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• Grails / GORM, Disable First-level Cache

  - by Stephen Swensen

  Suppose I have the following Domain class mapping to a legacy table, utilizing read-only second-level cache, and having a transient field: class DomainObject { static def transients = ['userId'] Long id Long userId static mapping = { cache usage: 'read-only' table 'SOME_TABLE' } } I have a problem, references to DomainObject are being shared due to first-level caching, and thus transient fields are writing over each other. For example, def r1 = DomainObject.get(1) r1.userId = 22 def r2 = DomainObject.get(1) r2.userId = 34 assert r1.userId == 34 That is, r1 and r2 are references to the same instance. This is undesirable, I would like to cache the table data without sharing references. Any ideas? [Edit] Understanding the situation better now, I believe my question boils down to the following: Is there anyway to disable first level cache for a specific domain class while still using second level cache?

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• Why ruby object has two to_s and inspect methods that (looks like) do the same thing?

  - by prosseek

  The p calls inspect, and puts/print calls to_s for representing its object. If I run class Graph def initialize @nodeArray = Array.new @wireArray = Array.new end def to_s # called with print / puts "Graph : #{@nodeArray.size}" end def inspect # called with p "G" end end if __FILE__ == $0 gr = Graph.new p gr print gr puts gr end I get G Graph : 0Graph : 0 Then, why does ruby has two functions do the same thing? What makes the difference between to_s and inspect? And what's the difference between puts/print/p? If I comment out the to_s or inspect function, I get as follows. #<Graph:0x100124b88>#<Graph:0x100124b88>

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• How do I use timezones with a datetime object in python?

  - by jidar

  How do I properly represent a different timezone in my timezone? The below example only works because I know that EDT is one hour ahead of me, so I can uncomment the subtraction of myTimeZone() import datetime, re from datetime import tzinfo class myTimeZone(tzinfo): """docstring for myTimeZone""" def utfoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(hours=1) def myDateHandler(aDateString): """u'Sat, 6 Sep 2008 21:16:33 EDT'""" _my_date_pattern = re.compile(r'\w+\,\s+(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\:(\d+)\:(\d+)') day, month, year, hour, minute, second = _my_date_pattern.search(aDateString).groups() month = [ 'JAN', 'FEB', 'MAR', 'APR', 'MAY', 'JUN', 'JUL', 'AUG', 'SEP', 'OCT', 'NOV', 'DEC' ].index(month.upper()) + 1 dt = datetime.datetime( int(year), int(month), int(day), int(hour), int(minute), int(second) ) # dt = dt - datetime.timedelta(hours=1) # dt = dt - dt.tzinfo.utfoffset(myTimeZone()) return (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second, 0, 0, 0) def main(): print myDateHandler("Sat, 6 Sep 2008 21:16:33 EDT") if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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• Python How to make a cross-module function?

  - by Evan

  I want to be able to call a global function from an imported class, for example In file PetStore.py class AnimalSound(object): def __init__(self): if 'makenoise' in globals(): self.makenoise = globals()['makenoise'] else: self.makenoise = lambda: 'meow' def __str__(self): return self.makenoise() Then when I test in the Python Interpreter >>> def makenoise(): ... return 'bark' ... >>> from PetStore import AnimalSound >>> sound = AnimalSound() >>> sound.makenoise() 'meow' I get a 'meow' instead of 'bark'. I have tried using the solutions provided in python-how-to-make-a-cross-module-variable with no luck.

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• Why the "mutable default argument fix" syntax is so ugly, asks python newbie

  - by Cawas

  Now following my series of "python newbie questions" and based on another question. Go to http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html#other-languages-have-variables and scroll down to "Default Parameter Values". There you can find the following: def bad_append(new_item, a_list=[]): a_list.append(new_item) return a_list def good_append(new_item, a_list=None): if a_list is None: a_list = [] a_list.append(new_item) return a_list So, question here is: why is the "good" syntax over a known issue ugly like that in a programming language that promotes "elegant syntax" and "easy-to-use"? Why not just something in the definition itself, that the "argument" name is attached to a "localized" mutable object like: def better_append(new_item, a_list=[].local): a_list.append(new_item) return a_list I'm sure there would be a better way to do this syntax, but I'm also almost positive there's a good reason to why it hasn't been done. So, anyone happens to know why?

