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• Space partitioning when everything is moving

  - by Roy T.

  Background Together with a friend I'm working on a 2D game that is set in space. To make it as immersive and interactive as possible we want there to be thousands of objects freely floating around, some clustered together, others adrift in empty space. Challenge To unburden the rendering and physics engine we need to implement some sort of spatial partitioning. There are two challenges we have to overcome. The first challenge is that everything is moving so reconstructing/updating the data structure has to be extremely cheap since it will have to be done every frame. The second challenge is the distribution of objects, as said before there might be clusters of objects together and vast bits of empty space and to make it even worse there is no boundary to space. Existing technologies I've looked at existing techniques like BSP-Trees, QuadTrees, kd-Trees and even R-Trees but as far as I can tell these data structures aren't a perfect fit since updating a lot of objects that have moved to other cells is relatively expensive. What I've tried I made the decision that I need a data structure that is more geared toward rapid insertion/update than on giving back the least amount of possible hits given a query. For that purpose I made the cells implicit so each object, given it's position, can calculate in which cell(s) it should be. Then I use a HashMap that maps cell-coordinates to an ArrayList (the contents of the cell). This works fairly well since there is no memory lost on 'empty' cells and its easy to calculate which cells to inspect. However creating all those ArrayLists (worst case N) is expensive and so is growing the HashMap a lot of times (although that is slightly mitigated by giving it a large initial capacity). Problem OK so this works but still isn't very fast. Now I can try to micro-optimize the JAVA code. However I'm not expecting too much of that since the profiler tells me that most time is spent in creating all those objects that I use to store the cells. I'm hoping that there are some other tricks/algorithms out there that make this a lot faster so here is what my ideal data structure looks like: The number one priority is fast updating/reconstructing of the entire data structure Its less important to finely divide the objects into equally sized bins, we can draw a few extra objects and do a few extra collision checks if that means that updating is a little bit faster Memory is not really important (PC game)

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• Create bullet physics rigid body along the vertices of a blender model

  - by Krishnabhadra

  I am working on my first 3D game, for iphone, and I am using Blender to create models, Cocos3D game engine and Bullet for physics simulation. I am trying to learn the use of physics engine. What I have done I have created a small model in blender which contains a Cube (default blender cube) at the origin and a UVSphere hovering exactly on top of this cube (without touching the cube) I saved the file to get MyModel.blend. Then I used File -> Export -> PVRGeoPOD (.pod/.h/.cpp) in Blender to export the model to .pod format to use along with Cocos3D. In the coding side, I added necessary bullet files to my Cocos3D template project in XCode. I am also using a bullet objective C wrapper. -(void) initializeScene { _physicsWorld = [[CC3PhysicsWorld alloc] init]; [_physicsWorld setGravity:0 y:-9.8 z:0]; /*Setup camera, lamp etc.*/ .......... ........... /*Add models created in blender to scene*/ [self addContentFromPODFile: @"MyModel.pod"]; /*Create OpenGL ES buffers*/ [self createGLBuffers]; /*get models*/ CC3MeshNode* cubeNode = (CC3MeshNode*)[self getNodeNamed:@"Cube"]; CC3MeshNode* sphereNode = (CC3MeshNode*)[self getNodeNamed:@"Sphere"]; /*Those boring grey colors..*/ [cubeNode setColor:ccc3(255, 255, 0)]; [sphereNode setColor:ccc3(255, 0, 0)]; float *cVertexData = (float*)((CC3VertexArrayMesh*)cubeNode.mesh).vertexLocations.vertices; int cVertexCount = (CC3VertexArrayMesh*)cubeNode.mesh).vertexLocations.vertexCount; btTriangleMesh* cTriangleMesh = new btTriangleMesh(); // for (int i = 0; i < cVertexCount * 3; i+=3) { // printf("\n%f", cVertexData[i]); // printf("\n%f", cVertexData[i+1]); // printf("\n%f", cVertexData[i+2]); // } /*Trying to create a triangle mesh that curresponds the cube in 3D space.*/ int offset = 0; for (int i = 0; i < (cVertexCount / 3); i++){ unsigned int index1 = offset; unsigned int index2 = offset+6; unsigned int index3 = offset+12; cTriangleMesh->addTriangle( btVector3(cVertexData[index1], cVertexData[index1+1], cVertexData[index1+2] ), btVector3(cVertexData[index2], cVertexData[index2+1], cVertexData[index2+2] ), btVector3(cVertexData[index3], cVertexData[index3+1], cVertexData[index3+2] )); offset += 18; } [self releaseRedundantData]; /*Create a collision shape from triangle mesh*/ btBvhTriangleMeshShape* cTriMeshShape = new btBvhTriangleMeshShape(cTriangleMesh,true); btCollisionShape *sphereShape = new btSphereShape(1); /*Create physics objects*/ gTriMeshObject = [_physicsWorld createPhysicsObjectTrimesh:cubeNode shape:cTriMeshShape mass:0 restitution:1.0 position:cubeNode.location]; sphereObject = [_physicsWorld createPhysicsObject:sphereNode shape:sphereShape mass:1 restitution:0.1 position:sphereNode.location]; sphereObject.rigidBody->setDamping(0.1,0.8); } When I run the sphere and cube shows up fine. I expect the sphere object to fall directly on top of the cube, since I have given it a mass of 1 and the physics world gravity is given as -9.8 in y direction. But What is happening the spere rotates around cube three or times and then just jumps out of the scene. Then I know I have some basic misunderstanding about the whole process. So my question is, how can I create a physics collision shape which corresponds to the shape of a particular mesh model. I may need complex shapes than cube and sphere, but before going into them I want to understand the concepts.

