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  • Hexagonal Tiles

    - by PATRY
    i'm doing a tactical game (X-Com / Fallout style) for fun. I've decided to use an hexagonal map, but i'm having a graphic problem. My current map display is HUD-like, with only the border of the map cells displayed, without any texture. it's simple and allow for display of different types of informations by varying the color of the border. For exemple the "danger view mode" displays the borders with a color going from green (no damage possible) to red (prob of damage 90%). Now, It's a bit hard to différenciate the kind of tile the player is on. I could put a plain color (green is grass, pale blue is water...), but this is going to limit the possibilities. Thus, i would like to display a texture on my tiles. Since the map are generated, i can not use a picture for the whole map with the HUD over. So, my question is : does any one knows how i could generate the sealess hexagonal textures (algo or plugin), or if there is a site with some hexagonal tiles ?

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  • Black or White Border/Shadow around PNGs in SDL/OPENGL

    - by Dylan
    having the same issue as this: Why do my sprites have a dark shadow/line/frame surrounding the texture? however, when I do the fix suggested there (changing GL_SRC_ALPHA to GL_ONE) it just replaces the black border with a white border on the images, and messes with my background color and some polygons I'm drawing (not all of them weirdly) by making them much lighter... any ideas? heres some of my relevant code. init: glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); glAlphaFunc(GL_GREATER, 0.01); glEnable(GL_ALPHA_TEST); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_BLEND); when each texture is loaded: glGenTextures(1, &textureID); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID); gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_RGBA, surface->w, surface->h, GL_BGRA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface->pixels); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

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  • Calculating the correct particle angle in an outwards explosion

    - by Sun
    I'm creating a simple particle explosion but am stuck in finding the correct angle to rotate my particle. The effect I'm going for is similar to this: Where each particle is going outwards from the point of origin and at the correct angle. This is what I currently have: As you can see, each particle is facing the same angle, but I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the correct angle. I have the vector for the point of emission and the new vector for each particle, how can I use this to calculate the angle? Some code for reference: private Particle CreateParticle() { ... Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1), 2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1)); direction = velocity - ParticleLocation; float angle = (float)Math.Atan2(direction.Y, direction.X); ... return new Particle(texture, position, velocity, angle, angularVelocity, color, size, ttl, EmitterLocation); } I am then using the angle created as so in my particles Draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, Position, null, Color, Angle, origin, Size, SpriteEffects.None, 0f);

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  • Android 2D terrain scrolling

    - by Nikola Ninkovic
    I want to make infinite 2D terrain based on my algorithm.Then I want to move it along Y axis (to the left) This is how I did it : public class Terrain { Queue<Integer> _bottom; Paint _paint; Bitmap _texture; Point _screen; int _numberOfColumns = 100; int _columnWidth = 20; public Terrain(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, Bitmap texture) { _bottom = new LinkedList<Integer>(); _screen = new Point(screenWidth, screenHeight); _numberOfColumns = screenWidth / 6; _columnWidth = screenWidth / _numberOfColumns; for(int i=0;i<=_numberOfColumns;i++) { // Generate terrain point and put it into _bottom queue } _paint = new Paint(); _paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); _paint.setShader(new BitmapShader(texture, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT)); } public void update() { _bottom.remove(); // Algorithm calculates next point _bottom.add(nextPoint); } public void draw(Canvas canvas) { Iterator<Integer> i = _bottom.iterator(); int counter = 0; Path path = new Path(); path.moveTo(0, _screen.y); while (i.hasNext()) { path.lineTo(counter, _screen.y-i.next()); counter += _columnWidth; } path.lineTo(_screen.x, _screen.y); path.lineTo(0, _screen.y); canvas.drawPath(path2, _paint); } } The problem is that the game is too 'fast', so I tried with pausing thread with Thread.sleep(50); in run() method of my game thread but then it looks too torn. Well, is there any way to slow down drawing of my terrain ?

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  • Text on a model

    - by alecnash
    I am trying to put some text on a Model and I want it to be dynamic. Did some research and came up with drawing the text on the texture and then set it on the model. I use something like this: public static Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Spritbatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture Spritbatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(GraphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); Spritbatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); Spritbatch.End(); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } When I was working with primitives and not models everything worked fine because I set the texture exactly where I wanted but with the model (RoundedRect 3D button). It now looks like that: Is there a way to have the text centered only on one side?

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  • XNA - Obtaining depth from the scene's render target?

    - by user1423893
    I'm currently rendering my scene to a render target so it can be used for rendering methods such as post processing and order independent transparency. rtScene = new RenderTarget2D( GraphicsDevice, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Rgba64, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8, // Requires a depth format for objects to be drawn correctly (e.g. wireframe model surrounding model) 0, RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents ); I am required to use RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents so that the same render target can be rendered to multiple times, once for each of the draw methods below. DrawBackground DrawDeferred DrawForward DrawTransparent The problem is that DrawTransparent requires a copy of the scene's depth as a texture. Is there any way to obtain this from the scene render target above (rtScene)? I can't have more than one render target with RenderTargetUsage.PreserveContents as this causes problems on hardware such as the XBOX 360, so rendering the depth to a separate render target at the same time as I render the scene isn't possible as far as I can tell. Would I be able to get around this problem by "Ping-Ponging" two render targets (using the more compatible RenderTargetUsage.DiscardContents) and using the result for the depth texture?