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• Use HTTParty methods in a subclass

  - by cpjolicoeur

  I'm trying to write an API wrapper in ruby and am stumped on how I can call HTTParty methods from a subclass. For instance, I want the user to create a connection to the api and then be able to query results from subclasses. module ApiWrapper class Connection include HTTParty base_uri '...' def initialize( u, p ) ... end def contacts ApiWrapper::Contact end end end module ApiWrapper class Contact def all # issue httparty get request here that is created from the Connection class end end end ## The user would do this conn = ApiWrapper::Connection.new( 'username', 'password' ) contacts = conn.contacts.all

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• sampling integers uniformly efficiently in python using numpy/scipy

  - by user248237

  I have a problem where depending on the result of a random coin flip, I have to sample a random starting position from a string. If the sampling of this random position is uniform over the string, I thought of two approaches to do it: one using multinomial from numpy.random, the other using the simple randint function of Python standard lib. I tested this as follows: from numpy import * from numpy.random import multinomial from random import randint import time def use_multinomial(length, num_points): probs = ones(length)/float(length) for n in range(num_points): result = multinomial(1, probs) def use_rand(length, num_points): for n in range(num_points): rand(1, length) def main(): length = 1700 num_points = 50000 t1 = time.time() use_multinomial(length, num_points) t2 = time.time() print "Multinomial took: %s seconds" %(t2 - t1) t1 = time.time() use_rand(length, num_points) t2 = time.time() print "Rand took: %s seconds" %(t2 - t1) if __name__ == '__main__': main() The output is: Multinomial took: 6.58072400093 seconds Rand took: 2.35189199448 seconds it seems like randint is faster, but it still seems very slow to me. Is there a vectorized way to get this to be much faster, using numpy or scipy? thanks.

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• Custom login in Django

  - by alpgs

  Django newbie here. I wrote simplified login form which takes email and password. It works great if both email and password are supplied, but if either is missing i get KeyError exception. According to django documentation this should never happen: By default, each Field class assumes the value is required, so if you pass an empty value -- either None or the empty string ("") -- then clean() will raise a ValidationError exception I tried to write my own validators for fields (clean_email and clean_password), but it doesn't work (ie I get KeyError exception). What am I doing wrong? class LoginForm(forms.Form): email = forms.EmailField(label=_(u'Your email')) password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, label=_(u'Password')) def clean_email(self): data = self.cleaned_data['email'] if not data: raise forms.ValidationError(_("Please enter email")) return data def clean_password(self): data = self.cleaned_data['password'] if not data: raise forms.ValidationError(_("Please enter your password")) return data def clean(self): try: username = User.objects.get(email__iexact=self.cleaned_data['email']).username except User.DoesNotExist: raise forms.ValidationError(_("No such email registered")) password = self.cleaned_data['password'] self.user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) if self.user is None or not self.user.is_active: raise forms.ValidationError(_("Email or password is incorrect")) return self.cleaned_data

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• Tkinter Packing Strangeness: Buttons packed above others

  - by Parand

  I'm sure I'm doing something obvious wrong here, but I can't see it. I end up with the "Should be on top" label packed at the bottom instead of at the top. What am I doing wrong? from Tkinter import * class SelectAction(Frame): buttons = {} def callback(self): print "Callback" def createWidgets(self): logo_label = Label(text="Should be on top").pack(fill=X) for name, text, callback in ( ('setup_account', 'Account Settings', self.callback), ('do_action', 'Do Something', self.callback), ): self.buttons[name] = Button(self, text=text, command=callback).pack(fill=X) def __init__(self, master=None): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.pack() self.createWidgets() if __name__ == "__main__": root = Tk() app = SelectAction(master=root) app.mainloop() root.destroy()

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• How to replace a Widget with another using Qt ?

  - by Natim

  Hi, I have an QHBoxLayout with a QTreeWidget on the left, a separator on the middle and a widget on the right. When I click on the QTreeWidget, I want to change the widget on the right to modify the QTreeWidgetItem I tried to do this with this code : def new_rendez_vous(self): self.ui.horizontalLayout_4.removeWidget(self.ui.editionFormWidget) del self.ui.editionFormWidget self.ui.editionFormWidget = RendezVousManagerDialog(self.parent) self.ui.editionFormWidget.show() self.ui.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.ui.editionFormWidget) self.connect(self.ui.editionFormWidget, QtCore.SIGNAL('saved'), self.scheduleTreeWidget.updateData) def edit(self, category, rendez_vous): self.ui.horizontalLayout_4.removeWidget(self.ui.editionFormWidget) del self.ui.editionFormWidget self.ui.editionFormWidget = RendezVousManagerDialog(self.parent, category, rendez_vous) self.ui.editionFormWidget.show() self.ui.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.ui.editionFormWidget) self.connect(self.ui.editionFormWidget, QtCore.SIGNAL('saved'), self.scheduleTreeWidget.updateData) def edit_category(self, category): self.ui.horizontalLayout_4.removeWidget(self.ui.editionFormWidget) del self.ui.editionFormWidget self.ui.editionFormWidget = CategoryManagerDialog(self.parent, category) self.ui.editionFormWidget.show() self.ui.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.ui.editionFormWidget) self.connect(self.ui.editionFormWidget, QtCore.SIGNAL('saved'), self.scheduleTreeWidget.updateData) But it doesn't work and all the widgets are stacked up on each other : . Do you know how I can remove the old widget and next display the new one ?

