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• Confusion on HLSL Samplers. Can I Set Samplers Inside Functions?

  - by Kyle Connors

  I'm trying to create a system where I can instance a quad to the screen, however I've run into a problem. Like I said, I'm trying to instance the quad, so I'm trying to use the same geometry several times, and I'm trying to do it in one draw call. The issue is, I want some quads to use different textures, but I can't figure out how to get the data into a sampler so I can use it in the pixel shader. I figured that since we can simply pass in the 4 bytes of our IDirect3DTexture9* to set the global texture, I can do so when passing in my dynamic buffer. (Which also stores each objects world matrix and UV data) Now that I'm sending the data, I can't figure how to get it into the sampler, and I really want to assume that it's simply not possible. Is there any way I could achieve this?

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• Rain drops on screen

  - by user1075940

  I am trying to make simple rain drop effect on screen.Something like this http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs20/f/2007/302/5/6/Rain_drops_by_rockraikar.png My idea is to: Create small drop shaped normal textures,randomly put few on screen,apply texture perturbation and mix with current frame pixels. Here are my questions: -Does this idea even have sense?How professionals do this effect?Everything from text to code will be appreciated -How to pass pixels to shader of already rendered frame?

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• Cocos2d rotating sprite while moving with CCBezierBy

  - by marcg11

  I've done my moving actions which consists of sequences of CCBezierBy. However I would like the sprite to rotate by following the direction of the movement (like an airplane). How sould I do this with cocos2d? I've done the following to test this out. CCSprite *green = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"enemy_green.png"]; [green setPosition:ccp(50, 160)]; [self addChild:green]; ccBezierConfig bezier; bezier.controlPoint_1 = ccp(100, 200); bezier.controlPoint_2 = ccp(400, 200); bezier.endPosition = ccp(300,160); [green runAction:[CCAutoBezier actionWithDuration:4.0 bezier:bezier]]; In my subclass: @interface CCAutoBezier : CCBezierBy @end @implementation CCAutoBezier - (id)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { // Initialization code here. } return self; } -(void) update:(ccTime) t { CGPoint oldpos=[self.target position]; [super update:t]; CGPoint newpos=[self.target position]; float angle = atan2(newpos.y - oldpos.y, newpos.x - oldpos.x); [self.target setRotation: angle]; } @end However it rotating, but not following the path...

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• Simple 2 player server

  - by Sourabh Lal

  I have recently started learning javascript and html and have developed simple 2 player games such as tick-tack-toe, battleship, and dots&boxes. However these 2 player games can only be played on one computer (i.e. the 2 players must sit together) However, I want to modify this so that one can play with a friend on a different computer. Any suggestions on how this is possible? Also since I am a beginner please do not assume that I know all the jargon.

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• Blender 2.64, what are the actual hot-keys for certain actions

  - by Shivan Dragon

  I know this sounds mega lame but I've looked for hotkeys for certain actions, first in the appliation's User Settings (where I didn't find them) then in the official documentation (where I did find some of them but they're not the right ones): http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Doc:2.4/Manual/3D_interaction/Transform_Control/Manipulators (Ctrl - Alt - S is recommended for Scale, but instead it opens the Save As... window - I think these changed in the latest versions, but they forgot to update the docs) So then, what are the hot keys for: selecting translate manipulator selecting rotate manipulator selecting scale manipulator In Edit mode: select vertex (editing) select edges (editing) select faces (editing) thanks.

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• Extracting Frustum Planes (Hartmann & Gribbs method)

  - by DAVco

  I have been grappling with the Hartmann/Gribbs method of extracting the Frustum planes for some time now, with little success. There doesn't appear to be a "definitive" topic or tutorial which combines all the necessary information, so perhaps this can be it First of all, I am attempting to do this in C# (For Playstation Mobile), using OpenGL style Column-Major matrices in a Right-Handed coordinate system but obviously the math will work in any language. My projection matrix has a Near plane at 1.0, Far plane at 1000, FOV of 45.0 and Aspect of 1.7647. I want to get my planes in World-Space, so I build my frustum from the View-Projection Matrix (that's projectionMatrix * viewMatrix). The view Matrix is the inverse of the camera's World-Transform. The problem is; regardless of what I tweak, I can't seem to get a correct frustum. I think that I may be missing something obvious. Focusing on the Near and Far planes for the moment (since they have the most obvious normals when correct), when my camera is positioned looking down the negative z-axis, I get two planes facing in the same direction, rather than opposite directions. If i strafe my camera left and right (while still looking along the z axis) the x value of the normal vector changes. Obviously, something is fundamentally wrong here; I just can't figure out what - maybe someone here can?

