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• cocos2d-x - object creation and management in game design

  - by Jason

  How do others keep track of everything going on in their games? I am working on a new game and I am quickly realizing everything that I need to keep track of. Example: Maybe a layerManager that keeps track of all the layers and what is happening for a particular scene. Maybe a sceneManager for sharing objects among scenes But then getting to game play itself, what if you have 100 objects on the screen each with its own state and happenings, there needs tobe a way to keep track of all of that. Drawing everything out is really helping me. Can anyone share with me how they go about object tracking/management? I am seeing a few different managers and then maybe even a parent object that manages the managers..is my thinking way off? Any design patterns that may be useful for me to read about? Update: doing some reading and maybe a Factory pattern might apply.

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• Why is concept art not signed by the author?

  - by Gerald

  I am a starting concept artist who would like to enter the gaming industry. I noticed that some AAA titles show their concept art with no artists signature (only a reference to game the game, such as for Star Wars The Old Republic: 2013 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BioWare, LucasArts). I asked myself a question, what possible harm could my autograph cause on the public concept art if I am not a well known concept artist such as Adam Adamowicz (who did concepts for Skyrim). Why would a prospective boss tells me not to leave my "finger print" on the picture despite, the fact that I am a very talented artist?

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• Powder games: how do they work?

  - by Marc Müller

  Hey guys, I recently found these two gems: http://powdertoy.co.uk/ http://dan-ball.jp/en/javagame/dust/ My question is: How are the physics with so many elements efficiently handled? Am I just severely underestimating modern computing power or is it possible to 'just' have a two-dimensional array, each cell of which describes what is placed at the according position and simulate each cell in every step. Or are there more complex things being done like summarising large areas of the same kind into a single data set and separating said set as needed? Are there any open-source games like this I could look at?

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• 2.5D action RPG game

  - by Phorden

  I want to make a 2.5D action RPG game in the next say five years. I need to learn a language first and I have started with C#. I haven't gotten too far into learning it and I would like advice on the best way to approach making a game like this in the long run. Work with XNA studios or stop and learn C++ and UDK? Or maybe there is another good way to approach this. I want to learn programming, so just using a visual editor without learning to code is not the way I want to go. I also don't want to write my game engine from scratch. I'm all ears for advice.

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• Heightmap in Shader not working

  - by CSharkVisibleBasix

  I'm trying to implement GPU based geometry clipmapping and have problems to apply a simple heightmap to my terrain. For the heightmap I use a simple texture with the surface format "single". I've taken the texture from here. To apply it to my terrain, I use the following shader code: texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; Vertex Shader: float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; The complete vertex shader (also containig clipmapping transforms) looks like this: float4x4 View : View; float4x4 Projection : Projection; float3 CameraPos : CameraPosition; float LODscale; //The LOD ring index 0:highest x:lowest float2 Position; //The position of the part in the world texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; //Accept only float2 because we extract 3rd dim out of Heightmap float4 wireframe_VS(float2 pos : POSITION) : POSITION{ float4x4 worldMatrix = float4x4( LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, - Position.x * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.x, 0, Position.y * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.z, 1); float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; float4 viewPos = mul(worldPos, View); float4 projPos = mul(viewPos, Projection); return projPos; }

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• apply non-hierarchial transforms to hierarchial skeleton?

  - by user975135

  I use Blender3D, but the answer might not API-exclusive. I have some matrices I need to assign to PoseBones. The resulting pose looks fine when there is no bone hierarchy (parenting) and messed up when there is. I've uploaded an archive with sample blend of the rigged models, text animation importer and a test animation file here: http://www.2shared.com/file/5qUjmnIs/sample_files.html Import the animation by selecting an Armature and running the importer on "sba" file. Do this for both Armatures. This is how I assign the poses in the real (complex) importer: matrix_bases = ... # matrix from file animation_matrix = matrix_basis * pose.bones['mybone'].matrix.copy() pose.bones[bonename].matrix = animation_matrix If I go to edit mode, select all bones and press Alt+P to undo parenting, the Pose looks fine again. The API documentation says the PoseBone.matrix is in "object space", but it seems clear to me from these tests that they are relative to parent bones. Final 4x4 matrix after constraints and drivers are applied (object space) I tried doing something like this: matrix_basis = ... # matrix from file animation_matrix = matrix_basis * (pose.bones['mybone'].matrix.copy() * pose.bones[bonename].bone.parent.matrix_local.copy().inverted()) pose.bones[bonename].matrix = animation_matrix But it looks worse. Experimented with order of operations, no luck with all. For the record, in the old 2.4 API this worked like a charm: matrix_basis = ... # matrix from file animation_matrix = armature.bones['mybone'].matrix['ARMATURESPACE'].copy() * matrix_basis pose.bones[bonename].poseMatrix = animation_matrix pose.update() Link to Blender API ref: http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_63_17/bpy.types.BlendData.html#bpy.types.BlendData http://www.blender.org/documentation/blender_python_api_2_63_17/bpy.types.PoseBone.html#bpy.types.PoseBone