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• How to control a subthread process in python?

  - by SpawnCxy

  Code first: '''this is main structure of my program''' from twisted.web import http from twisted.protocols import basic import threading threadstop = False #thread trigger,to be done class MyThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.start() def run(self): while True: if threadstop: return dosomething() '''def some function''' if __name__ == '__main__': from twisted.internet import reactor t = MyThread() reactor.listenTCP(serverport,myHttpFactory()) reactor.run() As my first multithread program,I feel happy that it works as expected.But now I find I cannot control it.If I run it on front,Control+C can only stop the main process,and I can still find it in processlist;if I run it in background,I have to use kill -9 pid to stop it.And I wonder if there's a way to control the subthread process by a trigger variale,or a better way to stop the whole process other than kill -9.Thanks.

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• Are Python properties broken?

  - by jacob

  How can it be that this test case import unittest class PropTest(unittest.TestCase): def test(self): class C(): val = 'initial val' def get_p(self): return self.val def set_p(self, prop): if prop == 'legal val': self.val = prop prop=property(fget=get_p, fset=set_p) c=C() self.assertEqual('initial val', c.prop) c.prop='legal val' self.assertEqual('legal val', c.prop) c.prop='illegal val' self.assertNotEqual('illegal val', c.prop) fails as below? Failure Traceback (most recent call last): File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 279, in run testMethod() File "/Users/jacob/aau/admissions_proj/admissions/plain_old_unit_tests.py", line 24, in test self.assertNotEqual('illegal val', c.prop) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 358, in failIfEqual (msg or '%r == %r' % (first, second)) AssertionError: 'illegal val' == 'illegal val'

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• Remapping design issue

  - by Sirupsen

  Hello, I'm currently developing a Ruby Gem and I'm a bit lost on the design currently. Basically, I'm remapping some APIs, so my skeleton is something like this: module MyApp module SomeApi class Function > Base::Function ... end class Function2 > Base::Function2 ... end ... end module SomeApi2 ... end class RemappedFunction def initalize # set some values and stuf ... end def remapped_method # Problem: # How would I know, if I should take contact to # SomeApi, or SomeApi2? end end def interact_with(api) # What would be the best way of letting RemappedFunction # know which API to use? end end someapi2 = MyApp.interact_with(:someapi2) someapi2.remapped_method Any ideas?

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• Grails Unit testing a function with session object

  - by Suganthan

  I having a Controller like def testFunction(testCommand cmdObj) { if (cmdObj.hasErrors()) { render(view: "testView", model: [cmdObj:cmdObj]) return } else { try { testService.testFunction(cmdObj.var1, cmdObj.var2, session.user.username as String) flash.message = message(code: 'message') redirect url: createLink(mapping: 'namedUrl') } catch (GeneralException error) { render(view: "testView", model: [cmdObj:cmdObj]) return } } } For the above controller function I having a Unit test function like: def "test function" () { controller.session.user.username = "testUser" def testCommandOj = new testCommand( var1:var1, var2:var2, var3:var3, var4:var4 ) testService service = Mock(testService) controller.testService = service service.testFunction(var2,var3,var4) when: controller.testFunction(testCommandOj) then: view == "testView" assertTrue model.cmdObj.hasErrors() where: var1 | var2 | var3 | var4 "testuser" | "word@3" | "word@4" | "word@4" } When running this test function I getting the error like Cannot set property 'username' on null object, means I couldn't able to set up the session object. Can someone help to fix this. Thanks in advance

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• Can someone exaplain me implicit parameters in Scala?

