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  • Overriding rubies spaceship operator <=>

    - by ericsteen1
    I am trying to override rubies <= (spaceship) operator to sort apples and oranges so that apples come first sorted by weight, and oranges second, sorted by sweetness. Like so: module Fruity attr_accessor :weight, :sweetness def <=>(other) # use Array#<=> to compare the attributes [self.weight, self.sweetness] <=> [other.weight, other.sweetness] end include Comparable end class Apple include Fruity def initialize(w) self.weight = w end end class Orange include Fruity def initialize(s) self.sweetness = s end end fruits = [Apple.new(2),Orange.new(4),Apple.new(6),Orange.new(9),Apple.new(1),Orange.new(22)] p fruits #should work? p fruits.sort But this does not work, can someone tell what I am doing wrong here, or a better way to do this?

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  • XML Parsing in Groovy strips attribute new lines

    - by Bill James
    I'm writing code where I retrieve XML from a web api, then parse that XML using Groovy. Unfortunately, it seems that both XmlParser and XmlSlurper for Groovy strip newline characters from the attributes of nodes when .text() is called. How can I get at the text of the attribute including the newlines? Sample code: def xmltest = ''' <snippet> <preSnippet att1="testatt1" code="This is line 1 This is line 2 This is line 3" > <lines count="10" /> </preSnippet> </snippet>''' def parsed = new XmlParser().parseText( xmltest ) println "Parsed" parsed.preSnippet.each { pre -> println pre.attribute('code'); } def slurped = new XmlSlurper().parseText( xmltest ) println "Slurped" slurped.children().each { preSnip -> println [email protected]() } the output of which is: Parsed This is line 1 This is line 2 This is line 3 Slurped This is line 1 This is line 2 This is line 3

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  • Should I use a metaclass, class decorator, or override the __new__ method?

    - by 007brendan
    Here is my problem. I want the following class to have a bunch of property attributes. I could either write them all out like foo and bar, or based on some other examples I've seen, it looks like I could use a class decorator, a metaclass, or override the __new__ method to set the properties automagically. I'm just not sure what the "right" way to do it would be. class Test(object): def calculate_attr(self, attr): # do calculaty stuff return attr @property def foo(self): return self.calculate_attr('foo') @property def bar(self): return self.calculate_attr('bar')

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  • Tkinter Gui to read in csv file and generate buttons based on the entries in the first row

    - by Thomas Jensen
    I need to write a gui in Tkinter that can choose a csv file, read it in and generate a sequence of buttons based on the names in the first row of the csv file (later the data in the csv file should be used to run a number of simulations). So far I have managed to write a Tkinter gui that will read the csv file, but I am stomped as to how I should proceed: from Tkinter import * import tkFileDialog import csv class Application(Frame): def __init__(self, master = None): Frame.__init__(self,master) self.grid() self.createWidgets() def createWidgets(self): top = self.winfo_toplevel() self.menuBar = Menu(top) top["menu"] = self.menuBar self.subMenu = Menu(self.menuBar) self.menuBar.add_cascade(label = "File", menu = self.subMenu) self.subMenu.add_command( label = "Read Data",command = self.readCSV) def readCSV(self): self.filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename() f = open(self.filename,"rb") read = csv.reader(f, delimiter = ",") app = Application() app.master.title("test") app.mainloop() Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • Problem with sys.argv[1] when unittest module is in a script

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I have a script that does various things and access paramenters using sys.argv but when the script gets to the unittest part of the code it says there is no module for this. The script that I have is: class MyScript(): def __init__(self): self.value = sys.argv[1] def hello(self): print self.value def suite(self): modules_to_test = ('external_sanity_onvif', 'starttest') alltests = unittest.TestSuite() for module in map(__import__, modules_to_test): alltests.addTest(unittest.findTestCases(module)) return alltests if __name__ == '__main__': Run = MyScript() Run.hello() log_file = 'log_file.txt' test_file = open(log_file, "w") runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(test_file) unittest.main(defaultTest='Run.suite', testRunner=runner) Say I enter ./script.py Hello in the command line. The error I get is: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Hello' If I remove the unittest module it works. Also if I remove the testrunner log and leave it at: unittest.main(defaultTest='Run.suite') This still doesn't work. Can anyone help. Thanks

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  • Why isn't my Ruby object deleted when the last reference goes out of scope?

