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  • Estimating the boundary of arbitrarily distributed data

    - by Dave
    I have two dimensional discrete spatial data. I would like to make an approximation of the spatial boundaries of this data so that I can produce a plot with another dataset on top of it. Ideally, this would be an ordered set of (x,y) points that matplotlib can plot with the plt.Polygon() patch. My initial attempt is very inelegant: I place a fine grid over the data, and where data is found in a cell, a square matplotlib patch is created of that cell. The resolution of the boundary thus depends on the sampling frequency of the grid. Here is an example, where the grey region are the cells containing data, black where no data exists. OK, problem solved - why am I still here? Well.... I'd like a more "elegant" solution, or at least one that is faster (ie. I don't want to get on with "real" work, I'd like to have some fun with this!). The best way I can think of is a ray-tracing approach - eg: from xmin to xmax, at y=ymin, check if data boundary crossed in intervals dx y=ymin+dy, do 1 do 1-2, but now sample in y An alternative is defining a centre, and sampling in r-theta space - ie radial spokes in dtheta increments. Both would produce a set of (x,y) points, but then how do I order/link neighbouring points them to create the boundary? A nearest neighbour approach is not appropriate as, for example (to borrow from Geography), an isthmus (think of Panama connecting N&S America) could then close off and isolate regions. This also might not deal very well with the holes seen in the data, which I would like to represent as a different plt.Polygon. The solution perhaps comes from solving an area maximisation problem. For a set of points defining the data limits, what is the maximum contiguous area contained within those points To form the enclosed area, what are the neighbouring points for the nth point? How will the holes be treated in this scheme - is this erring into topology now? Apologies, much of this is me thinking out loud. I'd be grateful for some hints, suggestions or solutions. I suspect this is an oft-studied problem with many solution techniques, but I'm looking for something simple to code and quick to run... I guess everyone is, really! Cheers, David

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  • Setting up repoze.who with make_redirecting_plugin

    - by Timmy
    my file is: [plugin:form] use = repoze.who.plugins.form:make_redirecting_plugin login_form_url = /account/signin login_handler_path = /account/login logout_handler_path = /account/logout [identifiers] plugins = form;browser auth_tkt i created a form on /account/signin, but it doesnt find the identity? what has to be on the form?

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  • How can I load a sql "dump" file into sql alchemy

    - by JudoWill
    I have a large sql dump file ... with multiple CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO statements. Is there any way to load these all into a SQLAlchemy sqlite database at once. I plan to use the introspected ORM from sqlsoup after I've created the tables. However, when I use the engine.execute() method it complains: sqlite3.Warning: You can only execute one statement at a time. Is there a way to work around this issue. Perhaps splitting the file with a regexp or some kind of parser, but I don't know enough SQL to get all of the cases for the regexp. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Will EDIT: Since this seems important ... The dump file was created with a MySQL database and so it has quite a few commands/syntax that sqlite3 does not understand correctly.

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  • SQLAlchemy: a better way for update with declarative?

    - by hadrien
    I am a SQLAlchemy noob. Let's say I have an user table in declarative mode: class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'user' id = Column(u'id', Integer(), primary_key=True) name = Column(u'name', String(50)) When I know user's id without object loaded into session, I update such user like this: ex = update(User.__table__).where(User.id==123).values(name=u"Bob Marley") Session.execute(ex) I dislike using User.__table__, should I stop worrying with that? Is there a better way to do this? Thanx!

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  • What can I use the Google App Engine for?

    - by Sergio Boombastic
    This question possibly doesn't belong here. We'll see how the answers pan out, if this doesn't belong here please move it to where it belongs. I'm following the getting started guide for Google App Engine, and I'm seeing what it can and can't do. Basically, I'm seeing it's very similar to an MVC pattern. You create your model, then create a View that uses that Model to display information. Not only that, but it uses a controller of some kind in this fashion: application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [('/', MainPage)], debug=True) My question is, why would you use this Google App Engine if it's the same as using a number of other MVC frameworks? Is the only benefit you gain the load balancing being handled by Google automagically? What is a good example of something you would need the App Engine for? I'm trying to learn, so thanks for the discussion.