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• 3d Model Scaling With Camera

  - by spasarto

  I have a very simple 3D maze program that uses a first person camera to navigate the maze. I'm trying to scale the blocks that make up the maze walls and floor so the corridors seem more roomy to the camera. Every time I scale the model, the camera seems to scale with it, and the corridors always stay the same width. I've tried apply the scale to the model in the content pipe (setting the scale property of the model in the properties window in VS). I've also tried to apply the scale using Matrix.CreateScale(float) using the Scale-Rotate-Transform order with the same result. If I leave the camera speed the same, the camera moves slower, so I know it's traversing a larger distance, but the world doesn't look larger; the camera just seems slower. I'm not sure what part of the code to include since I don't know if it is an issue with my model, camera, or something else. Any hints at what I'm doing wrong? Camera: Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( MathHelper.PiOver4, _device.Viewport.AspectRatio, 1.0f, 1000.0f ); Matrix camRotMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX( _cameraPitch ) * Matrix.CreateRotationY( _cameraYaw ); Vector3 transCamRef = Vector3.Transform( _cameraForward, camRotMatrix ); _cameraTarget = transCamRef + CameraPosition; Vector3 camRotUpVector = Vector3.Transform( _cameraUpVector, camRotMatrix ); View = Matrix.CreateLookAt( CameraPosition, _cameraTarget, camRotUpVector ); Model: World = Matrix.CreateTranslation( Position );

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• OpenGL ES 2.0 gluUnProject

  - by secheung

  I've spent more time than I should trying to get my ray picking program working. I'm pretty convinced my math is solid with respect to line plane intersection, but I believe the problem lies with the changing of the mouse screen touch into 3D world space. Heres my code: public void passTouchEvents(MotionEvent e){ int[] viewport = {0,0,viewportWidth,viewportHeight}; float x = e.getX(), y = viewportHeight - e.getY(); float[] pos1 = new float[4]; float[] pos2 = new float[4]; GLU.gluUnProject( x, y, 0.0f, mViewMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, viewport, 0, pos1, 0); GLU.gluUnProject( x, y, 1.0f, mViewMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, viewport, 0, pos2, 0); } Just as a reference I've tried transforming the coordinates 0,0,0 and got an offset. It would be appreciated if you would answer using OpenGL ES 2.0 code.

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• How to capture the screen in DirectX 9 to a raw bitmap in memory without using D3DXSaveSurfaceToFile

  - by cloudraven

  I know that in OpenGL I can do something like this glReadBuffer( GL_FRONT ); glReadPixels( 0, 0, _width, _height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, _buffer ); And its pretty fast, I get the raw bitmap in _buffer. When I try to do this in DirectX. Assuming that I have a D3DDevice object I can do something like this if (SUCCEEDED(D3DDevice->GetBackBuffer(0, 0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &pBackbuffer))) { HResult hr = D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA(filename, D3DXIFF_BMP, pBackbuffer, NULL, NULL); But D3DXSaveSurfaceToFile is pretty slow, and I don't need to write the capture to disk anyway, so I was wondering if there was a faster way to do this

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• Rotate camera around player and set new forward directions

  - by Samurai Fox

  I have a 3rd person camera which can rotate around the player. When I look at the back of the player and press forward, player goes forward. Then I rotate 360 around the player and "forward direction" is tilted for 90 degrees. So every 360 turn there is 90 degrees of direction change. For example when camera is facing the right side of the player, when I press button to move forward, I want player to turn to the left and make that the "new forward". I have Player object with Camera as child object. Camera object has Camera script. Inside Camera script there are Player and Camera classes. Player object itself, has Input Controller. Also I'm making this script for joystick/ controller primarily. My camera script so far: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class CameraScript : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject Target; public float RotateSpeed = 10, FollowDistance = 20, FollowHeight = 10; float RotateSpeedPerTime, DesiredRotationAngle, DesiredHeight, CurrentRotationAngle, CurrentHeight, Yaw, Pitch; Quaternion CurrentRotation; void LateUpdate() { RotateSpeedPerTime = RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime; DesiredRotationAngle = Target.transform.eulerAngles.y; DesiredHeight = Target.transform.position.y + FollowHeight; CurrentRotationAngle = transform.eulerAngles.y; CurrentHeight = transform.position.y; CurrentRotationAngle = Mathf.LerpAngle(CurrentRotationAngle, DesiredRotationAngle, 0); CurrentHeight = Mathf.Lerp(CurrentHeight, DesiredHeight, 0); CurrentRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, CurrentRotationAngle, 0); transform.position = Target.transform.position; transform.position -= CurrentRotation * Vector3.forward * FollowDistance; transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, CurrentHeight, transform.position.z); Yaw = Input.GetAxis("Right Horizontal") * RotateSpeedPerTime; Pitch = Input.GetAxis("Right Vertical") * RotateSpeedPerTime; transform.Translate(new Vector3(Yaw, -Pitch, 0)); transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z); transform.LookAt(Target.transform); } }

