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  • Simple OpenGL program major slow down at high resolution

    - by Grieverheart
    I have created a small OpenGL 3.3 (Core) program using freeglut. The whole geometry is two boxes and one plane with some textures. I can move around like in an FPS and that's it. The problem is I face a big slow down of fps when I make my window large (i.e. above 1920x1080). I have monitors GPU usage when in full-screen and it shows GPU load of nearly 100% and Memory Controller load of ~85%. When at 600x600, these numbers are at about 45%, my CPU is also at full load. I use deferred rendering at the moment but even when forward rendering, the slow down was nearly as severe. I can't imagine my GPU is not powerful enough for something this simple when I play many games at 1080p (I have a GeForce GT 120M btw). Below are my shaders, First Pass #VS #version 330 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform float scale; layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_Position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 in_Normal; layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; void main(void){ pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } #FS #version 330 core uniform sampler2D inSampler; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; layout(location = 0) out vec3 outPosition; layout(location = 1) out vec3 outDiffuse; layout(location = 2) out vec3 outNormal; void main(void){ outPosition = pass_Position; outDiffuse = texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz; outNormal = pass_Normal; } Second Pass #VS #version 330 core uniform float scale; layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_Position; void main(void){ gl_Position = mat4(1.0) * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } #FS #version 330 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform ivec2 ScreenSize; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D PositionMap; uniform sampler2D ColorMap; uniform sampler2D NormalMap; out vec4 out_Color; vec2 CalcTexCoord(void){ return gl_FragCoord.xy / ScreenSize; } vec4 CalcLight(vec3 position, vec3 normal){ vec4 DiffuseColor = vec4(0.0); vec4 SpecularColor = vec4(0.0); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); float diffuse = max(0.0, dot(normal, light_Direction)); if(diffuse 0.0){ DiffuseColor = diffuse * vec4(1.0); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float specular = max(0.0, dot(normal, half_vector)); float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); SpecularColor = fspecular * vec4(1.0); } return DiffuseColor + SpecularColor + vec4(0.1); } void main(void){ vec2 TexCoord = CalcTexCoord(); vec3 Position = texture(PositionMap, TexCoord).xyz; vec3 Color = texture(ColorMap, TexCoord).xyz; vec3 Normal = normalize(texture(NormalMap, TexCoord).xyz); out_Color = vec4(Color, 1.0) * CalcLight(Position, Normal); } Is it normal for the GPU to be used that much under the described circumstances? Is it due to poor performance of freeglut? I understand that the problem could be specific to my code, but I can't paste the whole code here, if you need more info, please tell me.

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  • Is there any hueristic to polygonize a closed 2d-raster shape with n triangles?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    Lets say we have a 2d image black on white that shows a closed geometric shape. Is there any (not naive brute force) algorithm that approximates that shape as closely as possible with n triangles? If you want a formal definition for as closely as possible: Approximate the shape with a polygon that when rendered into a new 2d image will match the largest number of pixels possible with the original image.

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  • SDL_BlitSurface segmentation fault (surfaces aren't null)

