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  • Moving around/avoiding obstacles

    - by János Harsányi
    I would like to write a "game", where you can place an obstacle (red), and then the black dot tries to avoid it, and get to the green target. I'm using a very easy way to avoid it, if the black dot is close to the red, it changes its direction, and moves for a while, then it moves forward to the green point. How could I create a "smooth" path for the computer controlled "player"? Edit: Not the smoothness is the main point, but to avoid the red blocking "wall" and not to crash into it and then avoid it. How could I implement some path finding algorithm if I just have basically 3 points? (And what would it make the things much more complicated, if you could place multiple obstacles?)

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  • Android-Libgdx-ProGuard: Usefulness without DexGuard? [on hold]

    - by Rico Pablo Mince
    So I'm developing a game for Android - using LibGDX - and noticed that the Android SDK (HDK, MDK, WhatTheHellEvarDK) has ProGuard built-in. Browsing the ProGuard page is like searching Google: you get that the idea is to sell some product (in this case, it's DexGuard). That leaves me wondering what features are left out of ProGuard that a game developer targeting Android should worry about. For instance, the ProGuard FAQs answer the question: "Does ProGuard encrypt string constants?" by saying: "No. String encryption in program code has to be perfectly reversible by definition, so it only improves the obfuscation level. It increases the footprint of the code. However, by popular demand, ProGuard's closed-source sibling for Android, DexGuard, does provide string encryption, along with more protection techniques against static and dynamic analysis." Alright. OK. But isn't "...improves the obfuscation level" EXACTLY what ProGuard is supposed to do? Are there better options that can be implemented at build-time in Eclipse using the Gradle options and Libgdx? In particular, the assets folder and res-specific folders will need some protection. The code itself doesn't cure cancer, but I'd prefer if nobody could copy/paste it with different game art and call it "IhAxEdUrGamE"....

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  • Why use 3d matrix and camera in 2D world for 2d geometric figures?

    - by Navy Seal
    I'm working in XNA on a 2d isometric world/game and I'm using DrawUserPrimitives to draw some geometric figures... I saw some tutorials about creating dynamic shadows but I didn't understood why they use a "3d" matrix to control the transformations since the figure I'm drawing is in 2d perspective. I know I'm drawing a 2d figure in 3d but I still can't understand if I really need to work with the matrix. Is there any advantage in using a 3d Matrix to control camera and view? Any reason why I can't just update my vertex's positions by using a regular method since the view is always the same... And since I want to work only with single figures, won't this cause all the geometric figures have the same transformations simultaneously? To understand better what I mean here's a video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjvsGHXaGEA&feature=player_embedded

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  • Why aren't tangent space normal maps completely blue?

    - by seahorse
    Why aren't normal maps just blue? I would think that normal maps should be predominantly blue in color because the Z component of the normal is represented by blue. Normals point out of the surface in the Z direction so we should see blue as the predominant colour since the Z component is dominant. By definition tangent space is perpendicular to the surface. At any point we should have the normal always pointing in the Z (blue direction) with no X (red direction) or Y (green direction). Thus the normal map (since it is a "normal map") should have the colour of the normals which is just blue (R = x = 0, G = y = 0, B = z = 1) with no shades in between. But normal maps are not so, and they have gradients of shades in them. Why is this so?

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  • Island Generation Library

    - by thatguy
    Can anyone recommend a tile map generator (written in Java is a plus), where one can control some land types? For example: islands, large continents, singe large continent, archipelago, etc. I've been reading through many posts on the subject, it almost seems like many are just rolling their own. Before creating my own, I'm wondering if there's already an open source implementation that I might not be finding. If not, it seems like using Perlin Noise is a popular choice. Some articles I've been reading: http://simblob.blogspot.com/2010/01/simple-map-generation.html Generate islands/continents with simplex noise https://sites.google.com/site/minecraftlandgenerator/

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  • Convert rotation from Right handed System to left handed