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  • How to catch YouTube embed code and turn into URL

    - by Jonathan Vanasco
    I need to strip YouTube embed codes down to their URL only. This is the exact opposite of all but one question on StackOverflow. Most people want to turn the URL into an embed code. This question addresses the usage patttern I want, but is tied to a specific embed code's regex ( Strip YouTube Embed Code Down to URL Only ) I'm not familiar with how YouTube has offered embeds over the years - or how the sizes differ. According to their current site, there are 2 possible embed templates and a variety of options. If that's it, I can handle a regex myself -- but I was hoping someone had more knowledge they could share, so I could write a proper regex pattern that matches them all and not run into endless edge-cases. The full use case scenario : user enters content in web based wysiwig editor backend cleans out youtube & other embed codes; reformats approved embeds into an internal format as the text is all converted to markdown. on display, appropriate current template/code display for youtube or other 3rd party site is generated At a previous company, our tech-team devised a plan where YouTube videos were embedded by listing the URL only. That worked great , but it was in a CMS where everyone was trained. I'm trying to create a similar storage, but for user-generated-content.

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  • How to save and load an array of complex numbers using numpy.savetxt?

    - by ptomato
    I want to use numpy.savetxt() to save an array of complex numbers to a text file. Problems: If you save the complex array with the default format string, the imaginary part is discarded. If you use fmt='%s', then numpy.loadtxt() can't load it unless you specify dtype=complex, converters={0: lambda s: complex(s)}. Even then, if there are NaN's in the array, loading still fails. It looks like someone has inquired about this multiple times on the Numpy mailing list and even filed a bug, but has not gotten a response. Before I put something together myself, is there a canonical way to do this?

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  • cx_Oracle and output variables

    - by Tim
    I'm trying to do this again an Oracle 10 database: cursor = connection.cursor() lOutput = cursor.var(cx_Oracle.STRING) cursor.execute(""" BEGIN %(out)s := 'N'; END;""", {'out' : lOutput}) print lOutput.value but I'm getting DatabaseError: ORA-01036: illegal variable name/number Is it possible to define PL/SQL blocks in cx_Oracle this way?

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  • sqlite3 'database is locked' won't go away with retries

    - by Azarias
    I have a sqlite3 database that is accessed by a few threads (3-4). I am aware of the general limitations of sqlite3 with regards to concurrency as stated http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q6 , but I am convinced that is not the problem. All of the threads both read and write from this database. Whenever I do a write, I have the following construct: try: Cursor.execute(q, params) Connection.commit() except sqlite3.IntegrityError: Notify except sqlite3.OperationalError: print sys.exc_info() print("DATABASE LOCKED; sleeping for 3 seconds and trying again") time.sleep(3) Retry On some runs, I won't even hit this block, but when I do, it never comes out of it (keeps retrying, but I keep getting the 'database is locked' error from exc_info. If I understand the reader/writer lock usage correctly, some amount of waiting should help with the contention. What this sounds like is deadlock, but I do not use any transactions in my code, and every SELECT or INSERT is simply a one off. Some threads, however, keep the same connection when they do their operation (which includes a mix of SELECTS and INSERTS and other modifiers). I would appericiate it if you could shade a light on this, and also ways around fixing it (besides using a different database engine.)

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  • Efficiently generate a 16-character, alphanumeric string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for a very quick way to generate an alphanumeric unique id for a primary key in a table. Would something like this work? def genKey(): hash = hashlib.md5(RANDOM_NUMBER).digest().encode("base64") alnum_hash = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', "", hash) return alnum_hash[:16] What would be a good way to generate random numbers? If I base it on microtime, I have to account for the possibility of several calls of genKey() at the same time from different instances. Or is there a better way to do all this? Thanks.

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  • SQLAlchemy Expression Language problem