    - by Trollkemada
    My app is crashing on SDL_BlitSurface() and i can't figure out why. I think it has something to do with my static object. If you read the code you'll why I think so. This happens when the limits of the map are reached, i.e. (iwidth || jheight). This is the code: Map.cpp (this render) Tile const * Map::getTyle(int i, int j) const { if (i >= 0 && j >= 0 && i < width && j < height) { return data[i][j]; } else { return &Tile::ERROR_TYLE; // This makes SDL_BlitSurface (called later) crash //return new Tile(TileType::ERROR); // This works with not problem (but is memory leak, of course) } } void Map::render(int x, int y, int width, int height) const { //DEBUG("(Rendering...) x: "<<x<<", y: "<<y<<", width: "<<width<<", height: "<<height); int firstI = x / TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; int firstJ = y / TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; int lastI = (x+width) / TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; int lastJ = (y+height) / TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; // The previous integer division rounds down when dealing with positive values, but it rounds up // negative values. This is a fix for that (We need those values always rounded down) if (firstI < 0) { firstI--; } if (firstJ < 0) { firstJ--; } const int firstX = x; const int firstY = y; SDL_Rect srcRect; SDL_Rect dstRect; for (int i=firstI; i <= lastI; i++) { for (int j=firstJ; j <= lastJ; j++) { if (i*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE < x) { srcRect.x = x % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; srcRect.w = TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE - (x % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE); dstRect.x = i*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE + (x % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE) - firstX; } else if (i*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE >= x + width) { srcRect.x = 0; srcRect.w = x % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; dstRect.x = i*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE - firstX; } else { srcRect.x = 0; srcRect.w = TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; dstRect.x = i*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE - firstX; } if (j*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE < y) { srcRect.y = 0; srcRect.h = TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE - (y % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE); dstRect.y = j*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE + (y % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE) - firstY; } else if (j*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE >= y + height) { srcRect.y = y % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; srcRect.h = y % TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; dstRect.y = j*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE - firstY; } else { srcRect.y = 0; srcRect.h = TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE; dstRect.y = j*TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE - firstY; } SDL::YtoSDL(dstRect.y, srcRect.h); SDL_BlitSurface(getTyle(i,j)->getType()->getSurface(), &srcRect, SDL::getScreen(), &dstRect); // <-- Crash HERE /*DEBUG("i = "<<i<<", j = "<<j); DEBUG("srcRect.x = "<<srcRect.x<<", srcRect.y = "<<srcRect.y<<", srcRect.w = "<<srcRect.w<<", srcRect.h = "<<srcRect.h); DEBUG("dstRect.x = "<<dstRect.x<<", dstRect.y = "<<dstRect.y);*/ } } } Tile.h #ifndef TILE_H #define TILE_H #include "TileType.h" class Tile { private: TileType const * type; public: static const Tile ERROR_TYLE; Tile(TileType const * t); ~Tile(); TileType const * getType() const; }; #endif Tile.cpp #include "Tile.h" const Tile Tile::ERROR_TYLE(TileType::ERROR); Tile::Tile(TileType const * t) : type(t) {} Tile::~Tile() {} TileType const * Tile::getType() const { return type; } TileType.h #ifndef TILETYPE_H #define TILETYPE_H #include "SDL.h" #include "DEBUG.h" class TileType { protected: TileType(); ~TileType(); public: static const int PIXEL_PER_TILE = 30; static const TileType * ERROR; static const TileType * AIR; static const TileType * SOLID; virtual SDL_Surface * getSurface() const = 0; virtual bool isSolid(int x, int y) const = 0; }; #endif ErrorTyle.h #ifndef ERRORTILE_H #define ERRORTILE_H #include "TileType.h" class ErrorTile : public TileType { friend class TileType; private: ErrorTile(); mutable SDL_Surface * surface; static const char * FILE_PATH; public: SDL_Surface * getSurface() const; bool isSolid(int x, int y) const ; }; #endif ErrorTyle.cpp (The surface can't be loaded when building the object, because it is a static object and SDL_Init() needs to be called first) #include "ErrorTile.h" const char * ErrorTile::FILE_PATH = ("C:\\error.bmp"); ErrorTile::ErrorTile() : TileType(), surface(NULL) {} SDL_Surface * ErrorTile::getSurface() const { if (surface == NULL) { if (SDL::isOn()) { surface = SDL::loadAndOptimice(ErrorTile::FILE_PATH); if (surface->w != TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE || surface->h != TileType::PIXEL_PER_TILE) { WARNING("Bad tile surface size"); } } else { ERROR("Trying to load a surface, but SDL is not on"); } } if (surface == NULL) { // This if doesn't get called, so surface != NULL ERROR("WTF? Can't load surface :\\"); } return surface; } bool ErrorTile::isSolid(int x, int y) const { return true; }

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  • Terrain sqaure loading

    - by AndroidXTr3meN
    Games like Skyrim, Morrowind, and more are using quads or sqaure to divide the terrain if im correct. The player is always at #5 1 | 2 | 3 4 | 5 | 6 7 | 8 | 9 So whenever you cross the border you unload and load the new "areas" But if the user goes just over the edge and then the second after goes back previous area a lot of uneccessary loading and unloading is done. Is there a general approach to this becuase I dont think games like skyrim have this issue? Cheers!