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• This code is of chess game. What is represented by 'DISTANCE' in code? [closed]

  - by rajeshverma423

  package chess; public class Evaluate { public static final int PIECE_KING = 0; public static final int PIECE_QUEEN = 1; public static final int PIECE_ROOK = 2; public static final int PIECE_BISHOP = 3; public static final int PIECE_KNIGHT = 4; public static final int PIECE_PAWN = 5; public static final int FULL_BIT_RANK = 4080; public static final int LAZY_MARGIN = 100; public static final int ISOLATED_PENALTY = 10; public static final int DOUBLE_PENALTY = 4; public static final int[] PIECE_VALUE = { 0, 9, 5, 3, 3, 1 }; public static final int[] PASS_PAWN = { 0, 35, 30, 20, 10, 5 }; public static final byte[] DISTANCE = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 6, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7 };

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• Coding different states in Adventure Games

  - by Cardin

  I'm planning out an adventure game, and can't figure out what's the right way to implement the behaviour of a level depending on state of story progression. My single-player game features a huge world where the player has to interact with people in a town at various points in the game. However, depending on story progression, different things would be presented to the player, for e.g. the Guild Leader will change locations from the town square to various locations around the city; Doors would only unlock at certain times of the day after finishing a particular routine; Different cut-screen/trigger events happen only after a particular milestone has been reached. I naively thought of using a switch{} statement initially to decide what the NPC should say or which he could be found at, and making quest objectives interact-able only after checking a global game_state variable's condition. But I realised I would quickly run into a lot of different game states and switch-cases in order to change the behaviour of an object. That switch statement would also be massively hard to debug, and I guess it might also be hard to use in a level editor. So I thought, instead of having a single object with multiple states, maybe I should have multiple instances of the same object, with a single state. That way, if I use something like a level editor, I can put an instance of the NPC at all the different locations he could ever appear at, and also an instance for each conversation state he has. But that means there'll be a lot of inactive, invisible game objects floating around the level, which might be trouble for memory, or simply hard to see in a level editor, i don't know. Or simply, make an identical, but separate level for each game state. This feels the cleanest and bug-free way to do things, but it feels like massive manual work making sure each version of the level is really identical to each other. All my methods feel so inefficient, so to recap my question, is there a better or standardised way to implement behaviour of a level depending on state of story progression? PS: I don't have a level editor yet - thinking of using something like JME SDK or making my own.

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• SSAO Distortion

  - by Robert Xu

  I'm currently (attempting) to add SSAO to my engine, except it's...not really work, to say the least. I use a deferred renderer to render my scene. I have four render targets: Albedo, Light, Normal, and Depth. Here are the parameters for all of them (Surface Format, Depth Format): Albedo: 32-bit ARGB, Depth24Stencil8 Light: 32-bit ARGB, None Normal: 32-bit ARGB, None Depth: 8-bit R (Single), Depth24Stencil8 To generate my random noise map for the SSAO, I do the following for each pixel in the noise map: Vector3 v3 = Vector3.Zero; double z = rand.NextDouble() * 2.0 - 1.0; double r = Math.Sqrt(1.0 - z * z); double angle = rand.NextDouble() * MathHelper.TwoPi; v3.X = (float)(r * Math.Cos(angle)); v3.Y = (float)(r * Math.Sin(angle)); v3.Z = (float)z; v3 += offset; v3 *= 0.5f; result[i] = new Color(v3); This is my GBuffer rendering effect: PixelInput RenderGBufferColorVertexShader(VertexInput input) { PixelInput pi = ( PixelInput ) 0; pi.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection); pi.Normal = mul(input.Normal, WorldInverseTranspose); pi.Color = input.Color; pi.TPosition = pi.Position; pi.WPosition = input.Position; return pi; } GBufferTarget RenderGBufferColorPixelShader(PixelInput input) { GBufferTarget output = ( GBufferTarget ) 0; float3 position = input.TPosition.xyz / input.TPosition.w; output.Albedo = lerp(float4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), input.Color, ColorFactor); output.Normal = EncodeNormal(input.Normal); output.Depth = position.z; return output; } And here is the SSAO effect: float4 EncodeNormal(float3 normal) { return float4((normal.xyz * 0.5f) + 0.5f, 0.0f); } float3 DecodeNormal(float4 encoded) { return encoded * 2.0 - 1.0f; } float Intensity; float Size; float2 NoiseOffset; float4x4 ViewProjection; float4x4 ViewProjectionInverse; texture DepthMap; texture NormalMap; texture RandomMap; const float3 samples[16] = { float3(0.01537562, 0.01389096, 0.02276565), float3(-0.0332658, -0.2151698, -0.0660736), float3(-0.06420016, -0.1919067, 0.5329634), float3(-0.05896204, -0.04509097, -0.03611697), float3(-0.1302175, 0.01034653, 0.01543675), float3(0.3168565, -0.182557, -0.01421785), float3(-0.02134448, -0.1056605, 0.00576055), float3(-0.3502164, 0.281433, -0.2245609), float3(-0.00123525, 0.00151868, 0.02614773), float3(0.1814744, 0.05798516, -0.02362876), float3(0.07945167, -0.08302628, 0.4423518), float3(0.321987, -0.05670302, -0.05418307), float3(-0.00165138, -0.00410309, 0.00537362), float3(0.01687791, 0.03189049, -0.04060405), float3(-0.04335613, -0.00530749, 0.06443053), float3(0.8474263, -0.3590308, -0.02318038), }; sampler DepthSampler = sampler_state { Texture = DepthMap; MipFilter = Point; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; AddressW = Clamp; }; sampler NormalSampler = sampler_state { Texture = NormalMap; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; AddressW = Clamp; }; sampler RandomSampler = sampler_state { Texture = RandomMap; MipFilter = Linear; MinFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; }; struct VertexInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TextureCoordinates : TEXCOORD0; }; struct PixelInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TextureCoordinates : TEXCOORD0; }; PixelInput SSAOVertexShader(VertexInput input) { PixelInput pi = ( PixelInput ) 0; pi.Position = input.Position; pi.TextureCoordinates = input.TextureCoordinates; return pi; } float3 GetXYZ(float2 uv) { float depth = tex2D(DepthSampler, uv); float2 xy = uv * 2.0f - 1.0f; xy.y *= -1; float4 p = float4(xy, depth, 1); float4 q = mul(p, ViewProjectionInverse); return q.xyz / q.w; } float3 GetNormal(float2 uv) { return DecodeNormal(tex2D(NormalSampler, uv)); } float4 SSAOPixelShader(PixelInput input) : COLOR0 { float depth = tex2D(DepthSampler, input.TextureCoordinates); float3 position = GetXYZ(input.TextureCoordinates); float3 normal = GetNormal(input.TextureCoordinates); float occlusion = 1.0f; float3 reflectionRay = DecodeNormal(tex2D(RandomSampler, input.TextureCoordinates + NoiseOffset)); for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) { float3 sampleXYZ = position + reflect(samples[i], reflectionRay) * Size; float4 screenXYZW = mul(float4(sampleXYZ, 1.0f), ViewProjection); float3 screenXYZ = screenXYZW.xyz / screenXYZW.w; float2 sampleUV = float2(screenXYZ.x * 0.5f + 0.5f, 1.0f - (screenXYZ.y * 0.5f + 0.5f)); float frontMostDepthAtSample = tex2D(DepthSampler, sampleUV); if (frontMostDepthAtSample < screenXYZ.z) { occlusion -= 1.0f / 16.0f; } } return float4(occlusion * Intensity * float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), 1.0); } technique SSAO { pass Pass0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 SSAOVertexShader(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 SSAOPixelShader(); } } However, when I use the effect, I get some pretty bad distortion: Here's the light map that goes with it -- is the static-like effect supposed to be like that? I've noticed that even if I'm looking at nothing, I still get the static-like effect. (you can see it in the screenshot; the top half doesn't have any geometry yet it still has the static-like effect) Also, does anyone have any advice on how to effectively debug shaders?

