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• What are some ways to texture map a terrain?

  - by ApocKalipsS

  I'm working with XNA on a 3D Game, and I'm trying to have a proper and nice environnement. I actually followed a tutorial to create a terrain from a heightmap. To texture it, I just apply a grass texture on it and tile it a number of times. But what I want to do is to have a really realistic texturing, but also generate it automatically (for example if I want to use Perlin noise to generate a terrain and then texture it). I already learned about multi-texturing, loading a map file with different colors for different textures, but I don't think this is really efficient, for instance for cliffs or very steep areas it will tile a texture badly as it's a view from the top. (Also, I don't know how I'll draw roads or dirt paths with that.) I'm looking for an efficient solution to realistically texture mapping procedurally-generated terrain.

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• World to Pixel Transformation

  - by D00d

  My objects have a location in world coordinates (basically 1.0f is a meter). If I simply draw my objects using their world coordinates, each meter will correspond to a pixel. Obviously that's not what I want. Now, I don't want to have to apply a transformation to each and every object's position when I draw them. As I happen to be using XNA, and spritebatch allows a Matrix to be passed in as an argument in it's begin method, I was wondering if there is a way to pass the World to Pixel transformation in there. Any suggestions? So far Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(zoom, zoom, 1)) puts the objects in their proper spot, but it also scales up the sprites. Is there a way to transform the position without enlarging the sprite? Thanks

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• How to draw a texture to a MS Terrain object - Farseer

  - by Brad

  I'm using Farseer to make a game in XNA and I can't seem to figure this out. I've decided to use MSTerrain for making my game's terrain because I wanted destructible terrain and MSTerrain seemed like the best bet. Unfortunately, I'm stumped on how to actually show the terrain. When I generate the terrain it's visible in debug view, but MSTerrain does not have a Draw method, so I'm wondering how it is supposed to be drawn to the screen? Is it worth pursuing? I'm starting to think that MSTerrain is more trouble than it's worth, is there another better way to do this with bodies? I appreciate any help you can give. Thanks.

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• How can I acheive a smooth 2D lighting effect?

  - by Cyral

  I'm making a tile based game in XNA. So currently my lightning looks like this: How can I get it to look like this? Instead of each block having its own tint, it has a smooth overlay. I'm assuming some sort of shader, and to tell it the lighting and blur it some how. But im not an expert with shaders. My current lighting calculates the light, and then passes it to a spritebatch and draws with a color parameter. EDIT: No longer uses spritebatch tint, I was testing and now pass parameters to set the light values. But still looking for a way to smooth it.

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• First Steps. Windows Phone game development

  - by anatoliiG

  I'm pretty new in game development. Have a couple ideas wich could be cool. First that comes to mind is to develop a 2D game (kinda puzzles) for Windows Phone Mango. You may ask: "Why Windows Phone?". I answer - I've got solid experience in Silverlight and C#. For me, this is a major advantage compared to other platforms. Please, give advice and suggestions about: What should I read? Best practices. Third party libraries. Silverlight(Only) vs XNA. Whatever I should pay attention to.

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• Multiple ( V- / I- ) Buffers, is it sane?

  - by Techie

  Currently I am developing an RTS game using XNA ( / ANX.Framework ). There is one thing bothers me. I am not sure in what way or how to organise Buffers. Should I use a new Vertexbuffer for any object ( e.g. a Char, a Table, an model ) or is it better to use ONE HUGE/ BIG Buffer to store any geometry in? I am still new to 3D Programming though I finished yet couple games using DirectX 9. Well, I hope this question qin't a duplicate and I appreciate any answer leading me into the right direction.

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• Multiply mode in SpriteBatch

  - by ashes999

  I have a "lighting" texture (black background with white or colours for lights) that I want to draw as a multiplcation operation. SpriteBatch.Begin can specify BlendState.Additive, but there's no BlendState.Multiplicative. I also tried the solution in this answer, but it didn't work -- even when I (incorrectly?) changed the code to work with XNA 4 style ColorDestinationBlend, I ended up with the final solution being inverted (black area where the light is, everything else is visible). I initially thought of a shader, but I couldn't get shaders to work with MonoGame, so I'm falling back to SpriteBatch.

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• Should I go with Android or Try Windows Phone 7?

