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• Large Switch statements: Bad OOP?

  - by Mystere Man

  I've always been of the opinion that large switch statements are a symptom of bad OOP design. In the past, I've read articles that discuss this topic and they have provided altnerative OOP based approaches, typically based on polymorphism to instantiate the right object to handle the case. I'm now in a situation that has a monsterous switch statement based on a stream of data from a TCP socket in which the protocol consists of basically newline terminated command, followed by lines of data, followed by an end marker. The command can be one of 100 different commands, so I'd like to find a way to reduce this monster switch statement to something more manageable. I've done some googling to find the solutions I recall, but sadly, Google has become a wasteland of irrelevant results for many kinds of queries these days. Are there any patterns for this sort of problem? Any suggestions on possible implementations? One thought I had was to use a dictionary lookup, matching the command text to the object type to instantiate. This has the nice advantage of merely creating a new object and inserting a new command/type in the table for any new commands. However, this also has the problem of type explosion. I now need 100 new classes, plus I have to find a way to interface them cleanly to the data model. Is the "one true switch statement" really the way to go? I'd appreciate your thoughts, opinions, or comments.

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• Creating simple calculator with bison & flex in C++ (not C)

  - by ak91

  Hey, I would like to create simple C++ calculator using bison and flex. Please note I'm new to the creating parsers. I already found few examples in bison/flex but they were all written in C. My goal is to create C++ code, where classes would contain nodes of values, operations, funcs - to create AST (evaluation would be done just after creating whole AST - starting from the root and going forward). For example: my_var = sqrt(9 ** 2 - 32) + 4 - 20 / 5 my_var * 3 Would be parsed as: = / \ my_var + / \ sqrt - | / \ - 4 / / \ / \ ** 32 20 5 / \ 9 2 and the second AST would look like: * / \ my_var 3 Then following pseudocode reflects AST: ast_root = create_node('=', new_variable("my_var"), exp) where exp is: exp = create_node(OPERATOR, val1, val2) but NOT like this: $$ = $1 OPERATOR $3 because this way I directly get value of operation instead of creation the Node. I believe the Node should contain type (of operation), val1 (Node), val2 (Node). In some cases val2 would be NULL, like above mentioned sqrt which takes in the end one argument. Right? It will be nice if you can propose me C++ skeleton (without evaluation) for above described problem (including *.y file creating AST) to help me understand the way of creating/holding Nodes in AST. Code can be snipped, just to let me get the idea. I'll also be grateful if you point me to an existing (possibly simple) example if you know any. Thank you all for your time and assistance!

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• Where should I put validation code?

  - by D Lawson

  I'm creating interfaces and abstract classes that represent a messaging framework for short text-based messages like SMS, email, twitter, xml, etc.. and I was wondering where I should put the message validation code. The thing is that I am only writing the superclasses and interfaces, so I'm not putting the actual implementation in, I'll just put the hooks in that allow others to validate the content of the messages. The way I see it, I could do it several ways: in the abstract superclass "Message", have an abstract method 'isValid'. A variation on this would be to have isValid be called when the Message constructor is called, throwing a MalformedMessageException if the message is formatted incorrectly. in the transport layer, immediately before sending, validate the message. I would have a send(Message) method that calls an isValid(Message) method immediately before it sends. have a singleton message validator with a static method isValid(Message) that is called at some point. I'm sure there are other options that I'm missing. Currently, I'm leaning towards the first one, but it doesn't feel right to me to have validation code in what should be a domain object.

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• StructureMap Open Generic Types

  - by Shane Fulmer

  I have the following classes: public interface IRenderer<T> { string Render(T obj); } public class Generic<T> { } public class SampleGenericRenderer<T> : IRenderer<Generic<T>> { public string Render(Generic<T> obj) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } I would like to be able to call StructureMap with ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IRenderer<Generic<string>>>(); and receive SampleGenericRenderer<string>. I'm currently using the following registration and receiving this error when I call GetInstance. "Unable to cast object of type 'ConsoleApplication1.SampleGenericRenderer'1[ConsoleApplication1.Generic'1[System.String]]' to type 'ConsoleApplication1.IRenderer'1[ConsoleApplication1.Generic'1[System.String]]'." public class CoreRegistry : Registry { public CoreRegistry() { Scan(assemblyScanner => { assemblyScanner.AssemblyContainingType(typeof(IRenderer<>)); assemblyScanner.AddAllTypesOf(typeof(IRenderer<>)); assemblyScanner.ConnectImplementationsToTypesClosing(typeof(IRenderer<>)); }); } } Is there any way to configure StructureMap so that it creates SampleGenericRenderer<string> instead of SampleGenericRenderer<Generic<string>>?

