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• Is an extra collision-mesh for level-data worth the hassle?

  - by Serthy

  What is the optimal approach for collision-detection with the environment in an 3D engine (with triangle mesh based geometry, no bsp)? A) Use the render mesh [+] no need for additional work for artists to fiddle with collision detection [-] high detail is harder for physics calculation [+/-] maybe use collidable flags for materials [+/-] compute the collision-mesh from the render-mesh B) Use an additional collision mesh [+] faster/more optimal collision-detection [-] additional work (either by the artist or by the programmer who has to develop an algorithm to compute it from the render-mesh) [-] more memory useage How do AAA title handle this? And what are the indie dev's approaches?

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• Movement on the X an Z axis are combined?

  - by Magicaxis

  This is probably a stupid question, but I'm trying to simply move a 3D object up, down, left, and right (Not forward or backward). The Y axis works fine, but when I increment the object's X position, the object moves BOTH right and backwards! when I decrement X, left and forwards! setPosition(getPosition().X + 2/*times deltatime*/, getPosition().Y, getPosition().Z); I was astonished that XNA doesnt have its own setPosition function, so I made a parent class for all objects with a setPosition and Draw function. Setposition simply edits a variable "mPosition" and passes it to the common draw function: // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[block.Bones.Count]; block.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in block.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(mOrientation.Y)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(mPosition); effect.View = game1.getView(); effect.Projection = game1.getProjection(); } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. mesh.Draw(); } I tried to work it out by attempting to increment and decrement the Z axis, but nothing happens?! So using the X axis changes the objects x and z axis', but changing the Z does nothing. Great. So how do I seperate the X and Z axis movement?

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• How can I keep the correct alpha during rendering particles?

  - by April

  Rencently,I was trying to save textures of 3D particles so that I can reuse the in 2D rendering.Now I had some problem with alpha channel.Some artist told me I that my textures should have unpremultiplied alpha channel.When I try to get the rgb value back,I got strange result.Some area went lighter and even totally white.I mainly focus on additive and blend mode,that is: ADDITIVE: srcAlpha VS 1 BLEND: srcAlpha VS 1-srcAlpha I tried a technique called premultiplied alpha.This technique just got you the right rgb value,its all you need on screen.As for alpha value,it worked well with BLEND mode,but not ADDITIVE mode.As you can see in parameters,BLEND mode always controlled its value within 1.While ADDITIVE mode cannot guarantee. I want proper alpha,but it just got too big or too small consider to rgb.Now what can I do?Any help will be great thankful. PS:If you don't understand what I am trying to do,there is a commercial software called "Particle Illusion".You can create various particles and then save the scene to texture,where you can choose to remove background of particles.

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• Trouble with collision detection in XNA?

  - by Lewis Wilcock

  I'm trying to loop through an list of enemies (enemyList) and then any that have intersected the rectangle belonging to the box object (Which doesn't move), declare there IsAlive bool as false. Then another part of the code removes any enemies that have the IsAlive bool as false. The problem im having is getting access to the variable that holds the Rectangle (named boundingBox) of the enemy. When this is in a foreach loop it works fine, as the enemy class is declared within the foreach. However, there are issues in using the foreach as it removes more than one of the enemies at once (Usually at positions 0 and 2, 1 and 3, etc...). I was wondering the best way to declare the enemy class, without it actually creating new instances of the class? Heres the code I currently have: if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Q) && oldKeyState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Q)) { enemyList.Add(new enemy(textureList.ElementAt(randText), new Vector2(250, 250), graphics)); } //foreach (enemy enemy in enemyList) //{ for (int i = 0; i < enemyList.Count; i++) { if (***enemy.boundingBox***.Intersects(theDefence.boxRectangle)) { enemyList[i].IsDead = true; i++; } } //} for(int j = enemyList.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--) { if(enemyList[j].IsDead) enemyList.RemoveAt(j); } (The enemy.boundingBox is the variables I can't get access too). This is a complete copy of the code (Zipped) If it helps: https://www.dropbox.com/s/ih52k4e21g98j3k/Collision%20tests.rar I managed to find the issue. Changed enemy.boundingBox to enemyList[i].boundingBox. Collision works now! Thanks for any help!