    - by Hector Llanos
    I have Euler angles from a right handed system that I am trying to convert to a left handed system. All the information that I have read online says that to convert it simply multiply the axis and the angle in the correct order and it should work. In other words, Z * Y * X. When I do this what I see in Maya, and in engine still do not match up. This is what I have so far: static Quaternion ConvertToRightHand(Vector3 Euler) { Quaternion x = Quaternion.AngleAxis(-Euler.x, Vector3.right); Quaternion y = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Euler.y, Vector3.up); Quaternion z = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Euler.z, Vector3.forward); return (z * y * x); } Keeping the -Euler.x helps keep the object pointing up correctly, but when I pass ( 0,0,0) to face in the -z, it faces in the +z. Help :/

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  • Unity3d vector and matrix operations

    - by brandon
    I have the following three vectors: posA: (1,2,3) normal: (0,1,0) offset: (2,3,1) I want to get the vector representing the position which is offset in the direction of the normal from posA. I know how to do this by cheating (not using matrix operations): Vector3 result = new Vector3(posA.x + normal.x*offset.x posA.y + normal.y*offset.y, posA.z + normal.z*offset.z); I know how to do this mathematically Note: [] indicates a column vector, {} indicates a row vector result = [1,2,3] + {2,3,1}*{[0,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,0]} What I don't know is which is better to use and if it's the latter how do I do this in unity? I only know of 4x4 matrices in unity. I don't like the first option because you are instantiating a new vector instead of just modifying the original. Suggestions? Note: by asking which is better, I am asking for a quantifiable reason, not just a preference.

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  • Xna Equivalent of Viewport.Unproject in a draw call as a matrix transformation

    - by Nick Crowther
    I am making a 2D sidescroller and I would like to draw my sprite to world space instead of client space so I do not have to lock it to the center of the screen and when the camera stops the sprite will walk off screen instead of being stuck at the center. In order to do this I wanted to make a transformation matrix that goes in my draw call. I have seen something like this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3570192/xna-viewport-projection-and-spritebatch I have seen Matrix.CreateOrthographic() used to go from Worldspace to client space but, how would I go about using it to go from clientspace to worldspace? I was going to try putting my returns from the viewport.unproject method I have into a scale matrix such as: blah = Matrix.CreateScale(unproject.X,unproject.Y,0); however, that doesn't seem to work correctly. Here is what I'm calling in my draw method(where X is the coordinate my camera should follow): Vector3 test = screentoworld(X, graphics); var clienttoworld = Matrix.CreateScale(test.X,test.Y, 0); animationPlayer.Draw(theSpriteBatch, new Vector2(X.X,X.Y),false,false,0,Color.White,new Vector2(1,1),clienttoworld); Here is my code in my unproject method: Vector3 screentoworld(Vector2 some, GraphicsDevice graphics): Vector2 Position =(some.X,some.Y); var project = Matrix.CreateOrthographic(5*graphicsdevice.Viewport.Width, graphicsdevice.Viewport.Height, 0, 1); var viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt( new Vector3(0, 0, -4.3f), new Vector3(X.X,X.Y,0), Vector3.Up); //I have also tried substituting (cam.Position.X,cam.Position.Y,0) in for the (0,0,-4.3f) Vector3 nearSource = new Vector3(Position, 0f); Vector3 nearPoint = graphicsdevice.Viewport.Unproject(nearSource, project, viewMatrix, Matrix.Identity); return nearPoint;

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  • OpenGL-ES: clearing the alpha of the FrameBufferObject

    - by MrDatabase
    This question is a follow-up to Texture artifacts on iPad How does one "clear the alpha of the render texture frameBufferObject"? I've searched around here, StackOverflow and various search engines but no luck. I've tried a few things... for example calling GlClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) at the beginning of my render loop... but it doesn't seem to make a difference. Any help is appreciated since I'm still new to OpenGL. Cheers! p.s. I read on SO and in Apple's documentation that GlClear should always be called at the beginning of the renderLoop. Agree? Disagree? Here's where I read this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2538662/how-does-glclear-improve-performance

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  • What is a technique for 2D ray-box intersection that is suitable for old console hardware?

