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• How can I get a list of directories with ack?

  - by KPthunder

  I have a directory listing as follows (given by ls -la): total 8 drwxr-xr-x 6 <user> <group> 204 Oct 18 12:13 . drwxr-xr-x 7 <user> <group> 238 Oct 18 11:29 .. drwxr-xr-x 14 <user> <group> 476 Oct 18 12:31 .git -rw-r--r-- 1 <user> <group> 601 Oct 18 12:03 index.html drwxr-xr-x 2 <user> <group> 68 Oct 18 12:13 test drwxr-xr-x 2 <user> <group> 68 Oct 18 12:13 test2 Running ack . -f prints out the files in the directory: index.html How can I get ack to print out the directories in the directory? I want to ignore the .git directory (which I understand is default behavior for ack). On that note, how can I ignore certain directories? I am using ack 1.9.6 on Mac OSX 10.8.2.

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• Can files deleted with rm -rf be recovered?

  - by Lena

  When I delete folders or files in through osx terminal using the rm -rf, where do they go? I heard that some say they are deleted directly, but some also say it only "remove the link to the file making it unable to be found or accessed without special tools" (http://superuser.com/questions/370786/where-do-files-and-directories-go-when-i-run-rm-rf-folder-or-file-name-in-ubu). Someone said something about ext3 being able to save rm-ed files in ubuntu but what about mac?

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• What happens to running processes when I lose a remote connection to a *nix box?

  - by David Marble

  I occasionally lose my remote SSH connection to my VPS. I use screen for long-running processes, but am wondering what happens to the processes I had running aside from those run within a screen session if I lose the connection to the box. When I re-establish a connection to the box, what happened to the bash and sshd processes that were running when I lost the connection? Today I lost connection repeatedly and noticed many more bash and sshd processes than usual. If there are processes hanging around, do I need to kill them? How could I determine which processes were abandoned from my previous session? Thanks for any replies!

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• Which filename encoding should I use to be compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux.

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a Linux server as fileshare. These files are accessed by Windows computers with a Samba server, accessed by Macs with a netatalk server (afpd) and also trough ssh an sftp for Windows, Macs and Linux system. It seems like some of these systems care about the use of characters in filenames and some don't.. There is a tool called 'convmv' to convert filenames from one to another, but which one should I use? Should I setup the Samba server for a defined file encoding? Same for netatalk?

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• Using find and tar with files with special characters in the name

  - by Costi

  I want to archive all .ctl files in a folder, recursively. tar -cf ctlfiles.tar `find /home/db -name "*.ctl" -print` The error message : tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: /home/db/dunn/j: Cannot stat: No such file or directory tar: 74.ctl: Cannot stat: No such file or directory I have these files: /home/db/dunn/j 74.ctl and j 75. Notice the extra space. What if the files have other special characters? How do I archive these files recursively?

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• how do i enable ftp on a cisco NAC 3310

  - by kyoung

  I'm trying to ftp updates to it, but i can't seem to find where the .conf is that deals with ftp so i can enable/configure it when i attempt to connect to the NAC from my desktop via winSCP (using ftp) i get an error saying the connection is being actively refused.

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• Use sed command to replace , appearing between numbers

  - by Saurabh

  I have a CSV file where data are in the following format |001|,|abc,def|,123456,789,|aaa|,|bbb|,444,555,666 I want to replace only those "," that appears between numbers with some other character like say SOH or $ or * other "," appearing in the line should not get replaced i.e. to say I wish to have following output |001|,|abc,def|,123456*789,|aaa|,|bbb|,444*555*666 Can someone please help me with sed command pattern to get the above desired output

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• How to index filenames, size and basic informations for every file on a network?

  - by Antoine

  I have several machines, most of then are Linux and one of them is under Mac OS X. Each machine has several internal hard drives, and I also have a few external hard drives. How can I reliably find files with setup ? External drives are not always plugged, but the files don't move often. Ideally I would like to be able to search the metadata given with the 'file' command, and move files over the network.