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  • Calculating distance from viewer to object in a shader

    - by Jay
    Good morning, I'm working through creating the spherical billboards technique outlined in this paper. I'm trying to create a shader that calculates the distance from the camera to all objects in the scene and stores the results in a texture. I keep getting either a completely black or white texture. Here are my questions: I assume the position that's automatically sent to the vertex shader from ogre is in object space? The gpu interpolates the output position from the vertex shader when it sends it to the fragment shader. Does it do the same for my depth calculation or do I need to move that calculation to the fragment shader? Is there a way to debug shaders? I have no errors but I'm not sure I'm getting my parameters passed into the shaders correctly. Here's my shader code: void DepthVertexShader( float4 position : POSITION, uniform float4x4 worldViewProjMatrix, uniform float3 eyePosition, out float4 outPosition : POSITION, out float Depth ) { // position is in object space // outPosition is in camera space outPosition = mul( worldViewProjMatrix, position ); // calculate distance from camera to vertex Depth = length( eyePosition - position ); } void DepthFragmentShader( float Depth : TEXCOORD0, uniform float fNear, uniform float fFar, out float4 outColor : COLOR ) { // clamp output using clip planes float fColor = 1.0 - smoothstep( fNear, fFar, Depth ); outColor = float4( fColor, fColor, fColor, 1.0 ); } fNear is the near clip plane for the scene fFar is the far clip plane for the scene

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  • IDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData() returns no data

    - by P. Avery
    I've got a simple function to get the rendertarget data of an RT( w/default pool ). This particular RT has a resolution of 1x1( it's the 10'th and final mip of a texture ). Here is my code to get data for IDirect3DSurface9 *pTargetSurface: IDirect3DSurface9 *pSOS = NULL; pd3dDevice->CreateOffScreenPlainSurface( 1, 1, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM, &pSOS, NULL ); // get residual energy if( FAILED( hr = pd3dDevice->GetRenderTargetData( pTargetSurface, pSOS ) ) ) { DebugStringDX( ClassName, "Failed to IDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData() at DownsampleArea()", __LINE__, hr ); goto Exit; } // lock surface if( FAILED( hr = pSOS->LockRect( &rct, NULL, D3DLOCK_READONLY ) ) ) { DebugStringDX( ClassName, "Failed to IDirect3DSurface9::LockRect() at DownsampleArea()", __LINE__, hr ); goto Exit; } // get residual energy from downsampled texture pByte = ( BYTE* )rct.pBits; D3DXVECTOR4 vEnergy; vEnergy.z = ( float )pByte[ 0 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.y = ( float )pByte[ 1 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.x = ( float )pByte[ 2 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.w = ( float )pByte[ 3 ] / 255.0f; V( pSOS->UnlockRect() ); All formatting and settings are correct, directx in debug mode shows no errors... The problem is that the 4 bytes above are 0...I know this to be incorrect by using PIX to debug...PIX shows that RGB bytes are 0.078 and Alpah is 1. These values are not less than that which can be represented by a single byte( 1 / 255 ). Any ideas? Am I copying rendertarget data correctly?

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  • String on a model

    - by alecnash
    I am trying to put a sting on a Model and I want it to be dynamic. Did some research and came up with drawing the text on the texture and then set it on the model. I use something like this: public static Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Spritbatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture Spritbatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(GraphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); Spritbatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); Spritbatch.End(); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } When I was working with primitives and not models everything worked fine because I set the texture exactly where I wanted but with the model (RoundedRect 3d button) it looks like that: Is there a way to have the text centered only on one side?

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  • how does HDR work?

    - by dotminic
    I'm trying to understand what HDR is and how it works. I understand the basic concepts and have an slight idea of how it is implemented with D3D/hlsl. However it's still pretty foggy. Say I'm rendering a sphere with a texture of the earth and a small point list of vertices to act as stars, how would I render this in HDR ? Here are a few things I'm confused about: I'm guessing, I can't use just any basic image format for the texture as the values would be limited to [0, 255] and clamped to [0, 1] in a shader. Same goes for the back buffer, I take it the format needs to be a float point format ? What are the other steps involved ? Surely there has to be more than just using floating point formats to render to a render target and then apply some bloom as a post process ? (considering the output will be 8bpp anyway) Basically, what are the steps for HDR ? How does it work ? I can't seem to find any good papers / articles that describe the process, other than this one, but it seems to skim over the basics a little, so it's confusing.