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  • Toon/cel shading with variable line width?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    I see a few broad approaches out there to doing cel shading: Duplication & enlargement of model with flipped normals (not an option for me) Sobel filter / fragment shader approaches to edge detection Stencil buffer approaches to edge detection Geometry (or vertex) shader approaches that calculate face and edge normals Am I correct in assuming the geometry-centric approach gives the greatest amount of control over lighting and line thickness, as well eg. for terrain where you might see the silhouette line of a hill merging gradually into a plain? What if I didn't need pixel lighting on my terrain surfaces? (And I probably won't as I plan to use cell-based vertex- or texturemap-based lighting/shadowing.) Would I then be better off sticking with the geometry-type approach, or go for a screen space / fragment approach instead to keep things simpler? If so, how would I get the "inking" of hills within the mesh silhouette, rather than only the outline of the entire mesh (with no "ink" details inside that outline? Lastly, is it possible to cheaply emulate the flipped-normals approach, using a geometry shader? Is that exactly what the GS approaches do? What I want - varying line thickness with intrusive lines inside the silhouette... What I don't want...

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  • Multi Pass Blend

    - by Kirk Patrick
    I am seeking the simplest working example of a two pass HLSL pixel shader. It can do anything really, but the main idea is to perform "ping ponging" to take the output of the first pass and then send it for the second pass. In my example I want to draw to the R channel and then draw to the G channel and produce a simple Venn Diagram in the shader, but need to detect overlap. I can currently detect one or the other but not overlap. There are a red and green circle overlapping, and I want to put a dynamic texture map in the overlap region. I can currently put it in either or. Below is how it looks in the shader. -------------------------------- Texture2D shaderTexture; SamplerState SampleType; ////////////// // TYPEDEFS // ////////////// struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex0 : TEXCOORD0; float2 tex1 : TEXCOORD1; float4 color : COLOR; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pixel Shader //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// float4 main(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET { float4 textureColor0; float4 textureColor1; // Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location. textureColor0 = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex0); textureColor1 = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex1); if (input.color[0]==1.0f && input.color[1]==1.0f) // Requires multi-pass textureColor0 = textureColor1; return textureColor0; } Here is the calling code (that needs to be modified) m_d3dContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 2, vbs, strides, offsets); m_d3dContext->IASetIndexBuffer(m_indexBuffer.Get(), DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT,0); m_d3dContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); m_d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(m_inputLayout.Get()); m_d3dContext->VSSetShader(m_vertexShader.Get(), nullptr, 0); m_d3dContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, m_constantBuffer.GetAddressOf()); m_d3dContext->PSSetShader(m_pixelShader.Get(), nullptr, 0); m_d3dContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, m_SRV.GetAddressOf()); m_d3dContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, m_QuadsTexSamplerState.GetAddressOf());

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  • Stencil buffer appears to not be decrementing values correctly

    - by Alex Ames
    I'm attempting to use the stencil buffer as a clipper for my UI system, but I'm having trouble debugging a problem I'm running in to. This is what I'm doing: A widget can pass a rectangle to the the stencil clipper functions, which will increment the stencil buffer values that it covers. Then it will draw its children, which will only get drawn in the stencilled area (so that if they extend outside they'll be clipped). After a widget is done drawing its children, it pops that rectangle from the stack and in the process decrements the values in the stencil buffer that it has previously incremented. The slightly simplified code is below: static void drawStencil(Rect& rect, unsigned int ref) { // Save previous values of the color and depth masks GLboolean colorMask[4]; GLboolean depthMask; glGetBooleanv(GL_COLOR_WRITEMASK, colorMask); glGetBooleanv(GL_DEPTH_WRITEMASK, &depthMask); // Turn off drawing glColorMask(0, 0, 0, 0); glDepthMask(0); // Draw vertices here ... // Turn everything back on glColorMask(colorMask[0], colorMask[1], colorMask[2], colorMask[3]); glDepthMask(depthMask); // Only render pixels in areas where the stencil buffer value == ref glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, ref, 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP); } void pushScissor(Rect rect) { // increment things only at the current stencil stack level glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, s_scissorStack.size(), 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_INCR, GL_INCR); s_scissorStack.push_back(rect); drawStencil(rect, states, s_ScissorStack.size()); } void popScissor() { // undo what was done in the previous push, // decrement things only at the current stencil stack level glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, s_scissorStack.size(), 0xFF); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_DECR, GL_DECR); Rect rect = s_scissorStack.back(); s_scissorStack.pop_back(); drawStencil(rect, states, s_scissorStack.size()); } And this is how it's being used by the Widgets if (m_clip) pushScissor(m_rect); drawInternal(target, states); for (auto child : m_children) target.draw(*child, states); if (m_clip) popScissor(); This is the result of the above code: There are two things on the screen, a giant test button, and a window with some buttons and text areas on it. The text area scroll box is set to clip its children (so that the text doesn't extend outside the scroll box). The button is drawn after the window and should be on top of it completely. However, for some reason the text area is appearing on top of the button. The only reason I can think of that this would happen is if the stencil values were not getting decremented in the pop, and when it comes time to render the button, since those pixels don't have the right stencil value it doesn't draw over. But I can't figure out whats wrong with my code that would cause that to happen.