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• LINQ to SQL: NOTing a prebuilt expression

  - by ck

  I'm building a library of functions for one of my core L2S classes, all of which return a bool to allow checking for certain situations. Example: Expression<Func<Account, bool>> IsSomethingX = a => a.AccountSupplementary != null && a.AccountSupplementary.SomethingXFlag != null && a.AccountSupplementary.SomethingXFlag.Value; Now to query where this is not true, I CAN'T do this: var myAccounts= context.Accounts .Where(!IsSomethingX); // does not compile However, using the syntax from the PredicateBuilder class, I've come up with this: public static IQueryable<T> WhereNot<T>(this IQueryable<T> items, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1) { var invokedExpr = Expression.Invoke(expr1, expr1.Parameters.Cast<Expression>()); return items.Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>> (Expression.Not(invokedExpr), expr1.Parameters)); } var myAccounts= context.Accounts .WhereNot(IsSomethingX); // does compile which actually produces the correct SQL. Does this look like a good solution, and is there anything I need to be aware of that might cause me problems in future?

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• GUI for server-client program

  - by sksingh73

  I am making a server-client application in c++. In this i am also using shared memory & file read-write operations. my program is completely ready & i now wants to make a gui for it. someone suggested me to go for QT4, but when i tried it, i found i have to re-write 80% of the code because QT has got its own classes & variable. i don't want to do it. i want suggestions from you on this regard. my requirements for gui are very simple i.e there will be a main form, which will have two text boxes in which all messages being sent & received by client & server should be shown. there should be another lineedit box, through which i can send the messages to the other end server. I don't know how to make this gui. someone suggested tcl/tk, other suggested me use php/swig. i am not sure how to go about this. my only requirement is that i want to make this simple gui with minimum of changes in my code. THANX

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• CSS Sprite for images which have vertical as well as horizontal repeats

  - by Rachel

  I have four images, one of which has background repeat property in horizontal direction and three of which have background repeat in vertical direction. I have different CSS classes which currently uses this images as under: .sb_header_dropdown { background: url(images/shopping_dropdown_bg.gif) repeat-y top left; padding: 8px 3px 8px 15px; } .shopping_basket_dropdown .sb_body { background: url(images/shopping_dropdown_body_bg.png) repeat-y top left; margin: 0; padding: 5px 9px 5px 8px; position: relative; z-index: 99999; } .checkout_cart .co_header_left { background: url(images/bg.gif) repeat-x 0 -150px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 3px; } .sb_dropdown_footer { background: url(images/shopping_dropdown_footer_bg.png) repeat-y top left; clear: both; height: 7px; font-size: 0; } So here am making 4 HTTP Request and I want to implement CSS Sprite for all 4 images such that I can reduce the number of HTTP Request from 4 to 1, also thing to keep in mind is that here we have background repeat for all 4 images, either on x-direction or on y-direction and so how should sprite be created and how it can be used in the CSS to reduce the number of HTTP request. I hope this question is clear.

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• JSP displaying source code instead of executing

  - by DJStroky

  I'm new to jsp and have ran into some trouble. Initially, the jsp file and associated java classes were built and tested fine on a test Tomcat server. Now, they've been transitioned to another server of what I believe is the same setup (except it's linux now instead of windows). But when the jsp page is accessed the source code is displayed instead of the jsp actually executing. I've googled for a while but received no success. I had thought that this page might solve the problem since there was no reference to the jsp file I was using or even the following snippets in my web.xml file in the WEB-INF folder: <servlet> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>logVerbosityLevel</param-name> <param-value>WARNING</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> I tried inserting these lines and restarting Tomcat, but no success. Any ideas?