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  • Create a class that inherets DrawableGameComponent in XNA as a CLASS with custom functions

    - by user3675013
    using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; namespace TileEngine { class Renderer : DrawableGameComponent { public Renderer(Game game) : base(game) { } SpriteBatch spriteBatch ; protected override void LoadContent() { base.LoadContent(); } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { base.Draw(gameTime); } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { base.Update(gameTime); } public override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } public RenderTarget2D new_texture(int width, int height) { Texture2D TEX = new Texture2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height); //create the texture to render to RenderTarget2D Mine = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, width, height); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(Mine); //set the render device to the reference provided //maybe base.draw can be used with spritebatch. Idk. We'll see if the order of operation //works out. Wish I could call base.draw here. return Mine; //I'm hoping that this returns the same instance and not a copy. } public void draw_texture(int width, int height, RenderTarget2D Mine) { GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); //Set the renderer to render to the backbuffer again Rectangle drawrect = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height); //Set the rendering size to what we want spriteBatch.Begin(); //This uses spritebatch to draw the texture directly to the screen spriteBatch.Draw(Mine, drawrect, Color.White); //This uses the color white spriteBatch.End(); //ends the spritebatch //Call base.draw after this since it doesn't seem to recognize inside the function //maybe base.draw can be used with spritebatch. Idk. We'll see if the order of operation //works out. Wish I could call base.draw here. } } } I solved a previous issue where I wasn't allowed to access GraphicsDevice outside the main Default 'main' class Ie "Game" or "Game1" etc. Now I have a new issue. FYi no one told me that it would be possible to use GraphicsDevice References to cause it to not be null by using the drawable class. (hopefully after this last bug is solved it doesn't still return null) Anyways at present the problem is that I can't seem to get it to initialize as an instance in my main program. Ie Renderer tileClipping; and I'm unable to use it such as it is to be noted i haven't even gotten to testing these two steps below but before it compiled but when those functions of this class were called it complained that it can't render to a null device. Which meant that the device wasn't being initialized. I had no idea why. It took me hours to google this. I finally figured out the words I needed.. which were "do my rendering in XNA in a seperate class" now I haven't used the addcomponent function because I don't want it to only run these functions automatically and I want to be able to call the custom ones. In a nutshell what I want is: *access to rendering targets and graphics device OUTSIDE default class *passing of Rendertarget2D (which contain textures and textures should automatically be passed with a rendering target? ) *the device should be passed to this function as well OR the device should be passed to this function as a byproduct of passing the rendertarget (which is automatically associated with the render device it was given originally) *I'm assuming I'm dealing with abstracted pointers here so when I pass a class object or instance, I should be recieving the SAME object , I referenced, and not a copy that has only the lifespan of the function running. *the purpose for all these options: I want to initialize new 2d textures on the fly to customize tileclipping and even the X , y Offsets of where a WHOLE texture will be rendered, and the X and Y offsets of where tiles will be rendered ON that surface. This is why. And I'll be doing region based lighting effects per tile or even per 8X8 pixel spaces.. we'll see I'll also be doing sprite rotations on the whole texture then copying it again to a circular masked texture, and then doing a second copy for only solid tiles for masked rotated collisions on sprites. I'll be checking the masked pixels for my collision, and using raycasting possibly to check for collisions on those areas. The sprite will stay in the center, when this rotation happens. Here is a detailed diagram: http://i.stack.imgur.com/INf9K.gif I'll be using texture2D for steps 4-6 I suppose for steps 1 as well. Now ontop of that, the clipping size (IE the sqaure rendered) will be able to be shrunk or increased, on a per frame basis Therefore I can't use the same static size for my main texture2d and I can't use just the backbuffer Or we get the annoying flicker. Also I will have multiple instances of the renderer class so that I can freely pass textures around as if they are playing cards (in a sense) layering them ontop of eachother, cropping them how i want and such. and then using spritebatch to simply draw them at the locations I want. Hopefully this makes sense, and yes I will be planning on using alpha blending but only after all tiles have been drawn.. The masked collision is important and Yes I am avoiding using math on the tile rendering and instead resorting to image manipulation in video memory which is WHY I need this to work the way I'm intending it to work and not in the default way that XNA seems to handle graphics. Thanks to anyone willing to help. I hate the code form offered, because then I have to rely on static presence of an update function. What if I want to kill that update function or that object, but have it in memory, but just have it temporarily inactive? I'm making the assumption here the update function of one of these gamecomponents is automatic ? Anyways this is as detailed as I can make this post hopefully someone can help me solve the issue. Instead of tell me "derrr don't do it this wayyy" which is what a few people told me (but they don't understand the actual goal I have in mind) I'm trying to create basically a library where I can copy images freely no matter the size, i just have to specify the size in the function then as long as a reference to that object exists it should be kept alive? right? :/ anyways.. Anything else? I Don't know. I understand object oriented coding but I don't understand this XNA It's beggining to feel impossible to do anything custom in it without putting ALL my rendering code into the draw function of the main class tileClipping.new_texture(GraphicsDevice, width, height) tileClipping.Draw_texture(...)