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  • How to draw texture to screen in Unity?

    - by user1306322
    I'm looking for a way to draw textures to screen in Unity in a similar fashion to XNA's SpriteBatch.Draw method. Ideally, I'd like to write a few helper methods to make all my XNA code work in Unity. This is the first issue I've faced on this seemingly long journey. I guess I could just use quads, but I'm not so sure it's the least expensive way performance-wise. I could do that stuff in XNA anyway, but they made SpriteBatch not without a reason, I believe.

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  • Good resources for 2.5D and rendering walls, floors, and sprites

    - by Aidan Mueller
    I'm curious as to how games like Prelude of the chambered handle graphics. If you play for a bit you will see what I mean. It made me wonder how it works. (it is open-source so you can get the source on This page) I did find a few tutorials but I couldn't undertand some of the stuff but it did help with some things. However, I don't like doing things I don't understand. Does anyone know of any good sites for this kind of 2.5D? Any help is appreciated. After all I've been googling all day. Thanks :)

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  • Adding sub-entities to existing entities. Should it be done in the Entity and Component classes?

    - by Coyote
    I'm in a situation where a player can be given the control of small parts of an entity (i.e. Left missile battery). Therefore I started implementing sub entities as follow. Entities are Objects with 3 arrays: pointers to components pointers to sub entities communication subscribers (temporary implementation) Now when an entity is built it has a few components as you might expect and also I can attach sub entities which are handled with some dedicated code in the Entity and Component classes. I noticed sub entities are sharing data in 3 parts: position: the sub entities are using the parent's position and their own as an offset. scrips: sub entities are draining ammo and energy from the parent. physics: sub entities add weight to the parent I made this to quickly go forward, but as I'm slowly fixing current implementations I wonder if this wasn't a mistake. Is my current implementation something commonly done? Will this implementation put me in a corner? I thought it might be a better thing to create some sort of SubEntityComponent where sub entities are attached and handled. But before changing anything I wanted to seek the community's wisdom.

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  • Having trouble with projection matrix, need help

    - by Mr.UNOwen
    I'm having trouble with what appears to be the projection matrix. Given a wide enough of a screen, when a cube is on the left and right most edge, the left or right wall will appear stretched to the point that the front face is 1/10 the width of the side. So I do update the screen ratio along with the projection matrix and view port on screen resize, am I safe to assume all the trouble is from the matrix class? Also the cube follows the mouse, but it's only vertically aligned and ahead of the mouse when going left or right from the center of the screen. Perspective function call: * setPerspective * * @param fov: angle in radians * @param aspect: screen ratio w/h * @param near: near distance * @param far: far distance **/ void APCamera::setPerspective(GMFloat_t fov, GMFloat_t aspect, GMFloat_t near, GMFloat_t far) { GMFloat_t difZ = near - far; GMFloat_t *data; mProjection->clear(); //set to identity matrix data = mProjection->getData(); GMFloat_t v = 1.0f / tan(fov / 2.0f); data[_AP_MAA] = v / aspect; data[_AP_MBB] = v; data[_AP_MCC] = (far + near) / difZ; data[_AP_MCD] = -1.0f; data[_AP_MDD] = 0.0f; data[_AP_MDC] = 2.0f * far * near/ difZ; mRatio = aspect; mInvProjOutdated = true; mIsPerspective = true; } and... #define _AP_MAA 0 #define _AP_MAB 1 #define _AP_MAC 2 #define _AP_MAD 3 #define _AP_MBA 4 #define _AP_MBB 5 #define _AP_MBC 6 #define _AP_MBD 7 #define _AP_MCA 8 #define _AP_MCB 9 #define _AP_MCC 10 #define _AP_MCD 11 #define _AP_MDA 12 #define _AP_MDB 13 #define _AP_MDC 14 #define _AP_MDD 15

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  • Procedural Mesh: UV mapping