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• What should I worry about when changing OpenGL origin to upper left of screen?

  - by derivative

  For self education, I'm writing a 2D platformer engine in C++ using SDL / OpenGL. I initially began with pure SDL using the tutorials on sdltutorials.com and lazyfoo.net, but I'm now rendering in an OpenGL context (specifically immediate mode but I'm learning about VAOs/VBOs) and using SDL for interface, audio, etc. SDL uses a coordinate system with the origin in the upper left of the screen and the positive y-axis pointing down. It's easy to set up my orthographic projection in OpenGL to mirror this. I know that texture coordinates are a right-hand system with values from 0 to 1 -- flipping the texture vertically before rendering (well, flip the file before loading) yields textures that render correctly... which is fine if I'm drawing the entire texture, but ultimately I'll be using tilesets and can imagine problems. What should I be concerned about in terms of rendering when I do this? If anybody has any advice or they've done this themselves and can point out future pitfalls, that would be great, but really any thoughts would be appreciated.

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• WndProc(ref Message m), Prevent minimize Games, Send key strokes.

  - by Stanomatic

  Overview: I am going to create a touch application that interfaces with games and other apps. This concept is similar to the app found on touch-buddy.com but I will be using C# and WPF instead of how the application is written in Perl. I have a few challenges I would like to evaluate. The touch-buddy app uses two approaches while interacting with games; 1. Client mode (Same machine runs both game and touch-buddy). 2. Server / Client mode where a separate box sends commands to the game machine. The reason I believe for this method was to circumvent the issue with games minimizing. In Client only mode I am faced with the issue where I touch a screen OTHER than the main screen where the game is viewed and then the game minimizes. Not all games have this behavior but I would like to conquer the games that do minimize and prevent it. Is it possible to keep a game front and center Focused and prevent minimizing utilizing C# WndProc(ref Message m)? I have been experimenting with WndProc(ref Message m) where I created a win form and when I press minimize on my own Win form and it will close an instance of notepad. This proves to me that I can capture a message, prevent that message from bubbling up and then send a message to another application. I then tried to click on notepad with my touch screen and keep my win form application in focus and not minimize. At this point I am unsuccessful. I need more time understanding message codes. Is this the right approach? Can it be done? Should I look at other libraries such as Windows Automation? Key input is my other concern. What is the best way to send key strokes to other apps/games. Should I tap into DirectX, use some kind of send key, Automation Framework? Can any of these handle the multiple key strokes that some simulation games require? I appreciate any links and or insight you may have. If you have gone down this path for any reason I would love to hear your comments. Stan

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• How do I do random isometric paths?

  - by user406470

  I'm working on an Isometric city generator, and I am looking for a little push in the right direction. I'm looking to randomly generate roads on a isometric plane. I have never done pathfinding before, and I've googled it and didn't find any articles relating to what I am trying to do. Basically, my program generates a random isometric city and, I am hoping to add roads to that. Any help is appreciated!

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• Cutting out smaller rectangles from a larger rectangle

  - by Mauro Destro

  The world is initially a rectangle. The player can move on the world border and then "cut" the world via orthogonal paths (not oblique). When the player reaches the border again I have a list of path segments they just made. I'm trying to calculate and compare the two areas created by the path cut and select the smaller one to remove it from world. After the first iteration, the world is no longer a rectangle and player must move on border of this new shape. How can I do this? Is it possible to have a non rectangular path? How can I move the player character only on path? EDIT Here you see an example of what I'm trying to achieve: Initial screen layout. Character moves inside the world and than reaches the border again. Segment of the border present in the smaller area is deleted and last path becomes part of the world border. Character moves again inside the world. Segments of border present in the smaller area are deleted etc.