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  • fink hangs while compiling Octave on OS X

    - by Mark Bennett
    Disclaimer: I'm totally new to Fink. I'm trying to install Octave (Matlab open source clone) on Mountain Lion using Fink, following instructions at http://wiki.octave.org/Octave_for_MacOS_X It's a new installation of Fink, and I've also installed X11 per instructions. I'm using this command (which I believe is correct since everything's 64 bit now): sudo fink install octave-atlas It's hanging after a while, showing this as it's last output: ... Setting up xft2-dev (2.2.0-2) ... Clearing dependency_libs of .la files being installed Reading buildlock packages... All buildlocks accounted for. /sw/bin/dpkg-lockwait -i /sw/fink/dists/stable/main/binary-darwin-x86_64/x11/xinitrc_1.5-1_darwin-x86_64.deb (Reading database ... 14871 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace xinitrc 1.5-1 (using .../xinitrc_1.5-1_darwin-x86_64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement xinitrc ... Setting up xinitrc (1.5-1) ... I did notice the process name on the terminal's tab was "sort", so the second time I hit this I tried Control-D (End-of-File), and this did seem to unstick it. I'm wondering if there's some misformed command and sort was trying to read from stdin? Questions: 1: Has anybody else seen this? Google wasn't helpful 2: Fink outputs a LOT of warnings and errors.... is that normal? 3: wondering if anybody's got Fink to compile Octave on Mountain Lion specifically? And whether they used just "octave" or "octave-atlas". Or if you got it working with MacPorts or Homebrew? 4: later Fink failed with "Failed: phase compiling: gnuplot-minimal-4.6.1-1 failed". I haven't started googling that yet... but wondering if anybody's see that? Also tried MacPorts but got other errors with Octave. And reading online it looks like HomeBrew also has issues with Octave on Mountain Lion. 5: Generally looking for anybody who's got Octave running on Mountain Lion with any of the package managers. I've been at this for a couple days ;-)

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  • checking the status of CPU throttling: whether ON or OFF

    - by Gaurish Telang
    I am trying to install the ATLAS BLAS library which recommends that I turn if CPU throttling to do the install. How do I check if my CPU throttling is ON or OFF? I tried the suggestion of Code: ./cpufreq-selector -g performance in the /usr/bin directory as suggested elsewhere in the forum but there was no output and the control returned back to the user. I have searched everywhere but there does not seem to be a way to determine the status of the CPU throttling

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  • An issue with tessellation a model with DirectX11

    - by Paul Ske
    I took the hardware tessellation tutorial from Rastertek and implemended texturing instead of color. This is great, so I wanted to implemended the same techique to a model inside my game editor and I noticed it doesn't draw anything. I compared the detailed tessellation from DirectX SDK sample. Inside the shader file - if I replace the HullInputType with PixelInputType it draws. So, I think because when I compiled the shaders inside the program it compiles VertexShader, PixelShader, HullShader then DomainShader. Isn't it suppose to be VertexShader, HullSHader, DomainShader then PixelShader or does it really not matter? I am just curious why wouldn't the model even be drawn when HullInputType but renders fine with PixelInputType. Shader Code: [code] cbuffer ConstantBuffer { float4x4 WVP; float4x4 World; // the rotation matrix float3 lightvec; // the light's vector float4 lightcol; // the light's color float4 ambientcol; // the ambient light's color bool isSelected; } cbuffer cameraBuffer { float3 cameraDirection; float padding; } cbuffer TessellationBuffer { float tessellationAmount; float3 padding2; } struct ConstantOutputType { float edges[3] : SV_TessFactor; float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor; }; Texture2D Texture; Texture2D NormalTexture; SamplerState ss { MinLOD = 5.0f; MipLODBias = 0.0f; }; struct HullOutputType { float3 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; }; struct HullInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD; float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; uint uVertexID : SV_VERTEXID; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinates float3 normal : NORMAL; float3 tangent : TANGENT; float4 color : COLOR; float3 viewDirection : TEXCOORD1; float4 depthBuffer : TEXTURE0; }; HullInputType VShader(VertexInputType input) { HullInputType output; output.position.w = 1.0f; output.position = mul(input.position,WVP); output.texcoord = input.texcoord; output.normal = input.normal; output.tangent = input.tangent; //output.normal = mul(normal,World); //output.tangent = mul(tangent,World); //output.color = output.color; //output.texcoord = texcoord; // set the texture coordinates, unmodified return output; } ConstantOutputType TexturePatchConstantFunction(InputPatch inputPatch,uint patchID : SV_PrimitiveID) { ConstantOutputType output; output.edges[0] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[1] = tessellationAmount; output.edges[2] = tessellationAmount; output.inside = tessellationAmount; return output; } [domain("tri")] [partitioning("integer")] [outputtopology("triangle_cw")] [outputcontrolpoints(3)] [patchconstantfunc("TexturePatchConstantFunction")] HullOutputType HShader(InputPatch patch, uint pointId : SV_OutputControlPointID, uint patchId : SV_PrimitiveID) { HullOutputType output; // Set the position for this control point as the output position. output.position = patch[pointId].position; // Set the input color as the output color. output.texcoord = patch[pointId].texcoord; output.normal = patch[pointId].normal; output.tangent = patch[pointId].tangent; return output; } [domain("tri")] PixelInputType DShader(ConstantOutputType input, float3 uvwCoord : SV_DomainLocation, const OutputPatch patch) { float3 vertexPosition; float2 uvPosition; float4 worldposition; PixelInputType output; // Interpolate world space position with barycentric coordinates float3 vWorldPos = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; // Determine the position of the new vertex. vertexPosition = vWorldPos; // Calculate the position of the new vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(float4(vertexPosition, 1.0f),WVP); // Send the input color into the pixel shader. output.texcoord = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.normal = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; output.tangent = uvwCoord.x * patch[0].position + uvwCoord.y * patch[1].position + uvwCoord.z * patch[2].position; //output.depthBuffer = output.position; //output.depthBuffer.w = 1.0f; //worldposition = mul(output.position,WVP); //output.viewDirection = cameraDirection.xyz - worldposition.xyz; //output.viewDirection = normalize(output.viewDirection); return output; } [/code] Somethings are commented out but will be in place when fixed. I'm probably not connecting something correctly.

