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• Handling incremental Data Modeling Changes in Functional Programming

  - by Adam Gent

  Most of the problems I have to solve in my job as a developer have to do with data modeling. For example in a OOP Web Application world I often have to change the data properties that are in a object to meet new requirements. If I'm lucky I don't even need to programmatically add new "behavior" code (functions,methods). Instead I can declarative add validation and even UI options by annotating the property (Java). In Functional Programming it seems that adding new data properties requires lots of code changes because of pattern matching and data constructors (Haskell, ML). How do I minimize this problem? This seems to be a recognized problem as Xavier Leroy states nicely on page 24 of "Objects and Classes vs. Modules" - To summarize for those that don't have a PostScript viewer it basically says FP languages are better than OOP languages for adding new behavior over data objects but OOP languages are better for adding new data objects/properties. Are there any design pattern used in FP languages to help mitigate this problem? I have read Phillip Wadler's recommendation of using Monads to help this modularity problem but I'm not sure I understand how?

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• Which linear programming package should I use for high numbers of constraints and "warm starts"

  - by davidsd

  I have a "continuous" linear programming problem that involves maximizing a linear function over a curved convex space. In typical LP problems, the convex space is a polytope, but in this case the convex space is piecewise curved -- that is, it has faces, edges, and vertices, but the edges aren't straight and the faces aren't flat. Instead of being specified by a finite number of linear inequalities, I have a continuously infinite number. I'm currently dealing with this by approximating the surface by a polytope, which means discretizing the continuously infinite constraints into a very large finite number of constraints. I'm also in the situation where I'd like to know how the answer changes under small perturbations to the underlying problem. Thus, I'd like to be able to supply an initial condition to the solver based on a nearby solution. I believe this capability is called a "warm start." Can someone help me distinguish between the various LP packages out there? I'm not so concerned with user-friendliness as speed (for large numbers of constraints), high-precision arithmetic, and warm starts. Thanks!

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• Database Functional Programming in Clojure

  - by Ralph

  "It is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail." - Abraham Maslow I need to write a tool to dump a large hierarchical (SQL) database to XML. The hierarchy consists of a Person table with subsidiary Address, Phone, etc. tables. I have to dump thousands of rows, so I would like to do so incrementally and not keep the whole XML file in memory. I would like to isolate non-pure function code to a small portion of the application. I am thinking that this might be a good opportunity to explore FP and concurrency in Clojure. I can also show the benefits of immutable data and multi-core utilization to my skeptical co-workers. I'm not sure how the overall architecture of the application should be. I am thinking that I can use an impure function to retrieve the database rows and return a lazy sequence that can then be processed by a pure function that returns an XML fragment. For each Person row, I can create a Future and have several processed in parallel (the output order does not matter). As each Person is processed, the task will retrieve the appropriate rows from the Address, Phone, etc. tables and generate the nested XML. I can use a a generic function to process most of the tables, relying on database meta-data to get the column information, with special functions for the few tables that need custom processing. These functions could be listed in a map(table name -> function). Am I going about this in the right way? I can easily fall back to doing it in OO using Java, but that would be no fun. BTW, are there any good books on FP patterns or architecture? I have several good books on Clojure, Scala, and F#, but although each covers the language well, none look at the "big picture" of function programming design.

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• Are functional programming languages good for practical tasks?

  - by Clueless

  It seems to me from my experimenting with Haskell, Erlang and Scheme that functional programming languages are a fantastic way to answer scientific questions. For example, taking a small set of data and performing some extensive analysis on it to return a significant answer. It's great for working through some tough Project Euler questions or trying out the Google Code Jam in an original way. At the same time it seems that by their very nature, they are more suited to finding analytical solutions than actually performing practical tasks. I noticed this most strongly in Haskell, where everything is evaluated lazily and your whole program boils down to one giant analytical solution for some given data that you either hard-code into the program or tack on messily through Haskell's limited IO capabilities. Basically, the tasks I would call 'practical' such as Aceept a request, find and process requested data, and return it formatted as needed seem to translate much more directly into procedural languages. The most luck I have had finding a functional language that works like this is Factor, which I would liken to a reverse-polish-notation version of Python. So I am just curious whether I have missed something in these languages or I am just way off the ball in how I ask this question. Does anyone have examples of functional languages that are great at performing practical tasks or practical tasks that are best performed by functional languages?