    - by Esa
    I made a procedural mesh and now I want to apply a texture to it. The problem is, I cannot get it to stick the way I want it to. The idea is to have the texture painted only once over the whole mesh, so that there is no repeating. How should I map the UV to make that happen? My mesh is a simple plane consisting of 56 triangles. I'd add pictures to clear things up but I cannot since my reputation is below 10 points. Any help is appreciated. EDIT(Kind people gave me up votes, thank you): Meet my mesh: And when textured(tried to repeat the texture): And my texture:

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  • Unity - Invert Movement Direction

    - by m41n
    I am currently developing a 2,5D Sidescroller in Unity (just starting to get to know it). Right now I added a turn-script to have my character face the appropriate direction of movement, though something with the movement itself is behaving oddly now. When I press the right arrow key, the character moves and faces towards the right. If I press the left arrow key, the character faces towards the left, but "moon-walks" to the right. I allready had enough trouble getting the turning to work, so what I am trying is to find a simple solution, if possible without too much reworking of the rest of my project. I was thinking of just inverting the movement direction for a specific input-key/facing-direction. So if anyone knows how to do something like that, I'd be thankful for the help. If it helps, the following is the current part of my "AnimationChooser" script to handle the turning: Quaternion targetf = Quaternion.Euler(0, 270, 0); // Vector3 Direction when facing frontway Quaternion targetb = Quaternion.Euler(0, 90, 0); // Vector3 Direction when facing opposite way if (Input.GetAxisRaw ("Vertical") < 0.0f) // if input is lower than 0 turn to targetf { transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(transform.rotation, targetf, Time.deltaTime * smooth); } if (Input.GetAxisRaw ("Vertical") > 0.0f) // if input is higher than 0 turn to targetb { transform.rotation = Quaternion.Lerp(transform.rotation, targetb, Time.deltaTime * smooth); } The Values (270 and 90) and Axis are because I had to turn my model itself in the very first place to face towards any of the movement directions.

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  • Most efficient way to implement delta time

    - by Starkers
    Here's one way to implement delta time: /// init /// var duration = 5000, currentTime = Date.now(); // and create cube, scene, camera ect ////// function animate() { /// determine delta /// var now = Date.now(), deltat = now - currentTime, currentTime = now, scalar = deltat / duration, angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; ////// /// animate /// cube.rotation.y += angle; ////// /// update /// requestAnimationFrame(render); ////// } Could someone confirm I know how it works? Here what I think is going on: Firstly, we set duration at 5000, which how long the loop will take to complete in an ideal world. With a computer that is slow/busy, let's say the animation loop takes twice as long as it should, so 10000: When this happens, the scalar is set to 2.0: scalar = deltat / duration scalar = 10000 / 5000 scalar = 2.0 We now times all animation by twice as much: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 2.0; angle = (Math.PI * 4) // which is 2 rotations When we do this, the cube rotation will appear to 'jump', but this is good because the animation remains real-time. With a computer that is going too quickly, let's say the animation loop takes half as long as it should, so 2500: When this happens, the scalar is set to 0.5: scalar = deltat / duration scalar = 2500 / 5000 scalar = 0.5 We now times all animation by a half: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 0.5; angle = (Math.PI * 1) // which is half a rotation When we do this, the cube won't jump at all, and the animation remains real time, and doesn't speed up. However, would I be right in thinking this doesn't alter how hard the computer is working? I mean it still goes through the loop as fast as it can, and it still has render the whole scene, just with different smaller angles! So this a bad way to implement delta time, right? Now let's pretend the computer is taking exactly as long as it should, so 5000: When this happens, the scalar is set to 1.0: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 1; angle = (Math.PI * 2) // which is 1 rotation When we do this, everything is timsed by 1, so nothing is changed. We'd get the same result if we weren't using delta time at all! My questions are as follows Mostly importantly, have I got the right end of the stick here? How do we know to set the duration to 5000 ? Or can it be any number? I'm a bit vague about the "computer going too quickly". Is there a way loop less often rather than reduce the animation steps? Seems like a better idea. Using this method, do all of our animations need to be timesed by the scalar? Do we have to hunt down every last one and times it? Is this the best way to implement delta time? I think not, due to the fact the computer can go nuts and all we do is divide each animation step and because we need to hunt down every step and times it by the scalar. Not a very nice DSL, as it were. So what is the best way to implement delta time? Below is one way that I do not really get but may be a better way to implement delta time. Could someone explain please? // Globals INV_MAX_FPS = 1 / 60; frameDelta = 0; clock = new THREE.Clock(); // In the animation loop (the requestAnimationFrame callback)… frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); // API: "Get the seconds passed since the last call to this method." while (frameDelta >= INV_MAX_FPS) { update(INV_MAX_FPS); // calculate physics frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; } How I think this works: Firstly we set INV_MAX_FPS to 0.01666666666 How we will use this number number does not jump out at me. We then intialize a frameDelta which stores how long the last loop took to run. Come the first loop frameDelta is not greater than INV_MAX_FPS so the loop is not run (0 = 0.01666666666). So nothing happens. Now I really don't know what would cause this to happen, but let's pretend that the loop we just went through took 2 seconds to complete: We set frameDelta to 2: frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); frameDelta += 2.00 Now we run an animation thanks to update(0.01666666666). Again what is relevance of 0.01666666666?? And then we take away 0.01666666666 from the frameDelta: frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = frameDelta - INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = 2 - 0.01666666666 frameDelta = 1.98333333334 So let's go into the second loop. Let's say it took 2(? Why not 2? Or 12? I am a bit confused): frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); frameDelta = frameDelta + clock.getDelta(); frameDelta = 1.98333333334 + 2 frameDelta = 3.98333333334 This time we enter the while loop because 3.98333333334 = 0.01666666666 We run update We take away 0.01666666666 from frameDelta again: frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = frameDelta - INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = 3.98333333334 - 0.01666666666 frameDelta = 3.96666666668 Now let's pretend the loop is super quick and runs in just 0.1 seconds and continues to do this. (Because the computer isn't busy any more). Basically, the update function will be run, and every loop we take away 0.01666666666 from the frameDelta untill the frameDelta is less than 0.01666666666. And then nothing happens until the computer runs slowly again? Could someone shed some light please? Does the update() update the scalar or something like that and we still have to times everything by the scalar like in the first example?