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  • First time shadow mapping problems

    - by user1294203
    I have implemented basic shadow mapping for the first time in OpenGL using shaders and I'm facing some problems. Below you can see an example of my rendered scene: The process of the shadow mapping I'm following is that I render the scene to the framebuffer using a View Matrix from the light point of view and the projection and model matrices used for normal rendering. In the second pass, I send the above MVP matrix from the light point of view to the vertex shader which transforms the position to light space. The fragment shader does the perspective divide and changes the position to texture coordinates. Here is my vertex shader, #version 150 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform mat4 lightMVP; uniform float scale; in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; smooth out vec4 lightspace_Position; void main(void){ pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; lightspace_Position = lightMVP * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } And my fragment shader, #version 150 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D inSampler; uniform sampler2D inShadowMap; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; smooth in vec4 lightspace_Position; out vec4 out_Color; float CalcShadowFactor(vec4 lightspace_Position){ vec3 ProjectionCoords = lightspace_Position.xyz / lightspace_Position.w; vec2 UVCoords; UVCoords.x = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.x + 0.5; UVCoords.y = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.y + 0.5; float Depth = texture(inShadowMap, UVCoords).x; if(Depth < (ProjectionCoords.z + 0.001)) return 0.5; else return 1.0; } void main(void){ vec3 Normal = normalize(pass_Normal); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-pass_Position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float diffuse = max(0.2, dot(Normal, light_Direction)); vec3 temp_Color = diffuse * vec3(1.0); float specular = max( 0.0, dot( Normal, half_vector) ); float shadowFactor = CalcShadowFactor(lightspace_Position); if(diffuse != 0 && shadowFactor > 0.5){ float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); temp_Color += fspecular; } out_Color = vec4(shadowFactor * texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz * temp_Color, 1.0); } One of the problems is self shadowing as you can see in the picture, the crate has its own shadow cast on itself. What I have tried is enabling polygon offset (i.e. glEnable(POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL), glPolygonOffset(GLfloat, GLfloat) ) but it didn't change much. As you see in the fragment shader, I have put a static offset value of 0.001 but I have to change the value depending on the distance of the light to get more desirable effects , which not very handy. I also tried using front face culling when I render to the framebuffer, that didn't change much too. The other problem is that pixels outside the Light's view frustum get shaded. The only object that is supposed to be able to cast shadows is the crate. I guess I should pick more appropriate projection and view matrices, but I'm not sure how to do that. What are some common practices, should I pick an orthographic projection? From googling around a bit, I understand that these issues are not that trivial. Does anyone have any easy to implement solutions to these problems. Could you give me some additional tips? Please ask me if you need more information on my code. Here is a comparison with and without shadow mapping of a close-up of the crate. The self-shadowing is more visible.

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  • 2D Selective Gaussian Blur