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• Programming style question on how to code functions

  - by shawnjan

  Hey all! So, I was just coding a bit today, and I realized that I don't have much consistency when it comes to a coding style when programming functions. One of my main concerns is whether or not its proper to code it so that you check that the input of the user is valid OUTSIDE of the function, or just throw the values passed by the user into the function and check if the values are valid in there. Let me sketch an example: I have a function that lists hosts based on an environment, and I want to be able to split the environment into chunks of hosts. So an example of the usage is this: listhosts -e testenv -s 2 1 This will get all the hosts from the "testenv", split it up into two parts, and it is displaying part one. In my code, I have a function that you pass it in a list, and it returns a list of lists based on you parameters for splitting. BUT, before I pass it a list, I first verify the parameters in my MAIN during the getops process, so in the main I check to make sure there are no negatives passed by the user, I make sure the user didnt request to split into say, 4 parts, but asking to display part 5 (which would not be valid), etc. tl;dr: Would you check the validity of a users input the flow of you're MAIN class, or would you do a check in your function itself, and either return a valid response in the case of valid input, or return NULL in the case of invalid input? Obviously both methods work, I'm just interested to hear from experts as to which approach is better :) Thanks for any comments and suggestions you guys have!

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• Flowcharting functional programming languages

  - by Sadface

  Flowcharting. This ancient old practice that's been in use for over 1000 years now, being forced upon us poor students, without any usefulness (or so do I think). It might work well with imperative, sequentially running languages, but what about my beloved functional programming? Sadly, I'm forced to create a flow chart for my programm (that is written in Haskell). I imagine it being easy for something like this: main :: IO () main = do someInput <- getLine let upped = map toUpper someInput putStrLn upped Which is just 3 sequenced steps, fetching data, uppercasing it, outputting it. Things look worse this time: main :: IO () main = do someInput <- fmap toUpper getLine putStrLn someInput Or like this: main :: IO () main = interact (map toUpper) Okay, that was IO, you can handle that like an imperative language. What about pure functions? An actual example: onlyMatching :: String -> [FilePath] -> [FilePath] onlyMatching ext = filter f where f name = lower ('.' : ext) == (lower . takeExtension $ name) lower = map toLower How would you flowchart that last one?

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• Dynamic programming Approach- Knapsack Puzzle

  - by idalsin

  I'm trying to solve the Knapsack problem with the dynamical programming(DP) approach, with Python 3.x. My TA pointed us towards this code for a head start. I've tried to implement it, as below: def take_input(infile): f_open = open(infile, 'r') lines = [] for line in f_open: lines.append(line.strip()) f_open.close() return lines def create_list(jewel_lines): #turns the jewels into a list of lists jewels_list = [] for x in jewel_lines: weight = x.split()[0] value = x.split()[1] jewels_list.append((int(value), int(weight))) jewels_list = sorted(jewels_list, key = lambda x : (-x[0], x[1])) return jewels_list def dynamic_grab(items, max_weight): table = [[0 for weight in range(max_weight+1)] for j in range(len(items)+1)] for j in range(1,len(items)+1): val= items[j-1][0] wt= items[j-1][1] for weight in range(1, max_weight+1): if wt > weight: table[j][weight] = table[j-1][weight] else: table[j][weight] = max(table[j-1][weight],table[j-1][weight-wt] + val) result = [] weight = max_weight for j in range(len(items),0,-1): was_added = table[j][weight] != table[j-1][weight] if was_added: val = items[j-1][0] wt = items[j-1][1] result.append(items[j-1]) weight -= wt return result def totalvalue(comb): #total of a combo of items totwt = totval = 0 for val, wt in comb: totwt += wt totval += val return (totval, -totwt) if totwt <= max_weight else (0,0) #required setup of variables infile = "JT_test1.txt" given_input = take_input(infile) max_weight = int(given_input[0]) given_input.pop(0) jewels_list = create_list(given_input) #test lines print(jewels_list) print(greedy_grab(jewels_list, max_weight)) bagged = dynamic_grab(jewels_list, max_weight) print(totalvalue(bagged)) The sample case is below. It is in the format line[0] = bag_max, line[1:] is in form(weight, value): 575 125 3000 50 100 500 6000 25 30 I'm confused as to the logic of this code in that it returns me a tuple and I'm not sure what the output tuple represents. I've been looking at this for a while and just don't understand what the code is pointing me at. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Why can't we have a single programming Language ? [closed]

  - by Kiran

  I am no expert in Programming Languages. But whenever I change the project, I am faced with Herculean challenge of learning the new programming language which takes weeks to master if not months.. With the previous experience of programming in different languages, I believe it takes few months of continuous programming to understand the amazing features the prog.language has to offer and to exploit. It makes me wonder, why cannot we have a single programming language which boasts all the amazing features from the existing programming language and make it mandatory for all the programmers to learn it.