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• How to handle circle penetration

  - by Kaertserif

  I've been working on cirlce to circle collision and have gotten the intersection method working correctly, but I'm having problems using the returned values to actually seperate the circles from one another. This is the method which calculates the depth of the circle collision public static Vector2 GetIntersectionDepth(Circle a, Circle b) { float xValue = a.Center.X - b.Center.X; float yValue = a.Center.Y - b.Center.Y; Vector2 depth = Vector2.Zero; float distance = Vector2.Distance(a.Center, b.Center); if (a.Radius + b.Radius > distance) { float result = (a.Radius + b.Radius) - distance; depth.X = (float)Math.Cos(result); depth.Y = (float)Math.Sin(result); } return depth; } This is where I'm trying to apply the values to actually seperate the circles. Vector2 depth = Vector2.Zero; for (int i = 0; i < circlePositions.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < circlePositions.Count; j++) { Circle bounds1 = new Circle(circlePositions[i], circle.Width / 2); Circle bounds2 = new Circle(circlePositions[j], circle.Width / 2); if(i != j) depth = CircleToCircleIntersection.GetIntersectionDepth(bounds1, bounds2); if (depth != Vector2.Zero) { circlePositions[i] = new Vector2(circlePositions[i].X + depth.X, circlePositions[i].Y + depth.Y); } } } If you can offer any help in this I would really appreciate it.

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• Can someone explain the (reasons for the) implications of colum vs row major in multiplication/concatenation?

  - by sebf

  I am trying to learn how to construct view and projection matrices, and keep reaching difficulties in my implementation owing to my confusion about the two standards for matrices. I know how to multiply a matrix, and I can see that transposing before multiplication would completely change the result, hence the need to multiply in a different order. What I don't understand though is whats meant by only 'notational convention' - from the articles here and here the authors appear to assert that it makes no difference to how the matrix is stored, or transferred to the GPU, but on the second page that matrix is clearly not equivalent to how it would be laid out in memory for row-major; and if I look at a populated matrix in my program I see the translation components occupying the 4th, 8th and 12th elements. Given that: "post-multiplying with column-major matrices produces the same result as pre-multiplying with row-major matrices. " Why in the following snippet of code: Matrix4 r = t3 * t2 * t1; Matrix4 r2 = t1.Transpose() * t2.Transpose() * t3.Transpose(); Does r != r2 and why does pos3 != pos for: Vector4 pos = wvpM * new Vector4(0f, 15f, 15f, 1); Vector4 pos3 = wvpM.Transpose() * new Vector4(0f, 15f, 15f, 1); Does the multiplication process change depending on whether the matrices are row or column major, or is it just the order (for an equivalent effect?) One thing that isn't helping this become any clearer, is that when provided to DirectX, my column major WVP matrix is used successfully to transform vertices with the HLSL call: mul(vector,matrix) which should result in the vector being treated as row-major, so how can the column major matrix provided by my math library work?

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• How can I generate Sudoku puzzles?

  - by user223150

  I'm trying to make a Sudoku puzzle generator. It's a lot harder than I expected and the more I get into it, the harder it gets! My current approach is to split the problem into 2 steps: Generate a complete (solved) Sudoku puzzle. Remove numbers until it's solveable and has only 1 solution. In step 1, since I'm using a brute force methods, I'm facing some run time issues. Is there an optimal way of filling in a complete Sudoku puzzle? In step 2, what kind of algorithm should I use to "puzzlize" a solved sudoku?

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• is this the correct way to use glTexCoordPointer?

  - by RubyKing

  Hey all Just trying to work out how to use this function glTexCoordPointer. Here is the man pages http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glTexCoordPointer.xml which states that I must set a pointer to the first element of the array that uses the texture cordinate. Here is my array static const GLfloat GUIVertices[] = { //FIRST QUAD 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.94f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.94f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //2ND QUAD // x y z w X Y 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,-0.94f, 0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -0.94f, 0.0f,1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0, }; But how do I set the pointer correctly? like this glTexCoordPointer(1, GL_FLOAT, 6, reinterpret_cast(29 * sizeof(float)) ); for the fifth element on the 2nd quad first row. any help is thankful

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• Storing large array of tiles, but allowing easy access to data