    - by Joshua Thomas
    I am attempting to use Gaussian blur on a 2D platform game, selectively blurring specific types of platforms with different amounts. I am currently just messing around with simple test code, trying to get it to work correctly. What I need to eventually do is create three separate render targets, leave one normal, blur one slightly, and blur the last heavily, then recombine on the screen. Where I am now is I have successfully drawn into a new render target and performed the gaussian blur on it, but when I draw it back to the screen everything is purple aside from the platforms I drew to the target. This is my .fx file: #define RADIUS 7 #define KERNEL_SIZE (RADIUS * 2 + 1) //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Globals. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float weights[KERNEL_SIZE]; float2 offsets[KERNEL_SIZE]; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Textures. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- texture colorMapTexture; sampler2D colorMap = sampler_state { Texture = <colorMapTexture>; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Pixel Shaders. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- float4 PS_GaussianBlur(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD) : COLOR0 { float4 color = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); for (int i = 0; i < KERNEL_SIZE; ++i) color += tex2D(colorMap, texCoord + offsets[i]) * weights[i]; return color; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Techniques. //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- technique GaussianBlur { pass { PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PS_GaussianBlur(); } } This is the code I'm using for the gaussian blur: public Texture2D PerformGaussianBlur(Texture2D srcTexture, RenderTarget2D renderTarget1, RenderTarget2D renderTarget2, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (effect == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("GaussianBlur.fx effect not loaded."); Texture2D outputTexture = null; Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcTexture.Width, srcTexture.Height); Rectangle destRect1 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget1.Width, renderTarget1.Height); Rectangle destRect2 = new Rectangle(0, 0, renderTarget2.Width, renderTarget2.Height); // Perform horizontal Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget1); effect.CurrentTechnique = effect.Techniques["GaussianBlur"]; effect.Parameters["weights"].SetValue(kernel); effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(srcTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsHoriz); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(srcTexture, destRect1, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Perform vertical Gaussian blur. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget2); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget1; effect.Parameters["colorMapTexture"].SetValue(outputTexture); effect.Parameters["offsets"].SetValue(offsetsVert); spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, null, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(outputTexture, destRect2, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Return the Gaussian blurred texture. game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); outputTexture = (Texture2D)renderTarget2; return outputTexture; } And this is the draw method affected: public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { device.SetRenderTarget(maxBlur); spriteBatch.Begin(); foreach (Brick brick in blueBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); blue = gBlur.PerformGaussianBlur((Texture2D) maxBlur, helperTarget, maxBlur, spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(); device.SetRenderTarget(null); foreach (Brick brick in redBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (Brick brick in greenBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Draw(blue, new Rectangle(0, 0, blue.Width, blue.Height), Color.White); foreach (Brick brick in purpleBricks) brick.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); } I'm sorry about the massive brick of text and images(or not....new user, I tried, it said no), but I wanted to get my problem across clearly as I have been searching for an answer to this for quite a while now. As a side note, I have seen the bloom sample. Very well commented, but overly complicated since it deals in 3D; I was unable to take what I needed to learn form it. Thanks for any and all help.

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  • OpenGL 3 and the Radeon HD 4850x2

    - by rotard
    A while ago, I picked up a copy of the OpenGL SuperBible fifth edition and slowly and painfully started teaching myself OpenGL the 3.3 way, after having been used to the 1.0 way from school way back when. Making things more challenging, I am primarily a .NET developer, so I was working in Mono with the OpenTK OpenGL wrapper. On my laptop, I put together a program that let the user walk around a simple landscape using a couple shaders that implemented per-vertex coloring and lighting and texture mapping. Everything was working brilliantly until I ran the same program on my desktop. Disaster! Nothing would render! I have chopped my program down to the point where the camera sits near the origin, pointing at the origin, and renders a square (technically, a triangle fan). The quad renders perfectly on my laptop, coloring, lighting, texturing and all, but the desktop renders a small distorted non-square quadrilateral that is colored incorrectly, not affected by the lights, and not textured. I suspect the graphics card is at fault, because I get the same result whether I am booted into Ubuntu 10.10 or Win XP. I did find that if I pare the vertex shader down to ONLY outputting the positional data and the fragment shader to ONLY outputting a solid color (white) the quad renders correctly. But as SOON as I start passing in color data (whether or not I use it in the fragment shader) the output from the vertex shader is distorted again. The shaders follow. I left the pre-existing code in, but commented out so you can get an idea what I was trying to do. I'm a noob at glsl so the code could probably be a lot better. My laptop is an old lenovo T61p with a Centrino (Core 2) Duo and an nVidia Quadro graphics card running Ubuntu 10.10 My desktop has an i7 with a Radeon HD 4850 x2 (single card, dual GPU) from Saphire dual booting into Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows XP. The problem occurs in both XP and Ubuntu. Can anyone see something wrong that I am missing? What is "special" about my HD 4850x2? string vertexShaderSource = @" #version 330 precision highp float; uniform mat4 projection_matrix; uniform mat4 modelview_matrix; //uniform mat4 normal_matrix; //uniform mat4 cmv_matrix; //Camera modelview. Light sources are transformed by this matrix. //uniform vec3 ambient_color; //uniform vec3 diffuse_color; //uniform vec3 diffuse_direction; in vec4 in_position; in vec4 in_color; //in vec3 in_normal; //in vec3 in_tex_coords; out vec4 varyingColor; //out vec3 varyingTexCoords; void main(void) { //Get surface normal in eye coordinates //vec4 vEyeNormal = normal_matrix * vec4(in_normal, 0); //Get vertex position in eye coordinates //vec4 vPosition4 = modelview_matrix * vec4(in_position, 0); //vec3 vPosition3 = vPosition4.xyz / vPosition4.w; //Get vector to light source in eye coordinates //vec3 lightVecNormalized = normalize(diffuse_direction); //vec3 vLightDir = normalize((cmv_matrix * vec4(lightVecNormalized, 0)).xyz); //Dot product gives us diffuse intensity //float diff = max(0.0, dot(vEyeNormal.xyz, vLightDir.xyz)); //Multiply intensity by diffuse color, force alpha to 1.0 //varyingColor.xyz = in_color * diff * diffuse_color.xyz; varyingColor = in_color; //varyingTexCoords = in_tex_coords; gl_Position = projection_matrix * modelview_matrix * in_position; }"; string fragmentShaderSource = @" #version 330 //#extension GL_EXT_gpu_shader4 : enable precision highp float; //uniform sampler2DArray colorMap; //in vec4 varyingColor; //in vec3 varyingTexCoords; out vec4 out_frag_color; void main(void) { out_frag_color = vec4(1,1,1,1); //out_frag_color = varyingColor; //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture(colorMap, varyingTexCoords.st); //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture(colorMap, vec3(varyingTexCoords.st, 0)); //out_frag_color = vec4(varyingColor, 1) * texture2DArray(colorMap, varyingTexCoords); }"; Note that in this code the color data is accepted but not actually used. The geometry is outputted the same (wrong) whether the fragment shader uses varyingColor or not. Only if I comment out the line varyingColor = in_color; does the geometry output correctly. Originally the shaders took in vec3 inputs, I only modified them to take vec4s while troubleshooting.