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• Book Review: Programming Windows Identity Foundation

  - by DigiMortal

  Programming Windows Identity Foundation by Vittorio Bertocci is right now the only serious book about Windows Identity Foundation available. I started using Windows Identity Foundation when I made my first experiments on Windows Azure AppFabric Access Control Service. I wanted to generalize the way how people authenticate theirselves to my systems and AppFabric ACS seemed to me like good point where to start. My first steps trying to get things work opened the door to whole new authentication world for me. As I went through different blog postings and articles to get more information I discovered that the thing I am trying to use is the one I am looking for. As best security API for .NET was found I wanted to know more about it and this is how I found Programming Windows Identity Foundation. What’s inside? Programming WIF focuses on architecture, design and implementation of WIF. I think Vittorio is very good at teaching people because you find no too complex topics from the book. You learn more and more as you read and as a good thing you will find that you can also try out your new knowledge on WIF immediately. After giving good overview about WIF author moves on and introduces how to use WIF in ASP.NET applications. You will get complete picture how WIF integrates to ASP.NET request processing pipeline and how you can control the process by yourself. There are two chapters about ASP.NET. First one is more like introduction and the second one goes deeper and deeper until you have very good idea about how to use ASP.NET and WIF together, what issues you may face and how you can configure and extend WIF. Other two chapters cover using WIF with Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) band   Windows Azure. WCF chapter expects that you know WCF very well. This is not introductory chapter for beginners, this is heavy reading if you are not familiar with WCF. The chapter about Windows Azure describes how to use WIF in cloud applications. Last chapter talks about some future developments of WIF and describer some problems and their solutions. Most interesting part of this chapter is section about Silverlight. Who should read this book? Programming WIF is targeted to developers. It does not matter if you are beginner or old bullet-proof professional – every developer should be able to be read this book with no difficulties. I don’t recommend this book to administrators and project managers because they find almost nothing that is related to their work. I strongly recommend this book to all developers who are interested in modern authentication methods on Microsoft platform. The book is written so well that I almost forgot all things around me when I was reading the book. All additional tools you need are free. There is also Azure AppFabric ACS test version available and you can try it out for free. Table of contents Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Part I Windows Identity Foundation for Everybody 1 Claims-Based Identity 2 Core ASP.NET Programming Part II Windows Identity Foundation for Identity Developers 3 WIF Processing Pipeline in ASP.NET 4 Advanced ASP.NET Programming 5 WIF and WCF 6 WIF and Windows Azure 7 The Road Ahead Index

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• Embedded Prolog Interpreter/Compiler for Java

  - by Sami

  I'm working on an application in Java, that needs to do some complex logic rule deductions as part of its functionality. I'd like to code my logic deductions in Prolog or some other logic/constraint programming language, instead of Java, as I believe the resulting code will be significantly simpler and more maintainable. I Googled for embedded Java implementations on Prolog, and found number of them, each with very little documentation. My (modest) selection criteria are: should be embeddable in Java (e.g. can be bundled up with my java package instead of requiring any native installations on external programs) simple interface to use from Java (for initiating deductions, inspecting results, and adding rules) come with at least a few examples on how to use it doesn't necessarely have to be Prolog, but other logic/constraint programming languages with the above criteria would suit my needs, too. What choices do I have and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

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• Which useful alternative control structures do you know?

  - by bigown

  Similar question was closed on SO. Sometimes when we're programming, we find that some particular control structure would be very useful to us, but is not directly available in our programming language. What alternative control structures do you think are a useful way of organizing computation? The goal here is to get new ways of thinking about structuring code, in order to improve chunking and reasoning. You can create a wishful syntax/semantic not available now or cite a less known control structure on an existent programming language. Answers should give ideas for a new programming language or enhancing an actual language. Think of this as brainstorming, so post something you think is a crazy idea but it can be viable in some scenario. It's about imperative programming.

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• Cuda vs OpenCL - opinions

  - by Martin Beckett

  Interested in peoples opinions of Cuda vs openCL following NVidia's Cuda4 release. I had originally gone with openCL since cross platform, open standards are a good thing(tm). I assumed NVidia would fall into line as they had done with openGL. But having talked to some NVidia people, they (naturaly) claim that they will concentrate on CUDA and openCL is hampered by having committees and having to please everyone - like openGL. And with the new tools and libs in CUDA it's hard to argue with that. -I'm in a fairly technical market so I can require the users to have particular HW.