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• Calculate disk space occupied by many .png files

  - by Alexander Farber

  I have 357 .png files located in different sub dirs of the current dir: settings# find . -name \*.png |wc -l 357 settings# find . -name \*.png | head ./assets/authenticationIcons/audio.png ./assets/authenticationIcons/bbid.png ./assets/authenticationIcons/camera.png ./bin/icons/ca_video_chat.png ./bin/icons/ca_voice_control.png ./bin/icons/ca_vpn.png ./bin/icons/ca_wifi.png Is there a oneliner to calculate the total disk space occupied by them (before I pngcrush them)? I've tried (unsuccessfully): settings# find . -name \*.png | xargs du -s 4 ./assets/support/wifi_locked_icon_white.png 1 ./assets/support/wifi_vpn_icon_connected.png 1 ./assets/support/wi_fi.png 1 ./assets/support/wi_fi_conected.png 8 ./bin/blackberry-tablet-icon.png 2 ./bin/icons/ca_about.png 2 ./bin/icons/ca_accessibility.png 2 ./bin/icons/ca_accounts.png 2 ./bin/icons/ca_airplane_mode.png 2 ./bin/icons/ca_application_permissions.png 1 ./bin/icons/ca_balance.png

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• Redirect one input from one terminal to another

  - by Niki Yoshiuchi

  I have sshed into a linux box and I'm using dvtm and bash (although I have also tried this with Gnu screen and bash). I have two terminals, current /dev/pts/29 and /dev/pts/130. I want to redirect the input from one to the other. From what I understand, in /dev/pts/130 I can type: cat </dev/pts/29 And then when I type in /dev/pts/29 the characters I type should show up in /dev/pts/130. However what ends up happening is that every other character I type gets redirected. For example, if I type "hello" I get this: /dev/pts/29 | /dev/pts/130 $ | $ cat </dev/pts/29 $ el | hlo This is really frustrating as I need to do this in order to redirect the io of a process running in gdb (I've tried both run /dev/pts/# and set inferior-tty /dev/pts/# and both resulted in the aforementioned behavior). Am I doing something wrong, or is this a bug in bash/screen/dvtm?

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• Getting rsync to move file from source to destination ?

  - by fabien-barbier

  Is rsync is a good choice for my project ? I have to : - copy files from source to destination folder via SSH, - be sure all files are copied, - delete source files after copy. - if I have conflict name, I have to rename files. It looks like I can use option : --remove-source-files (to delete source files) But how rsync manage conflict, can I had rules ? Use case on my project : I run scientific calculation on server A and results are inserted in folder "process", for each calculation I have a repository like this : /process/calc1. Now I would like to transfer repository "/calc1" to server B (I get /process/calc1), and delete "calc1" from server A. ...During another calculation I get "/process/calc2" on server A, the idea is also to move "calc2" in "/process/" directory on server B, then I have now on server B : - /process/calc1 - /process/calc2 (and /process/ on server A is empty). How rsync will manage conflict (on server B) if I have another folder like "/process/calc1" in server A after a new calculation (if "/process/calc1" already exist on server B) ? Is it possible to add rules with rsync, and rename "/process/calc1" by "process/calc1R2" in server B ? And so on (ex:calc1R3) ? Thanks.

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• If I exchange the CPU, must I reinstall the OSes? (swapping cpus from one *nix-like to another)

  - by dag729

  Hi, as suggested by the title, I want to change CPU: actually I have two computers, one with Ubuntu running on an AMD Athlon 64 dual core 5200+ and the other with FreeBSD running on an AMD Sempron single core LE-1250. I would like to swap (I am not sure that this is the correct term...) the CPUs from one computer to the other one, that is take the dual core from the ubuntu pc and put it inside the freebsd pc and viceversa. The mobo is the same. Do you think I will encounter problems?

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• concatenate files including path in header - path contains spaces

  - by manolo

  I have to concatenate a number of files in a directory structure which contains spaces in the folder names looking like this: ./CH 0000100014/A10/11XT/11xt#001.csv find . -name "*.csv" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 cat > allmycsv.txt does the job, however now I need to include the information contained in the path, i.e. CH 0000100014/A10/11XT as a header of each inputfile to cat. find . -name "*.csv" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I % sh -c 'echo %; cat %' >allmycsv.txt would do the job, if I had no spaces in the path, but in my case, cat does not get along with the space in the path name. Is there a way out? Cheers, E P.S. I am working on bash on OSX

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• Recovering text files in terminal using grep on Mac OS X Snow Leopard

  - by littlejim84

  I foolishly removed some source code from my Mac OS X Snow Leopard machine with rm -rf when doing something with buildout. I want to try and recover these files again. I haven't touched the system since to try and seek an answer. I found this article and it seems like the grep method is the way to go, but when running it on my machine I'm getting 'Resource busy' when trying to run it on the disk. I'm using this command: sudo grep -a -B1000 -A1000 'video_output' /dev/disk0s2 > file.txt Where 'dev/disk0s2' is what came up when I ran df. I get this when running: grep: /dev/disk0s2: Resource busy I'm not an expert with this stuff, I'm trying my best. Please can anyone help me further? I'm on the verge of losing two days of source code work! Thank you

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• When does /tmp get cleared?

