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• Voice echo in UDP based voice transmission [closed]

  - by Meherzad

  I have coded a java application for voice transmission between to ip in LAN. Here the code. public static Boolean flag= true; public static Boolean recFlag=true; DatagramSocket UDPSocket=null; AudioFormat format = null; TargetDataLine microphone=null; byte[] buffer=null; DatagramPacket UDPPacket=null; public void startChat(String ipAddress){ try{ buffer = new byte[1000]; UDPSocket=new DatagramSocket(1987); Thread th=new Thread(new Listener()); th.start(); microphone = AudioSystem.getTargetDataLine(format); format= new AudioFormat(8000.0f, 16, 1, true, true); UDPPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length, InetAddress.getByName(ipAddress), 1988); microphone.open(format); microphone.start(); while (flag) { microphone.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length); UDPSocket.send(UDPPacket); } } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(" ssss "+e.getMessage()); } } public class Listener extends Thread{ byte[] buff=new byte[1000]; DatagramSocket UDPSocket1=null; DatagramPacket recPacket=null; DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(SourceDataLine.class, format); SourceDataLine line=null; @Override public void run(){ try{ UDPSocket1=new DatagramSocket(1988); format= new AudioFormat(8000.0f, 16, 1, true, true); line = (SourceDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(info); line.open(format); line.start(); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("list "+ e.getMessage()); } recPacket=new DatagramPacket(buff, buff.length); while(recFlag){ try{ UDPSocket1.receive(recPacket); buff = (byte[])recPacket.getData(); line.write(buff, 0, buff.length); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("errr "+e.getMessage()); } } line.drain(); line.close(); } } Main problem which I am facing that I am getting only echo of my own voice. I am unable to hear voice from the other end only I am hearing is my own voice. Please suggest any solution.

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• Fog shader camera problem

  - by MaT

  I have some difficulties with my vertex-fragment fog shader in Unity. I have a good visual result but the problem is that the gradient is based on the camera's position, it moves as the camera moves. I don't know how to fix it. Here is the shader code. struct v2f { float4 pos : SV_POSITION; float4 grabUV : TEXCOORD0; float2 uv_depth : TEXCOORD1; float4 interpolatedRay : TEXCOORD2; float4 screenPos : TEXCOORD3; }; v2f vert(appdata_base v) { v2f o; o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex); o.uv_depth = v.texcoord.xy; o.grabUV = ComputeGrabScreenPos(o.pos); half index = v.vertex.z; o.screenPos = ComputeScreenPos(o.pos); o.interpolatedRay = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MV, v.vertex); return o; } sampler2D _GrabTexture; float4 frag(v2f IN) : COLOR { float3 uv = UNITY_PROJ_COORD(IN.grabUV); float dpth = UNITY_SAMPLE_DEPTH(tex2Dproj(_CameraDepthTexture, uv)); dpth = LinearEyeDepth(dpth); float4 wsPos = (IN.screenPos + dpth * IN.interpolatedRay); // Here is the problem but how to fix it float fogVert = max(0.0, (wsPos.y - _Depth) * (_DepthScale * 0.1f)); fogVert *= fogVert; fogVert = (exp (-fogVert)); return fogVert; } Thanks a lot !

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• Understanding normal maps on terrain

  - by JohnB

  I'm having trouble understanding some of the math behind normal map textures even though I've got it to work using borrowed code, I want to understand it. I have a terrain based on a heightmap. I'm generating a mesh of triangles at load time and rendering that mesh. Now for each vertex I need to calculate a normal, a tangent, and a bitangent. My understanding is as follows, have I got this right? normal is a unit vector facing outwards from the surface of the triangle. For a vertex I take the average of the normals of the triangles using that vertex. tangent is a unit vector in the direction of the 'u' coordinates of the texture map. As my texture u,v coordinates follow the x and y coordinates of the terrain, then my understanding is that this vector is simply the vector along the surface in the x direction. So should be able to calculate this as simply the difference between vertices in the x direction to get a vector, (and normalize it). bitangent is a unit vector in the direction of the 'v' coordinates of the texture map. As my texture u,v coordinates follow the x and y coordinates of the terrain, then my understanding is that this vector is simply the vector along the surface in the y direction. So should be able to calculate this as simply the difference between vertices in the y direction to get a vector, (and normalize it). However the code I have borrowed seems much more complicated than this and takes into account the actual values of u, and v at each vertex which I don't understand the need for as they increase in exactly the same direction as x, and y. I implemented what I thought from above, and it simply doesn't work, the normals are clearly not working for lighting. Have I misunderstood something? Or can someone explain to me the physical meaning of the tangent and bitangent vectors when applied to a mesh generated from a hightmap like this, when u and v texture coordinates map along the x and y directions. Thanks for any help understanding this.

