Search Results

Search found 22104 results on 885 pages for 'programming language'.

facebook twitter digg google delicious technorati stumbleupon myspace wordpress linkedin gmail igoogle windows live tumblr viadeo yahoo buzz yahoo mail yahoo bookmarks favorites email print

Page 33/885 | < Previous Page | 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40  | Next Page >

  • Objective-measures of the expressiveness of programming languages [closed]

    - by Casebash
    I am very interested in the expressiveness of different languages. Everyone who has programmed in multiple languages knows that sometimes a language allows you to express concepts which you can't express in other languages. You can have all kinds of subjective discussion about this, but naturally it would be better to have an objective measure. There do actually exist objective measures. One is Turing-Completeness, which means that a language is capable of generating any output that could be generated by following a sequential set of steps. There are also other lesser levels of expressiveness such as Finite State Automata. Now, except for domain specific languages, pretty much all modern languages are Turing complete. It is therefore natural to ask the following question: Can we can define any other formal measures of expressiveness which are greater than Turing completeness? Now of course we can't define this by considering the output that a program can generate, as Turing machines can already produce the same output that any other program can. But there are definitely different levels in what concepts can be expressed - surely no-one would argue that assembly language is as powerful as a modern object oriented language like Python. You could use your assembly to write a Python interpreter, so clearly any accurate objective measure would have to exclude this possibility. This also causes a problem with trying to define the expressiveness using the minimum number of symbols. How exactly to do so is not clear and indeed appears extremely difficult, but we can't assume that just because we don't know how to solve a problem, that nobody know how to. It is also doesn't really make sense to demand a definition of expressiveness before answering the question - after all the whole point of this question is to obtain such a definition. I think that my explanation will be clear enough for anyone with a strong theoretical background in computer science to understand what I am looking for. If you do have such a background and you disagree, please comment why, but if you don't thats probably why you don't understand the question.

    Read the article

  • How can I make video games if I don't like programming?

    - by hoper
    I am studying C++ code in my school (my major is computer programming). Honestly, my grades are not so good, and assignments are really hard. Sometimes I feel sad that I will spend 8-10 hours per day coding (which is stressful) in the future for my job. But I still want to make video games. Maybe this is the only reason why I am taking all of these stressful courses. I always write down plots, stories, characters, fictional gaming worlds... Once, I thought I should study artistic technology such as game design and not computer technology such as C++, C#, etc. However, most of popular game designers (or directors) such as Kojima, Miyamoto, etc. used to be good programmers. Companies actaully assign programmers to directors because they understand how to make a game. I've try to find other colleges or universities where they teach game design programs. However, one article that lists rank 10 game design schools in North America seems untrustful because the survey company only scores it from intervews of students. Once, I tried to attend Art Institute of Vancouver which is rank 7 according to that article. However, one programmer who used to be an instructor in there told me the truth: the employement rate of graduated students is low. How can I have a future making games if I don't like programming?

    Read the article

  • Any language where every class instance is a class too?

    - by Dokkat
    Taking inspiration from Javascript prototypes, I had the idea of a language where every instance can be used as a class. Before I potentially reinvent the wheel, I would like to ask if there is a language already using this concept: //To declare a Class, extend the base class (in this case, Type) Type(Weapon,{price:0}); //Same syntax to inherit; simply extend the parent: Weapon(Sword,{price:3}); Weapon(Axe,{price:4}); Sword(Katana,{price:7}); Sword(Dagger,{price:3}); //And the same to create an instance: Katana(myKatana,{nickname:"Leon"}); myKatana.price; // 7 myKatana.nickname; // Leon // An operator to return children of a class; Sword_; // [Katana, Dagger] // An operator to return array of descendants; Sword__; // [Katana, Dagger, myKatana] // An operator to return array of parents; Sword^; // Weapon // Arrays can be used as elements Sword__.price += 1; //increases price of Sword's descendants by 1 mySword.price; //8 // And to access specific element (using its name instead of index) var name = "mySword" Katana_[name]; // [mySword] Katana_[name].nickname; // Leon Has this kind of approach been already studied/implemented?

    Read the article

  • Does immutability entirely eliminate the need for locks in multi-processor programming?