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  • Box2D how to implement a camera?

    - by Romeo
    By now i have this Camera class. package GameObjects; import main.Main; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; public class Camera { public int x; public int y; public int sx; public int sy; public static final float PIXEL_TO_METER = 50f; private float yFlip = -1.0f; public Camera() { x = 0; y = 0; sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public Camera(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public void update() { sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public void moveCam(int mx, int my) { if(mx >= 0 && mx <= 80) { this.x -= 2; } else if(mx <= Main.APPWIDTH && mx >= Main.APPWIDTH - 80) { this.x += 2; } if(my >= 0 && my <= 80) { this.y += 2; } else if(my <= Main.APPHEIGHT && my >= Main.APPHEIGHT - 80) { this.y -= 2; } this.update(); } public float meterToPixel(float meter) { return meter * PIXEL_TO_METER; } public float pixelToMeter(float pixel) { return pixel / PIXEL_TO_METER; } public Vec2 screenToWorld(Vec2 screenV) { return new Vec2(screenV.x + this.x, yFlip * screenV.y + this.y); } public Vec2 worldToScreen(Vec2 worldV) { return new Vec2(worldV.x - this.x, yFlip * worldV.y - this.y); } } I need to know how to modify the screenToWorld and worldToScreen functions to include the PIXEL_TO_METER scaling.

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  • When does depth testing happen?

    - by Utkarsh Sinha
    I'm working with 2D sprites - and I want to do 3D style depth testing with them. When writing a pixel shader for them, I get access to the semantic DEPTH0. Would writing to this value help? It seems it doesn't. Maybe it's done before the pixel shader step? Or is depth testing only done when drawing 3D things (I'm using SpriteBatch)? Any links/articles/topics to read/search for would be appreciated.