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• Level Design V.S. Modeler

  - by Ecurbed

  From what I understand being a level designer and a character/environment/object/etc Modeler are two different jobs, yet sometimes it feels like a Modeler can also do the job of the level designer. I know this also depends on the scale of the game. For small games maybe they are one and the same, but for bigger games they become two different jobs. I understand a background in some modeling could not hurt when it comes to level design, but the question I have is: Do jobs prefer people who can model for level designing? This way they can kill two birds with one stone and have someone to create the assets and design the level. What is your opinion of the training? Does level design contain skill sets that make them completely different from what a modeler can do, or is this an easy transition for a modeler to become a level designer? Can you be a bad level designer but a good modeler and vice versa?

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• How to store a shmup level?

  - by pek

  I am developing a 2D shmup (i.e. Aero Fighters) and I was wondering what are the various ways to store a level. Assuming that enemies are defined in their own xml file, how would you define when an enemy spawns in the level? Would it be based on time? Updates? Distance? Currently I do this based on "level time" (the amount of time the level is running - pausing doesn't update the time). Here is an example (the serialization was done by XNA): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <XnaContent xmlns:level="pekalicious.xanor.XanorContentShared.content.level"> <Asset Type="level:Level"> <Enemies> <Enemy> <EnemyType>data/enemies/smallenemy</EnemyType> <SpawnTime>PT0S</SpawnTime> <NumberOfSpawns>60</NumberOfSpawns> <SpawnOffset>PT0.2S</SpawnOffset> </Enemy> <Enemy> <EnemyType>data/enemies/secondenemy</EnemyType> <SpawnTime>PT0S</SpawnTime> <NumberOfSpawns>10</NumberOfSpawns> <SpawnOffset>PT0.5S</SpawnOffset> </Enemy> <Enemy> <EnemyType>data/enemies/secondenemy</EnemyType> <SpawnTime>PT20S</SpawnTime> <NumberOfSpawns>10</NumberOfSpawns> <SpawnOffset>PT0.5S</SpawnOffset> </Enemy> <Enemy> <EnemyType>data/enemies/boss1</EnemyType> <SpawnTime>PT30S</SpawnTime> <NumberOfSpawns>1</NumberOfSpawns> <SpawnOffset>PT0S</SpawnOffset> </Enemy> </Enemies> </Asset> </XnaContent> Each Enemy element is basically a wave of specific enemy types. The type is defined in EnemyType while SpawnTime is the "level time" this wave should appear. NumberOfSpawns and SpawnOffset is the number of enemies that will show up and the time it takes between each spawn respectively. This could be a good idea or there could be better ones out there. I'm not sure. I would like to see some opinions and ideas. I have two problems with this: spawning an enemy correctly and creating a level editor. The level editor thing is an entirely different problem (which I will probably post in the future :P). As for spawning correctly, the problem lies in the fact that I have a variable update time and so I need to make sure I don't miss an enemy spawn because the spawn offset is too small, or because the update took a little more time. I kinda fixed it for the most part, but it seems to me that the problem is with how I store the level. So, any ideas? Comments? Thank you in advance.

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• XNA - Drawing 2D Primitives (Boxes) and Understanding Matrices in Computer Graphics

  - by MintyAnt

  I have two issues which I wish to solve by creating 2D primitives in XNA. In my game, I wish to have a "debug mode" which will draw a red box around all hitboxes in the game (Red outline, transparent inside). This would allow us to see where the hitboxes are being drawn AND still have the sprite graphics being drawn. I wish to further understand how matrices work within computer graphics. I have a basic theoretical grasp of how they work, but I really just want to apply some of my knowledge or find a good tutorial on it. To do this, I wish to draw my own 2D primitives (With Vertex3's) and apply different transormation matrices to them. I was trying to find a tutorial on drawing primitives using Direct3D, but most tutorials are only for c++, and just tell me to use XNA's Spritebatch. I wish to have more control over my program than just with Spritebatch. Any Help on using Direct3D or any other suggestions would greatly be appreciated. Thank you.

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• Errors compiling XNA project Windows 8?

