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  • How do I convert a simple ruby flashcard program into a ROR app?

    - by Mark Wilbur
    What I'm trying to do is make a basic flashcard app on rails. At this point, all I'm looking for is the functionality to iterate through a list of flashcards, quiz the user and let the user know if they were right or not. In ruby, it didn't take me long to write: class Card attr_accessor :answer, :question def initialize(answer = "", question="") @answer = answer @question = question end def quiz puts "What does #@question mean?" answer = gets.chomp if answer == @answer puts "Right" return true else puts "Wrong" return answer end end end class Cardlist attr_accessor :Cards def initialize(Cards = []) @Cards = Cards end def quiz Cards.each do |w| w.quiz end end end The problem I'm having with rails is figuring out where to put the logic to loop through all the cards in the list. I've made models specifying that Card belongs_to cardlist and that Cardlist has_many cards. I know application logic should go in the controller, but if I were to make a "quiz" action for my Cardlist controller, how would I make it iterate through all the cards? After each "quiz" page generated, I'd need to get an answer back from the user, respond (maybe flash) whether it was right or not and then continue onto the next question. Would any of that logic have to go into the view in order to make sure it's sending back the user inputted answers to the controller?

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  • How do I structure my tests with Python unittest module?

    - by persepolis
    I'm trying to build a test framework for automated webtesting in selenium and unittest, and I want to structure my tests into distinct scripts. So I've organised it as following: base.py - This will contain, for now, the base selenium test case class for setting up a session. import unittest from selenium import webdriver # Base Selenium Test class from which all test cases inherit. class BaseSeleniumTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.browser = webdriver.Firefox() def tearDown(self): self.browser.close() main.py - I want this to be the overall test suite from which all the individual tests are run. import unittest import test_example if __name__ == "__main__": SeTestSuite = test_example.TitleSpelling() unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(SeTestSuite) test_example.py - An example test case, it might be nice to make these run on their own too. from base import BaseSeleniumTest # Test the spelling of the title class TitleSpelling(BaseSeleniumTest): def test_a(self): self.assertTrue(False) def test_b(self): self.assertTrue(True) The problem is that when I run main.py I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "H:\Python\testframework\main.py", line 5, in <module> SeTestSuite = test_example.TitleSpelling() File "C:\Python27\lib\unittest\case.py", line 191, in __init__ (self.__class__, methodName)) ValueError: no such test method in <class 'test_example.TitleSpelling'>: runTest I suspect this is due to the very special way in which unittest runs and I must have missed a trick on how the docs expect me to structure my tests. Any pointers?

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  • Why is Routes.rb not loading the IPs from cache?

    - by Christian Fazzini
    I am testing this in local. My ip is 127.0.0.1. The ip_permissions table, is empty. When I browse the site, everything works as expected. Now, I want to simulate browsing the site with a banned IP. So I add the IP into the ip_permissions table via: IpPermission.create!(:ip => '127.0.0.1', :note => 'foobar', :category => 'blacklist') In Rails console, I clear the cache via; Rails.cache.clear. I browse the site. I don't get sent to pages#blacklist. If I restart the server. And browse the site, then I get sent to pages#blacklist. Why do I need to restart the server every time the ip_permissions table is updated? Shouldn't it fetch it based on cache? Routes look like: class BlacklistConstraint def initialize @blacklist = IpPermission.blacklist end def matches?(request) @blacklist.map { |b| b.ip }.include? request.remote_ip end end Foobar::Application.routes.draw do match '/(*path)' => 'pages#blacklist', :constraints => BlacklistConstraint.new .... end My model looks like: class IpPermission < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :ip, :note, :category validates_uniqueness_of :ip, :scope => [:category] validates :category, :inclusion => { :in => ['whitelist', 'blacklist'] } def self.whitelist Rails.cache.fetch('whitelist', :expires_in => 1.month) { self.where(:category => 'whitelist').all } end def self.blacklist Rails.cache.fetch('blacklist', :expires_in => 1.month) { self.where(:category => 'blacklist').all } end end

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  • I need Selenium to open it's web browser in a larger resolution ( preferably maximized)

    - by user1854271
    I am using Selenium WebDriver and coding in Python I have looked all over the place and the best I could find were things written in different languages. I also tried to use the export tool on Selenium IDE but when I look at the data says that the function is not supported for export. EDIT: The reason I need the browser to open up with a larger resolution is because the web application that I am testing is supporting tablet resolution as so elements are different depending on the resolution of the browser window. This is the script I exported from the IDE with a couple of modifications. from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException import unittest, time, re from Funk_Lib import RS class CreatingEditingDeletingVault(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() self.driver.implicitly_wait(30) self.base_url = "http://cimdev-qa40/" self.verificationErrors = [] def test_creating_editing_deleting_vault(self): driver = self.driver driver.get(self.base_url + "/Login?contoller=Home") driver.find_element_by_id("UserName").click() driver.find_element_by_id("UserName").clear() driver.find_element_by_id("UserName").send_keys("[email protected]") driver.find_element_by_name("Password").click() driver.find_element_by_name("Password").clear() driver.find_element_by_name("Password").send_keys("Codigo#123") driver.find_element_by_id("fat-btn").click() driver.get(self.base_url + "/Content/Vaults/") driver.find_element_by_link_text("Content").click() driver.find_element_by_link_text("Vaults").click() driver.find_element_by_css_selector("button.btn.dropdown-toggle").click() driver.find_element_by_link_text("New vault").click() driver.find_element_by_name("Name").clear() driver.find_element_by_name("Name").send_keys("Test Vault") driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@onclick=\"vault_action('createvault', null, $('#CreateVault [name=\\'Name\\']').val())\"]").click() driver.find_element_by_css_selector("button.btn.dropdown-toggle").click() driver.find_element_by_link_text("Rename vault").click() driver.find_element_by_name("Id").click() Select(driver.find_element_by_name("Id")).select_by_visible_text("Test Vault") driver.find_element_by_css_selector("option[value=\"2\"]").click() driver.find_element_by_name("Name").clear() driver.find_element_by_name("Name").send_keys("Test Change") driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@onclick=\"vault_action('renamevault', $('#RenameVault [name=\\'Id\\']').val(), $('#RenameVault [name=\\'Name\\']').val())\"]").click() driver.find_element_by_css_selector("button.btn.dropdown-toggle").click() driver.find_element_by_link_text("Delete vault").click() driver.find_element_by_name("Id").click() Select(driver.find_element_by_name("Id")).select_by_visible_text("Test Change") driver.find_element_by_css_selector("option[value=\"2\"]").click() driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@onclick=\"vault_action('deletevault', $('#DeleteVault [name=\\'Id\\']').val(), '')\"]").click() def is_element_present(self, how, what): try: self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what) except NoSuchElementException, e: return False return True def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()