    - by DJCouchyCouch
    I'm working on a Sega Genesis homebrew game (it has a 7mhz 68000 CPU). I'm looking for a way to find the intersection between a particle sprite and a background tile. Particles are represented as a point with a movement vector. Background tiles are 8 x 8 pixels, with an (X,Y) position that is always located at a multiple of 8. So, really, I need to find the intersection point for a ray-box collision; I need to find out where along the edge of the tile the ray/particle hits. I have these two hard constraints: I'm working with pixel locations (integers). Floating point is too expensive. It doesn't have to be super exact, just close enough. Multiplications, divisions, dot products, et cetera, are incredibly expensive and are to be avoided. So I'm looking for an efficient algorithm that would fit those constraints. Any ideas? I'm writing it in C, so that would work, but assembly should be good as well.

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  • Problem displaying tiles using tiled map loader with SFML

    - by user1905192
    I've been searching fruitlessly for what I did wrong for the past couple of days and I was wondering if anyone here could help me. My program loads my tile map, but then crashes with an assertion error. The program breaks at this line: spacing = atoi(tilesetElement-Attribute("spacing")); Here's my main game.cpp file. #include "stdafx.h" #include "Game.h" #include "Ball.h" #include "level.h" using namespace std; Game::Game() { gameState=NotStarted; ball.setPosition(500,500); level.LoadFromFile("meow.tmx"); } void Game::Start() { if (gameState==NotStarted) { window.create(sf::VideoMode(1024,768,320),"game"); view.reset(sf::FloatRect(0,0,1000,1000));//ball drawn at 500,500 level.SetDrawingBounds(sf::FloatRect(view.getCenter().x-view.getSize().x/2,view.getCenter().y-view.getSize().y/2,view.getSize().x, view.getSize().y)); window.setView(view); gameState=Playing; } while(gameState!=Exiting) { GameLoop(); } window.close(); } void Game::GameLoop() { sf::Event CurrentEvent; window.pollEvent(CurrentEvent); switch(gameState) { case Playing: { window.clear(sf::Color::White); window.setView(view); if (CurrentEvent.type==sf::Event::Closed) { gameState=Exiting; } if ( !ball.IsFalling() &&!ball.IsJumping() &&sf::Keyboard::isKeyPressed(sf::Keyboard::Space)) { ball.setJState(); } ball.Update(view); level.Draw(window); ball.Draw(window); window.display(); break; } } } And here's the file where the error happens: /********************************************************************* Quinn Schwab 16/08/2010 SFML Tiled Map Loader The zlib license has been used to make this software fully compatible with SFML. See http://www.sfml-dev.org/license.php This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required. 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. *********************************************************************/ #include "level.h" #include <iostream> #include "tinyxml.h" #include <fstream> int Object::GetPropertyInt(std::string name) { int i; i = atoi(properties[name].c_str()); return i; } float Object::GetPropertyFloat(std::string name) { float f; f = strtod(properties[name].c_str(), NULL); return f; } std::string Object::GetPropertyString(std::string name) { return properties[name]; } Level::Level() { //ctor } Level::~Level() { //dtor } using namespace std; bool Level::LoadFromFile(std::string filename) { TiXmlDocument levelFile(filename.c_str()); if (!levelFile.LoadFile()) { std::cout << "Loading level \"" << filename << "\" failed." << std::endl; return false; } //Map element. This is the root element for the whole file. TiXmlElement *map; map = levelFile.FirstChildElement("map"); //Set up misc map properties. width = atoi(map->Attribute("width")); height = atoi(map->Attribute("height")); tileWidth = atoi(map->Attribute("tilewidth")); tileHeight = atoi(map->Attribute("tileheight")); //Tileset stuff TiXmlElement *tilesetElement; tilesetElement = map->FirstChildElement("tileset"); firstTileID = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("firstgid")); spacing = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("spacing")); margin = atoi(tilesetElement->Attribute("margin")); //Tileset image TiXmlElement *image; image = tilesetElement->FirstChildElement("image"); std::string imagepath = image->Attribute("source"); if (!tilesetImage.loadFromFile(imagepath))//Load the tileset image { std::cout << "Failed to load tile sheet." << std::endl; return false; } tilesetImage.createMaskFromColor(sf::Color(255, 0, 255)); tilesetTexture.loadFromImage(tilesetImage); tilesetTexture.setSmooth(false); //Columns and rows (of tileset image) int columns = tilesetTexture.getSize().x / tileWidth; int rows = tilesetTexture.getSize().y / tileHeight; std::vector <sf::Rect<int> > subRects;//container of subrects (to divide the tilesheet