  - by Omnion

  I already know C# and am familiar with XNA. So it would make sense to develop for the Windows Phone 7, but would it be worth while to learn Java, get familiar with Android, and instead develop for Android devices? Android has been around longer so it would probably have a larger user base. Is it really worth it to try to develop for one of the more popular mobile platforms. (Windows Phone 7 has been out for like a month?) I haven't tried either one yet though. I'm also going to buy a phone, so this decision would probably influence the phone that I buy. (to develop/test on)

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• How do I render an entire frame to a Texture2D?

  - by redcodefinal

  I asked a question here: C# XNA Make rendered screen a texture2d But, I ended up not getting the exact result I was looking for since I didn't ask the question right. In a game I am writing, I render an extremely large city out of objects, this can cause lag when moving the camera to view things that are off screen. I need a way to render then ENTIRE city, even the stuff that is off screen, and make it into a Texture2D. The answer I chose for the last one didn't work entirely right because it only gets what is on screen, not what is off.

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• What kind of performance issues does multiple instances of the exact same object have on a game?

  - by lggmonclar

  I'm fairly new to programming, and I've pretty much learned all the things I know on the go, while working on projects. The problem is that there some things that I just don't know where to begin searching. My question is about performance, and how can multiple instances of the same object affect it -- Specifically, I'm talking about XNA's "GraphicsDevice" class. I have it instanced on four different parts of my game, and in three of those, the object has the exact same values for all the attributes. So, in that case, should I be using the same instance of GraphicsDevice, passing it as a parameter, even if I use it in different classes? I apologize if the question seems redundant, but like I said, I've taught myself most of what I know, so there are quite a few "holes" in my learning process.

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• using per pixel collision for an elastic response

  - by Codejoy

  I realize this might be open ended ended but curious if I just did some over kill... I had this http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/tutorial/collision_2d_perpixel and i reworked it to work with my animation code in XNA and what not. It works well, but now I want to use this to decide if there was a collision and to have the items (characters) bounce off eachother elastically. Was the per pixel too much and I could of just used a bounding box ? (in fact would that of been preferred for what needs to be calculated in the response for an elastic collision?) Looking for guidance really.

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• Reasons why AppHub samples won't build?

  - by user13909

  I have an issue off of most downloaded projects where whenever I build it, VS2010 just crashes. I had this issue a while before, and it was widespread, I reinstalled, and it worked fine afterwards. If I create my own XNA project, and copy all of classes and assets over (which I admit, is super fun anyway) things build fine. But if I just download the project from here http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/roleplaying_game (RolePlayingGame_4_0_Win_Xbox.zip) and try to build, it automatically stops working, restarts, and reopens the project. If I Debug/Deploy to my Xbox, I do get a sucessful version to the Xbox, but VS2010 still stops and restarts. I've already repaired, and reinstalled again, still having the issue. Can anything think of plausible solutions?

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• MMORPG Server architecture: How to handle player input (messages/packets) while the server has to update many other things at the same time?

  - by Renann

  Yes, the question is is very difficult. This is more or less like what I'm thinking up to now: while(true) { if (hasMessage) { handleTheMessage(); } } But while I'm receiving the player's input, I also have objects that need to be updated or, of course, monsters walking (which need to have their locations updated on the game client everytime), among other things. What should I do? Make a thread to handle things that can't be stopped no matter what? Code an "else" in the infinity loop where I update the other things when I don't have player's input to handle? Or even: should I only update the things that at least one player can see? These are just suggestions... I'm really confused about it. If there's a book that covers these things, I'd like to know. It's not that important, but I'm using the Lidgren lib, C# and XNA to code both server and client. Thanks in advance.

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• Should the networking of my game be a component or a service?

  - by aalcutt

  I am working on a windows game and I am trying to understand the XNA GameComponents and GameServices classes and use. From what I understand about a component is that it has an Update method that gets call in every frame, and a service can be referenced from other components if needed. So the way I think a network component would work is that in its Update method it would receive and send data. It probably makes sense to receive the network data once per frame, but it doesn't for sending it. Shouldn't the game send its own updates to others the moment it has it to cut down on lag?

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• how to define a field of view for the entire map for shadow?