  - by Cyral

  I've been thinking about this for a while. I have a 2D tile bases platformer in XNA with a large array of tile data, I've been running into memory problems with large maps. (I will add chunks soon!) Currently, Each tile contains an Item along with other properties like how its rotated, if it has forground / background, etc. An Item is static and has properties like the name, tooltip, type of item, how much light it emits, the collision it does to player, etc. Examples: public class Item { public static List<Item> Items; public Collision blockCollisionType; public string nameOfItem; public bool someOtherVariable,etc,etc public static Item Air public static Item Stone; public static Item Dirt; static Item() { Items = new List<Item>() { (Stone = new Item() { nameOfItem = "Stone", blockCollisionType = Collision.Solid, }), (Air = new Item() { nameOfItem = "Air", blockCollisionType = Collision.Passable, }), }; } } Would be an Item, The array of Tiles would contain a Tile for each point, public class Tile { public Item item; //What type it is public bool onBackground; public int someOtherVariables,etc,etc } Now, Most would probably use an enum, or a form of ID to identify blocks. Well my system is really nice just to find out about an item. I can simply do tiles[x,y].item.Name To get the name for example. I realized my Item property of the tile is over 1000 Bytes! Wow! What I'm looking for is a way to use an ID (Int or byte depending on how many items) instead of an Item but still have a method for retreiving data about the type of item a tile contains.

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• Handling commands or events that wait for an action to be completed afterwards

  - by virulent

  Say you have two events: Action1 and Action2. When you receive Action1, you want to store some arbitrary data to be used the next time Action2 rolls around. Optimally, Action1 is normally a command however it can also be other events. The idea is still the same. The current way I am implementing this is by storing state and then simply checking when Action2 is called if that specific state is there. This is obviously a bit messy and leads to a lot of redundant code. Here is an example of how I am doing that, in pseudocode form (and broken down quite a bit, obviously): void onAction1(event) { Player = event.getPlayer() Player.addState("my_action_to_do") } void onAction2(event) { Player = event.getPlayer() if not Player.hasState("my_action_to_do") { return } // Do something } When doing this for a lot of other actions it gets somewhat ugly and I wanted to know if there is something I can do to improve upon it. I was thinking of something like this, which wouldn't require passing data around, but is this also not the right direction? void onAction1(event) { Player = event.getPlayer() Player.onAction2(new Runnable() { public void run() { // Do something } }) } If one wanted to take it even further, could you not simply do this? void onPlayerEnter(event) { // When they join the server Player = event.getPlayer() Player.onAction1(new Runnable() { public void run() { // Now wait for action 2 Player.onAction2(new Runnable() { // Do something }) } }, true) // TRUE would be to repeat the event, // not remove it after it is called. } Any input would be wonderful.

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• How do professional games avoid showing pixel seams in adjacent mesh boundaries due to decimal imprecision?

  - by ufomorace

  Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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• Why does this exported cube have too many vertices?

  - by Joewsh

  I'm trying to export md5mesh models. Just as a test I decided to export a simple cube (i.e. with 8 vertices). When I opened the .md5mesh file it lists the following: numverts 24 numtris 12 numweights 24 Obviously the number of triangles makes sense: 6 faces * 2 to triangulate = 12. The model only has one bone so again it even makes sense that there is one weight for each vertex. The question is though, why is the file listing 24 vertices? Is the problem the exporter or is this normal for md5mesh's? Is it something that you have to rectify when you come to parsing the file in engine? I don't want to be parsing or drawing duplicated vertices without reason. I'm guessing it's something to do with shading and normals. Is it a case of listing each vert 3 times, one for each facing normal?

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• Why doesn't this ContentLoader project (VS2010 e) recognize Microsoft.Build.dll?

  - by IAbstract

  I am working with an XNA content loader sample. In the references for the project (VS 2010 Express) there are: Microsoft.Build Microsoft.Build.Framework //as well as the standard XNA framework and graphics references To emulate this project, I am trying to first add a reference to Microsoft.Build.dll. But Visual Studio warns me that it cannot load the .dll. I looked at MSDN and the document referenced Microsoft.Build.Evaluation. This is suppose to be available in the Microsoft.Build.dll and then I'll have access to the Project class. Has anyone had any experience with this?

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• How do you make a moving character (like entering krys or something like that) [duplicate]

  - by user36505

  This question is an exact duplicate of: How do you make a 2D character in Javascript? [on hold] 1 answer How do you make a fully functioning character? I first thought that you could make an invisible typing box but then found out you can't. Can someone please answer? (In javascript.)