  - by Oscar Reyes

  And more specifically how does the BigInt works for convert int to BigInt? In the source code it reads: ... implicit def int2bigInt(i: Int): BigInt = apply(i) ... How is this code invoked? I can understand how this other sample: "Date literals" works. In. val christmas = 24 Dec 2010 Defined by: implicit def dateLiterals(date: Int) = new { import java.util.Date def Dec(year: Int) = new Date(year, 11, date) } When int get's passed the message Dec with an int as parameter, the system looks for another method that can handle the request, in this case Dec(year:Int) Q1. Am I right in my understanding of Date literals? Q2. How does it apply to BigInt? Thanks

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• Carrierwave upload to a tmp dir before saving to database

  - by user827570

  I'm trying to build a visual editor where users can click an image they are presented with an image upload form once the upload is done I use ajax to return the image and insert it back into the page. But the above method inserts the image straight into the database but I want users to be able to visualize the image before the image is inserted into the database. So I was wondering if the image using carrierwave could be uploaded to a temp location, sent back to the user and then when the user saves the page the image is moved into the permanent location. Here's what I have so far. def edit_image @page = Page.find(1) @page.update_attributes(params[:page]) @page.save return :text => @page.file end But this is what I want to achieve def temp_image #uploads received image to a temp location #returns image to the user end And once the user clicks save def save #moves the file in the temp folder to the permanent location end Cheers

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• Rails routes and model woes

  - by Chris Maness

  I'm a little new to rails sorry if this seems basic Alright so here's the deal I'm creating an application that will have many users and all the users have many songs. However when I try to create a song I get the following error:No action responded to 1. Actions: create and new and my browser is at the url: http://0.0.0.0:3000/users/1/songs which is not the correct route it should have redirected to songs/create Here is my controller code: class SongsController < ApplicationController def index @user = current_user @songs = @user.songs end def new @user = current_user @song = @user.songs.build end def create @user = current_user @song = @user.songs.build(params[:song]) if @song.save redirect_to user_song_url(@user, @song) else render :action => "new" end end end If anyone can help I would greatly appreciate it.

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• after_create :create a new line in DB

  - by Karl Entwistle

  Hey guys I was wondering if anyone could help me with an issue im having, basically id like to have Account.create after a PayPal notification is received, There is a simple cart model which corresponds to line_items within the cart so add_account_to_market would look like this in pseudo code def add_account_to_market if status == "Completed" find the line items(via cart_id) that correspond to the cart.id that just been paid create an account with user_id set to the current carts user id end end Ive never tried to do something like this in Rails and its not working, Ive been pulling my hair out all night trying to fix this, hopefully someone can help or point me in the right direction. Thanks :) class PaymentNotification < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :cart serialize :params after_create :mark_cart_as_purchased after_create :add_account_to_market private def mark_cart_as_purchased if status == "Completed" cart.update_attribute(:purchased_at, Time.now) cart.update_attribute(:paid, true) end end def add_account_to_market if status == "Completed" l = LineItem.find(:all, :conditions => "cart_id = '#{cart.id}'") for l.quantity Account.new(:user_id => cart.user_id) end end end end PS mark_cart_as_purchased method is working fine, its just the add_account_to_market im having issues with.

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• How do I read user input in python thread?

  - by Sid H

  I'm trying to read from a thread in python as follows import threading, time, random var = True class MyThread(threading.Thread): def set_name(self, name): self.name = name def run(self): global var while var == True: print "In mythread " + self.name time.sleep(random.randint(2,5)) class MyReader(threading.Thread): def run(self): global var while var == True: input = raw_input("Quit?") if input == "q": var = False t1 = MyThread() t1.set_name("One") t2 = MyReader() t1.start() t2.start() However, if I enter 'q', I see the following error. In mythread One Quit?q Exception in thread Thread-2: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.6/threading.py", line 522, in __bootstrap_inner self.run() File "test.py", line 20, in run input = raw_input("Quit?") EOFError In mythread One In mythread One How does on get user input from a thread?

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• Rails 3 routing - what's best practice?

  - by Mattias

  Hi guys, I'm trying out Rails, and I've stumbled across an issue with my routing. I have a controller named "Account" (singular), which should handle various settings for the currently logged in user. class AccountController < ApplicationController def index end def settings end def email_settings end end How would I set-up the routes for this in a proper manner? At the moment I have: match 'account(/:action)', :to => 'account', :as => 'account' This however does not automagically produce methods like account_settings_path but only account_path Is there any better practice of doing this? Remember the Account controller doesn't represent a controller for an ActiveModel. If this is in fact the best practice, how would I generate links in my views for the actions? url_to :controller => :account, :action => :email_settings ? Thanks!