  - by Mehdi Bugnard

  I recently added "Shadow Mapping" in my XNA games to include shadows. I followed the nice and famous tutorial from "Riemers" : http://www.riemers.net/eng/Tutorials/XNA/Csharp/Series3/Shadow_map.php . This code work nice and I can see my source of light and shadow. But the problem is that my light source does not match the field of view that I created. I want the light covers the entire map of my game. I don't know why , but the light only affect 2-3 cubes of my map. ScreenShot: (the emission of light illuminates only 2-3 blocks and not the full map) Here is my code i create the fieldOfView for LightviewProjection Matrix: Vector3 lightDir = new Vector3(10, 52, 10); lightPos = new Vector3(10, 52, 10); Matrix lightsView = Matrix.CreateLookAt(lightPos, new Vector3(105, 50, 105), new Vector3(0, 1, 0)); Matrix lightsProjection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver2, 1f, 20f, 1000f); lightsViewProjectionMatrix = lightsView * lightsProjection; As you can see , my nearPlane and FarPlane are set to 20f and 100f . So i don't know why the light stop after 2 cubes. it's should be bigger Here is set the value to my custom effect HLSL in the shader file /* SHADOW VALUE */ effectWorld.Parameters["LightDirection"].SetValue(lightDir); effectWorld.Parameters["xLightsWorldViewProjection"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity * .lightsViewProjectionMatrix); effectWorld.Parameters["xWorldViewProjection"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity * arcadia.camera.View * arcadia.camera.Projection); effectWorld.Parameters["xLightPower"].SetValue(1f); effectWorld.Parameters["xAmbient"].SetValue(0.3f); Here is my custom HLSL shader effect file "*.fx" // This sample uses a simple Lambert lighting model. float3 LightDirection = normalize(float3(-1, -1, -1)); float3 DiffuseLight = 1.25; float3 AmbientLight = 0.25; uniform const float3 DiffuseColor = 1; uniform const float Alpha = 1; uniform const float3 EmissiveColor = 0; uniform const float3 SpecularColor = 1; uniform const float SpecularPower = 16; uniform const float3 EyePosition; // FOG attribut uniform const float FogEnabled ; uniform const float FogStart ; uniform const float FogEnd ; uniform const float3 FogColor ; float3 cameraPos : CAMERAPOS; texture Texture; sampler Sampler = sampler_state { Texture = (Texture); magfilter = LINEAR; minfilter = LINEAR; mipfilter = LINEAR; AddressU = mirror; AddressV = mirror; }; texture xShadowMap; sampler ShadowMapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <xShadowMap>; magfilter = LINEAR; minfilter = LINEAR; mipfilter = LINEAR; AddressU = clamp; AddressV = clamp; }; /* *************** */ /* SHADOW MAP CODE */ /* *************** */ struct SMapVertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Position2D : TEXCOORD0; }; struct SMapPixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; struct SSceneVertexToPixel { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Pos2DAsSeenByLight : TEXCOORD0; float2 TexCoords : TEXCOORD1; float3 Normal : TEXCOORD2; float4 Position3D : TEXCOORD3; }; struct SScenePixelToFrame { float4 Color : COLOR0; }; float DotProduct(float3 lightPos, float3 pos3D, float3 normal) { float3 lightDir = normalize(pos3D - lightPos); return dot(-lightDir, normal); } SSceneVertexToPixel ShadowedSceneVertexShader(float4 inPos : POSITION, float2 inTexCoords : TEXCOORD0, float3 inNormal : NORMAL) { SSceneVertexToPixel Output = (SSceneVertexToPixel)0; Output.Position = mul(inPos, xWorldViewProjection); Output.Pos2DAsSeenByLight = mul(inPos, xLightsWorldViewProjection); Output.Normal = normalize(mul(inNormal, (float3x3)World)); Output.Position3D = mul(inPos, World); Output.TexCoords = inTexCoords; return Output; } SScenePixelToFrame ShadowedScenePixelShader(SSceneVertexToPixel PSIn) { SScenePixelToFrame Output = (SScenePixelToFrame)0; float2 ProjectedTexCoords; ProjectedTexCoords[0] = PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.x / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w / 2.0f + 0.5f; ProjectedTexCoords[1] = -PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.y / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w / 2.0f + 0.5f; float diffuseLightingFactor = 0; if ((saturate(ProjectedTexCoords).x == ProjectedTexCoords.x) && (saturate(ProjectedTexCoords).y == ProjectedTexCoords.y)) { float depthStoredInShadowMap = tex2D(ShadowMapSampler, ProjectedTexCoords).r; float realDistance = PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.z / PSIn.Pos2DAsSeenByLight.w; if ((realDistance - 1.0f / 100.0f) <= depthStoredInShadowMap) { diffuseLightingFactor = DotProduct(xLightPos, PSIn.Position3D, PSIn.Normal); diffuseLightingFactor = saturate(diffuseLightingFactor); diffuseLightingFactor *= xLightPower; } } float4 baseColor = tex2D(Sampler, PSIn.TexCoords); Output.Color = baseColor*(diffuseLightingFactor + xAmbient); return Output; } SMapVertexToPixel ShadowMapVertexShader(float4 inPos : POSITION) { SMapVertexToPixel Output = (SMapVertexToPixel)0; Output.Position = mul(inPos, xLightsWorldViewProjection); Output.Position2D = Output.Position; return Output; } SMapPixelToFrame ShadowMapPixelShader(SMapVertexToPixel PSIn) { SMapPixelToFrame Output = (SMapPixelToFrame)0; Output.Color = PSIn.Position2D.z / PSIn.Position2D.w; return Output; } /* ******************* */ /* END SHADOW MAP CODE */ /* ******************* */ / For rendering without instancing. technique ShadowMap { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ShadowMapVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ShadowMapPixelShader(); } } technique ShadowedScene { /* pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VSBasicTx(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PSBasicTx(); } */ pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ShadowedSceneVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ShadowedScenePixelShader(); } } technique SimpleFog { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VSBasicTx(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PSBasicTx(); } } I edited my fx file , for show you only information and functions about the shadow ;-)