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• Learning to code first game, few questions on basic game development and 3D

  - by ProgrammerByDay

  I've been programming for a while, and I'm concurrently learning how to make a basic game and slimdx, and wanted to talk to someone to hopefully get a few pointers. I've read that Tetris is the "Hello, world" of game programming, which made sense to me, so I decided to give it a shot. I've been able to code up a basic version in a few hours, which I'm quite happy with, but I had a few questions about 3D programming. Right now I'm using Direct3D to do display the blocks without any textures (just colored squares). I have a data structure (2d array of bytes, where each byte denotes the presence of a block and its color) which is the "game board," and on every render() call I create a new vertex buffer of the existing squares in the game board, and draw those primitives. This feels very inefficient, and I wondering what would be the idiomatic way of doing this in a 3D world, with matrix/rotations/translation operations. I know 3D is overkill for such a project, but I want to learn any 3d concepts that I can while I'm doing it. I understand that what you'd usually want to do is keep the same vertices/vertex buffers but manipulate them with matrices to achieve rotations/translations, etc. To do so, I assume what would happen is I'd have one vertex buffer for the "active" piece, since that'll be constantly rotated and moved, and have one vertex buffer for the frozen pieces on the bottom of the board, which is pretty much stationary, but will need to be changed/recreated when the active piece becomes frozen. Right now I'm just clearing and redrawing on every render call, which seems like the easiest way to do things, although I wonder if there's a more efficient way to deal with changes. Obviously there are a lot of questions I'm asking here, but if you can even just point me a step or two ahead in terms of how I should be thinking, it'd be great. Thanks

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• How should I unbind and delete OpenAL buffers?

  - by Joe Wreschnig

  I'm using OpenAL to play sounds. I'm trying to implement a fire-and-forget play function that takes a buffer ID and assigns it to a source from a pool I have previously allocated, and plays it. However, there is a problem with object lifetimes. In OpenGL, delete functions either automatically unbind things (e.g. textures), or automatically deletes the thing when it eventually is unbound (e.g. shaders) and so it's usually easy to manage deletion. However alDeleteBuffers instead simply fails with AL_INVALID_OPERATION if the buffer is still bound to a source. Is there an idiomatic way to "delete" OpenAL buffers that allows them to finish playing, and then automatically unbinds and really them? Do I need to tie buffer management more deeply into the source pool (e.g. deleting a buffer requires checking all the allocated sources also)? Similarly, is there an idiomatic way to unbind (but not delete) buffers when they are finished playing? It would be nice if, when I was looking for a free source, I only needed to see if a buffer was attached at all and not bother checking the source state. (I'm using C++, although approaches for C are also fine. Approaches assuming a GCd language and using finalizers are probably not applicable.)

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• Extended FindWindow

  - by João Angelo

  The Win32 API provides the FindWindow function that supports finding top-level windows by their class name and/or title. However, the title search does not work if you are trying to match partial text at the middle or the end of the full window title. You can however implement support for these extended search features by using another set of Win32 API like EnumWindows and GetWindowText. A possible implementation follows: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; public class WindowInfo { private IntPtr handle; private string className; internal WindowInfo(IntPtr handle, string title) { if (handle == IntPtr.Zero) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid handle.", "handle"); this.Handle = handle; this.Title = title ?? string.Empty; } public string Title { get; private set; } public string ClassName { get { if (className == null) { className = GetWindowClassNameByHandle(this.Handle); } return className; } } public IntPtr Handle { get { if (!NativeMethods.IsWindow(this.handle)) throw new InvalidOperationException("The handle is no longer valid."); return this.handle; } private set { this.handle = value; } } public static WindowInfo[] EnumerateWindows() { var windows = new List<WindowInfo>(); NativeMethods.EnumWindowsProcessor processor = (hwnd, lParam) => { windows.Add(new WindowInfo(hwnd, GetWindowTextByHandle(hwnd))); return true; }; bool succeeded = NativeMethods.EnumWindows(processor, IntPtr.Zero); if (!succeeded) return new WindowInfo[] { }; return windows.ToArray(); } public static WindowInfo FindWindow(Predicate<WindowInfo> predicate) { WindowInfo target = null; NativeMethods.EnumWindowsProcessor processor = (hwnd, lParam) => { var current = new WindowInfo(hwnd, GetWindowTextByHandle(hwnd)); if (predicate(current)) { target = current; return false; } return true; }; NativeMethods.EnumWindows(processor, IntPtr.Zero); return target; } private static string GetWindowTextByHandle(IntPtr handle) { if (handle == IntPtr.Zero) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid handle.", "handle"); int length = NativeMethods.GetWindowTextLength(handle); if (length == 0) return string.Empty; var buffer = new StringBuilder(length + 1); NativeMethods.GetWindowText(handle, buffer, buffer.Capacity); return buffer.ToString(); } private static string GetWindowClassNameByHandle(IntPtr handle) { if (handle == IntPtr.Zero) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid handle.", "handle"); const int WindowClassNameMaxLength = 256; var buffer = new StringBuilder(WindowClassNameMaxLength); NativeMethods.GetClassName(handle, buffer, buffer.Capacity); return buffer.ToString(); } } internal class NativeMethods { public delegate bool EnumWindowsProcessor(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr lParam); [DllImport("user32.dll")] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] public static extern bool EnumWindows( EnumWindowsProcessor lpEnumFunc, IntPtr lParam); [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern int GetWindowText( IntPtr hWnd, StringBuilder lpString, int nMaxCount); [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern int GetWindowTextLength(IntPtr hWnd); [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern int GetClassName( IntPtr hWnd, StringBuilder lpClassName, int nMaxCount); [DllImport("user32.dll")] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] public static extern bool IsWindow(IntPtr hWnd); } The access to the windows handle is preceded by a sanity check to assert if it’s still valid, but if you are dealing with windows out of your control then the window can be destroyed right after the check so it’s not guaranteed that you’ll get a valid handle. Finally, to wrap this up a usage, example: static void Main(string[] args) { var w = WindowInfo.FindWindow(wi => wi.Title.Contains("Test.docx")); if (w != null) { Console.Write(w.Title); } }