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• Where to find gtx560Ti driver for ubuntu 12.04?

  - by sam

  I found in this nvidia link : http://www.nvidia.com/object/linux-display-amd64-295.59-driver.html It says Linux x64 (AMD64/EM64T) Display Driver Version: 295.59 Certified Supported: NVS 5400M NVS 310 Quadro 410 GeForce GT 620M GeForce GT 640M GeForce GT 640M LE GeForce GT 650M GeForce GTX 660M GeForce GTX 670M GeForce GTX 675M GeForce GTX 555 GeForce GTX 560 SE GeForce GT 415 GeForce GTX 460 v2 Is that driver support for gtx560Ti? If not ,where is the proper driver? (I don't want to use the driver in ubuntu settings) Thank you~

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• Does FFMpeg support gpu acceleration of media encoding/decoding?

  - by Jason123

  I was wondering if ffmpeg supported gpu acceleration. I was reading on their websites and came across contradicting information. http://www.ffmpeg.org/general.html#Video-Codecs -H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 (VDPAU acceleration) http://ffmpeg.org/trac/ffmpeg/wiki/x264EncodingGuide -Will a graphics card make x264 encode faster? No. libx264 doesn't use them (at least not yet). There are some proprietary encoders that utilize the GPU, but that does not mean they are well optimized, though encoding time may be faster; and they might be worse than x264 anyway, and possibly slower. Regardless, FFmpeg today doesn't support any means of gpu encoding, outside of libx264. If not, is there any way to add gpu acceleration to h.264 encoding/decoding?

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• HLSL - Creating Shadows in 2D

  - by richard

  The way that I create shadows is by the following technique: http://www.catalinzima.com/2010/07/my-technique-for-the-shader-based-dynamic-2d-shadows/ But I have questions to HLSL. The way that I currently do it is, I have a black and white image, where Black means 'object', and white means 'nothing'. I then distort the image like in the tutorial. I do this with a pixel shader, but instead of rendering to the screen, I render to a texture, back to my application. I then take this, and create the shadows, and then send it back to the graphics card to undo the distortion, after the shadow has been added - this comes back and I have a stencil of shadow. I can put this ontop of the original image and send them back to the graphics card, which then puts them on the screen. To me this is alot of back and forth. Is there a way i can avoid this? The problem that I am having is that I need to basically go through all positions in the texture 3 times, and use the new new texture every time instead of the orginal one. I tried to read up on Passes, but i don't think that i am heading in the right direction there. Help?

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• How to have many Ubuntu workstations centrally managed?

  - by Richard Zak

  I have about a dozen Alienware workstations that are used for CUDA development and for execution of MPI jobs. What is the best way to manage them? I'd like to have something like an apt-get but for several systems, and a way to reimage a system simply and centrally. It seems that a combination of Landscape and Canonical's MAAS would be a good fit, but I need an open source solution. Any thoughts?

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• How do GameEngines stop Pixel Seams appearing in adjacent mesh boundaries due to FP imprecision?

  - by ufomorace

  Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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• How do I make Geany my default editor on Ubuntu?

  - by Programming Noob

  I actually want to change the default text editor on my Ubuntu 12.04 from nano to Geany. When I used this code: update-alternatives --config editor .. I don't see Geany in the list. So to add Geany, this is supposed to work right? update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/geany geany /usr/bin/geany 10 Also, on a side note, can you tell me if you would personally suggest me to change the default editor from nano to Geany, and why?

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• Which programming language to get into?

  - by user602479

  I'm ending my third term in a few weeks so I have some spare time coming up. I'd like to spend it seriously digging into programming. My problem: I'm not sure which language to begin with. Just to be clear, I don't want to start a language-y-compared-to-language-z discussion. There are a some other issues that play a major role. In my 5th term I'm going to be participating in a major practical course which will include either Java or C programming. It will take a lot of time and energy, as I found out while talking to a few students who passed the final exams (only 15% pass on their first try). Which practical course I will take is randomly decided. My skills so far are the absolute basics of Java and C programming. I know the different data types and how to handle them, objects, pointers, thread programming, etc. All of that is on a very low level, though. My question now is, what language should I start seriously practicing? Java: I did my first GUIs with this language. I'm familiar with Eclipse but I need a project to work on (which I don't have) to really keep me pushing. Besides that, I don't think it would help me if I have to do C in a year. C: As with Java, I can't think of a personal project to keep me working and keep me interested in programming. If I get assigned to Java in a year, this wouldn't give me any advantages either, would it? (No objects, etc.) Objective-C: I recently came up with this idea. I have a Mac; I'm not really familiar with Xcode but I have one or two personal projects I'd like to work on. Further, I would be working with objects (as in Java) and C language constructs which would both be great for this practical course in a year. What do you think I should begin with? Should I just stick to Java and hope for the best, force myself through C or start (nearly) completely from the beginning with Objective C? Maybe you folks could give me some good advice that would stop me from switching from one language to the next?