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• Distance between two 3D objects' faces

  - by Arthur Gibraltar

  I'm really newbie on programming and I'm making some tests. I couldn't find nowhere on Internet how could I calculate the distance between two 3D objects' faces. Is there anyway? Detailing, as an example, I have two 3D cubes. Each one has a vector3 position designating it's center on the 3D space and an orientation matrix. And each cube has a size (float width, float height and float length). I could get a simple distance between them by calling Vector3.Distance(), but it doesn't consider its sizes, just the position. Then the distance would be between its centers. Is there any way to calculate the distance between the faces? Thanks for any reply.

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• Character jump animation is not working when i hit the space bar

  - by muzzy

  i am having an issue with my game in XNA. My jump sprite sheet for my character does not trigger when i hit the space bar. I cant seem to find the problem. Please help me. I am also put the code below to make things easier. namespace WindowsGame4 { public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; // start of new code Texture2D playerWalk; // sprite sheet of walk cycle (14 frames) Texture2D idle; // idle animation Texture2D jump; // jump animation Vector2 playerPos; // to hold x and y position info for the player Point frameDimensions; // to hold width and height values for the frames int presentFrame; // to record which frame we are on at any given time int noOfFrames; // to hold the total number of frames in the spritesheet int elapsedTime; // to know how long each frame has been shown int frameDuration; // to hold info about how long each frame should be shown SpriteEffects flipDirection; // SpriteEffects object int speed; //rate of movement int upMovement; int downMovement; int rightMovement; int leftMovement; int jumpApex; string state; //this is going to be "idle","walking" or "jumping". KeyboardState previousKeyboardState; Vector2 originalPlayerPos; Vector2 movementDirection; Vector2 movementSpeed; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { // textures will be defined in the LoadContent() method playerPos = new Vector2(0, 200); // starting position for the player is at the left of the screen, and a Y position of 200 frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); // each frame in the idle sprite sheet is 55 wide by 65 high presentFrame = 0; // start at frame 0 noOfFrames = 5; // there are 5 frames in the idle cycle elapsedTime = 0; // set elapsed time to start at 0 frameDuration = 80; // 80 milliseconds is how long each frame will show for (the higher the number, the slower the animation) flipDirection = SpriteEffects.None; // set the value of flipDirection to none speed = 200; upMovement = -2; downMovement = 2; rightMovement = 1; leftMovement = -1; jumpApex = 100; state = "idle"; previousKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); originalPlayerPos = Vector2.Zero; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; movementSpeed = Vector2.Zero; base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); playerWalk = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/walkSmall"); // load the walk cycle spritesheet idle = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/idleCycle"); // load the idle cycle sprite sheet jump = Content.Load<Texture2D>("sprites/jump"); // load the jump cycle sprite sheet } protected override void UnloadContent() // we're not using this method at the moment { } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) // Update method - used it to call a number of other methods { if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) { this.Exit(); // Exit the game if the Escape key is pressed } KeyboardState presentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); UpdateMovement(presentKeyboardState, gameTime); UpdateIdle(presentKeyboardState, gameTime); UpdateJump(presentKeyboardState); UpdateAnimation(gameTime); playerPos += movementDirection * movementSpeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; previousKeyboardState = presentKeyboardState; base.Update(gameTime); } private void UpdateAnimation(GameTime gameTime) { elapsedTime += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds; if (elapsedTime > frameDuration) { elapsedTime -= frameDuration; elapsedTime = elapsedTime - frameDuration; presentFrame++; if (presentFrame > noOfFrames) if (state != "jumping") { presentFrame = 0; } else { presentFrame = 8; } } } protected void UpdateMovement(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState, GameTime gameTime) { if (state == "idle") { movementSpeed = Vector2.Zero; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { state = "walking"; movementSpeed.X = speed; movementDirection.X = leftMovement; flipDirection = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; } if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { state = "walking"; movementSpeed.X = speed; movementDirection.X = rightMovement; flipDirection = SpriteEffects.None; } } } private void UpdateIdle(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState, GameTime gameTime) { if ((presentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Left) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) || presentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Right) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) && state != "jumping")) { state = "idle"; } } private void UpdateJump(KeyboardState presentKeyboardState) { if (state == "walking" || state == "idle") { if (presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !presentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { presentFrame = 1; DoJump(); } } if (state == "jumping") { if (originalPlayerPos.Y - playerPos.Y > jumpApex) { movementDirection.Y = downMovement; } if (playerPos.Y > originalPlayerPos.Y) { playerPos.Y = originalPlayerPos.Y; state = "idle"; movementDirection = Vector2.Zero; } } } private void DoJump() { if (state != "jumping") { state = "jumping"; originalPlayerPos = playerPos; movementDirection.Y = upMovement; movementSpeed = new Vector2(speed, speed); } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) // Draw method { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); // begin the spritebatch if (state == "walking") { noOfFrames = 14; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); Vector2 playerWalkPos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(playerWalk, playerWalkPos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } if (state == "idle") { noOfFrames = 5; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 65); Vector2 idlePos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(idle, idlePos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } if (state == "jumping") { noOfFrames = 9; frameDimensions = new Point(55, 92); Vector2 jumpPos = new Vector2(playerPos.X, playerPos.Y - 28); spriteBatch.Draw(jump, jumpPos, new Rectangle((presentFrame * frameDimensions.X), 0, frameDimensions.X, frameDimensions.Y), Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, 1, flipDirection, 0); } spriteBatch.End(); // end the spritebatch commands base.Draw(gameTime); } } }

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• How do I make a jumping dolphin rotate realistically?

  - by Johnny

  I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. At the moment, my dolphin rotates a little weird. But I want that it rotates like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation += 0.01f; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation -= 0.01f; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation -= 0.01f; VelocityY += -10f; } else { rotation += 0.01f; VelocityY += -10f; } } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, rotation, new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } I changed my code a little. But I still have some trouble with the rotation. Here's the entire code. The dolphin looks at the wrong direction if I press the left or right key. For example, it looks down if I press the left key. What is wrong with the rotation? At the beginning, the dolphin looks at the left side, but after I pressed a key it just looks down or up. I deleted the "rotation += 0.01f;" lines in the code. Is that correct? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); Vector2 prevPos; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(Position.X - prevPos.X, Position.Y - prevPos.Y); prevPos = Position; // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { VelocityY += 40f; } else { VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { VelocityY += -10f; } else { VelocityY += -10f; } } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, rotation, new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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• Should smtp port be blocked on server?