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• Rendering different materials in a voxel terrain

  - by MaelmDev

  Each voxel datapoint in my terrain model is made up of two properties: density and material type. Each is stored as an unsigned integer value (but the density is interpreted as a decimal value between 0 and 1). My current idea for rendering these different materials on the terrain mesh is to store eleven extra attributes in each vertex: six material values corresponding to the materials of the voxels that the vertices lie between, three decimal values that correspond to the interpolation each vertex has between each voxel, and two decimal values that are used to determine where the fragment lies on the triangle. The material and interpolation attributes are the exact same for each vertex in the triangle. The fragment shader samples each texture that corresponds to each material and then uses the aforementioned couple of decimal values to interpolate between these samples and obtain the final textured color of the fragment. It should work fine, but it seems like a big memory hog. I won't be able to reuse vertices in the mesh with indexing, and each vertex will have a lot of data associated with it. It also seems pretty slow. What are some ways to improve or replace this technique for drawing materials on a voxel terrain mesh?

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• Radiosity using a hemisphere

  - by P. Avery

  I'm working on a radiosity processor. I'm projecting scene geometry onto a hemisphere at a high order of tessellation during a visibility pass onto a 1024x1024 render target. The problem is that the edges of certain triangles are not being rendered to the item buffer( render target )...so when I test certain edges( or pixels during pixel shader ) for visibility during a reconstruction pass, visible edges are not identified and as a result the pixel for that edge is discarded. One solution was to increase the resolution of the item buffer( up to 4096x4096 )...this helped and more edges were visible, however, this was not fullproof. How do I increase visibility? Here is a screenshot of a scene after radiosity is applied: the seams are edges along a triangle face that were not visible due to the resolution of the item buffer... fixed the problem by sampling the item buffer w/8 points:

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• How to make Unity 3D work with Bumblebee using the Intel chipset

  - by EboMike

  I have a Sony VAIO S laptop with the dreaded Optimus and finally managed to get Bumblebee to work fully on Ubuntu 12.04 so that I can utilize both the hardware acceleration of the Intel chipset as well as the Nvidia one via optirun and/or bumble-app-settings. However, the desktop effects don't work. But they should, I vaguely remember that they worked for a while before I had Bumblebee installed. This is what I get with the support test: :~$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p Xlib: extension "NV-GLX" missing on display ":0". OpenGL vendor string: Tungsten Graphics, Inc OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Mobile OpenGL version string: 1.4 (2.1 Mesa 8.0.2) Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: no GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: no First of all, I kind of doubt that the chipset doesn't support VBOs (essentially a standard feature in GL). Neither Xorg.0.log nor Xorg.8.log show any particular errors. As for the Nvidia drivers: In order to get them to work, I had to install the 304.22 drivers (older ones wouldn't work). They clobbered libglx.so, so I reinstated the xserver-xorg-core libglx.so in its original place, moved Nvidia's libglx.so to an nvidia-specific folder and specified that folder in the bumblebee.config. That seems to work and shouldn't cause the problem I see here. For fun, I tried to use the Nvidia chipset for Unity, but that didn't fly either: ~$ optirun /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GT 640M LE/PCIe/SSE2 OpenGL version string: 4.2.0 NVIDIA 304.22 Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: no GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: no

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• Can I set my Optimus Nvidia card to run Unity3D with bumblebee?