    - by Torkel
    I'm trying to convert this to something sqlalchemy expression language compatible, I don't know if it's possible out of box and are hoping someone more experienced can help me along. The backend is PostgreSQL and if I can't make it as an expression I'll create a string instead. SELECT DISTINCT date_trunc('month', x.x) as date, COALESCE(b.res1, 0) AS res1, COALESCE(b.res2, 0) AS res2 FROM generate_series( date_trunc('year', now() - interval '1 years'), date_trunc('year', now() + interval '1 years'), interval '1 months' ) AS x LEFT OUTER JOIN( SELECT date_trunc('month', access_datetime) AS when, count(NULLIF(resource_id != 1, TRUE)) AS res1, count(NULLIF(resource_id != 2, TRUE)) AS res2 FROM tracking_entries GROUP BY date_trunc('month', access_datetime) ) AS b ON (date_trunc('month', x.x) = b.when) First of all I got a class TrackingEntry mapped to tracking_entries, the select statement within the outer joined can be converted to something like (pseudocode):: from sqlalchemy.sql import func, select from datetime import datetime, timedelta stmt = select([ func.date_trunc('month', TrackingEntry.resource_id).label('when'), func.count(func.nullif(TrackingEntry.resource_id != 1, True)).label('res1'), func.count(func.nullif(TrackingEntry.resource_id != 2, True)).label('res2') ], group_by=[func.date_trunc('month', TrackingEntry.access_datetime), ]) Considering the outer select statement I have no idea how to build it, my guess is something like: outer = select([ func.distinct(func.date_trunc('month', ?)).label('date'), func.coalesce(?.res1, 0).label('res1'), func.coalesce(?.res2, 0).label('res2') ], from_obj=[ func.generate_series( datetime.now(), datetime.now() + timedelta(days=365), timedelta(days=1) ).label(x) ]) Then I suppose I have to link those statements together without using foreign keys: outer.outerjoin(stmt???).??(func.date_trunc('month', ?.?), ?.when) Anyone got any suggestions or even better a solution?

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  • Unit testing authorization in a Pylons app fails; cookies aren't been correctly set or recorded

    - by Ian Stevens
    I'm having an issue running unit tests for authorization in a Pylons app. It appears as though certain cookies set in the test case may not be correctly written or parsed. Cookies work fine when hitting the app with a browser. Here is my test case inside a paste-generated TestController: def test_good_login(self): r = self.app.post('/dologin', params={'login': self.user['username'], 'password': self.password}) r = r.follow() # Should only be one redirect to root assert 'http://localhost/' == r.request.url assert 'Dashboard' in r This is supposed to test that a login of an existing account forwards the user to the dashboard page. Instead, what happens is that the user is redirected back to the login. The first POST works, sets the user in the session and returns cookies. Although those cookies are sent in the follow request, they don't seem to be correctly parsed. I start by setting a breakpoint at the beginning of the above method and see what the login response returns: > nosetests --pdb --pdb-failure -s foo.tests.functional.test_account:TestMainController.test_good_login Running setup_config() from foo.websetup > /Users/istevens/dev/foo/foo/tests/functional/test_account.py(33)test_good_login() -> r = self.app.post('/dologin', params={'login': self.user['username'], 'password': self.password}) (Pdb) n > /Users/istevens/dev/foo/foo/tests/functional/test_account.py(34)test_good_login() -> r = r.follow() # Should only be one redirect to root (Pdb) p r.cookies_set {'auth_tkt': '"4c898eb72f7ad38551eb11e1936303374bd871934bd871833d19ad8a79000000!"'} (Pdb) p r.request.environ['REMOTE_USER'] '4bd871833d19ad8a79000000' (Pdb) p r.headers['Location'] 'http://localhost/?__logins=0' A session appears to be created and a cookie sent back. The browser is redirected to the root, not the login, which also indicates a successful login. If I step past the follow(), I get: > /Users/istevens/dev/foo/foo/tests/functional/test_account.py(35)test_good_login() -> assert 'http://localhost/' == r.request.url (Pdb) p r.request.headers {'Host': 'localhost:80', 'Cookie': 'auth_tkt=""\\"4c898eb72f7ad38551eb11e1936303374bd871934bd871833d19ad8a79000000!\\"""; '} (Pdb) p r.request.environ['REMOTE_USER'] *** KeyError: KeyError('REMOTE_USER',) (Pdb) p r.request.environ['HTTP_COOKIE'] 'auth_tkt=""\\"4c898eb72f7ad38551eb11e1936303374bd871934bd871833d19ad8a79000000!\\"""; ' (Pdb) p r.request.cookies {'auth_tkt': ''} (Pdb) p r <302 Found text/html location: http://localhost/login?__logins=1&came_from=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%2F body='302 Found...y. '/149> This indicates to me that the cookie was passed in on the request, although with dubious escaping. The environ appears to be without the session created on the prior request. The cookie has been copied to the environ from the headers, but the cookies in the request seems incorrectly set. Lastly, the user is redirected to the login page, indicating that the user isn't logged in. Authorization in the app is done via repoze.who and repoze.who.plugins.ldap with repoze.who_friendlyform performing the challenge. I'm using the stock tests.TestController created by paste: class TestController(TestCase): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if pylons.test.pylonsapp: wsgiapp = pylons.test.pylonsapp else: wsgiapp = loadapp('config:%s' % config['__file__']) self.app = TestApp(wsgiapp) url._push_object(URLGenerator(config['routes.map'], environ)) TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) That's a webtest.TestApp, by the way. The encoding of the cookie is done in webtest.TestApp using Cookie: >>> from Cookie import _quote >>> _quote('"84533cf9f661f97239208fb844a09a6d4bd8552d4bd8550c3d19ad8339000000!"') '"\\"84533cf9f661f97239208fb844a09a6d4bd8552d4bd8550c3d19ad8339000000!\\""' I trust that that's correct. My guess is that something on the response side is incorrectly parsing the cookie data into cookies in the server-side request. But what? Any ideas?