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  • D3D11 how to simulate multiple depth channels

    - by Nock
    Here's what I'd like to achieve: Rendering a first pass of objects in my scene, using standard depth comparison Rendering another pass of objects in the same scene, but with the following rules: A Pixel of the 2nd pass always override the first pass (no depth compare between them) Use Depth comparison between pixels written from the second pass. In English I want depth comparison made inside each pass but I always want the second pass pixels to override the first pass ones. Some things I've thought: I tried to think about using stencil to solve this, but I couldn't find a way. I know I could render into a separate target the second pass then composite the result into the first, but I'd like to avoid that. I could use two separate Depth Buffer, one dedicated to each pass. (I never tried, but I figure it's possible to switch the depth buffer in a Render Target "on the fly") Any idea of the best solution? Thanks

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  • Convience of mySQL over xml

    - by Bonechilla
    Currently I use XML to store specific information to correctly load a few things such as a list of specfied characters, scenes and music, Once more I use JAXB in combination with standard compression/decompression(ZIP) functionality to store a list of extrenous data. This data is called to add functionality to the character, somewhat like Skills in an RPG. Each skill is seperated into its own XML file with a grandlist which contains the names of each file with their extensions omitted and zipped in folder that gets encrypted. At first using xml was working fine however as the skill list grow i worry about its stability. I was wondering if I should begin storing the data in mySQL. Originally I planned to simply convert everything to JSON over xml but i think possibly mySQL would be a better move. Can anyone inform me of the key difference and pros and cons of each I guess i'm looking for the best way to store the data more conviently and would be easier to operate on. The data is mostly primatives and strings and the only arraylist of values i have i can just concat into a single field and parse later

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  • Fitting a rectangle into screen with XNA

    - by alecnash
    I am drawing a rectangle with primitives in XNA. The width is: width = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width and the height is height = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height I am trying to fit this rectangle in the screen (using different screens and devices) but I am not sure where to put the camera on the Z-axis. Sometimes the camera is too close and sometimes to far. This is what I am using to get the camera distance: //Height of piramid float alpha = 0; float beta = 0; float gamma = 0; alpha = (float)Math.Sqrt((width / 2 * width/2) + (height / 2 * height / 2)); beta = height / ((float)Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(67.5f)) * 2); gamma = (float)Math.Sqrt(beta*beta - alpha*alpha); position = new Vector3(0, 0, gamma); Any idea where to put the camera on the Z-axis?

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  • Using Lerp to create a hovering effect for a GameObject

    - by OhMrBigshot
    I want to have a GameObject that has a "hovering" effect when the mouse is over it. What I'm having trouble with is actually having a color that gradually goes from one color to the next. I'm assuming Color.Lerp() is the best function for that, but I can't seem to get it working properly. Here's my CubeBehavior.cs's Update() function: private bool ReachedTop = false; private float t = 0f; private float final_t; private bool MouseOver = false; // Update is called once per frame void Update () { if (MouseOver) { t = Time.time % 1f; // using Time.time to get a value between 0 and 1 if (t >= 1f || t <= 0f) // If it reaches either 0 or 1... ReachedTop = ReachedTop ? false : true; if (ReachedTop) final_t = 1f - t; // Make it count backwards else final_t = t; print (final_t); // for debugging purposes renderer.material.color = Color.Lerp(Color.red, Color.green, final_t); } } void OnMouseEnter() { MouseOver = true; } void OnMouseExit() { renderer.material.color = Color.white; MouseOver = false; } Now, I've tried several approaches to making it reach 1 then count backwards till 0 including a multiplier that alternates between 1 and -1, but I just can't seem to get that effect. The value goes to 1 then resets at 0. Any ideas on how to do this?

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  • Calculating 3D camera positions from a video

    - by Geotarget
    I need to calculate the 3D camera position and rotation for each frame in a given video. This is typically used for motion-tracking, and to insert 3D objects into a video. I'm currently using VideoTrace to calculate this for me, and I'm getting the data exported as a 3DS Maxscript file. However when I try to use the 3D camera rotations, I'm getting strange errors in my 3D calculations, as if there is an error with the 3x3 rotation matrices. Can you spot any error with the data itself? Or is it my other calculations that are erroneous? frame 1 rotation=(matrix3[-0.011938, 0.756018, -0.654442][-0.382040, -0.608284, -0.695727][-0.924068, 0.241718, 0.296091][0, 0, 0]).rotationpart position=[-0.767177, 0.308723, -0.232722] fov=57.352135 frame 2 rotation=(matrix3[-0.460922, -0.726580, -0.509541][-0.200163, 0.644491, -0.737947][ 0.864572, -0.238145, -0.442495][0, 0, 0]).rotationpart position=[-0.856630, 0.198654, -0.243853] fov=57.352135