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  • Dynamic Variable Names in Included Module in Ruby?

    - by viatropos
    I'm hoping to implement something like all of the great plugins out there for ruby, so that you can do this: acts_as_commentable has_attached_file :avatar But I have one constraint: That helper method can only include a module; it can't define any variables or methods. Here's what the structure looks like, and I'm wondering if you know the missing piece in the puzzle: # 1 - The workhorse, encapsuling all dynamic variables module My::Module def self.included(base) base.extend ClassMethods base.class_eval do include InstanceMethods end end module InstanceMethods self.instance_eval %Q? def #{options[:my_method]} "world!" end ? end module ClassMethods end end # 2 - all this does is define that helper method module HelperModule def self.included(base) base.extend(ClassMethods) end module ClassMethods def dynamic_method(options = {}) include My::Module(options) end end end # 3 - send it to active_record ActiveRecord::Base.send(:include, HelperModule) # 4 - what it looks like class TestClass < ActiveRecord::Base dynamic_method :my_method => "hello" end puts TestClass.new.hello #=> "world!" That %Q? I'm not totally sure how to use, but I'm basically just wanting to somehow be able to pass the options hash from that helper method into the workhorse module. Is that possible? That way, the workhorse module could define all sorts of functionality, but I could name the variables whatever I wanted at runtime.

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  • Implicit conversion between Scala collection types

    - by ebruchez
    I would like to implicitly convert between the Scala XML Elem object and another representation of an XML element, in my case dom4j Element. I wrote the following implicit conversions: implicit def elemToElement(e: Elem): Element = ... do conversion here ... implicit def elementToElem(e: Element): Elem = ... do conversion here ... So far so good, this works. Now I also need collections of said elements to convert both ways. First, do I absolutely need to write additional conversion methods? Things didn't seem to work if I didn't. I tried to write the following: implicit def elemTToElementT(t: Traversable[Elem]) = t map (elemToElement(_)) implicit def elementTToElemT(t: Traversable[Element]) = t map (elementToElem(_)) This doesn't look too ideal because if the conversion method takes a Traversable, then it also returns a Traversable. If I pass a List, I also get a Traversable out. So I assume the conversion should be parametrized somehow. So what's the standard way of writing these conversions in order to be as generic as possible?

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  • How to manage feeds with subclassed object in Django 1.2?

    - by Matteo
    Hi, I'm trying to generate a feed rss from a model like this one, selecting all the Entry objects: from django.db import models from django.contrib.sites.models import Site from django.contrib.auth.models import User from imagekit.models import ImageModel import datetime class Entry(ImageModel): date_pub = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) author = models.ForeignKey(User) via = models.URLField(blank=True) comments_allowed = models.BooleanField(default=True) icon = models.ImageField(upload_to='icon/',blank=True) class IKOptions: spec_module = 'journal.icon_specs' cache_dir = 'icon/resized' image_field = 'icon' class Post(Entry): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) description = models.TextField() slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.title class Photo(Entry): alt = models.CharField(max_length=200) description = models.TextField(blank=True) original = models.ImageField(upload_to='photo/') class IKOptions: spec_module = 'journal.photo_specs' cache_dir = 'photo/resized' image_field = 'original' def __unicode__(self): return self.alt class Quote(Entry): blockquote = models.TextField() cite = models.TextField(blank=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.blockquote When I use the render_to_response in my views I simply call: def get_journal_entries(request): entries = Entry.objects.all().order_by('-date_pub') return render_to_response('journal/entries.html', {'entries':entries}) And then I use a conditional template to render the right snippets of html: {% extends "base.html" %} {% block main %} <hr> {% for entry in entries %} {% if entry.post %}[...]{% endif %}[...] But I cannot do the same with the Feed Framework in django 1.2... Any suggestion, please?

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  • How can I override list methods to do vector addition and subtraction in python?