    - by GlenPeterson
    Part 1 Clearly Immutability minimizes the need for locks in multi-processor programming, but does it eliminate that need, or are there instances where immutability alone is not enough? It seems to me that you can only defer processing and encapsulate state so long before most programs have to actually DO something. If a program performs actions on multiple processors, something needs to collect and aggregate the results. All this involves multi-process communication before, after, and possibly during some transformations. The start and end state of the machines are different. Can this always be done with no locks just by throwing out each object and creating a new one instead of changing the original (a crude view of immutability)? What cases still require locking? I'm interested in both the theoretical/academic answer and the practical/real-world answer. I know a lot of functional programmers like to talk about "no side effect" but in the "real world" everything has a side effect. Every processor click takes time and electricity and machine resources away from other processes. So I understand that there may be more than one perspective to answer this question from. If immutability is safe, given certain bounds or assumptions, I want to know what the borders of the "safety zone" are exactly. Some examples of possible boundaries: I/O Exceptions/errors Interfaces with programs written in other languages Interfaces with other machines (physical, virtual, or theoretical) Special thanks to @JimmaHoffa for his comment which started this question! Part 2 Multi-processor programming is often used as an optimization technique - to make some code run faster. When is it faster to use locks vs. immutable objects? Given the limits set out in Amdahl's Law, when can you achieve better over-all performance (with or without the garbage collector taken into account) with immutable objects vs. locking mutable ones? Summary I'm combining these two questions into one to try to get at where the bounding box is for Immutability as a solution to threading problems.

    Read the article

  • How are objects modelled in a functional programming language?

    - by Giorgio
    In an answer to this question (written by Pete) there are some considerations about OOP versus FP. In particular, it is suggested that FP languages are not very suitable for modelling (persistent) objects that have an identity and a mutable state. I was wondering if this is true or, in other words, how one would model objects in a functional programming language. From my basic knowledge of Haskell I thought that one could use monads in some way, but I really do not know enough on this topic to come up with a clear answer. So, how are entities with an identity and a mutable persistent state normally modelled in a functional language? EDIT Here are some further details to clarify what I have in mind. Take a typical Java application in which I can (1) read a record from a database table into a Java object, (2) modify the object in different ways, (3) save the modified object to the database. How would this be implemented e.g. in Haskell? I would initially read the record into a record value (defined by a data definition), perform different transformations by applying functions to this initial value (each intermediate value is a new, modified copy of the original record) and then write the final record value to the database. Is this all there is to it? How can I ensure that at each moment in time only one copy of the record is valid / accessible? One does not want to have different immutable values representing different snapshots of the same object to be accessible at the same time.

    Read the article

  • Is it a good practice to create a list of definitions for all symbols and words in a programming language?

    - by MrDaniel
    After arriving at this point in Learning Python The Hard Way I am wondering if this is a good practice to create a list of symbols and define what they do as noted in bold below, for every programming language. This seems reasonable, and might be very useful to have when jumping between programming languages? Is this something that programmers do or is it just a waste of effort? Exercise 22: What Do You Know So Far? There won't be any code in this exercise or the next one, so there's no WYSS or Extra Credit either. In fact, this exercise is like one giant Extra Credit. I'm going to have you do a form of review what you have learned so far. First, go back through every exercise you have done so far and write down every word and symbol (another name for 'character') that you have used. Make sure your list of symbols is complete. Next to each word or symbol, write its name and what it does. If you can't find a name for a symbol in this book, then look for it online. If you do not know what a word or symbol does, then go read about it again and try using it in some code. You may run into a few things you just can't find out or know, so just keep those on the list and be ready to look them up when you find them. Once you have your list, spend a few days rewriting the list and double checking that it's correct. This may get boring but push through and really nail it down. Once you have memorized the list and what they do, then you should step it up by writing out tables of symbols, their names, and what they do from memory. When you hit some you can't recall from memory, go back and memorize them again.

    Read the article

  • Laser range finder, what language to use? Beginner advice

    - by DrOnline
    I hope this is the right place. I am a programming beginner, and I want to make a laser range finder, and I need advice about how to proceed etc. In a few weeks I will get a lot of dirt cheap 3-5V lasers and some cheap usb webcams. I will point the laser and webcam in parallel, and somehow use trigonometry and programming to determined distance. I have seen online that others made done it this way, I have purposefully not looked at the details too much because I want to develop it on my own, and learn, but I know the general outline. I have a general idea of how to proceed. The program loads in a picture from the webcam, and I dunno how images work really, but I imagine there is a format that is basically an array of RGB values.. is this right? I will load in the red values, and find the most red one. I know the height difference between the laser and the cam. I know the center dot in the image, I know the redmost dot. I'm sure there's some way to figure out some range there. TO THE POINT: 1) Is my reasoning sound thus far, especially in terms of image analysis? I don't need complete solutions, just general points 2) What I need to figure out, is what platform to use. I have an arduino... apparently, I've read it's too weak to process images. Read that online. I know some C I know some Python I have Matlab. Which is the best option? I do not need high sampling rates, I have not decided on whether it should be automated or whether I should make a GUI with a button to press for samples. I will keep it simple and expand I think. I also do not need it to be super accurate, I'm just having fun here. Advice!