  - by John Lawrence Aspden

  I'm taking to putting various files in /tmp, and I wondered what the rules on deleting them are? I'm imagining it's different for different distributions, and I'm particularly interested in Ubuntu and Fedora desktop versions. But a nice general way of finding out would be a great thing. Even better would be a nice general way of controlling it! (Something like 'every day at 3 in the morning, delete any /tmp files older than 60 days, but don't clear the directory on reboot')

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• Running rsync on network connect

  - by user40495

  I have one mac which is always on and is my main computer. I also have a MacBook and I'm trying to Sync my iphoto library. So I can successfully use rsync to sync files. I'm using a cron to have it run once a day. In reality the macbook isn't always on, so I'm looking for a way to run rsync when ever the two computers are connected on the same wifi network. So I'm guessing the best place is to somehow run rsync when the airport is connected. Whats the best way

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• Running rsync on network connect

  I have one mac which is always on and is my main computer. I also have a MacBook and I'm trying to Sync my iphoto library. So I can successfully use rsync to sync files. I'm using a cron to have it run once a day. In reality the macbook isn't always on, so I'm looking for a way to run rsync when ever the two computers are connected on the same wifi network. So I'm guessing the best place is to somehow run rsync when the airport is connected. Whats the best way

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• How can i use the `eject` command on a computer i have SSH'd into?

  - by will

  So if i do eject on my machine, it works exactly as expected, however, if i ssh into the machine next to me, and do the same thing, it does not work... my computer: eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/dev/cdrom' eject: `/dev/cdrom' is a link to `/dev/sr0' eject: `/dev/sr0' is not mounted eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a mount point eject: checking if device "/dev/sr0" has a removable or hotpluggable flag eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a multipartition device eject: trying to eject `/dev/sr0' using CD-ROM eject command eject: CD-ROM eject command succeeded other computer: eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/dev/cdrom' eject: `/dev/cdrom' is a link to `/dev/sr0' eject: `/dev/sr0' is not mounted eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a mount point eject: checking if device "/dev/sr0" has a removable or hotpluggable flag eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a multipartition device eject: unable to open `/dev/sr0' if i look in the /dev/ dir, then i find cdrom which is a symlink to sr0 - as mentioned by the verbose outputs of eject -v. On my machine, if i try and look at it, if the drive is open, it will close it, and then give this: $ less sr0 sr0 is not a regular file (use -f to see it) so $ less -f sr0 sr0: No medium found but if i do it on the other computer, $ less -f sr0 sr0: Permission denied so i look at the files more, and get this on both machines: $ ls -la sr0 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Nov 12 10:13 sr0 Does anyone know a way around this? I do not have root access.

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• readlink: illegal option -- f

  - by Scott

  Recently the script was working fine, but from some days I'm receiving such message, while running the readlink -f "$0" command: readlink: illegal option -- f usage: readlink [-n] [file ...] I was running the following code to debug: #!/bin/sh DIR=`pwd` RLPATH=`which readlink` RLOUT=`readlink -f -- "${0}"` DIROUT=`dirname -- ${RLOUT}` echo "dir: ${DIR}" echo "path: ${PATH}" echo "path to readlink: ${RLPATH}" echo "readlink output: ${RLOUT}" echo "dirname output: ${DIROUT}" Output: # ./debug.sh readlink: illegal option -- f usage: readlink [-n] [file ...] usage: dirname string [...] dir: /home/svr path: /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/root/bin path to readlink: /usr/bin/readlink readlink output: dirname output: What is wrong ?