    - by Bobble
    I originally implemented this as a wrapper class around a list, but I was annoyed by the number of operator() methods I needed to provide, so I had a go at simply subclassing list. This is my test code: class CleverList(list): def __add__(self, other): copy = self[:] for i in range(len(self)): copy[i] += other[i] return copy def __sub__(self, other): copy = self[:] for i in range(len(self)): copy[i] -= other[i] return copy def __iadd__(self, other): for i in range(len(self)): self[i] += other[i] return self def __isub__(self, other): for i in range(len(self)): self[i] -= other[i] return self a = CleverList([0, 1]) b = CleverList([3, 4]) print('CleverList does vector arith: a, b, a+b, a-b = ', a, b, a+b, a-b) c = a[:] print('clone test: e = a[:]: a, e = ', a, c) c += a print('OOPS: augmented addition: c += a: a, c = ', a, c) c -= b print('OOPS: augmented subtraction: c -= b: b, c, a = ', b, c, a) Normal addition and subtraction work in the expected manner, but there are problems with the augmented addition and subtraction. Here is the output: >>> CleverList does vector arith: a, b, a+b, a-b = [0, 1] [3, 4] [3, 5] [-3, -3] clone test: e = a[:]: a, e = [0, 1] [0, 1] OOPS: augmented addition: c += a: a, c = [0, 1] [0, 1, 0, 1] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/bob/Documents/Python/listTest.py", line 35, in <module> c -= b TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'list' and 'CleverList' >>> Is there a neat and simple way to get augmented operators working in this example?

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  • Best practice on structuring asynchronous mailers (using Sidekiq)

    - by gbdev
    Just wondering what's the best way to go about structuring asynchronous mailers in my Rails app (using Sidekiq)? I have one ActionMailer class with multiple methods/emails... notifier.rb: class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base default from: "\"Company Name\" <[email protected]>" default_url_options[:host] = Rails.env.production? ? 'domain.com' : 'localhost:5000' def welcome_email(user) @user = user mail to: @user.email, subject: "Thanks for signing up!" end ... def password_reset(user) @user = user @edit_password_reset_url = edit_password_reset_url(user.perishable_token) mail to: @user.email, subject: "Password Reset" end end Then for example, the password_reset mail is sent in my User model by doing... user.rb: def deliver_password_reset_instructions! reset_perishable_token! NotifierWorker.perform_async(self) end notifier_worker.rb: class NotifierWorker include Sidekiq::Worker sidekiq_options queue: "mail" def perform(user) Notifier.password_reset(user).deliver end end So I guess I'm wondering a couple things here... Is it possible to define many "perform" actions in one single worker? By doing so I could keep things simple (one notifier/mail worker) as I have it and send many different emails through it. Or should I create many workers? One for each mailer (e.g. WelcomeEmailWorker, PasswordResetWorker, etc) and just assign them all to use the same "mail" queue with Sidekiq. I know it works as it is, but should I break out each of those mail methods (welcome_email, password_reset, etc) into individually mailer classes or is it ok to have them all under one class like Notifier? Really appreciate any advice here. Thanks!

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  • How do I cast from int to generic type Integer?

    - by Rob Kent
    I'm relatively new to Java and am used to generics in C# so have struggled a bit with this code. Basically I want a generic method for getting a stored Android preference by key and this code, albeit ugly, works for a Boolean but not an Integer, when it blows up with a ClassCastException. Can anyone tell me why this is wrong and maybe help me improve the whole routine (using wildcards?)? public static <T> T getPreference(Class<T> argType, String prefKey, T defaultValue, SharedPreferences sharedPreferences) { ... try { if (argType == Boolean.class) { Boolean def = (Boolean) defaultValue; return argType.cast(sharedPreferences.getBoolean(prefKey, def)); } else if (argType == Integer.class) { Integer def = (Integer) defaultValue; return argType.cast(sharedPreferences.getInt(prefKey, def)); } else { AppGlobal.logWarning("getPreference: Unknown type '%s' for preference '%s'. Returning default value.", argType.getName(), prefKey); return defaultValue; } } catch (ClassCastException e) { AppGlobal.logError("Cast exception when reading pref %s. Using default value.", prefKey); return defaultValue; } } I've tried various ways - using the native int, casting to an Integer, but nothing works.

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  • python script problem once build and package it

    - by Apache
    hi expert, I've written python script to scan wifi and send data to the server, I set interval value, so it keep on scanning and send the data, it read from config.txt file where i set the interval value to scan, I also add yes/no in my config file, so is 'no' it will scan only once and if 'yes' it will scan according to the interval level, my code as below import time,..... from threading import Event, Thread class RepeatTimer(Thread): def __init__(self, interval, function, iterations=0, args=[], kwargs={}): Thread.__init__(self) self.interval = interval self.function = function self.iterations = iterations self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs self.finished = Event() def run(self): count = 0 while not self.finished.is_set() and (self.iterations <= 0 or count < self.iterations): self.finished.wait(self.interval) if not self.finished.is_set(): self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs) count += 1 def cancel(self): self.finished.set() def scanWifi(self): #scanning process and sending data done here obj = JW() if status == "yes": t = RepeatTimer(int(intervalTime),obj.scanWifi) t.start() else: obj.scanWifi() once I package my code, its only run when I set my config file set to 'no' where it scan only once, but when I set my config file to 'yes', there is no progress at all, so I found that there is problem with my class RepeatTimer(Timer) once build, but don't know how to solve can anyone help me thanks

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  • query not displaying proper result

    - by ravindra
    In my Rails 3 project I have the following code for My controller: class TasksController < ApplicationController def today @tasks = Task.today @task = Task.new respond_to do |format| format.html { render :text=> "Sorry , you don't have any task pending today." } format.html # new.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @tasks } end end def this_week @tasks = Task.this_week @task = Task.new respond_to do |format| format.html { render :text => "Sorry , No content for selected period." } format.html # new.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @tasks } end end end My model: class Task < ActiveRecord::Base def self.today Task.where(:due_date => "Date.today" , :task_status => "open").order("due_date ASC") end def self.this_week Task.where(:due_date =>"Time.now.this_week" , :task_status => "open" ).order("due_date ASC") end end Why it does not displaying anything in the relative view. Please help me. Thanks

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  • Python class structure ... prep() method?