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• Sony PSM sdk and 2d Game engine

  - by Notbad

  I have started with Sony PSM sdk this week. I'm interested to create a little 2D game and have been reading through the web about a so called "2D game engine" integrated in psm. Some information I read suggested that it was going to be added on january 2012, but I have been going through the documentation and haven't been able to find any reference to it. Does anybody know if they finally introduced the 2D game engien for psm? Thanks in advance.

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• Bloom shader makes it impossible to render black?

  - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen

  I am playing around with the bloom shader from the XNA sample page, to do some glow shading. I am rendering primitive vector-ish squares of linelists/linestrips, on a background. However, I am facing a few problems. With a black background and white squares, I can actually see the squares. However, with a white background and black squares, I can't see them at all. Why is this happening, and is there any way of me fixing it? Can I modify my bloom shader to also "glow" dark elements, if that's what is causing it?

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• Is HTML5/WebGL performance unreliable on low-end Android tablets and phones?

  - by Boris van Schooten

  I've developed a couple of WebGL games, and am trying them out on Android. I found that they run very slowly on my tablet, however. For example, a game with 10 sprites or so runs as 5fps. I tried Chrome and CocoonJS, but they are comparably slow. I also tried other games, and even games with only 5 or so moving sprites are this slow. This seems inconsistent with reports from others, such as this benchmark. Typically, when people talk about HTML5 game performance, they mention well-known and higher-end phones and tables. While my 7" tablet is cheap (I believe it's a relabeled Allwinner tablet, apparently with the Mali 400 GPU), I found it generally has a good gaming performance. All the games I tried run smoothly. I also developed an OpenGL ES 2 demo with 200 shaded 3D objects, and it ran at 50fps. My suspicion is that many low-end and white-label devices may have unacceptable HTML5/WebGL support, which means there may be a large section of gamers you will not reach when you choose this as your platform. I've heard rumors about inconsistent performance of HTML5 and WebGL on different devices, but no clear picture emerges. I would like to hear if any of you have had similar experiences with HTML5 or WebGL, or whether I can find information about the percentage of devices I can expect to have decent performance.

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• Algorithm for approximating sihlouette image as polygon

  - by jack

  I want to be able to analyze a texture in real time and approximate a polygon to represent a silhouette. Imagine a person standing in front of a green screen and I want to approximately trace around their outline and get a 2D polygon as the result. Are there algorithms to do this and are they fast enough to work frame-to-frame in a game? (I have found algorithms to triangulate polygons, but I am having trouble knowing what to search for that describes my goal.)

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• Implementing 2D CSG (for collision shapes)?

  - by bluescrn

  Are there any simple (or well documented) algorithms for basic CSG operations on 2D polygons? I'm looking for a way to 'add' a number of overlapping 2D collision shapes. These may be convex or concave, but will be closed shapes, defined as a set of line segments, with no self-intersections. The use of this would be to construct a clean set of collision edges, for use with a 2D physics engine, from a scene consisting of many arbitrarily placed (and frequently overlapping) objects, each with their own collision shape. To begin with, I only need to 'add' shapes, but the ability to 'subtract', to create holes, may also be useful.

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• What math should all game programmers know?

  - by Tetrad

  Simple enough question: What math should all game programmers have a firm grasp of in order to be successful? I'm not specifically talking about rendering math or anything in the niche areas of game programming, more specifically just things that even game programmers should know about, and if they don't they'll probably find it useful. Note: as there is no one correct answer, this question (and its answers) is a community wiki. Also, if you would like fancy latex math equations, feel free to use http://mathurl.com/.