  - by manuhalo

  I'd like to know whether I can run compiz on my Nvidia card to speed things up. It's a Dell XPS15 laptop but I'm mostly using it as a desktop, so battery life is not important. Apparently my Intel integrated card is able to run unity 3D, but my Nvidia GT 420M is not. Here's the output of unity_support_test, both with optirun and without it: manuhalo@Ubuntu-XPS-L501X:~$ optirun /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GT 420M/PCI/SSE2 OpenGL version string: 4.1.0 NVIDIA 280.13 Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: no GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: no manuhalo@Ubuntu-XPS-L501X:~$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p OpenGL vendor string: Tungsten Graphics, Inc OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ironlake Mobile OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 7.11 Not software rendered: yes Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: yes Any ideas of why this is happening? Thanks in advance to anyone able to shed some light on this. What I have tried: Installed the v290 drivers from the x-stable PPA. Tried forcing Unity-3D to work by telling Unity to ignore the unity-support-test results i.e. gksudo gedit /etc/environment add the following UNITY_FORCE_START=1 to the end of the file.

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• How to automatically render all opaque meshes with a specific shader?

  - by dsilva.vinicius

  I have a specular outline shader that I want to be used on all opaque meshes of the scene whenever a specific camera renders. The shader is working properly when it is manually applied to some material. The shader is as follows: Shader "Custom/Outline" { Properties { _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (.5,.5,.5,1) _OutlineColor ("Outline Color", Color) = (1,0.5,0,1) _Outline ("Outline width", Range (0.0, 0.1)) = .05 _SpecColor ("Specular Color", Color) = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1) _Shininess ("Shininess", Range (0.03, 1)) = 0.078125 _MainTex ("Base (RGB) Gloss (A)", 2D) = "white" {} } SubShader { Tags { "Queue"="Overlay" "RenderType"="Opaque" } Pass { Name "OUTLINE" Tags { "LightMode" = "Always" } Cull Off ZWrite Off // Uncomment to show outline always. //ZTest Always CGPROGRAM #pragma target 3.0 #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment frag #include "UnityCG.cginc" struct appdata { float4 vertex : POSITION; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct v2f { float4 pos : POSITION; float4 color : COLOR; }; float _Outline; float4 _OutlineColor; v2f vert(appdata v) { // just make a copy of incoming vertex data but scaled according to normal direction v2f o; o.pos = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex); float3 norm = mul ((float3x3)UNITY_MATRIX_IT_MV, v.normal); float2 offset = TransformViewToProjection(norm.xy); o.pos.xy += offset * o.pos.z * _Outline; o.color = _OutlineColor; return o; } float4 frag(v2f fromVert) : COLOR { return fromVert.color; } ENDCG } UsePass "Specular/FORWARD" } FallBack "Specular" } The camera used fot the effect has just a script component which setups the shader replacement: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class DetectiveEffect : MonoBehaviour { public Shader EffectShader; // Use this for initialization void Start () { this.camera.SetReplacementShader(EffectShader, "RenderType=Opaque"); } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { } } Unfortunately, whenever I use this camera I just see the background color. Any ideas?

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• openGL managing images, VBOs and shaders

  - by roxlu

  I'm working on a game where I use shaders with vertex attributes (so not immediate mode). I'm drawing lots of images and changing the width/height of the quads I use to draw them a lot. To optimize this it's probably a good idea to have one buffer but then one needs to update the complete buffer when one image changes (or only a part of the buffer using glBufferSubData...) I was just wondering what kind of strategies you guys are using?

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• problems texture mapping in modern OpenGL 3.3 using GLSL #version 150

  - by RubyKing

  Hi all I'm trying to do texture mapping using Modern OpenGL and GLSL 150. The problem is the texture shows but has this weird flicker I can show a video here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbzw_LMxlHw and I have everything setup best I can have my texcords in my vertex array sent up to opengl I have my fragment color set to the texture values and texel values I have my vertex sending the textures cords to texture cordinates to be used in the fragment shader I have my ins and outs setup and I still don't know what I'm missing that could be causing that flicker. here is my code FRAGMENT SHADER #version 150 uniform sampler2D texture; in vec2 texture_coord; varying vec3 texture_coordinate; void main(void){ gl_FragColor = texture(texture, texture_coord); } VERTEX SHADER #version 150 in vec4 position; out vec2 texture_coordinate; out vec2 texture_coord; uniform vec3 translations; void main() { texture_coord = (texture_coordinate); gl_Position = vec4(position.xyz + translations.xyz, 1.0); } Last bit here is my vertex array with texture cordinates GLfloat vVerts[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f , 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}; //tex x and y HERE IS THE ACTUAL FULL SOURCE CODE if you need to see all the code in its fullest glory here is a link to every file http://ideone.com/7kQN3 thank you for your help

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• Data breakpoints to find points where data gets broken