  - by pdeva

  I have a newbie security related question. Should port 25 (smtp) be blocked by firewall on my server? Or will doing so mean that i cannot send any mail at all?

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• Jumping Vs. Gravity

  - by PhaDaPhunk

  Hi i'm working on my first XNA 2D game and I have a little problem. If I jump, my sprite jumps but does not fall down. And I also have another problem, the user can hold spacebar to jump as high as he wants and I don't know how to keep him from doing that. Here's my code: The Jump : if (FaKeyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { Jumping = true; xPosition -= new Vector2(0, 5); } if (xPosition.Y >= 10) { Jumping = false; Grounded = false; } The really simple basic Gravity: if (!Grounded && !Jumping) { xPosition += new Vector2(1, 3) * speed; } Here's where's the grounded is set to True or False with a Collision Rectangle MegamanRectangle = new Rectangle((int)xPosition.X, (int)xPosition.Y, FrameSizeDraw.X, FrameSizeDraw.Y); Rectangle Block1Rectangle = new Rectangle((int)0, (int)73, Block1.Width, Block1.Height); Rectangle Block2Rectangle = new Rectangle((int)500, (int)73, Block2.Width, Block2.Height); if ((MegamanRectangle.Intersects(Block1Rectangle) || (MegamanRectangle.Intersects(Block2Rectangle)))) { Grounded = true; } else { Grounded = false; } The grounded bool and The gravity have been tested and are working. Any ideas why? Thanks in advance and don't hesitate to ask if you need another Part of the Code.

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• Screen space to world space

  - by user13414

  I am writing a 2D game where my game world has x axis running left to right, y axis running top to bottom, and z axis out of the screen: Whilst my game world is top-down, the game is rendered on a slight tilt: I'm working on projecting from world space to screen space, and vice-versa. I have the former working as follows: var viewport = new Viewport(0, 0, this.ScreenWidth, this.ScreenHeight); var screenPoint = viewport.Project(worldPoint.NegateY(), this.ProjectionMatrix, this.ViewMatrix, this.WorldMatrix); The NegateY() extension method does exactly what it sounds like, since XNA's y axis runs bottom to top instead of top to bottom. The screenshot above shows this all working. Basically, I have a bunch of points in 3D space that I then render in screen space. I can modify camera properties in real time and see it animate to the new position. Obviously my actual game will use sprites rather than points and the camera position will be fixed, but I'm just trying to get all the math in place before getting to that. Now, I am trying to convert back the other way. That is, given an x and y point in screen space above, determine the corresponding point in world space. So if I point the cursor at, say, the bottom-left of the green trapezoid, I want to get a world space reading of (0, 480). The z coordinate is irrelevant. Or, rather, the z coordinate will always be zero when mapping back to world space. Essentially, I want to implement this method signature: public Vector2 ScreenPointToWorld(Vector2 point) I've tried several things to get this working but am just having no luck. My latest thinking is that I need to call Viewport.Unproject twice with differing near/far z values, calculate the resultant Ray, normalize it, then calculate the intersection of the Ray with a Plane that basically represents ground-level of my world. However, I got stuck on the last step and wasn't sure whether I was over-complicating things. Can anyone point me in the right direction on how to achieve this?

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• What is a good way to store tilemap data?

  - by Stephen Tierney

  I'm developing a 2D platformer with some uni friends. We've based it upon the XNA Platformer Starter Kit which uses .txt files to store the tile map. While this is simple it does not give us enough control and flexibility with level design. Some examples: for multiple layers of content multiple files are required, each object is fixed onto the grid, doesn't allow for rotation of objects, limited number of characters etc. So I'm doing some research into how to store the level data and map file. This concerns only the file system storage of the tile maps, not the data structure to be used by the game while it is running. The tile map is loaded into a 2D array, so this question is about which source to fill the array from. Reasoning for DB: From my perspective I see less redundancy of data using a database to store the tile data. Tiles in the same x,y position with the same characteristics can be reused from level to level. It seems like it would simple enough to write a method to retrieve all the tiles that are used in a particular level from the database. Reasoning for JSON/XML: Visually editable files, changes can be tracked via SVN a lot easier. But there is repeated content. Do either have any drawbacks (load times, access times, memory etc) compared to the other? And what is commonly used in the industry? Currently the file looks like this: .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .........GGG........ .........###........ .................... ....GGG.......GGG... ....###.......###... .................... .1................X. #################### 1 - Player start point, X - Level Exit, . - Empty space, # - Platform, G - Gem