  - by ChocoMan

  I'm using Visual Studio 2012 have just installed Windows 8 on my computer and tried to compile a game Im working on in XNA. When the game tried to build, I got the following errors: Error 12 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\SkyDome\skycirrus01.xnb" because it was not found. Error 13 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Fonts\Arial.xnb" because it was not found. Error 14 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Fonts\ISOCP2.xnb" because it was not found. skycirrus01.xnb is actually a .fbx. *Arial.xmb* and ISOCP2.xmb are my spritefonts within my project. Prior to installing Windows 8 (store bought) my project compiled. Does anyone know how to convert these to .xnb files? I'm assuming that will make them compatible.

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• Issue with multiplayer interpolation

  - by Ben Cracknell

  In a fast-paced multiplayer game I'm working on, there is an issue with the interpolation algorithm. You can see it clearly in the image below. Cyan: Local position when a packet is received Red: Position received from packet (goal) Blue: Line from local position to goal when packet is received Black: Local position every frame As you can see, the local position seems to oscillate around the goals instead of moving between them smoothly. Here is the code: // local transform position when the last packet arrived. Will lerp from here to the goal private Vector3 positionAtLastPacket; // location received from last packet private Vector3 goal; // time since the last packet arrived private float currentTime; // estimated time to reach goal (also the expected time of the next packet) private float timeToReachGoal; private void PacketReceived(Vector3 position, float timeBetweenPackets) { positionAtLastPacket = transform.position; goal = position; timeToReachGoal = timeBetweenPackets; currentTime = 0; Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, Vector3.up, Color.cyan, 5); // current local position Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, goal, Color.blue, 5); // path to goal Debug.DrawRay(goal, Vector3.up, Color.red, 5); // received goal position } private void FrameUpdate() { currentTime += Time.deltaTime; float delta = currentTime/timeToReachGoal; transform.position = FreeLerp(positionAtLastPacket, goal, currentTime / timeToReachGoal); // current local position Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, Vector3.up * 0.5f, Color.black, 5); } /// <summary> /// Lerp without being locked to 0-1 /// </summary> Vector3 FreeLerp(Vector3 from, Vector3 to, float t) { return from + (to - from) * t; } Any idea about what's going on?

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• IOS OpenGl transparency performance issue

  - by user346443

  I have built a game in Unity that uses OpenGL ES 1.1 for IOS. I have a nice constant frame rate of 30 until i place a semi transparent texture over the top on my entire scene. I expect the drop in frames is due to the blending overhead with sorting the frame buffer. On 4s and 3gs the frames stay at 30 but on the iPhone 4 the frame rate drops to 15-20. Probably due to the extra pixels in the retina compared to the 3gs and smaller cpu/gpu compared to the 4s. I would like to know if there is anything i can do to try and increase the frame rate when a transparent texture is rendered on top of the entire scene. Please not the the transparent texture overlay is a core part of the game and i can't disable anything else in the scene to speed things up. If its guaranteed to make a difference I guess I can switch to OpenGl ES 2.0 and write the shaders but i would prefer not to as i need to target older devices. I should add that the depth buffer is disabled and I'm blending using SrcAlpha One. Any advice would be highly appreciated. Cheers

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• Role of systems in entity systems architecture

  - by bio595

  I've been reading a lot about entity components and systems and have thought that the idea of an entity just being an ID is quite interesting. However I don't know how this completely works with the components aspect or the systems aspect. A component is just a data object managed by some relevant system. A collision system uses some BoundsComponent together with a spatial data structure to determine if collisions have happened. All good so far, but what if multiple systems need access to the same component? Where should the data live? An input system could modify an entities BoundsComponent, but the physics system(s) need access to the same component as does some rendering system. Also, how are entities constructed? One of the advantages I've read so much about is flexibility in entity construction. Are systems intrinsically tied to a component? If I want to introduce some new component, do I also have to introduce a new system or modify an existing one? Another thing that I've read often is that the 'type' of an entity is inferred by what components it has. If my entity is just an id how can I know that my robot entity needs to be moved or rendered and thus modified by some system? Sorry for the long post (or at least it seems so from my phone screen)!

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• Textures do not render on ATI graphics cards?

  - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen

  I'm rendering textured quads to an orthographic view in XNA through hardware instancing. On Nvidia graphics cards, this all works, tested on 3 machines. On ATI cards, it doesn't work at all, tested on 2 machines. How come? Culling perhaps? My orthographic view is set up like this: Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(0, graphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, -graphicsDevice.Viewport.Height, 0, 0, 1); And my elements are rendered with the Z-coordinate 0. Edit: I just figured out something weird. If I do not call this spritebatch code above doing my textured quad rendering code, then it won't work on Nvidia cards either. Could that be due to culling information or something like that? Batch.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone); ... spriteBatch.End(); Edit 2: Here's the full code for my instancing call. public void DrawTextures() { Batch.Instance.SpriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Texture, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.LinearClamp, DepthStencilState.Default, RasterizerState.CullNone, textureEffect); while (texturesToDraw.Count > 0) { TextureJob texture = texturesToDraw.Dequeue(); spriteBatch.Draw(texture.Texture, texture.DestinationRectangle, texture.TintingColor); } spriteBatch.End(); #if !NOTEXTUREINSTANCING // no work to do if (positionInBufferTextured > 0) { device.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; textureEffect.CurrentTechnique = textureEffect.Techniques["Technique1"]; textureEffect.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue(darkTexture); textureEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply(); if ((textureInstanceBuffer == null) || (positionInBufferTextured > textureInstanceBuffer.VertexCount)) { if (textureInstanceBuffer != null) textureInstanceBuffer.Dispose(); textureInstanceBuffer = new DynamicVertexBuffer(device, texturedInstanceVertexDeclaration, positionInBufferTextured, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); } if (positionInBufferTextured > 0) { textureInstanceBuffer.SetData(texturedInstances, 0, positionInBufferTextured, SetDataOptions.Discard); } device.Indices = textureIndexBuffer; device.SetVertexBuffers(textureGeometryBuffer, new VertexBufferBinding(textureInstanceBuffer, 0, 1)); device.DrawInstancedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, 0, 0, textureGeometryBuffer.VertexCount, 0, 2, positionInBufferTextured); // now that we've drawn, it's ok to reset positionInBuffer back to zero, // and write over any vertices that may have been set previously. positionInBufferTextured = 0; } #endif }

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• Flash game size and distribution between asset types

  - by EyeSeeEm

  I am currently developing a Flash game and am planning on a large amount of graphics and audio assets, which has led to some questions about Flash game size. By looking at some of the popular games on NG, there seem to be many in the 5-10Mb and a few in the 10-25Mb range. I was wondering if anyone knew of other notable large-scale games and what their sizes were, and if there have been any cases of games being disadvantaged because of their size. What is a common distribution of game size between code, graphics and audio? I know this can vary strongly, but I would like to hear your thoughts on an average case for a high-quality game.