  - by raccoon_tim

  When working with a large code base, finding reasons for bizarre bugs can often be like finding a needle in a hay stack. Finding out why an object gets corrupted without no apparent reason can be quite daunting, especially when it seems to happen randomly and totally out of context. Scenario Take the following scenario as an example. You have defined the a class that contains an array of characters that is 256 characters long. You now implement a method for filling this buffer with a string passed as an argument. At this point you mistakenly expect the buffer to be 256 characters long. At some point you notice that you require another character buffer and you add that after the previous one in the class definition. You now figure that you don’t need the 256 characters that the first member can hold and you shorten that to 128 to conserve space. At this point you should start thinking that you also have to modify the method defined above to safeguard against buffer overflow. It so happens, however, that in this not so perfect world this does not cross your mind. Buffer overflow is one of the most frequent sources for errors in a piece of software and often one of the most difficult ones to detect, especially when data is read from an outside source. Many mass copy functions provided by the C run-time provide versions that have boundary checking (defined with the _s suffix) but they can not guard against hard coded buffer lengths that at some point get changed. Finding the bug Getting back to the scenario, you’re now wondering why does the second string get modified with data that makes no sense at all. Luckily, Visual Studio provides you with a tool to help you with finding just these kinds of errors. It’s called data breakpoints. To add a data breakpoint, you first run your application in debug mode or attach to it in the usual way, and then go to Debug, select New Breakpoint and New Data Breakpoint. In the popup that opens, you can type in the memory address and the amount of bytes you wish to monitor. You can also use an expression here, but it’s often difficult to come up with an expression for data in an object allocated on the heap when not in the context of a certain stack frame. There are a couple of things to note about data breakpoints, however. First of all, Visual Studio supports a maximum of four data breakpoints at any given time. Another important thing to notice is that some C run-time functions modify memory in kernel space which does not trigger the data breakpoint. For instance, calling ReadFile on a buffer that is monitored by a data breakpoint will not trigger the breakpoint. The application will now break at the address you specified it to. Often you might immediately spot the issue but the very least this feature can do is point you in the right direction in search for the real reason why the memory gets inadvertently modified. Conclusions Data breakpoints are a great feature, especially when doing a lot of low level operations where multiple locations modify the same data. With the exception of some special cases, like kernel memory modification, you can use it whenever you need to check when memory at a certain location gets changed on purpose or inadvertently.

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• OpenGL Application displays only 1 frame

  - by Avi

  EDIT: I have verified that the problem is not the VBO class or the vertex array class, but rather something else. I have a problem where my vertex buffer class works the first time its called, but displays nothing any other time its called. I don't know why this is, and it's also the same in my vertex array class. I'm calling the functions in this order to set up the buffers: enable client states bind buffers set buffer / array data unbind buffers disable client states Then in the draw function, that's called every frame: enable client states bind buffers set pointers unbind buffers bind index buffer draw elements unbind index buffer disable client states Is there something wrong with the order in which I'm calling the functions, or is it a more specific code error? EDIT: here's some of the code Code for setting pointers: //element is the vertex attribute being drawn (e.g. normals, colors, etc.) static void makeElementPointer(VertexBufferElements::VBOElement element, Shader *shade, void *elementLocation) { //elementLocation is BUFFER_OFFSET(n) if a buffer is bound switch (element) { .... glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, elementLocation); //changes based on element .... //but I'm only dealing with } //vertices for now } And that's basically all the code that isn't just a straight OpenGL function call.

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• Possible / How to render to multiple back buffers, using one as a shader resource when rendering to the other, and vice versa?

  - by Raptormeat

  I'm making a game in Direct3D10. For several of my rendering passes, I need to change the behavior of the pass depending on what is already rendered on the back buffer. (For example, I'd like to do some custom blending- when the destination color is dark, do one thing; when it is light, do another). It looks like I'll need to create multiple render targets and render back and forth between them. What's the best way to do this? Create my own render textures, use them, and then copy the final result into the back buffer. Create multiple back buffers, render between them, and then present the last one that was rendered to. Create one render texture, and one back buffer, render between them, and just ensure that the back buffer is the final target rendered to I'm not sure which of these is possible, and if there are any performance issues that aren't obvious. Clearly my preference would be to have 2 rather than 3 default render targets, if possible.