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  • Assigning a material in Blender with a script

    - by Narcolapser
    Question: How do you assign a material with a script to an object in blender? Info: I have this script to import a proprietary model type of mine that is basically a star map with object consisting of a single vertex. in order to make them look like stars and be visible they are all going to have a halo material assigned to them. I'm figuring out how to make this material and give it the values just fine, but I can't seem to get it to assign. I tried the most obvious thing which was: objectName.setMaterial(materialName) but that did nothing. and when i would take an object that had a material and call the getMaterial function on it, it would return nothing. there is something I'm missing here, can some one shed some light on it? Thanks. ~TA

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  • Need a workaround to filter on related model and aggregated fields in Django

    - by parxier
    I opened a ticket for this problem. In a nutshell here is my model: class Plan(models.Model): cap = models.IntegerField() class Phone(models.Model): plan = models.ForeignKey(Plan, related_name='phones') class Call(models.Model): phone = models.ForeignKey(Phone, related_name='calls') cost = models.IntegerField() I want to run a query like this one: Phone.objects.annotate(total_cost=Sum('calls__cost')).filter(total_cost__gte=0.5*F('plan__cap')) Unfortunately Django generates bad SQL: SELECT "app_phone"."id", "app_phone"."plan_id", SUM("app_call"."cost") AS "total_cost" FROM "app_phone" INNER JOIN "app_plan" ON ("app_phone"."plan_id" = "app_plan"."id") LEFT OUTER JOIN "app_call" ON ("app_phone"."id" = "app_call"."phone_id") GROUP BY "app_phone"."id", "app_phone"."plan_id" HAVING SUM("app_call"."cost") >= 0.5 * "app_plan"."cap" and errors with: ProgrammingError: column "app_plan.cap" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function LINE 1: ...."plan_id" HAVING SUM("app_call"."cost") >= 0.5 * "app_plan".... Is there any workaround apart from running raw SQL?

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  • In plain English, what are Django generic views?

    - by allyourcode
    The first two paragraphs of this page explain that generic views are supposed to make my life easier, less monotonous, and make me more attractive to women (I made up that last one): http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/generic-views/#topics-generic-views I'm all for improving my life, but what do generic views actually do? It seems like lots of buzzwords are being thrown around, which confuse more than they explain. Are generic views similar to scaffolding in Ruby on Rails? The last bullet point in the intro seems to indicate this. Is that an accurate statement?

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  • Error while exiting cherrypy server

    - by Vijayendra Bapte
    Guys, I am getting following error while exiting cherrypy server. What is this error about? 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Error in atexit._run_exitfuncs: 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Traceback (most recent call last): 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "atexit.pyc", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 1486, in shutdown 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 746, in flush 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING IOError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Error in sys.exitfunc: 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Traceback (most recent call last): 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "atexit.pyc", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 1486, in shutdown 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 746, in flush 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING IOError 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING : 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING

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  • Qt/PyQt dialog with togglable fullscreen mode - problem on Windows