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• Best practice on structuring asynchronous mailers (using Sidekiq)

  - by gbdev

  Just wondering what's the best way to go about structuring asynchronous mailers in my Rails app (using Sidekiq)? I have one ActionMailer class with multiple methods/emails... notifier.rb: class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base default from: "\"Company Name\" <[email protected]>" default_url_options[:host] = Rails.env.production? ? 'domain.com' : 'localhost:5000' def welcome_email(user) @user = user mail to: @user.email, subject: "Thanks for signing up!" end ... def password_reset(user) @user = user @edit_password_reset_url = edit_password_reset_url(user.perishable_token) mail to: @user.email, subject: "Password Reset" end end Then for example, the password_reset mail is sent in my User model by doing... user.rb: def deliver_password_reset_instructions! reset_perishable_token! NotifierWorker.perform_async(self) end notifier_worker.rb: class NotifierWorker include Sidekiq::Worker sidekiq_options queue: "mail" def perform(user) Notifier.password_reset(user).deliver end end So I guess I'm wondering a couple things here... Is it possible to define many "perform" actions in one single worker? By doing so I could keep things simple (one notifier/mail worker) as I have it and send many different emails through it. Or should I create many workers? One for each mailer (e.g. WelcomeEmailWorker, PasswordResetWorker, etc) and just assign them all to use the same "mail" queue with Sidekiq. I know it works as it is, but should I break out each of those mail methods (welcome_email, password_reset, etc) into individually mailer classes or is it ok to have them all under one class like Notifier? Really appreciate any advice here. Thanks!

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• Connect 4 C# (How to draw the grid)

  - by Matt Wilde

  I've worked out most of the code and have several game classes. The one bit I'm stuck on at the moment, it how to draw the actual Connect 4 grid. Can anyone tell me what's wrong with this for loop? I get no errors but the grid doesn't appear. I'm using C#. private void Drawgrid() { Brush b = Brushes.Black; Pen p = Pens.Black; for (int xCoor = XStart, col = 0; xCoor < XStart + ColMax * DiscSpace; xCoor += DiscSpace, col++) // x coordinate beginning; while the x coordinate is smaller than the max column size, times it by // the space between each disc and then add the x coord to the disc space in order to create a new circle. for (int yCoor = YStart, row = RowMax - 1; yCoor < YStart + RowMax * DiscScale; yCoor += DiscScale, row--) { switch (Grid.State[row, col]) { case GameGrid.Gridvalues.Red: b = Brushes.Red; break; case GameGrid.Gridvalues.Yellow: b = Brushes.Yellow; break; case GameGrid.Gridvalues.None: b = Brushes.Aqua; break; } MainDisplay.DrawEllipse(p, xCoor, yCoor, 50, 50); MainDisplay.FillEllipse(b, xCoor, yCoor, 50, 50); } Invalidate(); } Thanks.

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• How do I reference an instance of a class using its tag?

  - by Matt Winters

  I have several instances of a UIControl class Foo being instantiated, one instance corresponding to each cell in a UITableView. The Class has: BOOL selected; UIImageView *imageView; UIImage *imageOne; UIImage *imageTwo; I've assigned each instance a tag: foo.tag = indexPath.row; I would now like to reference the UIImageView.image for a (or several) specific instance(s) by its tag to switch it to the other image. In my search I've seen things like classes being assigned tags using initWithTag (I assume they're assigning tags)... SomeClass *someClass = [[SomeClass alloc]initWithTag:1 ... [someArray addObject: [[SomeClass alloc]initWithTag:2 ... [someArray addObject: [[SomeClass alloc]initWithTag:3 ... ...but I haven't seen how they are later referenced by that tag. I have seen a reference to getChildByTag which had promise, but I can't find it in the documentation or examples (maybe not iphone). Does anyone know how reference the imageView.image within an instance using its tag? Thanks

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• Is there a proper and wrong way to format CSS?