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• How do I put different textures on different walls? LWJGL

  - by lehermj

  So far I have it so you are running around in a box, but all of the walls are the same texture! I've loaded up other textures for the walls (I want the walls a different texture than the floor) but it seems as if its being ignored... Here's my code: int floorTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("floor.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int wallTexture = glGenTextures(); { InputStream in = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("walls.png"); PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(in); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight()); decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, Format.RGBA); buffer.flip(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, wallTexture); } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to find the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Failed to load the texture files."); ex.printStackTrace(); Display.destroy(); System.exit(1); } finally { if (in != null) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } int ceilingDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(ceilingDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int wallDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(wallDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // North wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // West wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); // East wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, -gridSize); // South wall glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, ceilingHeight, +gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(+gridSize, floorHeight, +gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList(); int floorDisplayList = glGenLists(1); glNewList(floorDisplayList, GL_COMPILE); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glTexCoord2f(0, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(-gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, gridSize * 10 * tileSize); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, gridSize); glTexCoord2f(gridSize * 10 * tileSize, 0); glVertex3f(gridSize, floorHeight, -gridSize); glEnd(); glEndList();

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• Using texture() in combination with JBox2D

  - by Valentino Ru

  I'm getting some trouble using the texture() method inside beginShape()/endShape() clause. In the display()-method of my class TowerElement (a bar which is DYNAMIC), I draw the object like following: void display(){ Vec2 pos = level.getLevel().getBodyPixelCoord(body); float a = body.getAngle(); // needed for rotation pushMatrix(); translate(pos.x, pos.y); rotate(-a); fill(temp); // temp is a color defined in the constructor stroke(0); beginShape(); vertex(-w/2,-h/2); vertex(w/2,-h/2); vertex(w/2,h-h/2); vertex(-w/2,h-h/2); endShape(CLOSE); popMatrix(); } Now, according to the API, I can use the texture() method inside the shape definition. Now when I remove the fill(temp) and put texture(img) (img is a PImage defined in the constructor), the stroke gets drawn, but the bar isn't filled and I get the warning texture() is not available with this renderer What can I do in order to use textures anyway? I don't even understand the error message, since I do not know much about different renderers.

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• Multiple vulnerabilities in libexif

  - by Umang_D

  CVE DescriptionCVSSv2 Base ScoreComponentProduct and Resolution CVE-2012-2812 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability 6.4 libexif Solaris 11 11/11 SRU 12.4 CVE-2012-2813 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability 6.4 CVE-2012-2814 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability 7.5 CVE-2012-2836 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability 6.4 CVE-2012-2837 Numeric Errors vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2012-2840 Numeric Errors vulnerability 7.5 CVE-2012-2841 Numeric Errors vulnerability 7.5 CVE-2012-2845 Numeric Errors vulnerability 6.4 This notification describes vulnerabilities fixed in third-party components that are included in Oracle's product distributions.Information about vulnerabilities affecting Oracle products can be found on Oracle Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts page.

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• Proper way to do texture mapping in modern OpenGL?

  - by RubyKing

  I'm trying to do texture mapping using OpenGL 3.3 and GLSL 150. The problem is the texture shows but has this weird flicker I can show a video here. My texcords are in a vertex array. I have my fragment color set to the texture values and texel values. I have my vertex shader sending the texture cords to texture cordinates to be used in the fragment shader. I have my ins and outs setup and I still don't know what I'm missing that could be causing that flicker. Here is my code: Fragment shader #version 150 uniform sampler2D texture; in vec2 texture_coord; varying vec3 texture_coordinate; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = texture(texture, texture_coord); } Vertex shader #version 150 in vec4 position; out vec2 texture_coordinate; out vec2 texture_coord; uniform vec3 translations; void main() { texture_coord = (texture_coordinate); gl_Position = vec4(position.xyz + translations.xyz, 1.0); } Last bit Here is my vertex array with texture coordinates: GLfloat vVerts[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}; //tex x and y If you need to see all the code, here is a link to every file. Thank you for your help.

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• Can printf change its parameters??

  - by martani_net

  EDIT: complete code with main is here http://codepad.org/79aLzj2H and once again this is were the weird behavious is happening for (i = 0; i<tab_size; i++) { //CORRECT OUTPUT printf("%s\n", tableau[i].capitale); printf("%s", tableau[i].pays); printf("%s\n", tableau[i].commentaire); //WRONG OUTPUT //printf("%s --- %s --- %s |\n", tableau[i].capitale, tableau[i].pays, tableau[i].commentaire); } I have an array of the following strcuture struct T_info { char capitale[255]; char pays[255]; char commentaire[255]; }; struct T_info *tableau; This is how the array is populated int advance(FILE *f) { char c; c = getc(f); if(c == '\n') return 0; while(c != EOF && (c == ' ' || c == '\t')) { c = getc(f); } return fseek(f, -1, SEEK_CUR); } int get_word(FILE *f, char * buffer) { char c; int count = 0; int space = 0; while((c = getc(f)) != EOF) { if (c == '\n') { buffer[count] = '\0'; return -2; } if ((c == ' ' || c == '\t') && space < 1) { buffer[count] = c; count ++; space++; } else { if (c != ' ' && c != '\t') { buffer[count] = c; count ++; space = 0; } else /* more than one space*/ { advance(f); break; } } } buffer[count] = '\0'; if(c == EOF) return -1; return count; } void fill_table(FILE *f,struct T_info *tab) { int line = 0, column = 0; fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET); char buffer[MAX_LINE]; char c; int res; int i = 0; while((res = get_word(f, buffer)) != -999) { switch(column) { case 0: strcpy(tab[line].capitale, buffer); column++; break; case 1: strcpy(tab[line].pays, buffer); column++; break; default: strcpy(tab[line].commentaire, buffer); column++; break; } /*if I printf each one alone here, everything works ok*/ //last word in line if (res == -2) { if (column == 2) { strcpy(tab[line].commentaire, " "); } //wrong output here printf("%s -- %s -- %s\n", tab[line].capitale, tab[line].pays, tab[line].commentaire); column = 0; line++; continue; } column = column % 3; if (column == 0) { line++; } /*EOF reached*/ if(res == -1) return; } return ; } Edit : trying this printf("%s -- ", tab[line].capitale); printf("%s --", tab[line].pays); printf("%s --\n", tab[line].commentaire); gives me as result -- --abi -- Emirats arabes unis I expect to get Abu Dhabi -- Emirats arabes unis -- Am I missing something?