    - by Andrew Clegg
    Hi gurus, I've found a weird effect when trying to track down a memory leak in a Rails app. Can anyone explain what's going on here? Save this script as a plain Ruby script (Rails not necessary): class Fnord def to_s 'fnord' end end def test f = Fnord.new end test GC.start sleep 2 ObjectSpace.each_object do |o| puts o if o.is_a? Fnord end When I run this via ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-12 patchlevel 174) [i486-linux] I get the following: bash $ ruby var_test fnord Although the variable f is out of scope, there are no other references to the single Fnord object, and I've garbage collected, the object still seems to exist. Is this a nefarious memory leak of some sort, or am I completely missing something about Ruby? Further, if I change the test method to this: def test f = Fnord.new f = nil end I get no output. But surely this should not change the semantics here? Many thanks!

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  • Rendering another Action without changing URL?

    - by Michael Stum
    I have this code in my Rails 3 controller: def index now = Time.now.utc.strftime("%m%d") redirect_to :action => "show", :id => now end def show begin @date = Time.parse("12#{params[:id]}") dbdate = params[:id] rescue ArgumentError @date = Time.now.utc dbdate = @date.strftime("%m%d") end @date = @date.strftime("%B %d") @events = Event.events_for_date(dbdate) end So basically index is just a specialized version of show, hence I want it to execute show, render the show.html.erb view - but I do not want to change the URL like redirect_to does. I have tried this approach: def index now = Time.now.utc.strftime("%m%d") params[:id] = now show render :action => "show" end Now, this works, but it just smells badly. I'm new to Ruby and Rails, so I just wonder if there is something fundamentally wrong or if there is a better way to do this?

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  • Finding unique elements in an string array in C

    - by LuckySlevin
    Hi, C bothers me with its handling of strings. I have a pseudocode like this in my mind: char *data[20]; char *tmp; int i,j; for(i=0;i<20;i++) { tmp = data[i]; for(j=1;j<20;j++) { if(strcmp(tmp,data[j]))//then except the uniqueness, store them in elsewhere. } } But when i coded this the results were bad.(I handled all the memory stuff,little things etc.) The problem is in the second loop obviously :D. But i cannot think any solution. How do i find unique strings in an array. Example input : abc def abe abc def deg entered unique ones : abc def abe deg should be found.

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  • what is this 'map' mean..in django

    - by zjm1126
    this is the code: def create(request, form_class=MapForm, template_name="maps/create.html"): map_form = form_class(request.POST or None) if map_form.is_valid(): map = map_form.save(commit=False) and the map_form is : class MapForm(forms.ModelForm): slug = forms.SlugField(max_length=20, help_text = _("a short version of the name consisting only of letters, numbers, underscores and hyphens."), #error_message = _("This value must contain only letters, numbers, underscores and hyphens.")) ) def clean_slug(self): if Map.objects.filter(slug__iexact=self.cleaned_data["slug"]).count() > 0: raise forms.ValidationError(_("A Map already exists with that slug.")) return self.cleaned_data["slug"].lower() def clean_name(self): if Map.objects.filter(name__iexact=self.cleaned_data["name"]).count() > 0: raise forms.ValidationError(_("A Map already exists with that name.")) return self.cleaned_data["name"] class Meta: model = Map fields = ('name', 'slug', 'description')

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  • defining a simple implicit Arbitary

    - by FredOverflow
    I have a type Foo with a constructor that takes an Int. How do I define an implicit Arbitrary for Foo to be used with scalacheck? implicit def arbFoo: Arbitrary[Foo] = ??? I came up with the following solution, but it's a bit too "manual" and low-level for my taste: val fooGen = for (i <- Gen.choose(Int.MinValue, Int.MaxValue)) yield new Foo(i) implicit def arbFoo: Arbitrary[Foo] = Arbitrary(fooGen) Ideally, I would want a higher-order function where I just have to plug in an Int => Foo function. I managed to cut it down to: implicit def arbFoo = Arbitrary(Gen.resultOf((i: Int) => new Foo(i))) But I still feel like there has got to be a slightly simpler way.

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  • Caching result of setUp() using Python unittest

    - by dbr
    I currently have a unittest.TestCase that looks like.. class test_appletrailer(unittest.TestCase): def setup(self): self.all_trailers = Trailers(res = "720", verbose = True) def test_has_trailers(self): self.failUnless(len(self.all_trailers) > 1) # ..more tests.. This works fine, but the Trailers() call takes about 2 seconds to run.. Given that setUp() is called before each test is run, the tests now take almost 10 seconds to run (with only 3 test functions) What is the correct way of caching the self.all_trailers variable between tests? Removing the setUp function, and doing.. class test_appletrailer(unittest.TestCase): all_trailers = Trailers(res = "720", verbose = True) ..works, but then it claims "Ran 3 tests in 0.000s" which is incorrect.. The only other way I could think of is to have a cache_trailers global variable (which works correctly, but is rather horrible): cache_trailers = None class test_appletrailer(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): global cache_trailers if cache_trailers is None: cache_trailers = self.all_trailers = all_trailers = Trailers(res = "720", verbose = True) else: self.all_trailers = cache_trailers

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  • Can you use zero-width matching regex in String split?