image up) //tiles/subrects are counted from 0, left to right, top to bottom for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < columns; x++) { sf::Rect <int> rect; rect.top = y * tileHeight; rect.height = y * tileHeight + tileHeight; rect.left = x * tileWidth; rect.width = x * tileWidth + tileWidth; subRects.push_back(rect); } } //Layers TiXmlElement *layerElement; layerElement = map->FirstChildElement("layer"); while (layerElement) { Layer layer; if (layerElement->Attribute("opacity") != NULL)//check if opacity attribute exists { float opacity = strtod(layerElement->Attribute("opacity"), NULL);//convert the (string) opacity element to float layer.opacity = 255 * opacity; } else { layer.opacity = 255;//if the attribute doesnt exist, default to full opacity } //Tiles TiXmlElement *layerDataElement; layerDataElement = layerElement->FirstChildElement("data"); if (layerDataElement == NULL) { std::cout << "Bad map. No layer information found." << std::endl; } TiXmlElement *tileElement; tileElement = layerDataElement->FirstChildElement("tile"); if (tileElement == NULL) { std::cout << "Bad map. No tile information found." << std::endl; return false; } int x = 0; int y = 0; while (tileElement) { int tileGID = atoi(tileElement->Attribute("gid")); int subRectToUse = tileGID - firstTileID;//Work out the subrect ID to 'chop up' the tilesheet image. if (subRectToUse >= 0)//we only need to (and only can) create a sprite/tile if there is one to display { sf::Sprite sprite;//sprite for the tile sprite.setTexture(tilesetTexture); sprite.setTextureRect(subRects[subRectToUse]); sprite.setPosition(x * tileWidth, y * tileHeight); sprite.setColor(sf::Color(255, 255, 255, layer.opacity));//Set opacity of the tile. //add tile to layer layer.tiles.push_back(sprite); } tileElement = tileElement->NextSiblingElement("tile"); //increment x, y x++; if (x >= width)//if x has "hit" the end (right) of the map, reset it to the start (left) { x = 0; y++; if (y >= height) { y = 0; } } } layers.push_back(layer); layerElement = layerElement->NextSiblingElement("layer"); } //Objects TiXmlElement *objectGroupElement; if (map->FirstChildElement("objectgroup") != NULL)//Check that there is atleast one object layer { objectGroupElement = map->FirstChildElement("objectgroup"); while (objectGroupElement)//loop through object layers { TiXmlElement *objectElement; objectElement = objectGroupElement->FirstChildElement("object"); while (objectElement)//loop through objects { std::string objectType; if (objectElement->Attribute("type") != NULL) { objectType = objectElement->Attribute("type"); } std::string objectName; if (objectElement->Attribute("name") != NULL) { objectName = objectElement->Attribute("name"); } int x = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("x")); int y = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("y")); int width = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("width")); int height = atoi(objectElement->Attribute("height")); Object object; object.name = objectName; object.type = objectType; sf::Rect <int> objectRect; objectRect.top = y; objectRect.left = x; objectRect.height = y + height; objectRect.width = x + width; if (objectType == "solid") { solidObjects.push_back(objectRect); } object.rect = objectRect; TiXmlElement *properties; properties = objectElement->FirstChildElement("properties"); if (properties != NULL) { TiXmlElement *prop; prop = properties->FirstChildElement("property"); if (prop != NULL) { while(prop) { std::string propertyName = prop->Attribute("name"); std::string propertyValue = prop->Attribute("value"); object.properties[propertyName] = propertyValue; prop = prop->NextSiblingElement("property"); } } } objects.push_back(object); objectElement = objectElement->NextSiblingElement("object"); } objectGroupElement = objectGroupElement->NextSiblingElement("objectgroup"); } } else { std::cout << "No object layers found..." << std::endl; } return true; } Object Level::GetObject(std::string name) { for (int i = 0; i < objects.size(); i++) { if (objects[i].name == name) { return objects[i]; } } } void Level::SetDrawingBounds(sf::Rect<float> bounds) { drawingBounds = bounds; cout<<tileHeight; //Adjust the rect so that tiles are drawn just off screen, so you don't see them disappearing. drawingBounds.top -= tileHeight; drawingBounds.left -= tileWidth; drawingBounds.width += tileWidth; drawingBounds.height += tileHeight; } void Level::Draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) { for (int layer = 0; layer < layers.size(); layer++) { for (int tile = 0; tile < layers[layer].tiles.size(); tile++) { if (drawingBounds.contains(layers[layer].tiles[tile].getPosition().x, layers[layer].tiles[tile].getPosition().y)) { window.draw(layers[layer].tiles[tile]); } } } } I really hope that one of you can help me and I'm sorry if I've made any formatting issues. Thanks!