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• IOException during blocking network NIO in JDK 1.7

  - by Bass

  I'm just learning NIO, and here's the short example I've written to test how a blocking NIO can be interrupted: class TestBlockingNio { private static final boolean INTERRUPT_VIA_THREAD_INTERRUPT = true; /** * Prevent the socket from being GC'ed */ static Socket socket; private static SocketChannel connect(final int port) { while (true) { try { final SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress(port)); channel.configureBlocking(true); return channel; } catch (final IOException ioe) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (final InterruptedException ie) { } continue; } } } private static byte[] newBuffer(final int length) { final byte buffer[] = new byte[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { buffer[i] = (byte) 'A'; } return buffer; } public static void main(final String args[]) throws IOException, InterruptedException { final int portNumber = 10000; new Thread("Reader") { public void run() { try { final ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(portNumber); socket = serverSocket.accept(); /* * Fully ignore any input from the socket */ } catch (final IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } } }.start(); final SocketChannel channel = connect(portNumber); final Thread main = Thread.currentThread(); final Thread interruptor = new Thread("Inerruptor") { public void run() { System.out.println("Press Enter to interrupt I/O "); while (true) { try { System.in.read(); } catch (final IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("Interrupting..."); if (INTERRUPT_VIA_THREAD_INTERRUPT) { main.interrupt(); } else { try { channel.close(); } catch (final IOException ioe) { System.out.println(ioe.getMessage()); } } } } }; interruptor.setDaemon(true); interruptor.start(); final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(32768); int i = 0; try { while (true) { buffer.clear(); buffer.put(newBuffer(buffer.capacity())); buffer.flip(); channel.write(buffer); System.out.print('X'); if (++i % 80 == 0) { System.out.println(); Thread.sleep(100); } } } catch (final ClosedByInterruptException cbie) { System.out.println("Closed via Thread.interrupt()"); } catch (final AsynchronousCloseException ace) { System.out.println("Closed via Channel.close()"); } } } In the above example, I'm writing to a SocketChannel, but noone is reading from the other side, so eventually the write operation hangs. This example works great when run by JDK-1.6, with the following output: Press Enter to interrupt I/O XXXX Interrupting... Closed via Thread.interrupt() — meaning that only 128k of data was written to the TCP socket's buffer. When run by JDK-1.7 (1.7.0_25-b15 and 1.7.0-u40-b37), however, the very same code bails out with an IOException: Press Enter to interrupt I/O XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Broken pipe at sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.write0(Native Method) at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.write(SocketDispatcher.java:47) at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.writeFromNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:93) at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.write(IOUtil.java:65) at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.write(SocketChannelImpl.java:487) at com.example.TestBlockingNio.main(TestBlockingNio.java:109) Can anyone explain this different behaviour?

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• QuickGraph - How can I associate an Edge with a Class? (i.e. like you can with a Vertex)

  - by Greg

  Hi, Q1 - How can I associate an Edge with a Class? (i.e. like you can with a Vertex) In my case there are various types of edges I want to be able to model. So my real question I guess is how can I associate some level of data with Edges (e.g. edge type). The graph I was looking at using was: http://quickgraph.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=BidirectionalGraph&referringTitle=Documentation thanks

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• How should I change my Graph structure (very slow insertion)?