    - by polygenelubricants
    System.out.println( Arrays.deepToString( "abc<def>ghi".split("(?:<)|(?:>)") ) ); This prints [abc, def, ghi], as if I had split on "<|>". I want it to print [abc, <def>, ghi]. Is there a way to work some regex magic to accomplish what I want here? Perhaps a simpler example: System.out.println( Arrays.deepToString( "Hello! Oh my!! Good bye!!".split("(?:!+)") ) ); This prints [Hello, Oh my, Good bye]. I want it to print [Hello!, Oh my!!, Good bye!!]. `.

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  • When a template is rendered in template tag code, MEDIA_URL is not in context

    - by culebrón
    I want to use a template for 2 template tags. In the template, I used {{ MEDIA_URL }} and discovered that MEDIA_URL is not in context as expected. Had to use get_config and pass it manually. Why is the setting not in context, how else can I put it there, or maybe there's a better way that a template tag? (include, etc?) from django.template import Library from apps.annoying.functions import get_config from django.template.loader import render_to_string register = Library() @register.simple_tag def next_in_gallery(photo, gallery): next = photo.get_next_in_gallery(gallery) return make_arrow('right', next) @register.simple_tag def previous_in_gallery(photo, gallery): prev = photo.get_previous_in_gallery(gallery) return make_arrow('left', prev) def make_arrow(direction, object): return render_to_string('myapp/arrow.html', {'direction': direction, 'object': object, 'MEDIA_URL': get_config('MEDIA_URL', '')})

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  • Problems using User model in django unit tests

    - by theycallmemorty
    I have the following django test case that is giving me errors: class MyTesting(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.u1 = User.objects.create(username='user1') self.up1 = UserProfile.objects.create(user=self.u1) def testA(self): ... def testB(self): ... When I run my tests, testA will pass sucessfully but before testB starts, I get the following error: IntegrityError: column username is not unique It's clear that it is trying to create self.u1 before each test case and finding that it already exists in the Database. How do I get it to properly clean up after each test case so that subsequent cases run correctly?

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  • scala 2.8 breakout

    - by oxbow_lakes
    In Scala 2.8, there is an object in scala.collection.package.scala: def breakOut[From, T, To](implicit b : CanBuildFrom[Nothing, T, To]) = new CanBuildFrom[From, T, To] { def apply(from: From) = b.apply() ; def apply() = b.apply() } I have been told that this results in: > import scala.collection.breakOut > val map : Map[Int,String] = List("London", "Paris").map(x => (x.length, x))(breakOut) map: Map[Int,String] = Map(6 -> London, 5 -> Paris) What is going on here? Why is breakOut being called as an argument to my List?

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  • Model Django Poll

    - by MacPython
    I followed the django tutorial here: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial01/ and now I am at creating a poll. The code below works fine until I want to create choices, where for some reason I always get this error message: line 22, in unicode return self.question AttributeError: 'Choice' object has no attribute 'question' Unfortunatley, I dont understand where I made an error. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for the time! CODE: import datetime from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') def __unicode__(self): return self.question def was_published_today(self): return self.pub_date.date() == datetime.date.today() class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() def __unicode__(self): return self.question

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  • Python instances and attributes: is this a bug or i got it totally wrong?

    - by Mirko Rossini
    Suppose you have something like this: class intlist: def __init__(self,l = []): self.l = l def add(self,a): self.l.append(a) def appender(a): obj = intlist() obj.add(a) print obj.l if __name__ == "__main__": for i in range(5): appender(i) A function creates an instance of intlist and calls on this fresh instance the method append on the instance attribute l. How comes the output of this code is: [0] [0, 1] [0, 1, 2] [0, 1, 2, 3] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] ? If i switch obj = intlist() with obj = intlist(l=[]) I get the desired output [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] Why this happens? Thanks

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  • Rails - session information being cleared?