    - by Adam Nelson
    We have a metaclass, a class, and a child class for an alert system: class AlertMeta(type): """ Metaclass for all alerts Reads attrs and organizes AlertMessageType data """ def __new__(cls, base, name, attrs): new_class = super(AlertMeta, cls).__new__(cls, base, name, attrs) # do stuff to new_class return new_class class BaseAlert(object): """ BaseAlert objects should be instantiated in order to create new AlertItems. Alert objects have classmethods for dequeue (to batch AlertItems) and register (for associated a user to an AlertType and AlertMessageType) If the __init__ function recieves 'dequeue=True' as a kwarg, then all other arguments will be ignored and the Alert will check for messages to send """ __metaclass__ = AlertMeta def __init__(self, **kwargs): dequeue = kwargs.pop('dequeue',None) if kwargs: raise ValueError('Unexpected keyword arguments: %s' % kwargs) if dequeue: self.dequeue() else: # Do Normal init stuff def dequeue(self): """ Pop batched AlertItems """ # Dequeue from a custom queue class CustomAlert(BaseAlert): def __init__(self,**kwargs): # prepare custom init data super(BaseAlert, self).__init__(**kwargs) We would like to be able to make child classes of BaseAlert (CustomAlert) that allow us to run dequeue and to be able to run their own __init__ code. We think there are three ways to do this: Add a prep() method that returns True in the BaseAlert and is called by __init__. Child classes could define their own prep() methods. Make dequeue() a class method - however, alot of what dequeue() does requires non-class methods - so we'd have to make those class methods as well. Create a new class for dealing with the queue. Would this class extend BaseAlert? Is there a standard way of handling this type of situation?

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  • How to debug python del self.callbacks[s][cid] keyError when the error message does not indicate where in my code the error is

    - by lkloh
    In a python program I am writing, I get an error saying Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/Canopy.app/appdata/canopy-1.4.0.1938.macosx- x86_64/Canopy.app/Contents/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1470, in __call__ return self.func(*args) File "/Users/lkloh/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 413, in button_release_event FigureCanvasBase.button_release_event(self, x, y, num, guiEvent=event) File "/Users/lkloh/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 1808, in button_release_event self.callbacks.process(s, event) File "/Users/lkloh/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/cbook.py", line 525, in process del self.callbacks[s][cid] KeyError: 103 Do you have any idea how I can debug this/ what could be wrong? The error message does not point to anywhere in code I have personally written. I get the error message only after I close my GUI window, but I want to fix it even though it does not break the functionality of my code. The error is part of a very big program I am writing, so I cannot post all my code, but below is code I think is relevant: def save(self, event): self.getSaveAxes() self.save_connect() def getSaveAxes(self): saveFigure = figure(figsize=(8,1)) saveFigure.clf() # size of save buttons rect_saveHeaders = [0.04,0.2,0.2,0.6] rect_saveHeadersFilterParams = [0.28,0.2,0.2,0.6] rect_saveHeadersOverride = [0.52,0.2,0.2,0.6] rect_saveQuit = [0.76,0.2,0.2,0.6] #initalize axes saveAxs = {} saveAxs['saveHeaders'] = saveFigure.add_axes(rect_saveHeaders) saveAxs['saveHeadersFilterParams'] = saveFigure.add_axes(rect_saveHeadersFilterParams) saveAxs['saveHeadersOverride'] = saveFigure.add_axes(rect_saveHeadersOverride) saveAxs['saveQuit'] = saveFigure.add_axes(rect_saveQuit) self.saveAxs = saveAxs self.save_connect() self.saveFigure = saveFigure show() def save_connect(self): #set buttons self.bn_saveHeaders = Button(self.saveAxs['saveHeaders'], 'Save\nHeaders\nOnly') self.bn_saveHeadersFilterParams = Button(self.saveAxs['saveHeadersFilterParams'], 'Save Headers &\n Filter Parameters') self.bn_saveHeadersOverride = Button(self.saveAxs['saveHeadersOverride'], 'Save Headers &\nOverride Data') self.bn_saveQuit = Button(self.saveAxs['saveQuit'], 'Quit') #connect buttons to functions they trigger self.cid_saveHeaders = self.bn_saveHeaders.on_clicked(self.save_headers) self.cid_savedHeadersFilterParams = self.bn_saveHeadersFilterParams.on_clicked(self.save_headers_filterParams) self.cid_saveHeadersOverride = self.bn_saveHeadersOverride.on_clicked(self.save_headers_override) self.cid_saveQuit = self.bn_saveQuit.on_clicked(self.save_quit) def save_quit(self, event): self.save_disconnect() close()

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  • How to allow devise users to edit their profil?

    - by user1704926
    I have a namespace called "backend" which is protected by Devise. I would like now to allow users to edit their profil. So I created a users_controller in Backend. Here's the users_controllercode : class Backend::UsersController < ApplicationController layout 'admin' before_filter :authenticate_user! def index @users = Backend::User.all respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.json { render json: @users } end end def show @user = Backend::User.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| format.html # show.html.erb format.json { render json: @user } end end def edit @user = Backend::User.find(params[:id]) end def update @user = Backend::User.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @user.update_attributes(params[:user]) format.html { redirect_to @user, notice: 'Article was successfully updated.' } format.json { head :no_content } else format.html { render action: "edit" } format.json { render json: @user.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity } end end end end When I go on backend_users_path there is a list of all the users. I would like to permit to edit only his own profil. So I go on the Edit page : <%= link_to "Edit", edit_backend_user_path(backend_user.id) %> . Here's the Edit page code : <%= simple_form_for @user do |f| %> <div><%= f.label :email %><br /> <%= f.input :email, :autofocus => true %></div> <div><%= f.submit "Update" %></div> <% end %> And there is my problem : when I try to modify the email address, nothing happen. The update fails. How can I do this ? I'm quite lost. Thanks by advance.