    - by Guard
    I have a dialog created in PyQt. It's purpose and functionality don't matter. The init is: class MyDialog(QWidget, ui_module.Ui_Dialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MyDialog, self).__init__(parent) self.setupUi(self) self.installEventFilter(self) self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Dialog | Qt.WindowTitleHint) self.showMaximized() Then I have event filtering method: def eventFilter(self, obj, event): if event.type() == QEvent.KeyPress: key = event.key() if key == Qt.Key_F11: if self.isFullScreen(): self.setWindowFlags(self._flags) if self._state == 'm': self.showMaximized() else: self.showNormal() self.setGeometry(self._geometry) else: self._state = 'm' if self.isMaximized() else 'n' self._flags = self.windowFlags() self._geometry = self.geometry() self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Tool | Qt.FramelessWindowHint) self.showFullScreen() return True elif key == Qt.Key_Escape: self.close() return QWidget.eventFilter(self, obj, event) As can be seen, Esc is used for dialog hiding, and F11 is used for toggling full-screen. In addition, if the user changed the dialog mode from the initial maximized to normal and possibly moved the dialog, it's state and position are restored after exiting the full-screen. Finally, the dialog is created on the MainWindow action triggered: d = MyDialog(self) d.show() It works fine on Linux (Ubuntu Lucid), but quite strange on Windows 7: if I go to the full-screen from the maximized mode, I can't exit full-screen (on F11 dialog disappears and appears in full-screen mode again). If I change the dialog's mode to Normal (by double-clicking its title), then go to full-screen and then return back, the dialog is shown in the normal mode, in the correct position, but without the title line. Most probably the reason for both cases is the same - the setWindowFlags doesn't work. But why? Is it also possible that it is the bug in the recent PyQt version? On Ubuntu I have 4.6.x from apt, and on Windows - the latest installer from the riverbank site.

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  • Accessing CSR extension stack in M2Crypto

    - by Charles Duffy
    Howdy! I have a certificate signing request with an extension stack added. When building a certificate based on this request, I would like to be able to access that stack to use in creating the final certificate. However, while M2Crypto.X509.X509 has a number of helpers for accessing extensions (get_ext, get_ext_at and the like), M2Crypto.X509.Request appears to provide only a member for adding extensions, but no way to inspect the extensions already associated with a given object. Am I missing something here?

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  • Application closes on Nokia E71 when using urllib.urlopen

    - by sammr
    Hello, Im running the following code on my Nokia E71. But after the text input, the program closes abruptly. I have a GPRS connection on my phone,but i still seem to be having some problem with urllib.urlopen The code is as follows : import appuifw,urllib amountInDollars = appuifw.query(u"Enter amount in Dollars","text") data=urllib.urlopen("http://www.google.com").read() appuifw.note(u"Hey","info") Any way to fix this problem ? Thank You

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  • Iterate with binary structure over numpy array to get cell sums

    - by Curlew
    In the package scipy there is the function to define a binary structure (such as a taxicab (2,1) or a chessboard (2,2)). import numpy from scipy import ndimage a = numpy.zeros((6,6), dtype=numpy.int) a[1:5, 1:5] = 1;a[3,3] = 0 ; a[2,2] = 2 s = ndimage.generate_binary_structure(2,2) # Binary structure #.... Calculate Sum of result_array = numpy.zeros_like(a) What i want is to iterate over all cells of this array with the given structure s. Then i want to append a function to the current cell value indexed in a empty array (example function sum), which uses the values of all cells in the binary structure. For example: array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]) # The array a. The value in cell 1,2 is currently one. Given the structure s and an example function such as sum the value in the resulting array (result_array) becomes 7 (or 6 if the current cell value is excluded). Someone got an idea?

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  • Getting child elements that are related to a parent in same table

    - by Madawar
    I have the following database schema class posts(Base): __tablename__ = 'xposts' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) class Comments(Base): __tablename__ = 'comments' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) comment_parent_id=Column(Integer,unique=True) #comment_id fetches comment of a comment ie the comment_parent_id comment_id=Column(Integer,default=None) comment_text=Column(String(200)) Values in database are 1 12 NULL Hello First comment 2 NULL 12 First Sub comment I want to fetch all Comments and sub comments of a post using sqlalchemy and have this so far qry=session.query(Comments).filter(Comments.comment_parent_id!=None) print qry.count() Is there a way i can fetch the all the subcomments of a comment in a query i have tried outerjoin on the same table(comments) and it seemed stupid and it failed.

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  • any faster alternative??

    - by kaushik
    I have to read a file from a particular line number and i know the line number say "n": i have been thinking of two choice: 1)for i in range(n) fname.readline() k=readline() print k 2)i=0 for line in fname: dictionary[i]=line i=i+1 but i want to know faster alternative as i might have to perform this on different files 20000 times. is there is any other better alternatives?? thanking u

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