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• Suggestions for implementing a dynamic 2D level

  - by Wouter

  I am working on a game that needs a level that is completely generated. Currently my approach is to draw textures for the levels pixel by pixel during the game (in XNA with SpriteBatch). This is too intensive unfortunately. The game has frame drops even when I only draw 1 level texture each draw cycle. Here is an example of the current prototype. It is a simple sidescroller with the avatar swimming through a cave. The shape of this cave will alter throughout the level (textures and physics collision shapes). You can clearly see the boundaries of the level tiles in the screenshot below. These are generated just before they move into camera view. For inspiration I looked at PixelJunk Shooter 2. These levels are obviously not generated, but some of the levels have movement. How do you guys think they implemented it? My guess is that the level and other objects in the game are actually flat 3d models, but I am not sure..

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• Improving SpriteBatch performance for tiles

  - by Richard Rast

  I realize this is a variation on what has got to be a common question, but after reading several (good answers) I'm no closer to a solution here. So here's my situation: I'm making a 2D game which has (among some other things) a tiled world, and so, drawing this world implies drawing a jillion tiles each frame (depending on resolution: it's roughly a 64x32 tile with some transparency). Now I want the user to be able to maximize the game (or fullscreen mode, actually, as its a bit more efficient) and instead of scaling textures (bleagh) this will just allow lots and lots of tiles to be shown at once. Which is great! But it turns out this makes upward of 2000 tiles on the screen each time, and this is framerate-limiting (I've commented out enough other parts of the game to make sure this is the bottleneck). It gets worse if I use multiple source rectangles on the same texture (I use a tilesheet; I believe changing textures entirely makes things worse), or if you tint the tiles, or whatever. So, the general question is this: What are some general methods for improving the drawing of thousands of repetitive sprites? Answers pertaining to XNA's SpriteBatch would be helpful but I'm equally happy with general theory. Also, any tricks pertaining to this situation in particular (drawing a tiled world efficiently) are also welcome. I really do want to draw all of them, though, and I need the SpriteMode.BackToFront to be active, because

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• Stencil mask with AlphaTestEffect

  - by Brendan Wanlass

  I am trying to pull off the following effect in XNA 4.0: http://eng.utah.edu/~brendanw/question.jpg The purple area has 50% opacity. I have gotten pretty close with the following code: public static DepthStencilState AlwaysStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Always, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Replace, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; public static DepthStencilState EqualStencilState = new DepthStencilState() { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.Keep, ReferenceStencil = 1, DepthBufferEnable = false, }; ... if (_alphaEffect == null) { _alphaEffect = new AlphaTestEffect(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice); _alphaEffect.AlphaFunction = CompareFunction.LessEqual; _alphaEffect.ReferenceAlpha = 129; Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, 0, 0, 1); _alphaEffect.Projection = world.SystemManager.GetSystem<RenderSystem>().Camera.View * projection; } _mask = new RenderTarget2D(_spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth, _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, false, SurfaceFormat.Color, DepthFormat.Depth24Stencil8); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(_mask); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.Stencil, Color.Transparent, 0, 0); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, AlwaysStencilState, null, _alphaEffect); _spriteBatch.Draw(sprite.Texture, position, sprite.SourceRectangle,Color.White, 0f, sprite.Origin, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, null, null, EqualStencilState, null, null); _spriteBatch.Draw(_maskTex, new Vector2(x * _maskTex.Width, y * _maskTex.Height), null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, 0); _spriteBatch.End(); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); _spriteBatch.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); _spriteBatch.Begin(); _spriteBatch.Draw((Texture2D)_mask, Vector2.Zero, null, Color.White, 0f, Vector2.Zero, 1f, SpriteEffects.None, layer/max_layer); _spriteBatch.End(); My problem is, I can't get the AlphaTestEffect to behave. I can either mask over the semi-transparent purple junk and fill it in with the green design, or I can draw over the completely opaque grassy texture. How can I specify the exact opacity that needs to be replace with the green design?

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