  - by DavidR

  When I first started writing CSS, I was writing it in an expanded form div.class { margin: 10px 5px 3px; border: 1px solid #333; font-weight: bold; } .class .subclass { text-align:right; } but now I find myself writing css like this: (Example from code I'm actually writing now) .object1 {} .scrollButton{width:44px;height:135px;} .scrollButton img {padding:51px 0 0 23px;} .object2 {width:165px;height:94px;margin:15px 0 0 23px;padding:15px 0 0 10px;background:#fff;} .featuredObject .symbol{line-height:30px; padding-top:6px;} .featuredObject .value {width:90px;} .featuredObject .valueChange {padding:5px 0 0 0;} .featuredObject img {position:absolute;margin:32px 0 0 107px;} and I'm beginning to worry because a lot of the time I see the first form done in examples online, while I find the second form a lot easier for me to work with. It has a lower vertical height, so I can see all the classes at a glance with less scrolling, the tabulation of the hierarchy seems more apparent, and it looks more like code I'd write with javascript or html. Is this a valid way of doing code, or to keep with standards when putting it online should I use the vertical form instead?

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• Why can't I create an abstract constructor on an abstract C# class?

  - by Anthony D

  I am creating an abstract class. I want each of my derived classes to be forced to implement a specific signature of constructor. As such, I did what I would have done has I wanted to force them to implement a method, I made an abstract one. public abstract class A { abstract A(int a, int b); } However I get a message saying the abstract modifier is invalid on this item. My goal was to force some code like this. public class B : A { public B(int a, int b) : base(a, b) { //Some other awesome code. } } This is all C# .NET code. Can anyone help me out? Update 1 I wanted to add some things. What I ended up with was this. private A() { } protected A(int a, int b) { //Code } That does what some folks are saying, default is private, and the class needs to implement a constructor. However that doesn't FORCE a constructor with the signature A(int a, int b). public abstract class A { protected abstract A(int a, int b) { } } Update 2 I should be clear, to work around this I made my default constructor private, and my other constructor protected. I am not really looking for a way to make my code work. I took care of that. I am looking to understand why C# does not let you do this.

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• Alternate colors on click with jQuery

  - by Jace Cotton

  I'm sure there is a simple solution to this, and I'm sure this is a duplicate question, though I have been unable to solve my solution particularly because I don't really know how to phrase it in order to search for other questions/solutions, so I'm coming here hoping for some help. Basically, I have spans with classes that assigns a background-color property, and inside those spans are words. I have three of these spans, and each time a user clicks on a span I want the class to change (thus changing the background color and inner text). HTML: <span class="alternate"> <span class="blue showing">Lorem</span> <span class="green">Ipsum</span> <span class="red">Dolor</span> </span> CSS: .alternate span { display : none } .alternate .showing { display : inline } .blue { background : blue } .green { background : green } .red { background : red } jQuery: $(".alternate span").each(function() { $(this).on("click", function() { $(this).removeClass("showing"); $(this).next().addClass("showing"); }); }); This solution works great using $.next until I get to the third click, whereafter .showing is removed, and is not added since there are no more $.next options. How do I, after getting to the last-child, add .showing to the first-child and then start over? I have tried various options including if($(".alternate span:last-child").hasClass("showing")) { etc. etc. }, and I attempted to use an array and for loop though I failed to make it work. Newb question, I know, but I can't seem to solve this so as a last resort I'm coming here.

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• Implementation help... Subclass NSManagedObject?

  - by Canada Dev

  I'm working on an app where I have some products that I download in a list. The downloaded products are displayed in a table and each will is showing a detail view with more information. These same products can be saved as a favorite, and for this I am using Core Data. I'd like to be able to re-use a bunch of views for displaying the products, which means the stores object and the downloaded object would have to be the same kind. Now, how would I go about best implementing the objects? Can I make a class such as this: FavoriteProduct : NSManageObject // implementation and then subclass Product : FavoriteProduct // implementation ? The CD class just doesn't give me everything. What would be the best way to merge these two object classes so I have as little work ahead of me in terms of implementing the different views for each object? Basically, I just want to be able to call the same methods, etc. on the Product objects as I would on the ones that are FavoriteProduct objects, and re-use views for both kinds. There's only a bit of difference between the two (one is of course stored as a favorite and has some extra values such as notes, tags, while the Product one doesn't). Thanks in advance

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• Proper structure for dependency injection (using Guice)

  - by David B.