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  • Clear edged sprite

    - by Ananth
    I am a newbie to cocos2d. I would like make user to draw similar to what a painting brush would do. I am using CCSprite for that. I almost implemented the velocity, color and opacity factors for that tool, but I couldn't get the Sprite to be as clear as it should be. I can draw only in the below image http://i.imgur.com/KBe0L.png which has blunt edges. But I want it to be harder / clear outside edges as in http://i.stack.imgur.com/GrFlv.png. I am getting no idea to make it clear edged. The piece of code Im using is glEnable(GL_BLEND); [brush.texture setAliasTexParameters]; [brush setBlendFunc:(ccBlendFunc){GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA}]; [brush visit]; I suspect the problem would be on blending mode. I tried some blending modes, but with no expected results. I am trying this for the past five days and so confused. Can some one help me sort this out? Thanks in advance.

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  • can't spot the error. Trying to increment

    - by Kevin Jensen Petersen
    I really can't spot the error, or the misspelling. This script should increase the variable currentTime with 1 every second, as long as i am holding the Space button down. This is Unity C#. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class GameTimer : MonoBehaviour { //Timer private bool isTimeDone; public GUIText counter; public int currentTime; private bool starting; //Each message will be shown random each 20 seconds. public string[] messages; public GUIText msg; //To check if this is the end private bool end; void Update () { counter.guiText.text = currentTime.ToString(); if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space)) { if(starting == false) { starting = true; } if(end == false) { if(isTimeDone) { StartCoroutine(timer()); } } else { msg.guiText.text = "You think you can do better? Press 'R' to Try again!"; if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.R)) { Application.LoadLevel(Application.loadedLevel); } } } if(!Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space) & starting) { end = true; } } IEnumerator timer() { isTimeDone = false; yield return new WaitForSeconds(1); currentTime++; isTimeDone = true; } }

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  • Finding direction of travel in a world with wrapped edges

    - by crazy
    I need to find the shortest distance direction from one point in my 2D world to another point where the edges are wrapped (like asteroids etc). I know how to find the shortest distance but am struggling to find which direction it's in. The shortest distance is given by: int rows = MapY; int cols = MapX; int d1 = abs(S.Y - T.Y); int d2 = abs(S.X - T.X); int dr = min(d1, rows-d1); int dc = min(d2, cols-d2); double dist = sqrt((double)(dr*dr + dc*dc)); Example of the world : : T : :--------------:--------- : : : S : : : : : : T : : : :--------------: In the diagram the edges are shown with : and -. I've shown a wrapped repeat of the world at the top right too. I want to find the direction in degrees from S to T. So the shortest distance is to the top right repeat of T. but how do I calculate the direction in degreed from S to the repeated T in the top right? I know the positions of both S and T but I suppose I need to find the position of the repeated T however there more than 1. The worlds coordinates system starts at 0,0 at the top left and 0 degrees for the direction could start at West. It seems like this shouldn’t be too hard but I haven’t been able to work out a solution. I hope somone can help? Any websites would be appreciated.

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  • geomipmapping using displacement mapping (and glVertexAttribDivisor)

    - by Will
    I wake up with a clear vision, but sadly my laptop card doesn't do displacement mapping nor glVertexAttribDivisor so I can't test it out; I'm left sharing here: With geomipmapping, the grid at any factor is transposable - if you pass in an offset - say as a uniform - you can reuse the same vertex and index array again and again. If you also pass in the offset into the heightmap as a uniform, the vertex shader can do displacement mapping. If the displacement map is mipmapped, you get the advantages of trilinear filtering for distant maps. And, if the scenery is closer, rather than exposing that the you have a world made out of quads, you can use your transposable grid vertex array and indices to do vertex-shader interpolation (fancy splines) to do super-smooth infinite zoom? So I have some questions: does it work? In theory, in practice? does anyone do it? Does this technique have a name? Papers, demos, anything I can look at? does glVertexAttribDivisor mean that you can have a single glMultiDrawElementsEXT or similar approach to draw all your terrain tiles in one call rather than setting up the uniforms and emitting each tile? Would this offer any noticeable gains? does a heightmap that is GL_LUMINANCE take just one byte per pixel(=vertex)? (On mainstream cards, obviously. Does storage vary in practice?) Does going to the effort of reusing the same vertices and indices mean that you can basically fill the GPU RAM with heightmap and not a lot else, giving you either bigger landscapes or more detailed landscapes/meshes for the same bang? is mipmapping the displacement map going to work? On future cards? Is it going to introduce unsurmountable inaccuracies if it is enabled?

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