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• Where are run the Opengl commands?

  - by Lucas

  Hi, i'm programming a simple OpenGL program on a multi-core computer that has a GPU. The GPU is a simple GeForce with PhysX, CUDA and OpenGL 2.1 support. When i run this program, is the host CPU that executes OpenGL specific commands or the ones are directly transferred to the GPU ???

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• Newly compiled (patched with -ck) 3.3 kernel won't boot up

  - by Shiki

  Screen is garbled. Reaaaally garbled. Like some sort of scrambling image from a movie. I can upload some pictures if needed. To be short with the description. Here is my 3.3 + ck .config file: http://pastebin.com/aP2F9RcH The dmesg log of the failed kernel: http://pastebin.com/esc2Rtka The computer is a ThinkPad T500 laptop. I have selected everything needed for the computer (as far as I can tell, but check the .config). The normal generic Ubuntu kernel boots and works perfect!

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• Rendering a DOM across multiple displays

  - by meetamit

  I'm building a data-driven animation with HTML and javascript to run in a web browser. I would like to display it tiled across three 1080p monitors. This essentially yields a viewport that's 5760px wide and 1080px tall. Pretty large. Does anyone have experience setting up something like this? I have many questions below, but any tip would be appreciated: Is it reasonable to expect a DOM to render into such a large viewport size at close to 60fps? I might choose to use canvas, instead of SVG or HTML, but that would yield a giant canvas. Can a canvas with such high resolution be performant? Of course everything depends on the complexity of the graphics I want to render, but I'm looking to remove that factor from this question, so assume I'm asking about a canvas animation that can run at 60fps at 1920x1080 resolution. Would it run roughly as fast at 3 times the width? Would three.js and WebGL be a more proper approach at that resolution? How do you actually cause Chrome or FF to span 3 monitors at full screen? Do I need a 3rd party solution of any kind? Thanks!

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• Are VM-based languages becoming viable for Graphics since the move to GPU computing?

  - by skiwi

  Perhaps the title is not the most clear, so let me elaborate it more: I am talking about VM-based languages, by that I mean languages that run on the JVM (java) and for example C#. Also I am talking about 3D graphics, just to be clear. Lately the trend has been that most computing is being done on the GPU and not on the CPU, and since times the issue with programming games on a VM-based language is that garbage collecting may happen randomly. So let's take a look which is responsible for what: Showing the graphics: GPU Uploading graphics to the GPU: CPU? Needs to be done every frame? Calculating physics constraints: GPU Doing the real game logic (Determining when to move objects (independent of physics calculations), processing AI): CPU Is my list actually correct? And if it is, is for example Java becoming more viable? Or is uploading the graphics (vertices) still the most expensive operation? Would like to get more insight into this.

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• Which driver should I use with a 9600 GT Mobile?

  - by lisalisa

  I checked the Additional Drivers offered for my card and I saw four options: NVIDIA accelerated graphics drivers (version 173) NVIDIA accelerated graphics drivers (post-release updates) (version 173-updates) NVIDIA accelerated graphics drivers (version current) (Recommended) NVIDIA accelerated graphics drivers (post-release updates)(version current-updates) I'm not sure which one to pick. I want a driver that's stable but also takes advantage of my card's hardware.

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• Xen VGA passthrough: is it possible to have dual GPU's with single monitor

  - by user489481

  I hate dual-booting between Windows when I want to play a game and Linux when I need to work. I don't fancy running Linux in a VM and Wine almost never works for me. So, I'm thinking about buying a new mainboard and CPU that is compatible with Xen's VGA passthrough and HVM virtualization. I want to be able to switch between the Linux Dom0 and Windows DomU with ease, but the problem is I need two GPU's and have only one monitor. Right now I have a nVidia GTX 260 in my PC, but I also have a Radeon 4850 sitting in my closet that I was going to sell. My question is, can I salvage the Radeon card to run the Dom0 and have the nVidia card run the DomU while having some kind of device/software to connect them a single monitor? Power supply and airflow issues aside. If not, what would you suggest? Is this even possible?

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