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• AS3 Stage3D Mouse click problem?

  - by Martin K

  I have a problem with Mouse interaction and Stage3D. The only way I found to register to listen to mouse clicks and interact with Stage3D, is to add a mouse eventListener directly to the .stage. However this will result in any time i click anywhere in the flash application the mouse click will fire, even if there is an overlaid 2D menu where the user intended to click. IE I have a 3D application running in the background, which listens to clicks, and I have some floating User Interface elements in the foreground, and ideally if I clicked a button in the foreground, then that would NOT fire a click event that the Stage3D would register. Any idea how to solve this problem?

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• Per-vertex animation with VBOs: VBO per character or VBO per animation?

  - by charstar

  Goal To leverage the richness of well vetted animation tools such as Blender to do the heavy lifting for a small but rich set of animations. I am aware of additive pose blending like that from Naughty Dog and similar techniques but I would prefer to expend a little RAM/VRAM to avoid implementing a thesis-ready pose solver. I would also like to avoid implementing a key-frame + interpolation curve solver (reinventing Blender vertex groups and IPOs), if possible. Scenario Meshes are animated using either skeletons (skinned animation) or some form of morph targets (i.e. per-vertex key frames). However, in either case, the animations are known in full at load-time, that is, there is no physics, IK solving, or any other form of in-game pose solving. The number of character actions (animations) will be limited but rich (hand-animated). There may be multiple characters using a each mesh and its animations simultaneously in-game (they will likely be at different frames of the same animation at the same time). Assume color and texture coordinate buffers are static. Current Considerations Much like a non-shader-powered pose solver, create a VBO for each character and copy vertex and normal data to each VBO on each frame (VBO in STREAMING). Create one VBO for each animation where each frame (interleaved vertex and normal data) is concatenated onto the VBO. Then each character simply has a buffer pointer offset based on its current animation frame (e.g. pointer offset = (numVertices+numNormals)*frameNumber). (VBO in STATIC) Known Trade-Offs In 1 above: Each VBO would be small but there would be many VBOs and therefore lots of buffer binding and vertex copying each frame. Both client and pipeline intensive. In 2 above: There would be few VBOs therefore insignificant buffer binding and no vertex data getting jammed down the pipe each frame, but each VBO would be quite large. Are there any pitfalls to number 2 (aside from finite memory)? I've found a lot of information on what you can do, but no real best practices. Are there other considerations or methods that I am missing?

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• Maya 6 vs Maya 2013

  - by DiscreteGenius

  I have the entire "Learning Maya 6" books that I purchased back when Maya 6/6.5 was the hottest thing. I read some of the books but never finished the series. I don't know much about Maya or the field. I want to get back into the field but I have a concern. My question: Would I be failing if I decided to use my old Maya 6 books and Maya 6.5 software? As opposed to ditching my old books and starting with Maya 2013 and online tutorials, videos, etc.?