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• exact point on a rotating sphere

  - by nkint

  I have a sphere that represents the Earth textured with real pictures. It's rotating around the x axis, and when user click down it has to show me the exact place he clicked on. For example if he clicked on Singapore the system should be able to: understand that user clicked on the sphere (OK, I'll do it with unProject) understand where user clicked on the sphere (ray-sphere collision?) and take into account the rotation transform sphere-coordinate to some coordinate system good for some web-api service ask to api (OK, this is the simpler thing for me ;-) some advice?

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• Moving while doing loop animation in RPGMaker

  - by AzDesign

  I made a custom class to display character portrait in RPGMaker XP Here is the class : class Poser attr_accessor :images def initialize @images = Sprite.new @images.bitmap = RPG::Cache.picture('Character.png') #100x300 @images.x = 540 #place it on the bottom right corner of the screen @images.y = 180 end end Create an event on the map to create an instance as global variable, tada! image popped out. Ok nice. But Im not satisfied, Now I want it to have bobbing-head animation-like (just like when we breathe, sometimes bob our head up and down) so I added another method : def move(x,y) @images.x += x @images.y += y end def animate(x,y,step,delay) forward = true 2.times { step.times { wait(delay) if forward move(x/step,y/step) else move(-x/step,-y/step) end } wait(delay*3) forward = false } end def wait(time) while time > 0 time -= 1 Graphics.update end end I called the method to run the animation and it works, so far so good, but the problem is, WHILE the portrait goes up and down, I cannot move my character until the animation is finished. So that's it, I'm stuck in the loop block, what I want is to watch the portrait moving up and down while I walk around village, talk to npc, etc. Anyone can solve my problem ? Or better solution ? Thanks in advance

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• What is a good practice for 2D scene graph partitioning for culling?

  - by DevilWithin

  I need to know an efficient way to cull the scene graph objects, to render exclusively the ones in the view, and as fast as possible. I am thinking of doing it the following way, having in each object a local boundingbox which holds the object bounds, and a global boundingbox which holds the bounds of the object and all children. When a camera is moved, the render list is updated by traversing the global boundingboxes. When only the object is being moved, it tries to enlarge or shrink the ancestors global boundingboxes, and in the end updating or not the renderlist. What do you think of this approach? Do you think it will provide a fast and efficient culling? Also, because the render list is a contiguous list, it could accelerate the rendering, right? Any further tips for a 2D scene graphs are highly appreciated!

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• How to store bitmaps in memory?

  - by Geotarget

  I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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• What are the factors that determine the default frequency of a shader call?

  - by user827992

  After i have been played for some days with various vertex and fragments shaders seems clear to me that this programs are called by the GPU at every and each rendering cycle, the problem is that I can't really quantify this frequency and I can't tell if is based on some default values or not because I don't have a big collection of hardware right now to do extensive tests. For what i know the answer could be really trivial like "it's the same of the refresh rate of your monitor", but i would like some good answers on that to be clear on this. For instance looks really odd to me that all the techniques used to control the amount of FPS that i have seen until now uses a call for the OpenGL function glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME) to retrieve a value in ms about when the rendering started but I have to relies on the CPU to do the math. Why I can't set an FPS value in OpenGL if OpenGL clearly has a counter and a timer/clock? PS I'm referring to OpenGL 3.0+

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• Shader inputs in a general purpouse engine

  - by dreta

  I'm not familiar with SDKs like Unity or UDK that much, so i can't check this off hand. Do general purpouse engines allow users to create custom uniform variables? The way i see it, and the way i have implemented it in an engine i'm writing to learn 3D, is that there is a "set" of uniforms provided by the engine and if you want to write a custom shader then you utilize uniforms you need to create a wanted effect. Now, the thing is, first of all i'm not an artist, second of all, i didn't have a chance to create complex scenes yet. So my question is, is it common practice to define variables that the engine provides and only allow the user to work with what they're given? Allowing users to add custom programs and use them where they want is not hard, but i have issues imagining how you'd go about doing the same for uniforms.