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• Clarification on signals (sighup), jobs, and the controlling terminal

  - by asolberg

  So I've read two different perspectives and I'm trying to figure out which one is right. 1) Some sources online say that signals sent from the controlling terminal are ONLY sent to the foreground process group. That means if want a process to continue running in the background when you logout it is sufficient to simply suspend the job (ctrl-Z) and resume it in the background (bg). Then you can log out and it will continue to run because SIGHUP is only sent to the foreground job. See: http://blog.nelhage.com/2010/01/a-brief-introduction-to-termios-signaling-and-job-control/ ...In addition, if any signal-generating character is read by a terminal, it generates the appropriate signal to the foreground process group.... 2) Other sources claim you need to use the "nohup" command at the time the program is executed, or failing that, issue a "disown" command during execution to remove it from the jobs table that listens for SIGHUP. They say if you don't do this when you logout your process will also exit even if its running in a background process group. For example: http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/unix3/upt/ch23_11.htm ...If I log out anyway, the shell sends my background job a HUP signal... In my own experiments with Ubuntu linux it seems like 1) is correct. I executed a command: "sleep 20 &" then logged out, logged back in and pressed did a "ps aux". Sure enough the sleep command was still running. So then why is it that so many people seem to believe number 2? And if all you have to do is place a job in the background to keep it running why do so many people use "nohup" and "disown?"

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• Can I nohup/screen an already-started process?

  - by ojrac

  I'm doing some test-runs of long-running data migration scripts, over SSH. Let's say I start running a script around 4 PM; now, 6 PM rolls around, and I'm cursing myself for not doing this all in screen. Is there any way to "retroactively" nohup a process, or do I need to leave my computer online all night? If it's not possible to attach screen to/nohup a process I've already started, then why? Something to do with how parent/child proceses interact? (I won't accept a "no" answer that doesn't at least address the question of 'why' -- sorry ;) )

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• What exactly is there in the /etc/passwd file?

  - by Ram Bhat

  Well we all know that it holds passwords. But cat-ing it gives out nothing. Not even encrypted gibberish. So how exactly is a password stored in this? Is this like a device file or something?

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• how to gunzip to a different destination directory?

  - by Scott

  how do I gunzip to a destination directory other than the current one? this did not work: gunzip *.gz /putthemhere/

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• Finding custom printer-specific options on *nix

  - by enbuyukfener

  Hey all, I have a printer set up using CUPS (FujiXerox Document Center 1100), it is named DC1100. There are capabilities of the printer that are not shows as options of the printer as listed by: lpoptions -l -d DC1100 The output is below: PrintoutMode/Printout Mode: Draft *Normal High Photo InputSlot/Media Source: Upper Lower MultiPurpose LargeCapacity Manual *Standard PageSize/Page Size: *Letter A4 C5 C6 COM10 DL Executive Legal Monarch Statement PageRegion/PageRegion: Letter A4 C5 C6 COM10 DL Executive Legal Monarch Statement STP_Brightness/Brightness: 0.00 0.02 0.04 [snip] 2.00 STP_Contrast/Contrast: 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 [snip] 4.00 STP_ColorCorrection/Color Correction: Accurate Bright Density [snip] Uncorrected STP_DitherAlgorithm/Dither Algorithm: Adaptive EvenTone Fast [snip] VeryFast STP_EnableDensity/Density Enable: *Disabled Enabled STP_Density/Density Value: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 [snip] 8.0 STP_EnableGamma/Composite Gamma Enable: *Disabled Enabled STP_Gamma/Composite Gamma Value: 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 [snip] 4.00 STP_LinearContrast/Linear Contrast Adjustment: *False True STP_Duplex/Double-Sided Printing: DuplexNoTumble DuplexTumble *None Resolution/Rendering Resolution: *FromPrintoutMode 150x150dpi 300x300dpi 600x600dpi OutputType/Output Type: *FromPrintoutMode BlackAndWhite Grayscale STP_ImageType/Image Type: *FromPrintoutMode Photo Graphics LineArt None Text TextGraphics STP_Resolution/Resolution: *FromPrintoutMode 150dpi 300dpi 600dpi I am particularly looking for options for: "secure print" (possibly by setting a mode and setting a username) stapling hole punching Perhaps I need a vendor specific driver/PPD file? If so, any pointers as I have no idea where to look for one. I haven't been able to find one on the official site or on sites such as http://www.openprinting.org

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• grep - what arguments do you usually specify?

  - by meder

  My most common grep line is just.. grep -IRl "text" * However I'm kinda getting tired of retyping this over and over - is there some way I can make an alias command so that those arguments are always enabled? And, I was wondering what arguments you usually specify for text searching - my two arguments 'R' for recursion, 'I' for not including binary types like jpg/gif, and 'l' for line number seem a bit too minimal. Which arguments do you use?

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