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  • Saving associated domain classes in Grails

    - by Cesar
    I'm struggling to get association right on Grails. Let's say I have two domain classes: class Engine { String name int numberOfCylinders = 4 static constraints = { name(blank:false, nullable:false) numberOfCylinders(range:4..8) } } class Car { int year String brand Engine engine = new Engine(name:"Default Engine") static constraints = { engine(nullable:false) brand(blank:false, nullable:false) year(nullable:false) } } The idea is that users can create cars without creating an engine first, and those cars get a default engine. In the CarController I have: def save = { def car = new Car(params) if(!car.hasErrors() && car.save()){ flash.message = "Car saved" redirect(action:index) }else{ render(view:'create', model:[car:car]) } } When trying to save, I get a null value exception on the Car.engine field, so obviously the default engine is not created and saved. I tried to manually create the engine: def save = { def car = new Car(params) car.engine = new Engine(name: "Default Engine") if(!car.hasErrors() && car.save()){ flash.message = "Car saved" redirect(action:index) }else{ render(view:'create', model:[car:car]) } } Didn't work either. Is Grails not able to save associated classes? How could I implement such feature?

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  • Best way to design a class in python

    - by Fraz
    So, this is more like a philosophical question for someone who is trying to understand classes. Most of time, how i use class is actually a very bad way to use it. I think of a lot of functions and after a time just indent the code and makes it a class and replacing few stuff with self.variable if a variable is repeated a lot. (I know its bad practise) But anyways... What i am asking is: class FooBar: def __init__(self,foo,bar): self._foo = foo self._bar = bar self.ans = self.__execute() def __execute(self): return something(self._foo, self._bar) Now there are many ways to do this: class FooBar: def __init__(self,foo): self._foo = foo def execute(self,bar): return something(self._foo, bar) Can you suggest which one is bad and which one is worse? or any other way to do this. This is just a toy example (offcourse). I mean, there is no need to have a class here if there is one function.. but lets say in __execute something() calls a whole set of other methods.. ?? Thanks

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  • Waiting for thread to finish Python

    - by lunchtime
    Alright, here's my problem. I have a thread that creates another thread in a pool, applies async so I can work with the returned data, which is working GREAT. But I need the current thread to WAIT until the result is returned. Here is the simplified code, as the current script is over 300 lines. I'm sure i've included everything for you to make sense of what I'm attempting: from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool import threading pool = ThreadPool(processes=1) class MyStreamer(TwythonStreamer): #[...] def on_success(self, data): #### Everytime data comes in, this is called #[...] #<Pseudocode> if score >= limit if list exists: Do stuff elif list does not exist: #</Pseudocode> dic = [] dic.append([k1, v1]) did = dict(dic) async_result = pool.apply_async(self.list_step, args=(did)) return_val = async_result.get() slug = return_val[0] idd = return_val[1] #[...] def list_step(self, *args): ## CREATE LIST ## RETURN 2 VALUES class threadStream (threading.Thread): def __init__(self, auth): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.auth = auth def run(self): stream = MyStreamer(auth = auth[0], *auth[0]) stream.statuses.filter(track=auth[1]) t = threadStream(auth=AuthMe) t.start() I receive the results as intended, which is great, but how do I make it so this thread t waits for the async_result to come in?? My problem is everytime new data comes in, it seems that the ## CREATE LIST function is called multiple times if similar data comes in quickly enough. So I'm ending up with many lists of the same name when I have code in place to ensure that a list will never be created if the name already exists. So to reiterate: How do I make this thread wait on the function to complete before accepting new data / continuing. I don't think time.sleep() works because on_success is called when data enters the stream. I don't think Thread.Join() will work either since I have to use a ThreadPool.apply_async to receive the data I need. Is there a hack I can make in the MyStreamer class somehow? I'm kind of at a loss here. Am I over complicating things and can this be simplified to do what I want?

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  • Selecting records in SQL that have the minimum value for that record based on another field

    - by Ryan
    I have a set of data, and while the number of fields and tables it joins with is quite complex, I believe I can distill my problem down using the required fields/tables here for illustration regarding this particular problem. I have three tables: ClientData, Sources, Prices Here is what my current query looks like before selecting the minimum value: select c.RecordID, c.Description, s.Source, p.Price, p.Type, p.Weight from ClientData c inner join Sources s ON c.RecordID = s.RecordID inner join Prices p ON s.SourceID = p.SourceID This produces the following result: RecordID Description Source Price Type Weight ============================================================= 001002003 ABC Common Stock Vendor 1 104.5 Close 1 001002003 ABC Common Stock Vendor 1 103 Bid 2 001002003 ABC Common Stock Vendor 2 106 Close 1 001002003 ABC Common Stock Vendor 2 100 Unknwn 0 111222333 DEF Preferred Stk Vendor 3 80 Bid 2 111222333 DEF Preferred Stk Vendor 3 82 Mid 3 111222333 DEF Preferred Stk Vendor 2 81 Ask 4 What I am trying to do is display prices that belong to the same record which have the minimum non-zero weight for that record (so the weight must be greater than 0, but it has to be the minimum from amongst the remaining weights). So in the above example, for record 001002003 I would want to show the close prices from Vendor 1 and Vendor 2 because they both have a weight of 1 (the minimum weight for that record). But for 111222333 I would want to show just the bid price from Vendor 3 because its weight of 2 is the minimum, non-zero for that record. The result that I'm after would like like: RecordID Description Source Price Type Weight ============================================================= 001002003 ABC Common Stock Vendor 1 104.5 Close 1 001002003 ABC Common Stock Vendor 2 106 Close 1 111222333 DEF Preferred Stk Vendor 3 80 Bid 2 Any ideas on how to achieve this? EDIT: This is for SQL Compact Edition.