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• Problem with drawing textures in OpenGL ES

  - by droidmachine

  I'm developing a 2D game for Android and i'm using the framework which has been told in the book which named Beginning Android Games by Mario Zechner.So my framework is well designed and using OpenGL 1.1.It's similar to libgdx. When i put my textures adjacent each other in my 2d surface,there are some spaces size as 1 px.But this problem only occur on my tablet.There aren't a problem like this on my phone.It's like in this picture: What can be the problem?I can't fix it from one week.

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• How to position a sprite in a 2D animation skeleton?

  - by Paul Manta

  Given two joints that define a bone, I would like to know how to decide where, between those two joints, I should draw the sprite. This should be a fairly simple thing to solve, but there is one thing that I am not sure about. After I've determined the rotation of the sprite (which is the absolute angle the joints form with the x-axis), I also need to determine the origin point from where I need to start drawing the transformed image. So how should I position the sprite between the two joints? Should I make the center of the image be the midpoint between the two joints, or should I make one the of the joints be the origin? Do these things matter that much (could the wrong positioning make the sprite move oddly during the animation)?

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• How to make rigid bodies collide with Apex Clothing in PhysX for Maya

  - by b1nary.atr0phy

  According to the [Apex] Clothing Overview section of the documentation: Colliding with Rigid Bodies Rigid bodies present in your scene will push clothing around roughly as you might expect. Well, I beg to differ. The Apex Cloth collides with the floor just fine, but that's about the only thing it collides with (unless I add ragdoll to the same skeleton that the cloth is attached to.) So for example, if I try to bounce a ball (dynamic rigid body) into the cloth, it simply bounces through it. If I try to walk an actor with ragdoll through it, he simply clips through it as well. Anyone have any insight on this?

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• Project collision shapes to plane for 2.5D collision detection

  - by Jkh2

  I am working on a top down 2.5D game. In the game anything that overlaps on the screen should be 'colliding' with each other regardless of whether they are on the same plane in the 3D world. This is illustrated below from a side-ways view: The orange and green circles are spheres floating in the 3D world. They are projected onto a plane parallel to the viewport plane (y = 0 in the image) and if they overlap there is a collision event between them. These spheres are attached to other meshes to represent the sphere bounding boxes for collisions. The way I plan to implement this at the moment is the following: Get the 3D world position at the center of the sphere. Use Camera.WorldToViewportPoint to project the point to the viewport plane. Move a Sphere Collider with the radius of the sphere to that point. Test for collisions using unity colliders. My question is how to extend this to work for rotated cuboids. For instance if I have two rotated cuboids, if I follow the logic above it would not work as intended as the cuboids may not collide but they could still be intersected on the view plane. An example is below: Is there a way to project a cuboid that would be aligned with the plane? Would it be a valid cuboid for all rotations if I did this?

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• Good Video Game User Interface Design Books/Websites?

  - by Tucker Morgan

  I having been programming games for some time, but while my teachers say that my code is good and advanced, my friends say that the interface is hard to understand and not the easiest to navigate. I want to learn how to design good user interfaces so that I can program better games, and people will have a easier time getting around. Does anyone know of any good books or websites about designing video game interfaces?

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• File format for animated scene

  - by stephelton

  I've got a custom OpenGL based rendering engine and I'd like to add support for cinema-type scene animation. The artist that is helping me uses primarily 3DSMax. I'd like a file format for exporting and importing this data. I'm also in need of a file format for skeletal animation data, which may have an impact here. I've been looking at MAXScript to manually export this stuff, which would buy me the most flexibility, but I have virtually no experience with 3DSMax itself, so I get a little lost when it comes to terminology. So I'd like to know what file formats exist for animated scene data, and whether they are appropriate for my use (my fear is that they will be way too broad for my fairly simple needs.) The way I view animated scene data is basically a bunch of references to [animated] models with keyframe-based matrices describing their orientation over time. And probably some special camera stuff to handle perspective. I might also want some event type stuff for adding/removing objects. Is this a sane concept?