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• Custom Gesture in cocos2d

  - by Lewis

  I've found a little tutorial that would be useful for my game: http://blog.mellenthin.de/archives/2012/02/13/an-one-finger-rotation-gesture-recognizer/ But I can't work out how to convert that gesture to work with cocos2d, I have found examples of pre made gestures in cocos2d, but no custom ones, is it possible? EDIT STILL HAVING PROBLEMS WITH THIS: I've added the code from Sentinel below (from SO), the Gesture and RotateGesture have both been added to my solution and are compiling. Although In the rotation class now I only see selectors, how do I set those up? As the custom gesture found in that project above looks like: header file for custom gesture: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> @protocol OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate <NSObject> @optional - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle; - (void) finalAngle: (CGFloat) angle; @end @interface OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer { CGPoint midPoint; CGFloat innerRadius; CGFloat outerRadius; CGFloat cumulatedAngle; id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate> target; } - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) outerRadius target: (id) target; - (void)reset; - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; @end .m for custom gesture file: #include <math.h> #import "OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer.h" @implementation OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer // private helper functions CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2); CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB); - (id) initWithMidPoint: (CGPoint) _midPoint innerRadius: (CGFloat) _innerRadius outerRadius: (CGFloat) _outerRadius target: (id <OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizerDelegate>) _target { if ((self = [super initWithTarget: _target action: nil])) { midPoint = _midPoint; innerRadius = _innerRadius; outerRadius = _outerRadius; target = _target; } return self; } /** Calculates the distance between point1 and point 2. */ CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints(CGPoint point1, CGPoint point2) { CGFloat dx = point1.x - point2.x; CGFloat dy = point1.y - point2.y; return sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); } CGFloat angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(CGPoint beginLineA, CGPoint endLineA, CGPoint beginLineB, CGPoint endLineB) { CGFloat a = endLineA.x - beginLineA.x; CGFloat b = endLineA.y - beginLineA.y; CGFloat c = endLineB.x - beginLineB.x; CGFloat d = endLineB.y - beginLineB.y; CGFloat atanA = atan2(a, b); CGFloat atanB = atan2(c, d); // convert radiants to degrees return (atanA - atanB) * 180 / M_PI; } #pragma mark - UIGestureRecognizer implementation - (void)reset { [super reset]; cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; if ([touches count] != 1) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; return; } } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed) return; CGPoint nowPoint = [[touches anyObject] locationInView: self.view]; CGPoint prevPoint = [[touches anyObject] previousLocationInView: self.view]; // make sure the new point is within the area CGFloat distance = distanceBetweenPoints(midPoint, nowPoint); if ( innerRadius <= distance && distance <= outerRadius) { // calculate rotation angle between two points CGFloat angle = angleBetweenLinesInDegrees(midPoint, prevPoint, midPoint, nowPoint); // fix value, if the 12 o'clock position is between prevPoint and nowPoint if (angle > 180) { angle -= 360; } else if (angle < -180) { angle += 360; } // sum up single steps cumulatedAngle += angle; // call delegate if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(rotation:)]) { [target rotation:angle]; } } else { // finger moved outside the area self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized; if ([target respondsToSelector: @selector(finalAngle:)]) { [target finalAngle:cumulatedAngle]; } } else { self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; } cumulatedAngle = 0; } - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed; cumulatedAngle = 0; } @end Then its initialised like this: // calculate center and radius of the control CGPoint midPoint = CGPointMake(image.frame.origin.x + image.frame.size.width / 2, image.frame.origin.y + image.frame.size.height / 2); CGFloat outRadius = image.frame.size.width / 2; // outRadius / 3 is arbitrary, just choose something >> 0 to avoid strange // effects when touching the control near of it's center gestureRecognizer = [[OneFingerRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithMidPoint: midPoint innerRadius: outRadius / 3 outerRadius: outRadius target: self]; [self.view addGestureRecognizer: gestureRecognizer]; The selector below is also in the same file where the initialisation of the gestureRecogonizer: - (void) rotation: (CGFloat) angle { // calculate rotation angle imageAngle += angle; if (imageAngle > 360) imageAngle -= 360; else if (imageAngle < -360) imageAngle += 360; // rotate image and update text field image.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(imageAngle * M_PI / 180); [self updateTextDisplay]; } I can't seem to get this working in the RotateGesture class can anyone help me please I've been stuck on this for days now. SECOND EDIT: Here is the users code from SO that was suggested to me: Here is projec on GitHub: SFGestureRecognizers It uses builded in iOS UIGestureRecognizer, and don't needs to be integrated into cocos2d sources. Using it, You can make any gestures, just like you could, if you whould work with UIGestureRecognizer. For example: I made a base class Gesture, and subclassed it for any new gesture: //Gesture.h @interface Gesture : NSObject <UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> { UIGestureRecognizer *gestureRecognizer; id delegate; SEL preSolveSelector; SEL possibleSelector; SEL beganSelector; SEL changedSelector; SEL endedSelector; SEL cancelledSelector; SEL failedSelector; BOOL preSolveAvailable; CCNode *owner; } - (id)init; - (void)addGestureRecognizerToNode:(CCNode*)node; - (void)removeGestureRecognizerFromNode:(CCNode*)node; -(void)recognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer*)recognizer; @end //Gesture.m #import "Gesture.h" @implementation Gesture - (id)init { if (!(self = [super init])) return self; preSolveAvailable = YES; return self; } - (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer { return YES; } - (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)recognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch { //! For swipe gesture recognizer we want it to be executed only if it occurs on the main layer, not any of the subnodes ( main layer is higher in hierarchy than children so it will be receiving touch by default ) if ([recognizer class] == [UISwipeGestureRecognizer class]) { CGPoint pt = [touch locationInView:touch.view]; pt = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:pt]; for (CCNode *child in owner.children) { if ([child isNodeInTreeTouched:pt]) { return NO; } } } return YES; } - (void)addGestureRecognizerToNode:(CCNode*)node { [node addGestureRecognizer:gestureRecognizer]; owner = node; } - (void)removeGestureRecognizerFromNode:(CCNode*)node { [node removeGestureRecognizer:gestureRecognizer]; } #pragma mark - Private methods -(void)recognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer*)recognizer { CCNode *node = recognizer.node; if (preSolveSelector && preSolveAvailable) { preSolveAvailable = NO; [delegate performSelector:preSolveSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } UIGestureRecognizerState state = [recognizer state]; if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && possibleSelector) { [delegate performSelector:possibleSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan && beganSelector) [delegate performSelector:beganSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged && changedSelector) [delegate performSelector:changedSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded && endedSelector) { preSolveAvailable = YES; [delegate performSelector:endedSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled && cancelledSelector) { preSolveAvailable = YES; [delegate performSelector:cancelledSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } else if (state == UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed && failedSelector) { preSolveAvailable = YES; [delegate performSelector:failedSelector withObject:recognizer withObject:node]; } } @end Subclass example: //RotateGesture.h #import "Gesture.h" @interface RotateGesture : Gesture - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target preSolveSelector:(SEL)preSolve possibleSelector:(SEL)possible beganSelector:(SEL)began changedSelector:(SEL)changed endedSelector:(SEL)ended cancelledSelector:(SEL)cancelled failedSelector:(SEL)failed; @end //RotateGesture.m #import "RotateGesture.h" @implementation RotateGesture - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target preSolveSelector:(SEL)preSolve possibleSelector:(SEL)possible beganSelector:(SEL)began changedSelector:(SEL)changed endedSelector:(SEL)ended cancelledSelector:(SEL)cancelled failedSelector:(SEL)failed { if (!(self = [super init])) return self; preSolveSelector = preSolve; delegate = target; possibleSelector = possible; beganSelector = began; changedSelector = changed; endedSelector = ended; cancelledSelector = cancelled; failedSelector = failed; gestureRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(recognizer:)]; gestureRecognizer.delegate = self; return self; } @end Use example: - (void)addRotateGesture { RotateGesture *rotateRecognizer = [[RotateGesture alloc] initWithTarget:self preSolveSelector:@selector(rotateGesturePreSolveWithRecognizer:node:) possibleSelector:nil beganSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateBeganWithRecognizer:node:) changedSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateChangedWithRecognizer:node:) endedSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateEndedWithRecognizer:node:) cancelledSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateCancelledWithRecognizer:node:) failedSelector:@selector(rotateGestureStateFailedWithRecognizer:node:)]; [rotateRecognizer addGestureRecognizerToNode:movableAreaSprite]; } I dont understand how to implement the custom gesture code at the start of this post into the rotateGesture class which is a subclass of the gesture class written by the SO user. Any ideas please? When I get 6 more rep I'll add a bounty to this.

