'; $encoded = addcslashes($originaltext, '\\'); $decoded = stripcslashes($encoded); //$decoded now contains a copy of $originaltext with perfect integrity echo $decoded; //Display the sentence with it's literal \n intact ?> If i comment the $decoded variable and echo $encoded, i get the same value which is in the original string. Can anyone clearly explain me the difference and use of these two.

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• Why PHP (script) serves more requests than CGI (compiled)?

  - by Lucas Batistussi

  I developed the following CGI script and run on Apache 2 (http://localhost/test.chtml). I did same script in PHP (http://localhost/verifica.php). Later I performed Apache benchmark using Apache Benchmark tool. The results are showed in images. include #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { printf("%s%c%c\n", "Content-Type:text/html;charset=iso-8859-1",13,10); printf("<TITLE>Multiplication results</TITLE>\n"); printf("<H3>Multiplication results</H3>\n"); return 0; } Someone can explain me why PHP serves more requests than CGI script?

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• Proper use of use of "cor" function in R

  - by order

  I am interested to know what a proper x (vector matrix or data frame) input looks like. I am currently using the function in two different sorts of matrices. However, I am not sure how R would interpret my data the way I intend. I will explain the types of matrix by example. Type 1 Gene1 Gene2 Gene3 sample1 sample2 Type 2 Sample1 Sample2 Sample3 gene 1 gene 2 gene 3 Are either of these formats valid x parameters? I input both of types of matrices and get some results, but without knowing whether or not this a proper use the function, these are just random numbers. Thank you for your time. I apologize that this isn't more interesting.

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• How to save to two tables using one SQLAlchemy model

  - by Oatman

  I have an SQLAlchemy ORM class, linked to MySQL, which works great at saving the data I need down to the underlying table. However, I would like to also save the identical data to a second archive table. Here's some psudocode to try and explain what I mean my_data = Data() #An ORM Class my_data.name = "foo" #This saves just to the 'data' table session.add(my_data) #This will save it to the identical 'backup_data' table my_data_archive = my_data my_data_archive.__tablename__ = 'backup_data' session.add(my_data_archive) #And commits them both session.commit() Just a heads up, I am not interested in mapping a class to a JOIN, as in: http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/05/mappers.html#mapping-a-class-against-multiple-tables

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• Using pthread condition variable with rwlock

  - by Doomsday

  Hello, I'm looking for a way to use pthread rwlock structure with conditions routines in C++. I have two questions: First: How is it possible and if we can't, why ? Second: Why current POSIX pthread have not implemented this behaviour ? To understand my purpose, I explain what will be my use: I've a producer-consumer model dealing with one shared array. The consumer will cond_wait when the array is empty, but rdlock when reading some elems. The producer will wrlock when adding(+signal) or removing elems from the array. The benefit of using rdlock instead of mutex_lock is to improve performance: when using mutex_lock, several readers would block, whereas using rdlock several readers would not block.

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• perf events documentation

  - by Thanatos

  I've searched for an exhaustive explanation of the meaning of each event monitored by the perf stat command; I've found a tutorial which explains quite well how to use different the features of the perf tool. However, it doesn't explain the meaning of several events that can be observed (and there are a lot!!). Someone know where is a quite simple and complete documentation about the events listed by the perf list command? In particular, I'm interested in finding out the percentage of cpu used by some application I wrote. Can i measure it directly through cpu-clock or task-clock? What's the meaning of these two events? Thanks in advance

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• Why is const required [C++] ? [closed]

  - by Andy Leman

  Possible Duplicate: What's the difference between a const member function and a non-const member function? class Message { public: Message(const char* pStr, const char* key); Message(const char* pStr); Message(); void encryptMessage(); void decryptMessage(); const char* getUnMessage() const; const char* getEnMessage() const; void getMessage(); void getKey(); ~Message(); private: char* pUnMessage; char* pEnMessage; char* pKey; }; In this program, why using const? (2 different places) Please explain those 2 for me. Thank you very much!

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• How to pass and set a CGFloat by reference?

  - by mystify

  I want to make an method which takes an CGFloat by reference. Could I do something like this? - (void)doStuff:(CGFloat*)floatPointer I guess this must look different than other object pointers which have two of those stars. Also I'm not sure if I must do something like: - (void)doStuff:(const CGFloat*)floatPointer And of course, no idea how to assign an CGFloat value to that floatPointer. Maybe &floatPointer = 5.0f; ? Could someone give some examples and explain these? Would be great!

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• Launch ms word template as new document from IE...

  - by Simon

  I have a requirement to launch .dot files (ms word templates) as new documents from the browser... Let me explain... if you click on a .dot file in Windows Explorer it opens a new document and runs any macros... you can right click and edit the template... I want to link to the files, so I use <a href="file://myserver/templates/letter.dot">Letter</a>... However this then prompts for the "Download File" dialogue box... and then if I click "Open" it opens the template in edit mode... not the required new document mode... This may be a technical impossibility but can I achieve the desired result in ActiveX or something??