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  • Dynamic programming Approach- Knapsack Puzzle

    - by idalsin
    I'm trying to solve the Knapsack problem with the dynamical programming(DP) approach, with Python 3.x. My TA pointed us towards this code for a head start. I've tried to implement it, as below: def take_input(infile): f_open = open(infile, 'r') lines = [] for line in f_open: lines.append(line.strip()) f_open.close() return lines def create_list(jewel_lines): #turns the jewels into a list of lists jewels_list = [] for x in jewel_lines: weight = x.split()[0] value = x.split()[1] jewels_list.append((int(value), int(weight))) jewels_list = sorted(jewels_list, key = lambda x : (-x[0], x[1])) return jewels_list def dynamic_grab(items, max_weight): table = [[0 for weight in range(max_weight+1)] for j in range(len(items)+1)] for j in range(1,len(items)+1): val= items[j-1][0] wt= items[j-1][1] for weight in range(1, max_weight+1): if wt > weight: table[j][weight] = table[j-1][weight] else: table[j][weight] = max(table[j-1][weight],table[j-1][weight-wt] + val) result = [] weight = max_weight for j in range(len(items),0,-1): was_added = table[j][weight] != table[j-1][weight] if was_added: val = items[j-1][0] wt = items[j-1][1] result.append(items[j-1]) weight -= wt return result def totalvalue(comb): #total of a combo of items totwt = totval = 0 for val, wt in comb: totwt += wt totval += val return (totval, -totwt) if totwt <= max_weight else (0,0) #required setup of variables infile = "JT_test1.txt" given_input = take_input(infile) max_weight = int(given_input[0]) given_input.pop(0) jewels_list = create_list(given_input) #test lines print(jewels_list) print(greedy_grab(jewels_list, max_weight)) bagged = dynamic_grab(jewels_list, max_weight) print(totalvalue(bagged)) The sample case is below. It is in the format line[0] = bag_max, line[1:] is in form(weight, value): 575 125 3000 50 100 500 6000 25 30 I'm confused as to the logic of this code in that it returns me a tuple and I'm not sure what the output tuple represents. I've been looking at this for a while and just don't understand what the code is pointing me at. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Create rails record from two ids

    - by Michael Luby
    The functionality I'm trying to build allows Users to Visit a Restaurant. I have Users, Locations, and Restaurants models. Locations have many Restaurants. I've created a Visits model with user_id and restaurant_id attributes, and a visits_controller with create and destroy methods. Thing is, I can't create an actual Visit record. Any thoughts on how I can accomplish this? Or am I going about it the wrong way. Here's the code: Model: class Visit < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :restaurant_id, :user_id belongs_to :user belongs_to :restaurant end View: <% @restaurants.each do |restaurant| %> <%= link_to 'Visit', location_restaurant_visits_path(current_user.id, restaurant.id), method: :create %> <% @visit = Visit.find_by_user_id_and_restaurant_id(current_user.id, restaurant.id) %> <%= @visit != nil ? "true" : "false" %> <% end %> Controller: class VisitsController < ApplicationController before_filter :find_restaurant before_filter :find_user def create @visit = Visit.create(params[:user_id => @user.id, :restaurant_id => @restaurant.id]) respond_to do |format| if @visit.save format.html { redirect_to location_restaurants_path(@location), notice: 'Visit created.' } format.json { render json: @visit, status: :created, location: @visit } else format.html { render action: "new" } format.json { render json: @visit.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity } end end end def destroy @visit = Visit.find(params[:user_id => @user.id, :restaurant_id => @restaurant.id]) @restaurant.destroy respond_to do |format| format.html { redirect_to location_restaurants_path(@restaurant.location_id), notice: 'Unvisited.' } format.json { head :no_content } end end private def find_restaurant @restaurant = Restaurant.find(params[:restaurant_id]) end def find_user @user = current_user end end

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  • JBox2D Polygon Collisions Acting Strange