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• proper Django ORM syntax to make this code work in MySQL

  - by gtujan

  I have the following django code working on an sqlite database but for some unknown reason I get a syntax error if I change the backend to MySQL...does django's ORM treat filtering differently in MySQL? def wsjson(request,imei): wstations = WS.objects.annotate(latest_wslog_date=Max('wslog__date'),latest_wslog_time=Max('wslog__time')) logs = WSLog.objects.filter(date__in=[b.latest_wslog_date for b in wstations],time__in=[b.latest_wslog_time for b in wstations],imei__exact=imei) data = serializers.serialize('json',logs) return HttpResponse(data,'application/javascript') The code basically gets the latest logs from WSlog corresponding to each record in WS and serializes it to json. Models are defined as: class WS(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20) imei = models.CharField(max_length=15) description = models.TextField() def __unicode__(self): return self.name class WSLog(models.Model): imei = models.CharField(max_length=15) date = models.DateField() time = models.TimeField() data1 = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=3) data2 = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=3) WS = models.ForeignKey(WS) def __unicode__(self): return self.imei

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• Active Record like functionality on array instance variable

  - by rube_noob

  I would like to write a module that provides active record like functionality on an array instance variable. Examples of its use would be x = Container.new x.include(ContainerModule) x.elements << Element.new x.elements.find id module ContainerModule def initialize(*args) @elements = [] class << @elements def <<(element) #do something with the Container... super(element) end def find(id) #find an element using the Container's id self #=> #<Array..> but I need #<Container..> end end super(*args) end end The problem is that I need the Container object within these methods. Any reference to self will return the Array, not the Container object. Is there any way to do this? Thanks!

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• getting global name not defined error

  - by nashr rafeeg

  i have the following class class notify(): def __init__(self,server="localhost", port=23053): self.host = server self.port = port register = gntp.GNTPRegister() register.add_header('Application-Name',"SVN Monitor") register.add_notification("svnupdate",True) growl(register) def svn_update(self, author="Unknown", files=0): notice = gntp.GNTPNotice() notice.add_header('Application-Name',"SVN Monitor") notice.add_header('Notification-Name', "svnupdate") notice.add_header('Notification-Title',"SVN Commit") # notice.add_header('Notification-Icon',"") notice.add_header('Notification-Text',Msg) growl(notice) def growl(data): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((self.host,self.port)) s.send(data) response = gntp.parse_gntp(s.recv(1024)) print response s.close() but when ever i try to use this class via the follwoing code i get 'NameError: global name 'growl' is not defined' from growlnotify import * n = notify() n.svn_update() any one has an idea what is going on here ? cheers nash

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• How to test the XML sent to a web service in Ruby/Rails

  - by Jason Langenauer

  I'm looking for the best way to write unit test for code that POSTs to an external web service. The body of the POST request is an XML document which describes the actions and data for the web service to perform. Now, I've wrapped the webservice in its own class (similar to ActiveResource), and I can't see any way to test the exact XML being generated by the class without breaking encapsulation by exposing some of the internal XML generation as public methods on the class. This seems to be a code smell - from the point-of-view of the users of the class, they should not know, nor care, how the class actually implements the web service call, be it with XML, JSON or carrier pigeons. For an example of the class: class Resource def new #initialize the class end def save! Http.post("http://webservice.com", self.to_xml) end private def to_xml # returns an XML representation of self end end I want to be able to test the XML generated to ensure it conforms to what the specs for the web service are expecting. So can I best do this, without making to_xml a public method?

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• mocking command object in grails controller results in hasErrors() return false no matter what! Plea

  - by egervari

  I have a controller that uses a command object in a controller action. When mocking this command object in a grails' controller unit test, the hasErrors() method always returns false, even when I am purposefully violating its constraints. def save = { RegistrationForm form -> if(form.hasErrors()) { // code block never gets executed } else { // code block always gets executed } } In the test itself, I do this: mockCommandObject(RegistrationForm) def form = new RegistrationForm(emailAddress: "ken.bad@gmail", password: "secret", confirmPassword: "wrong") controller.save(form) I am purposefully giving it a bad email address, and I am making sure the password and the confirmPassword properties are different. In this case, hasErrors() should return true... but it doesn't. I don't know how my testing can be any where reliable if such a basic thing does not work :/ Here is the RegistrationForm class, so you can see the constraints I am using: class RegistrationForm { def springSecurityService String emailAddress String password String confirmPassword String getEncryptedPassword() { springSecurityService.encodePassword(password) } static constraints = { emailAddress(blank: false, email: true) password(blank: false, minSize:4, maxSize: 10) confirmPassword(blank: false, validator: { confirmPassword, form -> confirmPassword == form.password }) } }

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