  I would like some suggestions and feedback on the best way to structure dependency injection for a system with the structure described below. I'm using Guice and thus would prefer solutions centered around it's annotation-based declarations, not XML-heavy Spring-style configuration. Consider a set of similar objects, Ball, Box, and Tube, each dependent on a Logger, supplied via the constructor. (This might not be important, but all four classes happen to be singletons --- of the application, not Gang-of-Four, variety.) A ToyChest class is responsible for creating and managing the three shape objects. ToyChest itself is not dependent on Logger, aside from creating the shape objects which are. The ToyChest class is instantiated as an application singleton in a Main class. I'm confused about the best way to construct the shapes in ToyChest. I either (1) need access to a Guice Injector instance already attached to a Module binding Logger to an implementation or (2) need to create a new Injector attached to the right Module. (1) is accomplished by adding an @Inject Injector injectorfield to ToyChest, but this feels weird because ToyChest doesn't actually have any direct dependencies --- only those of the children it instantiates. For (2), I'm not sure how to pass in the appropriate Module. Am I on the right track? Is there a better way to structure this? The answers to this question mention passing in a Provider instead of using the Injector directly, but I'm not sure how that is supposed to work. EDIT: Perhaps a more simple question is: when using Guice, where is the proper place to construct the shapes objects? ToyChest will do some configuration with them, but I suppose they could be constructed elsewhere. ToyChest (as the container managing them), and not Main, just seems to me like the appropriate place to construct them.

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• jQuery script works in Firefox but not in IE. Why am I not surprised?

  - by Ben Tew

  I'm working with the context of a CMS system and trying to turn seperate div's into tabs. You can see it at http://www.wtvynews4.com/test I've kludged together some code from a tutorial site. <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function() { //When page loads... $("div[ondblclick$='87119417']").attr("id", "87119417"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119482']").attr("id", "87119482"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119672']").attr("id", "87119672"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119727']").attr("id", "87119727"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119812']").attr("id", "87119812"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119417']").addClass("tab_content"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119482']").addClass("tab_content"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119672']").addClass("tab_content"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119727']").addClass("tab_content"); $("div[ondblclick$='87119812']").addClass("tab_content"); $(".tab_content").hide(); //Hide all content $("ul.morenewstabs li:first").addClass("active").show(); //Activate first tab $(".tab_content:first").show(); //Show first tab content //On Click Event $("ul.morenewstabs li").click(function() { $("ul.morenewstabs li").removeClass("active"); //Remove any "active" class $(this).addClass("active"); //Add "active" class to selected tab $(".tab_content").hide(); //Hide all tab content var activeTab = $(this).find("a").attr("href"); //Find the href attribute value to identify the active tab + content $(activeTab).show(); //Fade in the active ID content return false; }); }); </script> Everything works fine in Firefox but not IE. can you provide any assistance? When the page loads the attribute ID's and classes aren't assigned. I tried changing jQuery(function() { to $(document).ready(function() still no luck.

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• Matching Class arrays

  - by frinkz

  I'm writing a routine to invoke methods, found by a name and an array of parameter Class values Matching the Method by getName works, but when trying to match the given Class[] for parameters, and Method.getParameterTypes(), I'm having trouble. I assumed that this would work: Class[] searchParams = new Class[] { float.class, String.class }; Class[] methodParams = m.getParameterTypes(); if(methodParams == searchParams) { m.invoke(this, paramValues); } But apparantly not - m.invoke is never reached. I've checked, and methodParams gives the same classes as searchParams. The code below works, and picks the right method, but it seems like a very dirty way of doing things, I'm sure I'm missing something obvious. Class[] searchParams = new Class[] { float.class, String.class }; Class[] methodParams = m.getParameterTypes(); boolean isMatch = true; for(int i = 0; i < searchParams.length; i++) { if(!searchParams.getClass().equals(methodParams.getClass())) { isMatch = false; } } if(isMatch) { m.invoke(this, paramValues); }

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• How difficult is it to write our own Robots API, similar to G Wave Robots API ? Please read the deta