    - by andy
    I have been playing around with JBox2D and Slick2D and made a little demo with a ground object, a box object, and two different polygons. The problem I am facing is that the collision-detection for the polygons seems to be off (see picture below), but the box's collision works fine. My Code: Main Class package main; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyType; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; import org.newdawn.slick.state.BasicGameState; import org.newdawn.slick.state.StateBasedGame; import shapes.Box; import shapes.Polygon; public class State1 extends BasicGameState{ World world; int velocityIterations; int positionIterations; float pixelsPerMeter; int state; Box ground; Box box1; Polygon poly1; Polygon poly2; Renderer renderer; public State1(int state) { this.state = state; } @Override public void init(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { velocityIterations = 10; positionIterations = 10; pixelsPerMeter = 1f; world = new World(new Vec2(0.f, -9.8f)); renderer = new Renderer(gc, gc.getGraphics(), pixelsPerMeter, world); box1 = new Box(-100f, 200f, 40, 50, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); ground = new Box(-14, -275, 50, 900, BodyType.STATIC, world); poly1 = new Polygon(50f, 10f, new Vec2[] { new Vec2(-6f, -14f), new Vec2(0f, -20f), new Vec2(6f, -14f), new Vec2(10f, 10f), new Vec2(-10f, 10f) }, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); poly2 = new Polygon(0f, 10f, new Vec2[] { new Vec2(10f, 0f), new Vec2(20f, 0f), new Vec2(30f, 10f), new Vec2(30f, 20f), new Vec2(20f, 30f), new Vec2(10f, 30f), new Vec2(0f, 20f), new Vec2(0f, 10f) }, BodyType.DYNAMIC, world); } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException { world.step((float)delta / 180f, velocityIterations, positionIterations); } @Override public void render(GameContainer gc, StateBasedGame game, Graphics g) throws SlickException { renderer.render(); } @Override public int getID() { return this.state; } } Polygon Class package shapes; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyDef; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.BodyType; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.FixtureDef; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; public class Polygon { public float x, y; public Color color; public BodyType bodyType; org.newdawn.slick.geom.Polygon poly; BodyDef def; PolygonShape ps; FixtureDef fd; Body body; World world; Vec2[] verts; public Polygon(float x, float y, Vec2[] verts, BodyType bodyType, World world) { this.verts = verts; this.x = x; this.y = y; this.bodyType = bodyType; this.world = world; init(); } public void init() { def = new BodyDef(); def.type = bodyType; def.position.set(x, y); ps = new PolygonShape(); ps.set(verts, verts.length); fd = new FixtureDef(); fd.shape = ps; fd.density = 2.0f; fd.friction = 0.7f; fd.restitution = 0.5f; body = world.createBody(def); body.createFixture(fd); } } Rendering Class package main; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.PolygonShape; import org.jbox2d.collision.shapes.ShapeType; import org.jbox2d.common.MathUtils; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Body; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.Fixture; import org.jbox2d.dynamics.World; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.geom.Polygon; import org.newdawn.slick.geom.Transform; public class Renderer { World world; float pixelsPerMeter; GameContainer gc; Graphics g; public Renderer(GameContainer gc, Graphics g, float ppm, World world) { this.world = world; this.pixelsPerMeter = ppm; this.g = g; this.gc = gc; } public void render() { Body current = world.getBodyList(); Vec2 center = current.getLocalCenter(); while(current != null) { Vec2 pos = current.getPosition(); g.pushTransform(); g.translate(pos.x * pixelsPerMeter + (0.5f * gc.getWidth()), -pos.y * pixelsPerMeter + (0.5f * gc.getHeight())); Fixture f = current.getFixtureList(); while(f != null) { ShapeType type = f.getType(); g.setColor(getColor(current)); switch(type) { case POLYGON: { PolygonShape shape = (PolygonShape)f.getShape(); Vec2[] verts = shape.getVertices(); int count = shape.getVertexCount(); Polygon p = new Polygon(); for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) { p.addPoint(verts[i].x, verts[i].y); } p.setCenterX(center.x); p.setCenterY(center.y); p = (Polygon)p.transform(Transform.createRotateTransform(current.getAngle() + MathUtils.PI, center.x, center.y)); p = (Polygon)p.transform(Transform.createScaleTransform(pixelsPerMeter, pixelsPerMeter)); g.draw(p); break; } case CIRCLE: { f.getShape(); } default: } f = f.getNext(); } g.popTransform(); current = current.getNext(); } } public Color getColor(Body b) { Color c = new Color(1f, 1f, 1f); switch(b.m_type) { case DYNAMIC: if(b.isActive()) { c = new Color(255, 123, 0); } else { c = new Color(99, 99, 99); } break; case KINEMATIC: break; case STATIC: c = new Color(111, 111, 111); break; default: break; } return c; } } Any help with fixing the collisions would be greatly appreciated, and if you need any other code snippets I would be happy to provide them.

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  • Solving embarassingly parallel problems using Python multiprocessing