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• Unity custom shaders and z-fighting

  - by Heisenbug

  I've just readed a chapter of Unity iOS Essential by Robert Wiebe. It shows a solution for handling z-figthing problem occuring while rendering a street on a plane with the same y offset. Basically it modified Normal-Diffuse shader provided by Unity, specifing the (texture?) offset in -1, -1. Here's basically what the shader looks like: Shader "Custom/ModifiedNormalDiffuse" { Properties { _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {} } SubShader { Offset -1,-1 //THIS IS THE ADDED LINE Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" } LOD 200 CGPROGRAM #pragma surface surf Lambert sampler2D _MainTex; fixed4 _Color; struct Input { float2 uv_MainTex; }; void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutput o) { half4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) *_Color; o.Albedo = c.rgb; o.Alpha = c.a; } ENDCG } FallBack "Diffuse" } Ok. That's simple and it works. The author says about it: ...we could use a copy of the shader that draw the road at an Offset of -1, -1 so that whenever the two textures are drawn, the road is always drawn last. I don't know CG nor GLSL, but I've a little bit of experience with HLSL. Anyway I can't figure out what exactly is going on. Could anyone explain me what exactly Offset directly does, and how is solves z-fighting problems?

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• Decal implementation

  - by dreta

  I had issues finding information about decals, so maybe this question will help others. The implementation is for a forward renderer. Could somebody confirm if i got decal implementation right? You define a cube of any dimension that'll define the projection volume in common space. You check for triangle intersection with the defined cube to recieve triangles that the projection will affect. You clip these triangles and save them. You then use matrix tricks to calculate UV coordinates for the saved triangles that'll reference the texture you're projecting. To do this you take the vectors representing height, width and depth of the cube in common space, so that f.e. the bottom left corner is the origin. You put that in a matrix as the i, j, k unit vectors, set the translation for the cube, then you inverse this matrix. You multiply the vertices of the saved triangles by this matrix, that way you get their coordinates inside of a 0 to 1 size cube that you use as the UV coordinates. This way you have the original triangles you're projecting onto and you have UV coordinates for them (the UV coordinates are referencing the texture you're projecting). Then you rerender the saved triangles onto the scene and they overwrite the area of projection with the projected image. Now the questions that i couldn't find answers for. Is the last point right? I've never done software clipping, but it seems error prone enough, due to limited precision, that the'll be some z fighting occuring for the projected texture. Also is the way of getting UV coordinates correct?

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• Movement prediction for non-shooters

  - by ShadowChaser

  I'm working on an isometric 2D game with moderate-scale multiplayer, approximately 20-30 players connected at once to a persistent server. I've had some difficulty getting a good movement prediction implementation in place. Physics/Movement The game doesn't have a true physics implementation, but uses the basic principles to implement movement. Rather than continually polling input, state changes (ie/ mouse down/up/move events) are used to change the state of the character entity the player is controlling. The player's direction (ie/ north-east) is combined with a constant speed and turned into a true 3D vector - the entity's velocity. In the main game loop, "Update" is called before "Draw". The update logic triggers a "physics update task" that tracks all entities with a non-zero velocity uses very basic integration to change the entities position. For example: entity.Position += entity.Velocity.Scale(ElapsedTime.Seconds) (where "Seconds" is a floating point value, but the same approach would work for millisecond integer values). The key point is that no interpolation is used for movement - the rudimentary physics engine has no concept of a "previous state" or "current state", only a position and velocity. State Change and Update Packets When the velocity of the character entity the player is controlling changes, a "move avatar" packet is sent to the server containing the entity's action type (stand, walk, run), direction (north-east), and current position. This is different from how 3D first person games work. In a 3D game the velocity (direction) can change frame to frame as the player moves around. Sending every state change would effectively transmit a packet per frame, which would be too expensive. Instead, 3D games seem to ignore state changes and send "state update" packets on a fixed interval - say, every 80-150ms. Since speed and direction updates occur much less frequently in my game, I can get away with sending every state change. Although all of the physics simulations occur at the same speed and are deterministic, latency is still an issue. For that reason, I send out routine position update packets (similar to a 3D game) but much less frequently - right now every 250ms, but I suspect with good prediction I can easily boost it towards 500ms. The biggest problem is that I've now deviated from the norm - all other documentation, guides, and samples online send routine updates and interpolate between the two states. It seems incompatible with my architecture, and I need to come up with a better movement prediction algorithm that is closer to a (very basic) "networked physics" architecture. The server then receives the packet and determines the players speed from it's movement type based on a script (Is the player able to run? Get the player's running speed). Once it has the speed, it combines it with the direction to get a vector - the entity's velocity. Some cheat detection and basic validation occurs, and the entity on the server side is updated with the current velocity, direction, and position. Basic throttling is also performed to prevent players from flooding the server with movement requests. After updating its own entity, the server broadcasts an "avatar position update" packet to all other players within range. The position update packet is used to update the client side physics simulations (world state) of the remote clients and perform prediction and lag compensation. Prediction and Lag Compensation As mentioned above, clients are authoritative for their own position. Except in cases of cheating or anomalies, the client's avatar will never be repositioned by the server. No extrapolation ("move now and correct later") is required for the client's avatar - what the player sees is correct. However, some sort of extrapolation or interpolation is required for all remote entities that are moving. Some sort of prediction and/or lag-compensation is clearly required within the client's local simulation / physics engine. Problems I've been struggling with various algorithms, and have a number of questions and problems: Should I be extrapolating, interpolating, or both? My "gut feeling" is that I should be using pure extrapolation based on velocity. State change is received by the client, client computes a "predicted" velocity that compensates for lag, and the regular physics system does the rest. However, it feels at odds to all other sample code and articles - they all seem to store a number of states and perform interpolation without a physics engine. When a packet arrives, I've tried interpolating the packet's position with the packet's velocity over a fixed time period (say, 200ms). I then take the difference between the interpolated position and the current "error" position to compute a new vector and place that on the entity instead of the velocity that was sent. However, the assumption is that another packet will arrive in that time interval, and it's incredibly difficult to "guess" when the next packet will arrive - especially since they don't all arrive on fixed intervals (ie/ state changes as well). Is the concept fundamentally flawed, or is it correct but needs some fixes / adjustments? What happens when a remote player stops? I can immediately stop the entity, but it will be positioned in the "wrong" spot until it moves again. If I estimate a vector or try to interpolate, I have an issue because I don't store the previous state - the physics engine has no way to say "you need to stop after you reach position X". It simply understands a velocity, nothing more complex. I'm reluctant to add the "packet movement state" information to the entities or physics engine, since it violates basic design principles and bleeds network code across the rest of the game engine. What should happen when entities collide? There are three scenarios - the controlling player collides locally, two entities collide on the server during a position update, or a remote entity update collides on the local client. In all cases I'm uncertain how to handle the collision - aside from cheating, both states are "correct" but at different time periods. In the case of a remote entity it doesn't make sense to draw it walking through a wall, so I perform collision detection on the local client and cause it to "stop". Based on point #2 above, I might compute a "corrected vector" that continually tries to move the entity "through the wall" which will never succeed - the remote avatar is stuck there until the error gets too high and it "snaps" into position. How do games work around this?