  - by user169650

  Consider the following entities : a) My own Wave-server b) My own Robots API c) Tomcat d) Google wave server/any other wave server Let us consider that a and d interact with one another via Google wave federation protocol. Now, I want to write my own Robots API in Java (similar to that of G Wave Robots API) using which I want to create Robots; which I want to host in entity c), which may in-turn connect to a) for listening to events and responding with operations. Let us consider that a) is already in place, i.e. implemented. Let us also consider that the Robot running on tomcat and entity a) are co-located, so that we do not need to use JSON-RPC for receiving events/sending operations; instead we can use Java interfaces. Now, my questions are : 1.How much of an effort is it to write my own Robots API to run on a tomcat container ? 2.What are the salient points to be taken care of ? Am I missing some important point here ? 3.How can I reuse some of the classes/packages/interfaces (e.g. com.google.wave.api.AbstractRobot, com.google.wave.api.event) with little/no changes at all ?

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• Pass object or id

  - by Charles

  This is just a question about best practices. Imagine you have a method that takes one parameter. This parameter is the id of an object. Ideally, I would like to be able to pass either the object's id directly, or just the object itself. What is the most elegant way to do this? I came up with the following: def method_name object object_id = object.to_param.to_i ### do whatever needs to be done with that object_id end So, if the parameter already is an id, it just pretty much stays the same; if it's an object, it gets its id. This works, but I feel like this could be better. Also, to_param returns a string, which could in some cases return a "real" string (i.e. "string" instead of "2"), hence returning 0 upon calling to_i on it. This could happen, for example, when using the friendly id gem for classes. Active record offers the same functionality. It doesn't matter if you say: Table.where(user_id: User.first.id) # pass in id or Table.where(user_id: User.first) # pass in object and infer id How do they do it? What is the best approach to achieve this effect?

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• How do i prevent my code from being stolen?

  - by Calmarius

  What happens exactly when I launch a .NET exe? I know that C# is compiled to IL code and I think the generated exe file just a launcher that starts the runtime and passes the IL code to it. But how? And how complex process is it? IL code is embedded in the exe. I think it can be executed from the memory without writing it to the disk while ordinary exe's are not (ok, yes but it is very complicated). My final aim is extracting the IL code and write my own encrypted launcher to prevent scriptkiddies to open my code in Reflector and just steal all my classes easily. Well I can't prevent reverse engineering completely. If they are able to inspect the memory and catch the moment when I'm passing the pure IL to the runtime then it won't matter if it is a .net exe or not, is it? I know there are several obfuscator tools but I don't want to mess up the IL code itself. EDIT: so it seems it isn't worth trying what I wanted. They will crack it anyway... So I will look for an obfuscation tool. And yes my friends said too that it is enough to rename all symbols to a meaningless name. And reverse engineering won't be so easy after all.

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• Need some advice on MVC separation..

  - by Zenph

  I should note I am using Zend Framework. Although this shouldn't affect the concrete answer, it does mean there are several places I can implement my following method (action helper, controller etc). The issue is I have buildOptions() and parseOptions() method which takes $_GET/$_POST variables based on a 'tag' and builds rules which are then used in a select query. An example would be ?modelSort=id&modelOrder=asc The 'model' in the above obviously relates to the particular model, and it used as a 'tag' so that I can for example also have model2Sort and model2Order so there is no conflict between parameters. However, the trouble I am having now is where should these methods go? They are generally dealing with request params. I have been reading a lot about fat model, thin controller. Should this be in an abstract model. My thinking was that if it were, I would do something like: (note, I know I wouldn't call directly like this. Method would be used by child classes) $abstractModel-buildOptions($params); Where 'params' could be anything, like the request parameters $_GET or $_POST: $abstractModel-buildOptions($_GET); Now from what I can see the model is not inherintly dealing with request variables but rather parameters passed to the method. Advice? Where does this method belong? Model, Controller? Specifically on Zend, should it be an action helper, plugin, within an abstract model? Appreciate any advice.

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• Wouldn't it be nice to have a type variable referring to the class's instance.