    - by gotgenes
    How does one use multiprocessing to tackle embarrassingly parallel problems? Embarassingly parallel problems typically consist of three basic parts: Read input data (from a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). Run calculations on the input data, where each calculation is independent of any other calculation. Write results of calculations (to a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). We can parallelize the program in two dimensions: Part 2 can run on multiple cores, since each calculation is independent; order of processing doesn't matter. Each part can run independently. Part 1 can place data on an input queue, part 2 can pull data off the input queue and put results onto an output queue, and part 3 can pull results off the output queue and write them out. This seems a most basic pattern in concurrent programming, but I am still lost in trying to solve it, so let's write a canonical example to illustrate how this is done using multiprocessing. Here is the example problem: Given a CSV file with rows of integers as input, compute their sums. Separate the problem into three parts, which can all run in parallel: Process the input file into raw data (lists/iterables of integers) Calculate the sums of the data, in parallel Output the sums Below is traditional, single-process bound Python program which solves these three tasks: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # basicsums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file. """ import csv import optparse import sys def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) return cli_parser def parse_input_csv(csvfile): """Parses the input CSV and yields tuples with the index of the row as the first element, and the integers of the row as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.reader` instance """ for i, row in enumerate(csvfile): row = [int(entry) for entry in row] yield i, row def sum_rows(rows): """Yields a tuple with the index of each input list of integers as the first element, and the sum of the list of integers as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `rows`: an iterable of tuples, with the index of the original row as the first element, and a list of integers as the second element """ for i, row in rows: yield i, sum(row) def write_results(csvfile, results): """Writes a series of results to an outfile, where the first column is the index of the original row of data, and the second column is the result of the calculation. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.writer` instance to which to write results - `results`: an iterable of tuples, with the index (zero-based) of the original row as the first element, and the calculated result from that row as the second element """ for result_row in results: csvfile.writerow(result_row) def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # gets an iterable of rows that's not yet evaluated input_rows = parse_input_csv(in_csvfile) # sends the rows iterable to sum_rows() for results iterable, but # still not evaluated result_rows = sum_rows(input_rows) # finally evaluation takes place as a chain in write_results() write_results(out_csvfile, result_rows) infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) Let's take this program and rewrite it to use multiprocessing to parallelize the three parts outlined above. Below is a skeleton of this new, parallelized program, that needs to be fleshed out to address the parts in the comments: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # multiproc_sums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file, using multiple processes if desired. """ import csv import multiprocessing import optparse import sys NUM_PROCS = multiprocessing.cpu_count() def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) cli_parser.add_option('-n', '--numprocs', type='int', default=NUM_PROCS, help="Number of processes to launch [DEFAULT: %default]") return cli_parser def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # Parse the input file and add the parsed data to a queue for # processing, possibly chunking to decrease communication between # processes. # Process the parsed data as soon as any (chunks) appear on the # queue, using as many processes as allotted by the user # (opts.numprocs); place results on a queue for output. # # Terminate processes when the parser stops putting data in the # input queue. # Write the results to disk as soon as they appear on the output # queue. # Ensure all child processes have terminated. # Clean up files. infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) These pieces of code, as well as another piece of code that can generate example CSV files for testing purposes, can be found on github. I would appreciate any insight here as to how you concurrency gurus would approach this problem. Here are some questions I had when thinking about this problem. Bonus points for addressing any/all: Should I have child processes for reading in the data and placing it into the queue, or can the main process do this without blocking until all input is read? Likewise, should I have a child process for writing the results out from the processed queue, or can the main process do this without having to wait for all the results? Should I use a processes pool for the sum operations? If yes, what method do I call on the pool to get it to start processing the results coming into the input queue, without blocking the input and output processes, too? apply_async()? map_async()? imap()? imap_unordered()? Suppose we didn't need to siphon off the input and output queues as data entered them, but could wait until all input was parsed and all results were calculated (e.g., because we know all the input and output will fit in system memory). Should we change the algorithm in any way (e.g., not run any processes concurrently with I/O)?

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  • 500 internal server error on certain page after a few hours

    - by Brian Leach
    I am getting a 500 Internal Server Error on a certain page of my site after a few hours of being up. I restart uWSGI instance with uwsgi --ini /home/metheuser/webapps/ers_portal/ers_portal_uwsgi.ini and it works again for a few hours. The rest of the site seems to be working. When I navigate to my_table, I am directed to the login page. But, I get the 500 error on my table page on login. I followed the instructions here to set up my nginx and uwsgi configs. That is, I have ers_portal_nginx.conf located i my app folder that is symlinked to /etc/nginx/conf.d/. I start my uWSGI "instance" (not sure what exactly to call it) in a Screen instance as mentioned above, with the .ini file located in my app folder My ers_portal_nginx.conf: server { listen 80; server_name www.mydomain.com; location / { try_files $uri @app; } location @app { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass unix:/home/metheuser/webapps/ers_portal/run_web_uwsgi.sock; } } My ers_portal_uwsgi.ini: [uwsgi] #user info uid = metheuser gid = ers_group #application's base folder base = /home/metheuser/webapps/ers_portal #python module to import app = run_web module = %(app) home = %(base)/ers_portal_venv pythonpath = %(base) #socket file's location socket = /home/metheuser/webapps/ers_portal/%n.sock #permissions for the socket file chmod-socket = 666 #uwsgi varible only, does not relate to your flask application callable = app #location of log files logto = /home/metheuser/webapps/ers_portal/logs/%n.log Relevant parts of my views.py data_modification_time = None data = None def reload_data(): global data_modification_time, data, sites, column_names filename = '/home/metheuser/webapps/ers_portal/app/static/' + ec.dd_filename mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime if data_modification_time != mtime: data_modification_time = mtime with open(filename) as f: data = pickle.load(f) return data @a bunch of authentication stuff... @app.route('/') @app.route('/index') def index(): return render_template("index.html", title = 'Main',) @app.route('/login', methods = ['GET', 'POST']) def login(): login stuff... @app.route('/my_table') @login_required def my_table(): print 'trying to access data table...' data = reload_data() return render_template("my_table.html", title = "Rundata Viewer", sts = sites, cn = column_names, data = data) # dictionary of data I installed nginx via yum as described here (yesterday) I am using uWSGI installed in my venv via pip I am on CentOS 6 My uwsgi log shows: Wed Jun 11 17:20:01 2014 - uwsgi_response_writev_headers_and_body_do(): Broken pipe [core/writer.c line 287] during GET /whm-server-status (127.0.0.1) IOError: write error [pid: 9586|app: 0|req: 135/135] 127.0.0.1 () {24 vars in 292 bytes} [Wed Jun 11 17:20:01 2014] GET /whm-server-status => generated 0 bytes in 3 msecs (HTTP/1.0 404) 2 headers in 0 bytes (0 switches on core 0) When its working, the print statement in the views "my_table" route prints into the log file. But not once it stops working. Any ideas?

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  • Use sed command to replace , appearing between numbers

    - by Saurabh
    I have a CSV file where data are in the following format |001|,|abc,def|,123456,789,|aaa|,|bbb|,444,555,666 I want to replace only those "," that appears between numbers with some other character like say SOH or $ or * other "," appearing in the line should not get replaced i.e. to say I wish to have following output |001|,|abc,def|,123456*789,|aaa|,|bbb|,444*555*666 Can someone please help me with sed command pattern to get the above desired output

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