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  • Electronic circuit simulator four-way flood-filling issues

    - by AJ Weeks
    I've made an electronic circuit board simulator which has simply 3 types of tiles: wires, power sources, and inverters. Wires connect to anything they touch, other than the sides of inverters; inverters have one input side and one output side; and finally power tiles connect in a similar manner as wires. In the case of an infinite loop, caused by the output of the inverter feeding into its input, I want inverters to oscillate (quickly turn on/off). I've attempted to implement a FloodFill algorithm to spread the power throughout the grid, but seem to have gotten something wrong, as only the tiles above the power source get powered (as seen below) I've attempted to debug the program, but have had no luck thus far. My code concerning the updating of power can be seen here.

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  • libgdx game not disposing

    - by Yesh
    My game does not exit entirely even after calling dispose() method. It loads a black screen when I launch it for the second time and works well if I kill the game manually and restart it. I get an error that says buffer not allocated with newUnsafeByteBuffer or already disposed when I try to dispose off the SpriteBatch object. This is were I suspect the problem to be. But not able to fix it entirely. Please help! Here is how I have built it (I have put the sample code here just to show you guys that there are no visible loop backs in dispose function, please correct me if I'm wrong)- In game screen, public void dispose() { AssetLoader.dispose(); render.dispose(); Gdx.app.exit(); } Under class AssetLoader- public void dispose(){ Texture.dispose(); sound.dispose(); } Under game render class - public void dispose(){ spritebatch.dispose(); //throws an error when I GameScreen.dispose is called font.dispose(); shaperender.dispose(); } I believe that my spritebatch isn't disposing which is causing the black screen but I cannot find a way to dispose it off successfully. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • What method replaces GL_SELECT for box selection?

    - by Jake
    Last 2 weeks I started working on a box selection that selects shapes using GL_SELECT and I just got it working finally. When looking up resources online, there is a significant number of posts that say GL_SELECT is deprecated in OpenGL 3.0, but there is no mention of what had replace that function. I learnt OpenGL 1.2 in back in college 2 years back but checking wikipedia now, I realise we already have OpenGL 4.0 but I am unaware of what I need to do to keep myself up to date. So, in the meantime, what would be the latest preferred method for box selection? EDIT: I found http://www.khronos.org/files/opengl-quick-reference-card.pdf on page 5 this card still lists glRenderMode(GL_SELECT) as part of the OpenGL 3.2 reference.

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  • How to load with "simplegame" mode after cooking?

    - by Emran Bayati
    i got a problem after i cook my game in Frontend (udk) ! Every thing is ok during the Cook operation i mean i compiled my scripts,it's ok there's no problem in this step,and i cooked my packages it's ok too ! no problem just like last step. so before i package the whole game;i'll lunch it and see if every thing is ok ! but when i load the game it'll load whit the Unreal tournament default game type ! i mean i don't want it to load with this type ! i want it to load with the "simplegame" game type ! i need to say that i set game type to "simplegame" in the Editor from View world Properties Game Type! but still it's loading with Ut game mode when i cook the game ! I just want load my game in "Simplegame" mode after cooked. if any one can help ! plz help ! Tnx Alot Emran Bayati

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  • Java - 2d Array Tile Map Collision