  - by user93197

  I often have a pattern like this: class VectorBase<SubClass, Element> where SubClass : VectorBase<SubClass, Element>, new() where Element : Addable<Element> { Element[] data; public VectorBase(Element[] data) { this.data = data; } public SubClass add(SubClass second) { Element[] newData = new Element[data.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < newData.Length; i++) { newData[i] = data[i].add(second.data[i]); } SubClass result = new SubClass(); result.data = newData; return result; } } class VectorInt : VectorBase<VectorInt, Int32> { } class MyInt : Addable<MyInt> { int data; public MyInt(int data) { this.data = data; } public MyInt add(MyInt t) { return new MyInt(data + t.data); } } interface Addable<T> { T add(T t); } But I would rather just have: class VectorBase2<Element> where Element : Addable<Element> { Element[] data; public VectorBase(Element[] data) { this.data = data; } public SubClass add(SubClass second) { Element[] newData = new Element[data.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < newData.Length; i++) { newData[i] = data[i].add(second.data[i]); } SubClass result = new SubClass(data); return result; } } class VectorInt2 : VectorBase2<Int32> { } Why not make the subclass type available to all classes? Is this technically impossible?

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• What was your "aha moment" in understanding delegates?

  - by CM90

  Considering the use of delegates in C#, does anyone know if there is a performance advantage or if it is a convenience to the programmer? If we are creating an object that holds a method, it sounds as if that object would be a constant in memory to be called on, instead of loading the method every time it is called. For example, if we look at the following Unity3D-based code: public delegate H MixedTypeDelegate<G, H>(G g) public class MainParent : MonoBehaviour // Most Unity classes inherit from M.B. { public static Vector3 getPosition(GameObject g) { /* GameObject is a Unity class, and Vector3 is a struct from M.B. The "position" component of a GameObject is a Vector3. This method takes the GameObject I pass to it & returns its position. */ return g.transform.position; } public static MixedTypeDelegate<GameObject, Vector3> PositionOf; void Awake( ) // Awake is the first method called in Unity, always. { PositionOf = MixedTypeDelegate<GameObject, Vector3>(getPosition); } } public class GameScript : MainParent { GameObject g = new GameObject( ); Vector3 whereAmI; void Update( ) { // Now I can say: whereAmI = PositionOf(g); // Instead of: whereAmI = getPosition(g); } } . . . But that seems like an extra step - unless there's that extra little thing that it helps. I suppose the most succinct way to ask a second question would be to say: When you had your aha moment in understanding delegates, what was the context/scenario/source? Thank you!

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• Creating mock Objects in PHP unit

  - by Mike

  Hi, I've searched but can't quite find what I'm looking for and the manual isn't much help in this respect. I'm fairly new to unit testing, so not sure if I'm on the right track at all. Anyway, onto the question. I have a class: <?php class testClass { public function doSomething($array_of_stuff) { return AnotherClass::returnRandomElement($array_of_stuff); } } ?> Now, clearly I want the AnotherClass::returnRandomElement($array_of_stuff); to return the same thing every time. My question is, in my unit test, how do I mockup this object? I've tried adding the AnotherClass to the top of the test file, but when I want to test AnotherClass I get the "Cannot redeclare class" error. I think I understand factory classes, but I'm not sure how I would apply that in this instance. Would I need to write an entirely seperate AnotherClass class which contained test data and then use the Factory class to load that instead of the real AnotherClass? Or is using the Factory pattern just a red herring. I tried this: $RedirectUtils_stub = $this->getMockForAbstractClass('RedirectUtils'); $o1 = new stdClass(); $o1->id = 2; $o1->test_id = 2; $o1->weight = 60; $o1->data = "http://www.google.com/?ffdfd=fdfdfdfd?route=1"; $RedirectUtils_stub->expects($this->any()) ->method('chooseRandomRoot') ->will($this->returnValue($o1)); $RedirectUtils_stub->expects($this->any()) ->method('decodeQueryString') ->will($this->returnValue(array())); in the setUp() function, but these stubs are ignored and I can't work out whether it's something I'm doing wrong, or the way I'm accessing the AnotherClass methods. Help! This is driving me nuts.

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