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• How to create a script for moving a 3rd person controller in an iOS device by using Javascript in Unity3D?

  - by user36563

  I've a code but I'm not sure about the steps, so what I should do after the script? pragma strict public var horizontalSpeed : float = 1.0; public var verticalSpeed : float = 1.0; private var h : float = 0.0; private var v : float = 0.0; private var lastPos : Vector3 = Vector3.zero; function Update() { if UNITY_EDITOR if ( Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) ) { lastPos = Input.mousePosition; } else if ( Input.GetMouseButton(0) ) { var delta = Input.mousePosition - lastPos; h = horizontalSpeed * delta.x ; transform.Rotate( 0, -h, 0, Space.World ); v = verticalSpeed * delta.y ; transform.position += transform.forward * v * Time.deltaTime; lastPos = Input.mousePosition; } else if (Input.touchCount == 1) { var touch : Touch = Input.GetTouch(0); if (touch.phase == TouchPhase.Moved) { h = horizontalSpeed * touch.deltaPosition.x ; transform.Rotate( 0, -h, 0, Space.World ); v = verticalSpeed * touch.deltaPosition.y ; transform.position += transform.forward * v * Time.deltaTime; } } endif }

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• How do I calculate the motion of 2 massive bodies in space?

  - by 1224

  I'm writing code simulating the 2-dimensional motion of two massive bodies with gravitational fields. The bodies' masses are known and I have a gravitational force equation. I know from that force I can get a differential equation for coordinates. I know that I once I solve this equation I will get the coordinates. I will need to make up some initial position and some initial velocity. I'd like to end up with a numeric solver for the ordinal differential equation for coordinates to get the formulas that I can write in code. Could someone break down how from laws and initial conditions we get to the formulas that calculate x and y at time t?

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• What Shading/Rendering techniques are being used in this image?

  - by Rhakiras

  My previous question wasn't clear enough. From a rendering point of view what kind of techniques are used in this image as I would like to apply a similar style (I'm using OpenGL if that matters): http://alexcpeterson.com/ My specific questions are: How is that sun glare made? How does the planet look "cartoon" like? How does the space around the planet look warped/misted? How does the water look that good? I'm a beginner so any information/keywords on each question would be helpful so I can go off and learn more. Thanks

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• Rotate 2d sprite towards pointer

  - by Phil

  I'm using Crafty.js and am trying to point a sprite towards the mouse pointer. I have a function for getting the degree between two points and I'm pretty sure it works mathematically (I have it under unit tests). At least it responds that the degree between { 0,0} and {1,1} is 45, which seems right. However, when I set the sprite rotation to the returned degree, it's just wrong all the time. If I manually set it to 90, 45, etc, it gets the right direction.. I have a jsfiddle that shows what I've done so far. Any ideas?

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• Can Layer Masks Achieve This Effect

  - by Julian

  If you look at the image below you will see the player surrounded by a dotted yellow box. The dotted yellow box is also part of the player and represented a portion of the player being masked from both rendering and affected by physics. My question is if layer masks in Unity can achieve the following effect. -In Area 1, the red box/animations of the player are visible and the rigidbody of this shape is affected by all Physics. -Any portion of the player that enters Area 2 makes the larger yellow box within the area become visible (and affected by physics) and vice versa for any portion of the smaller red box that enters. -This can persist when both entering and leaving either area from any direction. Thank you for any help!

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• Finding cubes in frustum

  - by salmonmoose

  Working with an infinite set of cubes, is there a way of detecting which cubes exist within a frustum? Most frustum culling seems to work along the lines of running through all objects and seeing if they intersect - this is ok with a finite set of objects, or something like Octrees. I'm currently finding all cubes within the frustum's bounding box - but that's far more than I really need. I could then test these all against it, but I was wondering if I could skip a step.

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• How do I rotate a sprite with ccbezierTo in cocos2d-x?