  - by Nazgulled

  Hi, This program I'm doing is about a social network, which means there are users and their profiles. The profiles structure is UserProfile. Now, there are various possible Graph implementations and I don't think I'm using the best one. I have a Graph structure and inside, there's a pointer to a linked list of type Vertex. Each Vertex element has a value, a pointer to the next Vertex and a pointer to a linked list of type Edge. Each Edge element has a value (so I can define weights and whatever it's needed), a pointer to the next Edge and a pointer to the Vertex owner. I have a 2 sample files with data to process (in CSV style) and insert into the Graph. The first one is the user data (one user per line); the second one is the user relations (for the graph). The first file is quickly inserted into the graph cause I always insert at the head and there's like ~18000 users. The second file takes ages but I still insert the edges at the head. The file has about ~520000 lines of user relations and takes between 13-15mins to insert into the Graph. I made a quick test and reading the data is pretty quickly, instantaneously really. The problem is in the insertion. This problem exists because I have a Graph implemented with linked lists for the vertices. Every time I need to insert a relation, I need to lookup for 2 vertices, so I can link them together. This is the problem... Doing this for ~520000 relations, takes a while. How should I solve this? Solution 1) Some people recommended me to implement the Graph (the vertices part) as an array instead of a linked list. This way I have direct access to every vertex and the insertion is probably going to drop considerably. But, I don't like the idea of allocating an array with [18000] elements. How practically is this? My sample data has ~18000, but what if I need much less or much more? The linked list approach has that flexibility, I can have whatever size I want as long as there's memory for it. But the array doesn't, how am I going to handle such situation? What are your suggestions? Using linked lists is good for space complexity but bad for time complexity. And using an array is good for time complexity but bad for space complexity. Any thoughts about this solution? Solution 2) This project also demands that I have some sort of data structures that allows quick lookup based on a name index and an ID index. For this I decided to use Hash Tables. My tables are implemented with separate chaining as collision resolution and when a load factor of 0.70 is reach, I normally recreate the table. I base the next table size on this http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/GoodHashTablePrimes.html. Currently, both Hash Tables hold a pointer to the UserProfile instead of duplication the user profile itself. That would be stupid, changing data would require 3 changes and it's really dumb to do it that way. So I just save the pointer to the UserProfile. The same user profile pointer is also saved as value in each Graph Vertex. So, I have 3 data structures, one Graph and two Hash Tables and every single one of them point to the same exact UserProfile. The Graph structure will serve the purpose of finding the shortest path and stuff like that while the Hash Tables serve as quick index by name and ID. What I'm thinking to solve my Graph problem is to, instead of having the Hash Tables value point to the UserProfile, I point it to the corresponding Vertex. It's still a pointer, no more and no less space is used, I just change what I point to. Like this, I can easily and quickly lookup for each Vertex I need and link them together. This will insert the ~520000 relations pretty quickly. I thought of this solution because I already have the Hash Tables and I need to have them, then, why not take advantage of them for indexing the Graph vertices instead of the user profile? It's basically the same thing, I can still access the UserProfile pretty quickly, just go to the Vertex and then to the UserProfile. But, do you see any cons on this second solution against the first one? Or only pros that overpower the pros and cons on the first solution? Other Solution) If you have any other solution, I'm all ears. But please explain the pros and cons of that solution over the previous 2. I really don't have much time to be wasting with this right now, I need to move on with this project, so, if I'm doing to do such a change, I need to understand exactly what to change and if that's really the way to go. Hopefully no one fell asleep reading this and closed the browser, sorry for the big testament. But I really need to decide what to do about this and I really need to make a change. P.S: When answering my proposed solutions, please enumerate them as I did so I know exactly what are you talking about and don't confuse my self more than I already am.

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• How Do You Get the bufspec While Using Vimdiff Through Git

  - by Elizabeth Buckwalter

  I've read Vimdiff and Viewing differences with Vimdiff plus doing various google searches using things like "vimdiff multiple", "vimdiff git", "vimdiff commands" etc. When using do or diffg I get the error "More than two buffers in diff mode, don't know which one to use". When using diffg v:fname_in I get "No matching buffer for v:fname_in". From the vimdiff documentation: :[range]diffg[et] [bufspec] Modify the current buffer to undo difference with another buffer. If [bufspec] is given, that buffer is used. If [bufspec] refers to the current buffer then nothing happens. Otherwise this only works if there is one other buffer in diff mode. and more: When 'diffexpr' is not empty, Vim evaluates to obtain a diff file in the format mentioned. These variables are set to the file names used: v:fname_in original file v:fname_new new version of the same file v:fname_out resulting diff file So, I need to get the name of bufspec, but the default variables (fname_in, fname_new, and fname_out) aren't set. I ran the command git mergetool on a linux box through a terminal. [Edit] A partial solution that bred more questions. I used the "filename" at the bottom of the buffer. It's only a half answer, because occasionally I get a file does not exist error. I believe it's consistently the remote version of the file that "does not exist". I suspect this has something to do with git and indexing. How do you get the bufspec value consistently while using vimdiff through git-mergetool?

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