    Read the article

  • Simplest language to make an interpreter for

    - by None
    I want to make an interpreter of a very simple language for practice. When I say simple I don't mean easy to use, I mean simple. Brainf**k is a good example of a language I want. I already have made a brainf**k interpreter in python (which is the language I would be using to write the interpreter). I would appreciate any suggestions of simple languages. Note: I don't want to make a compiler! I want to make an interpreter.

    Read the article

  • Language Design: Combining Gotos and Functions

    - by sub
    I'm designing and currently rethinking a low-level interpreted programming language with similarities to assembler. I very soon came across the functions/loops/gotos decision problem and thought that while loops like while and for would be too high-level and unfitting, gotos would be too low level, unmaintainable and generally evil again. Functions like you know them from most languages that have return values and arguments aren't fitting in the language's concept either. So I tried to figure out something between a function and a goto which is capable of Recursion Efficient loops After some thinking I came up with the idea of subroutines: They have a beginning and an end like a function They have a name but no arguments like a goto You can go into one with jump and go out of it again before its end with return (doesn't give back any result, only stops the subroutine) Handled just like normal code - Global scope like goto So I wanted to know: Is the idea above good? What are the (dis)advantages? Would there be a better combination of function and goto or even a completely new idea?

    Read the article

  • What language has the longest "Hello world" program?

    - by Kip
    In most scripting languages, a "Hello world!" application is very short: print "Hello world" In C++, it is a little more complicated, requiring at least 46 non-whitespace characters: #include <cstdio> int main() { puts("Hello world"); } Java, at 75 non-whitespace characters, is even more verbose: class A { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.print("Hello world"); } } Are there any languages that require even more non-whitespace characters than Java? Which language requires the most? Notes: I'm asking about the length of the shortest possible "hello world" application in a given language. A newline after "Hello world" is not required. I'm not counting whitespace, but I know there is some language that uses only whitespace characters. If you use that one you can count the whitespace characters.

    Read the article

  • Teach Perl as a first language?

    - by yossale
    I need to teach a non-programmer the basics of computer programming + some basic programming skills (- He's going to be in a position between the clients and the programmers , so the company requires him to learn the basic concepts of programming). I thought of Perl - You can teach it without getting into typing and pointers and it's syntax is very close to human (precious "bless" :) ) - but I'm a bit troubled because I feel like I'm going to "spoil" him for other languages in the future (C,C++,Java - What some people call "Real" languages) - exactly because of the reasons mentioned above. What do you think?

    Read the article

  • Things you should implement in your own programming language

    - by I can't tell you my name.
    I've created an experimental toy programming language with a (now) working interpreter. It is turing-complete and has a pretty low-level instruction set. Even if everything takes four to six times more code and time than in PHP, Python or Ruby I still love programming all kinds of things in it. So I got the "basic" things that are written in many languages working: Hello World Input - Output Countdowns (not as easy as you think as there are no loops) Factorials Array emulation 99 Bottles of Beer (simple, wrong inflection) 99 Bottles of Beer (canonical) Conjatz conjecture Quine (that was a fun one!) Brainf*ck interpreter (To proof turing-completeness, made me happy) So I implemented all of the above examples because: They all used many different aspects of the language They are pretty interesting They don't take hours to write Now my problem is: I've run out of ideas! I don't find any more examples of what problems I could solve using my language. Do you have any programming problems which fit into some of the criteria above for me to work out?

    Read the article

  • first app - wrong language is shown in appstore

    - by Sean
    hi all last week i distributed my first app to the appstore. what i've to see was, that the app language which is shown in appstore is not the right one. my app is just in german, but in appstore english is shown up. can somebody tell me what i've exactly got to do, that the language in the appstore is german? i know i ned a "de.lproj" folder, but i don't know what this folder should contain and what i've got to do step by step to realize that the right way. thanks in advance sean

    Read the article

  • How to determine user's language setting from LocalSystem

    - by Louis
    I have a Windows system service that needs to communicate string information to an application running under the user's account. The strings will appear to the user so I want to make sure that the strings that the service passes to the application are in the same language as the user account. How can I tell what display language the currently logged in user has from the service code? If I can determine this, I can just load the correct resource file and be done. I don't have to support multiple user's logged in so the service will only communicate with one application instance at a time.