  - by user1609578

  In cocos2d-x, I move a sprite with ccbezierTo like this: // use for ccbezierTo bezier.controlPoint_1 = ccp(m_fish->getPositionX() + 200, visibleSize.height/2 + 300); bezier.controlPoint_2 = ccp(m_fish->getPositionX() + 400, visibleSize.height/2 - 300); bezier.endPosition = ccp(m_fish->getPositionX() + 600,visibleSize.height/2); bezier1.controlPoint_1 = ccp(m_fish->getPositionX() + 800, visibleSize.height/2 + 300); bezier1.controlPoint_2 = ccp(m_fish->getPositionX() + 1000, visibleSize.height/2 - 300); bezier1.endPosition = ccp(m_fish->getPositionX() + 1200,visibleSize.height/2); bezierForward = CCBezierTo::create(6, bezier); nextBezier = CCBezierTo::create (6,bezier1); m_fish->runAction(CCSequence::create( bezierForward, nextBezier, NULL)); How can I make my sprite rotate while moving it with CCBezierTo?

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• Minecraft Coding Pack: Stair block texture

  - by JamerTheProgrammer

  I have MCP setup and working nicely. I would like to make another stair block. I have copied the wooden stair block file and then pasted it and renamed it BlahStairBlock. I'm trying to set a texture for the stair block but it wont work. public int getBlockTextureFromSide(int side) { if(i==side) { // Workshop top return 43; } return blockIndexInTexture; } This is what I'm using to set the texture.... It just isn't working. Any ideas of why?

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• Y Axis inverted on vertex output

  - by Yonathan Klijnsma

  I've got my project running and somehow it seems my vertex y components are inverted. 10 in the positive on Y goes down and 10 negative on the Y axis goes up. I can't find anything with the initialization and I am not doing any negative scaling in the view matrix. I've never had something like this happen before, does anyone have some tips or things to look for ? How I am sending verteces to the GPU ( Currently intermediate mode ) glVertex3f( x_pos_n, 10, z_pos ); I am using CG in the project but even without shaders the Y axis seems to be inverted.

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• Determining whether two fast moving objects should be submitted for a collision check

  - by dreta

  I have a basic 2D physics engine running. It's pretty much a particle engine, just uses basic shapes like AABBs and circles, so no rotation is possible. I have CCD implemented that can give accurate TOI for two fast moving objects and everything is working smoothly. My issue now is that i can't figure out how to determine whether two fast moving objects should even be checked against each other in the first place. I'm using a quad tree for spacial partitioning and for each fast moving object, i check it against objects in each cell that it passes. This works fine for determining collision with static geometry, but it means that any other fast moving object that could collide with it, but isn't in any of the cells that are checked, is never considered. The only solution to this i can think of is to either have the cells large enough and cross fingers that this is enough, or to implement some sort of a brute force algorithm. Is there a proper way of dealing with this, maybe somebody solved this issue in an efficient manner. Or maybe there's a better way of partitioning space that accounts for this?

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• How to snap a 2D Quad to the mouse cursor using OpenGL 3.0?

  - by NoobScratcher

  I've been having issues trying to snap a 2D Quad to the mouse cursor position I'm able : 1.) To get values into posX, posY, posZ 2.) Translate with the values from those 3 variables But the quad positioning I'm not able to do correctly in such a way that the 2D Quad is near the mouse cursor using those values from those 3 variables eg."posX, posY, posZ" I need the mouse cursor in the center of the 2D Quad. I'm hoping someone can help me achieve this. I've tried searching around with no avail. Heres the function that is ment to do the snapping but instead creates weird flicker or shows nothing at all only the 3d models show up : void display() { glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); for(std::vector<GLuint>::iterator I = cube.begin(); I != cube.end(); ++I) { glCallList(*I); } if(DrawArea == true) { glReadPixels(winX, winY, 1, 1, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, &winZ); cerr << winZ << endl; glGetDoublev(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, modelview); glGetDoublev(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection); glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport); gluUnProject(winX, winY, winZ , modelview, projection, viewport, &posX, &posY, & posZ); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, DrawAreaTexture); glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL); glTexImage2D (GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, DrawAreaSurface->w, DrawAreaSurface->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, DrawAreaSurface->pixels); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, DrawAreaTexture); glTranslatef(posX , posY, posZ); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.5, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0, 0.5, 0); glTexCoord2f (1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glTexCoord2f (0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0.5, 0, 0); glEnd(); } SwapBuffers(hDC); } I'm using : OpenGL 3.0 WIN32 API C++ GLSL if you really want the full source here it is - http://pastebin.com/1Ncm9HNf , Its pretty messy.

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