    - by Corey
    How would I go about making certain tiles in my array collide with my player? Like say I want every number 2 in the array to collide. I am reading my array from a txt file if that matters and I am using the slick2d library. Here is my code if needed. public class Tiles { Image[] tiles = new Image[3]; int[][] map = new int[500][500]; Image grass, dirt, mound; SpriteSheet tileSheet; int tileWidth = 32; int tileHeight = 32; public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.txt")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); y=y+1; } //System.out.println(""); x=x+1; y = 0; } in.close(); } public void update() { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int x = 0; x < 50; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < 50; y ++) { int textureIndex = map[y][x]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } } I tried something like this, but I it doesn't ever "collide". X and y are my player position. if (tiles.map[(int)x/32][(int)y/32] == 2) { System.out.println("Collided"); }

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  • Physics in carrom like game using cocos2d + Box2D

    - by Raj
    I am working on carrom like game using cocos2d + Box2D. I set world gravity(0,0), want gravity in z-axis. I set following values for coin and striker body: Coin body (circle with radius - 15/PTM_RATIO): density = 20.0f; friction = 0.4f; restitution = 0.6f; Striker body (circle with radius - 15/PTM_RATIO): density = 25.0f; friction = 0.6f; restitution = 0.3f; Output is not smooth. When I apply ApplyLinearImpulse(force,position) the coin movement looks like floating in the air - takes too much time to stop. What values for coin and striker make it look like real carrom?

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  • Monogame - Input secuence game (Scripting?)

    - by user2662567
    I'm starting to program my very first game, it's a clone of DDR/Stepmania done for research purposes and learning. I (at this early stage) get most of the UI/Music/input work that should be done, but what i still can't grasp is scripting, i've read about Lua and that you shouldn't use it with XNA/Monogame as C# is capable enough, but i cannot get the utility of it. Assuming the needs of my game, ¿What would be the ideal way to implement the input secuences it needs?, i thought of XML/Json, let's say Stage 1 <game> <level id="1"> <step id="1" key="up" time="00:00:01"/> <step id="2" key="left" time="00:00:02"/> </level> </game> Is that a correct implementation? or are there better ways with more benefits?

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  • What version of Java should I target for applets?

    - by Christopher Horenstein
    I recently deployed an applet that seems to require Java 6 Update 24. I assume the reason for this requirement is the matching JDK version I used to create the applet (I am new to Java). The fact that my applet requires a Java download/update for users who already have some version of Java installed is a big concern for me; the applets I'm creating slip into a web comic, so it's very disruptive. Having used the most recent version of Java, it seems as though I am able to assume that most of the readers I get will have to update Java to continue reading/playing. Is there a best practice concerning which version of Java to use to make the process of using an applet easy for end-users? Any reading material on this would be very helpful. Should I be using an older version of Java if I don't require new features? I am using Slick for 2D games.

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  • Simple iOS glDrawElements - BAD_ACCESS

    - by user699215
    You can copy paste this into the default OpenGl template created in Xcode. Why am I not seeing anything :-) It is strange as the glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); is working fine, but with glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices)/sizeof(GLubyte), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); Is giving BAD_ACCESS? Copy paste this into Xcode default OpenGl template: ViewController #import "ViewController.h" #define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *)NULL + (i)) // Uniform index. enum { UNIFORM_MODELVIEWPROJECTION_MATRIX, UNIFORM_NORMAL_MATRIX, NUM_UNIFORMS }; GLint uniforms[NUM_UNIFORMS]; // Attribute index. enum { ATTRIB_VERTEX, ATTRIB_NORMAL, NUM_ATTRIBUTES }; @interface ViewController () { GLKMatrix4 _modelViewProjectionMatrix; GLKMatrix3 _normalMatrix; float _rotation; GLuint _vertexArray; GLuint _vertexBuffer; NSArray* arrayOfVertex; } @property (strong, nonatomic) EAGLContext *context; @property (strong, nonatomic) GLKBaseEffect *effect; - (void)setupGL; - (void)tearDownGL; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES2]; GLKView *view = (GLKView *)self.view; view.context = self.context; view.drawableDepthFormat = GLKViewDrawableDepthFormat24; [self setupGL]; } - (void)dealloc { [self tearDownGL]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; if ([self isViewLoaded] && ([[self view] window] == nil)) { self.view = nil; [self tearDownGL]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == self.context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } self.context = nil; } // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } GLuint vertexBufferID; GLuint indexBufferID; static const GLfloat vertices[9] = { -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5 }; static const GLubyte indices[3] = { 0, 1, 2 }; - (void)setupGL { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; // [self loadShaders]; self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init]; self.effect.light0.enabled = GL_TRUE; self.effect.light0.diffuseColor = GLKVector4Make(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); // glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferID); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glGenBuffers(1, &indexBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBufferID); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, // Specifies the index of the generic vertex attribute to be modified. 3, // Specifies the number of components per generic vertex attribute. Must be 1, 2, 3, 4. GL_FLOAT, // GL_FALSE, // 0, // BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); // // glBindVertexArrayOES(0); } - (void)tearDownGL { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; glDeleteBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glDeleteVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); self.effect = nil; } #pragma mark - GLKView and GLKViewController delegate methods - (void)update { float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix; GLKMatrix4 baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f); baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(baseModelViewMatrix, _rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with GLKit GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix; // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with ES2 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL); _modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _rotation += self.timeSinceLastUpdate * 0.5f; } int i; - (void)glkView:(GLKView *)view drawInRect:(CGRect)rect { glClearColor(0.65f, 0.65f, 0.65f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); // Render the object with GLKit [self.effect prepareToDraw]; //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // Render the object again with ES2 // glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, sizeof(indices)/sizeof(GLubyte), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); } @end