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• Flip rotation matrix

  - by azer89

  right now i'm doing character control with kinect. Basically i need to mirror the joint orientation because the character faces the player. Somehow by googling through internet i've done it and everything works very well. But i have little idea about how the math works, here's my code: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ogre::Quaternion JointOrientationCalculator::buildQuaternion(Ogre::Vector3 xAxis, Ogre::Vector3 yAxis, Ogre::Vector3 zAxis) { Ogre::Matrix3 mat; if(isMirror) { mat = Ogre::Matrix3(xAxis.x, yAxis.x, zAxis.x, xAxis.y, yAxis.y, zAxis.y, xAxis.z, yAxis.z, zAxis.z); Ogre::Matrix3 flipMat(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1); mat = flipMat * mat * flipMat; } else { mat = Ogre::Matrix3(xAxis.x, -yAxis.x, zAxis.x, -xAxis.y, yAxis.y, -zAxis.y, xAxis.z, -yAxis.z, zAxis.z); } Ogre::Quaternion q; q.FromRotationMatrix(mat); return q; } when i need to mirror/flip it by axes z i calculate mat = flipMat * mat * flipMat; but i don't understand how this equation works.

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• How do I handle specific tile/object collisions?

  - by Thomas William Cannady

  What do I do after the bounding box test against a tile to determine whether there is a real collision against the contents of that tile? And if there is, how should I move the object in response to that collision? I have a small object, and test for collisions against the tiles that each corner of it is on. Here's my current code, which I run for each of those (up to) four tiles: // get the bounding box of the object, in world space objectBounds = object->bounds + object->position; if ( (objectBounds.right >= tileBounds.left) && (objectBounds.left <= tileBounds.right) && (objectBounds.top >= tileBounds.bottom) && (objectBounds.bottom <= tileBounds.top)) { // perform specific test to see if it's a left, top , bottom // or right collision. If so, I check to see the nature of it // and where I need to place the object to respond to that collision... // [THIS IS THE PART THAT NEEDS WORK] // if( lastkey==keydown[right] && ((objectBounds.right >= tileBounds.left) && (objectBounds.right <= tileBounds.right) && (objectBounds.bottom >= tileBounds.bottom) && (objectBounds.bottom <= tileBounds.top)) ) { object->position.x = tileBounds.left - objectBounds.width; } // etc.

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• Flash AS3 sidescrolling tiles optimization

  - by Galvanize

  I'm trying to make a sidescrolling game in Flash that will run on a low performance laptop. While studying the subject from Tonypa I saw that he builds a Bitmap by making copys of the BitmapData of each tile from the Tile Sheet and placing it on the bigger Bitmat with the size of the screen. But when I came to think on how to scroll my map I ran into some optimization doubts. I came up with two choices: Create a MovieClip, place a Bitmap instance for each tile that is shown on the screen + 1 row in it, then move them all. Then when the tile ran off the screen I would move it to end of the MovieClip and replace their BitmapData for the next row in my map. Use a Bitmap with copys of each tile in it (as shown in Tonypa's tutorial) but 1 extra row, move the whole Bitmap, and when it comes the time to replace rows, redraw the whole Bitmap and move it back to the origin position. The first idea is how a co-worker of mine suggested, the second one is my own, but none of us has enough technical knowledge to be sure on a technique that would be optimal in performance, can anyone help?

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• Stage3D: Camera pans the whole screen

  - by Thomas Versteeg

  I am trying to create a 2D Stage3D game where you can move the camera around the level in an RTS style. I thought about using Orthographic Matrix3D functions for this but when I try to scroll the whole "stage" also scrolls. This is the Camera code: public function Camera2D(width:int, height:int, zoom:Number = 1) { resize(width, height); _zoom = zoom; } public function resize(width:Number, height:Number):void { _width = width; _height = height; _projectionMatrix = makeMatrix(0, width, 0, height); _recalculate = true; } protected function makeMatrix(left:Number, right:Number, top:Number, bottom:Number, zNear:Number = 0, zFar:Number = 1):Matrix3D { return new Matrix3D(Vector.<Number>([ 2 / (right - left), 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 / (top - bottom), 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 / (zFar - zNear), 0, 0, 0, zNear / (zNear - zFar), 1 ])); } public function get viewMatrix():Matrix3D { if (_recalculate) { _recalculate = false; _viewMatrix.identity(); _viewMatrix.appendTranslation( -_width / 2 - _x, -_height / 2 - y, 0); _viewMatrix.appendScale(_zoom, _zoom, 1); _renderMatrix.identity(); _renderMatrix.append(_viewMatrix); _renderMatrix.append(_projectionMatrix); } return _renderMatrix; } And the camera is send directly to the GPU with: c3d.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix(Context3DProgramType.VERTEX, 0, cameraMatrix, true); And these are the shaders: ------Vertex Shader------ m44 op, va0, vc0 mov v0, va1.xy mov v0.z, va0.z ------Fragment Shader------ tex ft0, v0, fs0 <2d,linear,nomip> mov oc, ft1 Here is a example and here are two screenshots to show what I mean: How do I only let the inside of the stage3D scroll and not the whole stage?