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• Understanding c++ block of code

  - by kotoko

  I was given a c++ main and have to code it so it works. I am having some trouble understanding the code as I am a bit new to cpp. Here is the code int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Class::setAtribute("string"); Class(Class::CONSTANT) << "starting up..."; } Some questions: How can the first line work with no variables? Is it static? The second line is really strange for me, what I can make out is a Constructor that takes in a class constante and then prints it out somehow? If someone could explain me this bit of code it would be great! Thanks in advance.

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• How messages flows between computers connected with Internet or LAN ?

  - by Praveen

  Hi All, I have been doing Windows programming in .Net since last two years. Now I am shifting to web programming so I just stuck in understanding the fundamentals of web programming, after googling I came to StackOverflow to learn from all of you great guys. My confusion is about how messages flow between systems in distributed enviornment ? I mean suppose I want to send a message "Hello" to a system connected to LAN or Internet, then what will be the steps taken to send the message. Second thing is suppose my system is "A" and I wana send message to system "B" which is connected via a wire, so how the message flows on wire and how system "B" reads it from the wire ? Please someone explain me in a layman terms. Thank you all in advance.

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• the use of private keyword

  - by LAT

  Hi everyone I am new to programming. I am learning Java now, there is something I am not really sure, that the use of private. Why programmer set the variable as private then write , getter and setter to access it. Why not put everything in public since we use it anyway. public class BadOO { public int size; public int weight; ... } public class ExploitBadOO { public static void main (String [] args) { BadOO b = new BadOO(); b.size = -5; // Legal but bad!! } } I found some code like this, and i saw the comment legal but bad. I don't understand why, please explain me.

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• c++ signatures, pointers

  - by coubeatczech

  Hello, what's the difference between these signatures? T * f(T & identifier); T & f(T & identifier); T f(T & identifier); void f(T * identifier); void f(T & identifier); void f(T identifier); I met pointers in c, but the amperstand in function signature is new for me. Can Anyone explain this?

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• PHP inheriting/extending a particular instance of an Object

  - by delta9

  Is there any way to force PHP to extend an existing/particular (and for that matter, already instantiated) instance of an object? This imaginary code should explain what I am wondering: class Base { public $var; function __construct($var){ $this->var = $name; } } class Extender extends Base { function __construct($parent) { parent = $parent; } } $base = new Base('yay!'); $extender = new Extender($base); echo 'Extended base var value: '.$extender->var.'<br/>'; Output (would be): Extended base var value: yay! To be clear, I am wanting to instantiate an object that extends a PARTICULAR INSTANCE of another object, one that has already been instantiated. I am aware that I can pass a reference to an object to another object (via it's constructor function) and then add it as a property of the receiving object, I'm wondering if there is a real way to do this?

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• Why does Perl allow mutual "use" relationships between modules?

  - by Haiyuan Zhang

  Let's say there are two modules that mutually use each other: package a; use b; sub p {} 1; package b; use a; 1; I think that it is systematically wrong to write code like the above, because the two modules will endlessly copy each other's code to themselves, but I can successfully run the following code, which makes me very surprised. Could any of you explain all of this to me? #! /usr/bin/perl use a; a->p();

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• Could someone tell me if my C++ indent style is named? (example given)

  - by Maulrus

  I'm learning C++. For me, my programming style is just what looks the best; it doesn't seem to follow the rules of any one particular style. Here's an example void f(int x){ //no space between close-paren and bracket if (!x){ cout << "x is non-zero\n"; } //closing bracket indented to the same level as the original statement } It's only slightly different for something like a class or a namespace: class myClass {}; //space between class name and bracket, otherwise the same as functions K&R style does uses that kind of bracketing for statements, but my style uses it for everything. I'd like to know if there's a name for it so I can say simply what my indent style is without having to explain using examples like these.

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• Simple OOP-related question.

  - by M4design

  This question came to my mind quite a few times. Let my explain my question through an example. Say I've got two classes: 1- Grid. 2- Cell. Now the location of the cell 'should' be stored in the grid class, not in the cell class itself. Say that the cell wanted to get its location through a method in the grid. How can it do that? Keep in mind that the cell was created/initialised by the Grid class. What good OO approach to solve this problem? Thank you

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• I just can't figure out strcat.

  - by Anonymous

  I know I shouldn't be using that function, and I don't care. Last time I checked the spec for strcat, it said something along the lines of updating the first value as well as returning the same. Now, this is a really stupid question, and I want you to explain it like you're talking to a really stupid person. Why won't this work? char* foo="foo"; printf(strcat(foo,"bar")); EDIT: I don't know the difference between char[] and char*. How would I allocate a string of 255 characters? EDIT 2: OK, OK, so char[number] allocates a string of that many bytes? Makes sense. Thanks.