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  • In 3D camera math, calculate what Z depth is pixel unity for a given FOV

    - by badweasel
    I am working in iOS and OpenGL ES 2.0. Through trial and error I've figured out a frustum to where at a specific z depth pixels drawn are 1 to 1 with my source textures. So 1 pixel in my texture is 1 pixel on the screen. For 2d games this is good. Of course it means that I also factor in things like the size of the quad and the size of the texture. For example if my sprite is a quad 32x32 pixels. The quad size is 3.2 units wide and tall. And the texcoords are 32 / the size of the texture wide and tall. Then the frustum is: matrixFrustum(-(float)backingWidth/frustumScale,(float)backingWidth/frustumScale, -(float)backingHeight/frustumScale, (float)backingHeight/frustumScale, 40, 1000, mProjection); Where frustumScale is 800 for a retina screen. Then at a distance of 800 from camera the sprite is pixel for pixel the same as photoshop. For 3d games sometimes I still want to be able to do this. But depending on the scene I sometimes need the FOV to be different things. I'm looking for a way to figure out what Z depth will achieve this same pixel unity for a given FOV. For this my mProjection is set using: matrixPerspective(cameraFOV, near, far, (float)backingWidth / (float)backingHeight, mProjection); With testing I found that at an FOV of 45.0 a Z of 38.5 is very close to pixel unity. And at an FOV of 30.0 a Z of 59.5 is about right. But how can I calculate a value that is spot on? Here's my matrixPerspecitve code: void matrixPerspective(float angle, float near, float far, float aspect, mat4 m) { //float size = near * tanf(angle / 360.0 * M_PI); float size = near * tanf(degreesToRadians(angle) / 2.0); float left = -size, right = size, bottom = -size / aspect, top = size / aspect; // Unused values in perspective formula. m[1] = m[2] = m[3] = m[4] = 0; m[6] = m[7] = m[12] = m[13] = m[15] = 0; // Perspective formula. m[0] = 2 * near / (right - left); m[5] = 2 * near / (top - bottom); m[8] = (right + left) / (right - left); m[9] = (top + bottom) / (top - bottom); m[10] = -(far + near) / (far - near); m[11] = -1; m[14] = -(2 * far * near) / (far - near); } And my mView is set using: lookAtMatrix(cameraPos, camLookAt, camUpVector, mView); * UPDATE * I'm going to leave this here in case anyone has a different solution, can explain how they do it, or why this works. This is what I figured out. In my system I use a 10th scale unit to pixels on non-retina displays and a 20th scale on retina displays. The iPhone is 640 pixels wide on retina and 320 pixels wide on non-retina (obsolete). So if I want something to be the full screen width I divide by 20 to get the OpenGL unit width. Then divide that by 2 to get the left and right unit position. Something 32 units wide centered on the screen goes from -16 to +16. Believe it or not I have an excel spreadsheet do all this math for me and output all the vertex data for my sprite sheet. It's an arbitrary thing I made up to do .1 units = 1 non-retina pixel or 2 retina pixels. I could have made it .01 units = 2 pixels and someday I might switch to that. But for now it's the other. So the width of the screen in units is 32.0, and that means the left most pixel is at -16.0 and the right most is at 16.0. After messing a bit I figured out that if I take the [0] value of an identity modelViewProjection matrix and multiply it by 16 I get the depth required to get 1:1 pixels. I don't know why. I don't know if the 16 is related to the screen size or just a lucky guess. But I did a test where I placed a sprite at that calculated depth and varied the FOV through all the valid values and the object stays steady on screen with 1:1 pixels. So now I'm just calculating the unityDepth that way. If someone gives me a better answer I'll checkmark it.