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• Warp GameObject Size When Entering/Leaving Area

  - by Julian

  Below I have an image describing the desired functionality I am going for. Let's say you control a square and when you move this square into a given area, any part of your rigidbody/model inside of the area will be magnified upon entering and shrunk upon leaving. So now you more or less are made up of two rectangles, one small and one large. What would be an elegant approach towards achieving this effect?

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• Problems with texture orientation in space

  - by frankie

  I am currently drawing texture in 3D space and have some problems with it's orientation. I'd like me textures always to be oriented with front face to user. My desirable result looks like Note, that text size stay without changes when we rotating world and stay oriented with front face to user. Now I can draw text in 3D space, but it is not oriented with front but rotating with world. Such results I got with following shaders: Vertex Shader uniform vec3 Position; void main() { gl_Position = vec4(Position, 1.0); } Geometry Shader layout(points) in; layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices = 4) out; out vec2 fsTextureCoordinates; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 modelViewMatrix; uniform sampler2D og_texture0; uniform float og_highResolutionSnapScale; uniform vec2 u_originScale; void main() { vec2 halfSize = vec2(textureSize(og_texture0, 0)) * 0.5 * og_highResolutionSnapScale; vec4 center = gl_in[0].gl_Position; center.xy += (u_originScale * halfSize); vec4 v0 = vec4(center.xy - halfSize, center.z, 1.0); vec4 v1 = vec4(center.xy + vec2(halfSize.x, -halfSize.y), center.z, 1.0); vec4 v2 = vec4(center.xy + vec2(-halfSize.x, halfSize.y), center.z, 1.0); vec4 v3 = vec4(center.xy + halfSize, center.z, 1.0); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v0; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(0.0, 0.0); EmitVertex(); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v1; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(1.0, 0.0); EmitVertex(); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v2; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(0.0, 1.0); EmitVertex(); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v3; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(1.0, 1.0); EmitVertex(); } Fragment Shader in vec2 fsTextureCoordinates; out vec4 fragmentColor; uniform sampler2D og_texture0; uniform vec3 u_color; void main() { vec4 color = texture(og_texture0, fsTextureCoordinates); if (color.a == 0.0) { discard; } fragmentColor = vec4(color.rgb * u_color.rgb, color.a); } Any ideas how to get my desirable result? EDIT 1: I make edit in my geometry shader and got part of lable drawn on screen at corner. But it is not rotating. .......... vec4 centerProjected = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * center; centerProjected /= centerProjected.w; vec4 v0 = vec4(centerProjected.xy - halfSize, 0.0, 1.0); vec4 v1 = vec4(centerProjected.xy + vec2(halfSize.x, -halfSize.y), 0.0, 1.0); vec4 v2 = vec4(centerProjected.xy + vec2(-halfSize.x, halfSize.y), 0.0, 1.0); vec4 v3 = vec4(centerProjected.xy + halfSize, 0.0, 1.0); gl_Position = og_viewportOrthographicMatrix * v0; ..........

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• How to get quality sprite sheet generation with rotations

  - by BenMaddox

  I'm working on a game that uses sprite sheets with rotation for animations. While the effect is pretty good, the quality of the rotations is somewhat lacking. I exported a flash animation to png sequence and then used a C# app to do matrix based rotations (System.Drawing.Drawing2D.Matrix). Unfortunately, there are several places where the image gets clipped. What would you suggest for a way to get high quality rotations from either flash or the exported PNGs? A circle should fit within the same image boundaries. I don't mind a new program that I must write or an existing program I must download/buy.

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