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• Htaccess/robots.txt to allow search bots to explore main domain but not directory on other domain

  - by gX

  Ok, I understand the Title didn't make any sense so here I've tried to explain it in detail. I'm using a hosting that gives me space for my domain and lets me "add on" other domains on it. So lets say I have a domain A, and I add on a domain B. Basically my hosting gives me a public_html where I can put stuff that shows when someone visits website A. But, when I add the domain B, it lets me put the content of B, INSIDE of that public_html so that website B.com can also be visited by going to A.com/siteB... Thats all good, except that Google has started indexing B.com as well as A.com/siteB, I'm ok with it indexing B.com, but I somehow want to prevent it from indexing A.com/siteB so that when people search for B, it doesn't end up showing A.com/siteB. Any ideas? Let me know if the question is still unclear.

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• date() returning wrong day although the timestamp is correct!

  - by Spiros

  I have a bizzare problem with php date function. code: $numDays = 8; $date = strtotime('2010-11-06'); for ($i=1; $i<=$numDays; $i++) { $thisDay = date("D, d M Y", $date); print ($thisDay.'<br>'); $date+=86400; // add one day to timestamp } result on my server (local host, windows): Sat, 06 Nov 2010 Sun, 07 Nov 2010 Mon, 08 Nov 2010 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 Sat, 13 Nov 2010 Result on my web server (linux) Sat, 06 Nov 2010 *Sun, 07 Nov 2010 Sun, 07 Nov 2010* Mon, 08 Nov 2010 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 Notice how Sun, 07 Nov 2010 appears twice on the remote server?? Why is this happening? can anyone explain this Behavior?

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• scrollTop with jQuery

  - by Narcís

  I want a foot to be at the bottom of the page. But when the user makes the window smaller, the two divs come together, it would be better that begins the scroll and hides the foot. I don't know if I explain? I have the code life here: http://jsfiddle.net/mdAsn/ $(function(){ $(document).scroll(function(){ var topDistance = $('#foot').scrollTop(); if(topDistance >= 420){ $('#foot').css({position: 'absolute',bottom:'10px'}); } else{ $('#foot').css({position: 'absolute',top:'410px'}); } }); })

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• Is it possible to launch a php script at apache startup

  - by Mademoiselle Vagin Cul

  Hi, As the title says, I want to know if it is be possible to automatically launch a PHP script when a restart of apache is done. thanks MORE INFO EDIT: I will try to explain what is the purpose of this, the best I can. We are currently refactoring our application and we'll be stuck with 2 differents configuration file system for the time being, until all of the application flows are refactored (might take more than a year). The old one is using simple flat file in the key=value format (i.e. www.conf), while the new system will use cacheable php files (i.e. www.php). We need to replicate to www.php any config changes made in www.config. Since Apache gets restarted whenever there is a config change in www.conf, I thought it might be a good workaround solution to launch a PHP script, that would replicate the www.conf to www.php.

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• Why can't we use strong ref cursor with dynamic SQL Statement?

  - by Vineet

  Hi ALL, I am trying to use a strong ref cur with dynamic sql statment but it is giving out an error,but when i use weak cursor it works,Please explain what is the reason and please forward me any link of oracle server architect containing matter about how compilation and parsing is done in Oracle server. THIS is the error along with code. ERROR at line 6: ORA-06550: line 6, column 7: PLS-00455: cursor 'EMP_REF_CUR' cannot be used in dynamic SQL OPEN statement ORA-06550: line 6, column 2: PL/SQL: Statement ignored declare type ref_cur_type IS REF CURSOR RETURN employees%ROWTYPE; --Creating a strong REF cursor,employees is a table emp_ref_cur ref_cur_type; emp_rec employees%ROWTYPE; BEGIN OPEN emp_ref_cur FOR 'SELECT * FROM employees'; LOOP FETCH emp_ref_cur INTO emp_rec; EXIT WHEN emp_ref_cur%NOTFOUND; END lOOP; END;

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• pointers in C with a #define

  - by milan

  The function: #define ASSOC(port) (*(volatile bit_field *) (&port)) The function call: #define SCLK ASSOC(PORTC).bit0 bit_field defined as a struct like this: typedef struct { unsigned char bit0 :1, bit1 :1, bit2 :1, bit3 :1, bit4 :1, bit5 :1, bit6 :1, bit7 :1; } bit_field; I don't know where &port is defined. Can someone please explain how the function is read and how it works please? I am not very good with pointers and this example in particular is very confusing with "*" in the front and at the end and the "&" with the port. Thank you

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