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  • Create a trailing, ghosting effect of a sprite

    - by Neeko
    I want to create a trailing, ghosting like effect of a sprite that's moving fast. Something very similar to this image of Sonic (apologies of bad quality, it's the only example I could find of the effect I'm looking to achieve) However, I don't want to do this at the sprite sheet level, to avoid having to essentially double (or possibly quadruple) the amount of sprites in my atlas. It's also very labor intensive. So is there any other way to achieve this effect? Possibly by some shader voodoo magic? I am using Unity and 2D Toolkit, if that helps.

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  • PlanetQuest and the start of a new project!

    - by TATWORTH
    At the Planet Quest http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ web site there is an interesting page on the number of planets detected around other stars. There is a link to a page at http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/widget.cfm for an applet to poll for this information. I downloaded the applet but had no wish to install it. Instead I viewed it in Notepad++ and found that it contacted http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/xml/planetstats.cfm to get data on the latest discovery. I have amedned the CommonData project and have wrote a class in that to poll for the information. I have amended the CommonData project and have wrote a class in that to poll for the information.  That class and its unit test will form the basis for a new project.

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  • Ios Game with many animated Nodes,performance issues

    - by user31929
    I'm working in a large map upside-down game(not tiled map),the map i use is a city. I have to insert many node to create the "life of the city",something like people that cross the streets,cars,etc... Some of this characters are involved in physics and game logic but others are only graphic characters. For what i know the only way i can achive this result is to create each character node with or without physic body and animate each character with a texture atlas. In this way i think that i'll have many performance problems, (the characters will be something like 100/150) even if i'll apply all the performance tips that i know... My question is: with large numbers of characters there another programming pattern that i must follow ? What is the approch of game like simcity,simpsons tapped out for ios,etc... that have so many animation at the same time?

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  • New Office VBA site launch on MSDN

    MSDN now features a special site (also accessible via www.iheartmacros.com) dedicated to Microsoft Office VBA - an important part of the Office 2010 value.   The site presents a clear path for technically savvy users to begin learning how to customize the Office applications to meet their needs. This new MSDN site highlights content for: What you can do with VBA How to get started Key blogs VBA tips & tricks Access to a new interactive training tool, the Office Developer Atlas. In addition...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0 FBO creation goes wrong with unknown error

    - by Nick
    Hey guys, I've been struggling with this for a while now, and this code crashes with, to me, unknown reasons. I'm creating an FBO, binding a texture, and then the very first glDrawArrays() crashes with a "EXC_BAD_ACCESS" on my iPhone Simulator. Here's the code I use to create the FBO (and bind texture and...) glGenFramebuffers(1, &lastFrameBuffer); glGenRenderbuffers(1, &lastFrameDepthBuffer); glGenTextures(1, &lastFrameTexture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE1, lastFrameTexture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 768, 1029, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5, NULL); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //Bind/alloc depthbuf glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, lastFrameDepthBuffer); glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, 768, 1029); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, lastFrameBuffer); //binding the texture to the FBO :D glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, lastFrameTexture, 0); // attach the renderbuffer to depth attachment point glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, lastFrameDepthBuffer); [self checkFramebufferStatus]; As you can see this takes part in an object, checkFrameBufferStatus looks like this: GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER); switch(status) { case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE: JNLogString(@"Framebuffer complete."); return TRUE; case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT: JNLogString(@"[ERROR] Framebuffer incomplete: Attachment is NOT complete."); return false; case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT: JNLogString(@"[ERROR] Framebuffer incomplete: No image is attached to FBO."); return false; case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS: JNLogString(@"[ERROR] Framebuffer incomplete: Attached images have different dimensions."); return false; case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED: JNLogString(@"[ERROR] Unsupported by FBO implementation."); return false; default: JNLogString(@"[ERROR] Unknown error."); return false; JNLogString is just an NSLog, and in this case it gives me: 2010-04-03 02:46:54.854 Bubbleeh[6634:207] ES2Renderer.m:372 [ERROR] Unknown error. When I call it right there. So, it crashes, and diagnostic tells me there's an unknown error and I'm kinda stuck. I basically copied the code from the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide... What am I doing wrong? Thanks in Advance,

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  • Counting texels using a fragment shader

    - by Brett
    Hi, I have two textures generated using a fragment shader. I want to be able to count the number of texels in each texture that are above some colour intensity. My question is how can this be done? My initial thought is to count these texels using the fragment shader before generating the texture. However, this would require some sort of global counter. I can't use occlusion queries because the textures are created from other textures. I'm using OpenGL 2.1. Any ideas appreciated. Thanks

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  • Cocos2D SpriteSheet animation problem, my number of frames is much larger.

    - by vaibhav-tekam
    Hello, I am trying to use SpriteSheet to run an animation. My frames are of 320x480 in size each, So I am able to put max 6 frames on the texture image. But my animation consists of frame number ranging from 50 to 200 sometimes, and all are of size 320x480. But this much number of frames cannot be added on the Texture image as the size is restricted to 1024x1024. Is there any other approach I can try out. Can I play one animation after the other.And won't it be hampering the performance. Please, I need suggestions. Best, Vaibhav Tekam.

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