    - by Jty.tan
    Hi! I'm having a weird issue that I can't track down... For context, I have resources of Users, Registries, and Giftlines. Each User has many Registries. Each Registry has many Giftlines. It's a belongs to association for them in a reverse manner. What is basically happening, is that when I am creating a giftline, the giftline itself is created properly, and linked to its associated Registry properly, but then in the process of being redirected back to the Registry show page, the session[:user_id] variable is cleared and I'm logged out. As far as I can tell, where it goes wrong is here in the registries_controller: def show @registry = Registry.find(params[:id]) @user = User.find(@registry.user_id) if (params[:user_id] && (@user.login != params[:user_id]) ) flash[:notice] = "User #{params[:user_id]} does not have such a registry." redirect_to user_registries_path(session[:user_id]) end end Now, to be clear, I can do a show of the registry normally, and nothing weird happens. It's only when I've added a giftline does the session[:user_id] variable get cleared. I used the debugger and this is what seems to be happening. (rdb:19) list [20, 29] in /Users/kriston/Dropbox/ruby_apps/bee_registered/app/controllers/registries_controller.rb 20 render :action => 'new' 21 end 22 end 23 24 def show => 25 @registry = Registry.find(params[:id]) 26 @user = User.find(@registry.user_id) 27 if (params[:user_id] && (@user.login != params[:user_id]) ) 28 flash[:notice] = "User #{params[:user_id]} does not have such a registry." 29 redirect_to user_registries_path(session[:user_id]) (rdb:19) session[:user_id] "tester" (rdb:19) So from there we can see that the code has gotten back to the show command after the item had been added, and that the session[:user_id] variable is still set. (rdb:19) list [22, 31] in /Users/kriston/Dropbox/ruby_apps/bee_registered/app/controllers/registries_controller.rb 22 end 23 24 def show 25 @registry = Registry.find(params[:id]) 26 @user = User.find(@registry.user_id) => 27 if (params[:user_id] && (@user.login != params[:user_id]) ) 28 flash[:notice] = "User #{params[:user_id]} does not have such a registry." 29 redirect_to user_registries_path(session[:user_id]) 30 end 31 end (rdb:19) session[:user_id] "tester" (rdb:19) Stepping on, we get to this point. And the session[:user_id] is still set. At this point, the URL is of the format localhost:3000/registries/:id, so params[:user_id] fails, and the if condition doesn't occur. (Unless I am completely wrong .<) So then the next bit occurs, which is (rdb:19) list [1327, 1336] in /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.5/lib/action_controller/base.rb 1327 end 1328 1329 def perform_action 1330 if action_methods.include?(action_name) 1331 send(action_name) => 1332 default_render unless performed? 1333 elsif respond_to? :method_missing 1334 method_missing action_name 1335 default_render unless performed? 1336 else (rdb:19) session[:user_id] "tester" And then when I hit next... (rdb:19) next 2: session[:user_id] = /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.5/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:618 return index if nesting != 0 || aborted (rdb:19) list [613, 622] in /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.5/lib/action_controller/filters.rb 613 private 614 def call_filters(chain, index, nesting) 615 index = run_before_filters(chain, index, nesting) 616 aborted = @before_filter_chain_aborted 617 perform_action_without_filters unless performed? || aborted => 618 return index if nesting != 0 || aborted 619 run_after_filters(chain, index) 620 end 621 622 def run_before_filters(chain, index, nesting) (rdb:19) session {:user_id=>nil, :session_id=>"49992cdf2ddc708b441807f998af7ddc", :return_to=>"/registries", "flash"=>{}, :_csrf_token=>"xMDI0oDaOgbzhQhDG7EqOlGlxwIhHlB6c71fWgOIKcs="} The session[:user_id] is cleared, and when the page renders, I'm logged out. .< Sooo.... Any idea why this is occurring? It just occurred to me that I'm not sure if I'm meant to be pasting large chunks of debug output in here... Somebody point out to me if I'm not meant to be doing this. . And yes, this only occurs when I have added a giftitem, and it is sending me back to the registry page. When I'm viewing it, the same code occurs, but the session[:user_id] variable isn't cleared. It's driving me mildly insane. Thanks!

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  • Decorators vs. classes in python web development.

    - by Tristan
    I've noticed three main ways Python web frameworks deal request handing: decorators, controller classes with methods for individual requests, and request classes with methods for GET/POST. I'm curious about the virtues of these three approaches. Are there major advantages or disadvantages to any of these approaches? To fix ideas, here are three examples. Bottle uses decorators: @route('/') def index(): return 'Hello World!' Pylons uses controller classes: class HelloController(BaseController): def index(self): return 'Hello World' Tornado uses request handler classes with methods for types: class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.write("Hello, world") Which style is the best practice?

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  • reinitialize an object with self.__init__(...)