    Read the article

  • Programming and art

    - by user353874
    Specialized software does play a major role in every business field. Games provide new realities and are proved child development tools. Communication got a new meaning. Information never traveled so fast. And programming is never referred to as an art form. Why is that? Programming is not romantic and not natural so we don't feel naturally attached to it. Basically, our emotions don't fit programming. But it's really cool and better than art. :D

    Read the article

  • My next programming Language

    - by Betamoo
    Currently I can program in: C#, C++, JAVA and PHP. The next summer, I intend to start learning a new language. Can you help me suggesting what must I start reading about? I heard about Perl, Python and Lisp.. but I do not know if any of them will worth more than what I already got in my other languages.. Also please mention how much your suggest language is demanded in career market.. I do not want to learn an obsolete language.. Thanks

    Read the article

  • Analysis and Design for Functional Programming

    - by edalorzo
    How do you deal with analysis and design phases when you plan to develop a system using a functional programming language like Haskell? My background is in imperative/object-oriented programming languages, and therefore, I am used to use case analysis and the use of UML to document the design of program. But the thing is that UML is inherently related to the object-oriented way of doing software. And I am intrigued about what would be the best way to develop documentation and define software designs for a system that is going to be developed using functional programming. Would you still use use case analysis or perhaps structured analysis and design instead? How do software architects define the high-level design of the system so that developers follow it? What do you show to you clients or to new developers when you are supposed to present a design of the solution? How do you document a picture of the whole thing without having first to write it all? Is there anything comparable to UML in the functional world?

    Read the article

  • syntax to express mathematical formula concisely in your language of choice

    - by aaa
    hello. I am developing functional domain specific embedded language within C++ to translate formulas into working code as concisely and accurately as possible. Right now my language looks something like this: // implies two nested loops j=0:N, i=0,j (range(i) < j < N)[T(i,j) = (T(i,j) - T(j,i))/e(i+j)]; // implies summation over above expression sum(range(i) < j < N))[(T(i,j) - T(j,i))/e(i+j)]; I am looking for possible syntax improvements/extensions or just different ideas about expressing mathematical formulas as clearly and precisely as possible. Can you give me some syntax examples relating to my question which can be accomplished in your language of choice which consider useful. In particular, if you have some ideas about how to translate the above code segments, I would be happy to hear them Thank you

    Read the article

  • Creating a Programming Language

    - by Lucifer
    Don't worry, I'm not going to ask that question, yet again... I am wanting to create my own programming language, just for learning sake. I don't want anything other than possibly a few links to head me into the right direction. MSDN Documentation on C# that is specific to what is required to create a language would be great! For the time being, all I am wanting to create is a very simple language that allows me to Create a Form, add a control to it, give that control a location, and maybe even some properties like a Text property, or maybe even a Color property. That's it! Any help / advice at all is greatly appreciated! Thank you :)

    Read the article

  • Flow Based Programming

    - by Software Monkey
    I have been doing a little reading on Flow Based Programming over the last few days. There is a wiki which provides further detail. And wikipedia has a good overview on it too. My first thought was, "Great another proponent of lego-land pretend programming" - a concept harking back to the late 80's. But, as I read more, I must admit I have become intrigued. Have you used FBP for a real project? What is your opinion of FBP? Does FBP have a future? In some senses, it seems like the holy grail of reuse that our industry has pursued since the advent of procedural languages.

    Read the article

  • Do you use another language instead of english ?

    - by Luc M
    Duplicate Should identifiers and comments be always in English or in the native language of the application and developers? For people who are not native English speakers, which language do you use to declare variables, classes, etc. ? I had to continue a project from a Spanish guy. Everything was written in Spanish. Since this time, I have decided to use English identifiers ( variables, classes, file names) and write comments in french. Everything was in french before that. What are the general recommendations about that practice? Do you use English everywhere knowing that no English people will work on your project ? Edit : Here's a post from Jeff Atwood about this subject: The Ugly American Programmer

    Read the article

facebook twitter digg google delicious technorati stumbleupon myspace wordpress linkedin gmail igoogle windows live tumblr viadeo yahoo buzz yahoo mail yahoo bookmarks favorites email print

< Previous Page | 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40  | Next Page >