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• Is finding graph minors without single node pinch points possible?

  - by Alturis

  Is it possible to robustly find all the graph minors within an arbitrary node graph where the pinch points are generally not single nodes? I have read some other posts on here about how to break up your graph into a Hamiltonian cycle and then from that find the graph minors but it seems to be such an algorithm would require that each "room" had "doorways" consisting of single nodes. To explain a bit more a visual aid is necessary. Lets say the nodes below are an example of the typical node graph. What I am looking for is a way to automatically find the different colored regions of the graph (or graph minors)

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• Using model tools as map editor

  - by cooky451

  I want to make a game which would require a 3D map editor. Of course, I would like to avoid creating such an editor. My idea is now to use modeling tools (3DS Max, Maya, Blender) to create the map, and to give game specific objects specified names. This way I'd just need to write an COLLADA - native map format converter. But I'm not sure if this is possible the way I imagine it, that's why I'd like to hear your thoughts on the matter. Are modeling tools suitable to create big open world maps? Can this "naming convention"-idea for game specific objects work? Are the modeling tools able to export a scene in chunks / in a way that occlusion culling and collision detection can be properly done? If not: Is there a way to build a suitable data structure from the exported data?

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• WebGL CORS error loading simple texture in Chrome

  - by mathacka

  Here's my code: function loadTexture() { textureImage = new Image(); textureImage.onload = function() { setupTexture(); } textureImage.src = "jumper2.png"; } function setupTexture() { texture = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture); gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, true); // this next line has the error: Uncaught SecurityError: An attempt was made to break through the security policy of the user agent. gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureImage); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.OES_TEXTURE_FLOAT_LINEAR, gl.NEAREST); if (!gl.isTexture(texture)) { alert("Error: Texture is invalid"); } glProgram.samplerUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, "uSampler"); gl.uniform1i(glProgram.samplerUniform, 0); } I've researched it and it is a CORS error a "Cross-origin resource sharing" error, but it's a local file! I can't figure out what's wrong. I did make the picture using gimp, and I'm not sure the coding was right on the export, but I eliminated a previous error using "gl.OES_TEXTURE_FLOAT_LINEAR".

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• Please help with bounding box/sprite collision in darkBASIC pro

  - by user1601163

  So I just recently learned BASIC and figured I would try making a clone of pong on my own in darkBASIC pro, and I made everything else work just fine except for the part that makes the ball bounce off the paddle. And yes I'm aware that the game is not yet finished. The error is on lines 39-51 EVERYTHING IS 2D. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Project: Pong // Created: Friday, August 31, 2012 // Code: Brandon Spaulding // Art: Brandon Spaulding // Made in CIS lab at CPAVTS // Pong art and code © Brandon Spaulding 2012-2013 // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// y=150 x=0 ay=150 ax=612 ballx=300 bally=200 ballx_DIR=1 bally_DIR=1 hide mouse set global collision on //objectnumber=10 //make object box objectnumber,5,150,0 do load image "media\paddle1.png",1 load image "media\paddle2.png",2 load image "media\ball.png",3 sprite 1,x,y,1 sprite 2,ax,ay,2 sprite 3,ballx,bally,3 if upkey()=1 then y = y - 4 if downkey()=1 then y = y + 4 //num_1 = sprite collision(1,0) //num_2 = sprite collision(2,0) num_3 = sprite collision(3,0) for t=1 to 2 //ball&paddle collision if num_3 > 0 if bally_DIR=1 bally_DIR=0 else bally_DIR=1 endif if ballx_DIR=0 ballx_DIR=1 else ballx_DIR=0 endif endif //if bally > 1 and bally < 500 then bally=bally + 2.5 if bally_DIR=1 bally=bally-2.5 if bally<-2.5 bally_DIR=0 endif else bally=bally+2.5 if bally>452.5 bally_DIR=1 endif endif if ballx_DIR=1 ballx=ballx-2.5 if ballx<-2.5 ballx_DIR=0 endif else ballx=ballx+2.5 if ballx>612 ballx_DIR=1 endif endif //bally = bally + t //if bally < 600 or bally > 1 then bally = bally - 2.5 //if ballx < 400 or ballx > 1 then ballx = ballx + 2.5 //move sprite 3,1 next t if escapekey()=1 then exit loop end Thank you in advance for the help.

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