    - by Kara Jevo
    Could anybody explain whether it is safe to reinitialize an object by calling "self.init(". as shown in the following simplified example? The reason i'm asking is that i couldn't find this method neither in several python books nor in internet. There are some who suggest to list all attributes and set them to initial value one by one. Basically i want to set my object to initial state after it has finished some tasks. class Book(object): def __init__(self,name,author): self.name = name self.author = author self.copies = 5 def reset(self): self.__init__(self.name,self.author) def incrementCopy(self): self.copies += 1 Kite = Book('kite runner','khaled hosseini') print 'initial number of copies:', Kite.copies Kite.incrementCopy() Kite.incrementCopy() Kite.incrementCopy() print '3 copies are added:', Kite.copies Kite.reset() print 'number of copies are reinitialized', Kite.copies initial number of copies: 5 3 copies are added: 8 number of copies are reinitialized 5

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  • chatbot using twisted and wokkel

    - by dmitriy k.
    I am writing a chatbot using Twisted and wokkel and everything seems to be working except that bot periodically logs off. To temporarily fix that I set presence to available on every connection initialized. Does anyone know how to prevent going offline? (I assume if i keep sending available presence every minute or so bot wont go offline but that just seems too wasteful.) Suggestions anyone? Here is the presence code: class BotPresenceClientProtocol(PresenceClientProtocol): def connectionInitialized(self): PresenceClientProtocol.connectionInitialized(self) self.available(statuses={None: 'Here'}) def subscribeReceived(self, entity): self.subscribed(entity) self.available(statuses={None: 'Here'}) def unsubscribeReceived(self, entity): self.unsubscribed(entity) Thanks in advance.

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  • How to tell the MinGW linker not to export all symbols?

    - by James R.
    Hello, I'm building a Windows dynamic library using the MinGW toolchain. To build this library I'm statically linking to other 2 which offer an API and I have a .def file where I wrote the only symbol I want to be exported in my library. The problem is that GCC is exporting all of the symbols including the ones from the libraries I'm linking to. Is there anyway to tell the linker just to export the symbols in the def file? I know there is the option --export-all-symbols but there seems not to be the opposite to it. Right now the last line of the build script has this structure: g++ -shared CXXFLAGS DEFINES INCLUDES -o library.dll library.cpp DEF_FILE \ OBJECT_FILES LIBS -Wl,--enable-stdcall-fixup EDIT: In the docs about the linker it says that --export-all-symbols is the default behavior and that it's disabled when you don't use that option explicitly if you provide a def file, except when it doesn't; the symbols in 3rd party libs are being exported anyway. EDIT: Adding the option --exclude-libs LIBS doesn't keep their symbols from being exported either.

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  • Accessing the params hash for year and month rails and using in helper

    - by Matt
    So I took some php code and turned it into a calendar with a helper to make a simple calendar. I got my data from inside the helper: def calendar_maker a = Time.now b = a.month d = a.year h = Time.gm(d,b,1) #first day of month Now I want to try and do it with parameters within my method #from the helper file def calendar_maker(year, month) a = Time.now b = month c = year h = Time.gm(d,b,1) #first day of month #from my html.erb file <%= @month %> and <%= @year %> <%= params["month"] %><br /> <%= params["action"] %><br /> <%= params["year"] %><br /> <%= calendar_maker( @year, @month) %> #from controller file def calendar @month = params[:month] @year = params[:year] end Anyways mistakes were made and not finding documentation anywhere or not looking in the right place. How do I get this to work with my params hash. Thanks for the help.

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  • (Django) Trim whitespaces from charField

    - by zardon
    How do I strip whitespaces (trim) from the end of a charField in Django? Here is my Model, as you can see I've tried putting in clean methods but these never get run. I've also tried doing name.strip(), models.charField().strip() but these do not work either. Is there a way to force the charField to trim automatically for me? Thanks. class Employee(models.Model): """(Workers, Staff, etc)""" name = models.CharField(blank=True, null=True, max_length=100) # This never gets run def clean_variable(self): data = self.cleaned_data['variable'].strip() return data def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name_plural = 'Employees' # This never gets run either class EmployeesForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Employee def clean_description(self): #if not self.cleaned_data['description'].strip(): # raise forms.ValidationError('Your error message here') self.cleaned_data['name'].strip()

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  • How to disable translations during unit tests in django?

    - by Denilson Sá
    I'm using Django Internationalization tools to translate some strings from my application. The code looks like this: from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ def my_view(request): output = _("Welcome to my site.") return HttpResponse(output) Then, I'm writing unit tests using the Django test client. These tests make a request to the view and compare the returned contents. How can I disable the translations while running the unit tests? I'm aiming to do this: class FoobarTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): # Do something here to disable the string translation. But what? # I've already tried this, but it didn't work: django.utils.translation.deactivate_all() def testFoobar(self): c = Client() response = c.get("/foobar") # I want to compare to the original string without translations. self.assertEquals(response.content.strip(), "Welcome to my site.")

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