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• How to determine if a 3D voxel-based room is sealed, efficiently

  - by NigelMan1010

  I've been having some issues with efficiently determining if large rooms are sealed in a voxel-based 3D rooms. I'm at a point where I have tried my hardest to solve the problem without asking for help, but not tried enough to give up, so I'm asking for help. To clarify, sealed being that there are no holes in the room. There are oxygen sealers, which check if the room is sealed, and seal depending on the oxygen input level. Right now, this is how I'm doing it: Starting at the block above the sealer tile (the vent is on the sealer's top face), recursively loop through in all 6 adjacent directions If the adjacent tile is a full, non-vacuum tile, continue through the loop If the adjacent tile is not full, or is a vacuum tile, check if it's adjacent blocks are, recursively. Each time a tile is checked, decrement a counter If the count hits zero, if the last block is adjacent to a vacuum tile, return that the area is unsealed If the count hits zero and the last block is not a vacuum tile, or the recursive loop ends (no vacuum tiles left) before the counter is zero, the area is sealed If the area is not sealed, run the loop again with some changes: Checking adjacent blocks for "breathable air" tile instead of a vacuum tile Instead of using a decrementing counter, continue until no adjacent "breathable air" tiles are found. Once loop is finished, set each checked block to a vacuum tile. Here's the code I'm using: http://pastebin.com/NimyKncC The problem: I'm running this check every 3 seconds, sometimes a sealer will have to loop through hundreds of blocks, and a large world with many oxygen sealers, these multiple recursive loops every few seconds can be very hard on the CPU. I was wondering if anyone with more experience with optimization can give me a hand, or at least point me in the right direction. Thanks a bunch.

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• Better solution for boolean mixing?

  - by Ruben Nunez

  Sorry if this question has been asked in the past, but searching Google and here didn't yield relevant results, so here goes. I'm working on a fragment shader that implements both conditional/boolean diffuse and bump mapping (that is to say, you don't need a diffuse texture or a normals texture, and if they're not present, they're simply changed to default values). My current solution is to use a uniform float to say "mix amount". For example, computing the diffuse texel works as: // Compute diffuse amount scaled by vCol // If no texture is present (mDif = 0.0), then DiffuseTexel = vCol // kT[0] is the diffuse texture // vTex is the texture co-ordinates // mDif is the uniform float containing the mix amount (either 0.0 or 1.0) vec4 DiffuseTexel = vCol*mix(vec4(1.0), texture2D(kT[0], vTex), mDif); While that works great and all, I was wondering if there's a better way of doing this, as I will never have any use for in-between values for funky effects. I know that perhaps the best solution is to simply write separate shaders for mDif=0.0 and mDif=1.0, but I'd like a more elegant solution than splicing shaders before compiling or writing multiple shader files and keeping each one updated. Any ideas are greatly appreciated. =)

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• Cube chunk via list ToArray()

  - by Christian Frantz

  I've created a list of vertices that I call for each cube made in my array "cubes". When each cube is create, SetUpVertices is called which is a method that stores the 8 vertices of my cube. At the end of my list creation, I create a vertex buffer, and set the data of the list that contains vertices of all 25 cubes to that vertex buffer, effectively creating a "chunk" of cubes. The problem is that Invalid Operation Exception "The array is not the correct size for the amount of data requested." at the line vertices.ToArray(). I don't have an array for this, as the amount of cubes will be changing and arrays aren't dynamic. What could be the cause of this? for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < 5; z++) { SetUpVertices(); cubes.Add(new Cube(device, new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), color)); } } vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, typeof(VertexPositionColor), 8, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices.ToArray());

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• lwjgl custom icon

  - by melchor629

  I have a little problem with the icon in lwjgl, it doesn't work. I google about it, but i haven't found anything that works for me yet. This is my code for now: PNGDecoder imageDecoder = new PNGDecoder(new FileInputStream("res/images/Icon.png")); ByteBuffer imageData = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * imageDecoder.getWidth() * imageDecoder.getHeight()); imageDecoder.decode(imageData, imageDecoder.getWidth() * 4, PNGDecoder.Format.RGBA); imageData.flip(); System.err.println(Display.setIcon(new ByteBuffer[]{imageData}) == 0 ? "No se ha creado el icono" : "Se ha creado el icono"); The png file is a 128x128px with transparency. PNGDecoder is from the matthiasmann utility (de.matthiasmann.twl.utils). I'm using Mac OS, 10.8.4 with lwjgl 2.9.0. Thanks :)

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• How do I accomplish fading texture trails in UDK?

  - by kdshay

  I would like to know how to leave a fading texture/material trail in udk. For example (I'm not sure if there is a special name for this effect): A character may leave footprints that fade after x number of seconds Or, a tank may leave a tracks trail as in Civilization IV. Here is another example of this type of effect. Skip to 1:00 and watch the green slime texture. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdJIauWjE8s How do I accomplish this effect in UDK? Any good tutorials? Thank you.

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