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  • Algorithm for waypoint path following?

    - by Thierry Savard Saucier
    I have a worldmap, with different cities on it. The player can choose a city from a menu, or click on an available cities on the world map, and the toon should walk over there. I want him to follow a predefined path. Lets say our hero is on the city 1. He clicks on city 4. I want him to follow the path to city 2 and from there to city 4. I was handling this easily with arrow movement (left right top bottom) since its a single check. Now I'm not sure how I should do this. Should I loop threw each possible path and check which one leads me to D the fastest ... and if I do how do I avoid running in circle forever with cities 1-5-2 ?

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  • How does an Engine like Source process entities?

    - by Júlio Souza
    [background information] On the Source engine (and it's antecessor, goldsrc, quake's) the game objects are divided on two types, world and entities. The world is the map geometry and the entities are players, particles, sounds, scores, etc (for the Source Engine). Every entity has a think function, which do all the logic for that entity. So, if everything that needs to be processed comes from a base class with the think function, the game engine could store everything on a list and, on every frame, loop through it and call that function. On a first look, this idea is reasonable, but it can take too much resources, if the game has a lot of entities.. [end of background information] So, how does a engine like Source take care (process, update, draw, etc) of the game objects?

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  • How to optimize collision detection

    - by Niklas
    I am developing a 2D Java Game with LibGDX. This is what it kinda looks like (simplified): The big black circle is the player, which you can move by tilting the smartphone. The red circles and blue rectangles are enemies, which will move from the right of the screen to the left. The player has to avoid crashing into them. Right now I am checking in the Game Loop every enemy against the player, whether they collide or not. This seems kinda inefficient to me, but I don't know how to improve it. I have tried the Quadtree approach, but it did not really work. The player could easily glitch through enemies and the collision was not detected. Unfortunately, I have destroyed the Quadtree implementation. I used this [tutorial/blog] as my Quadtree implementation(http://gamedevelopment.tutsplus.com/tutorials/quick-tip-use-quadtrees-to-detect-likely-collisions-in-2d-space--gamedev-374).

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  • How do you calculate UVW coordinates?

    - by Jenko
    I'm working on a 3d engine and I'm calculating UVT coordinates, where U and V represent pixels on the texture measured in 0-1, and T is: T = perspective / Z But I'm trying to use this perspective-correct triangle rasteriser, which requires a W, per vertex. How do I calculate the W for each vertex for the drawPerspectiveTexturedPolygon() function? Hint: The code comments refer to W as the "homogenous coordinate" ... does that mean anything?

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  • Rendering large and high poly meshes

    - by Aurus
    Consider an huge terrain that has a lot polygons, to render this terrain I thought of following techniques: Using height-map instead of raw meshes: Yes, but I want to create a lot of caves and stuff that simply wont work with height-maps. Using voxels: Yes, but I think that this would be to much since I don't even want to support changing terrain.. Split into multiple chunks and do some sort of LOD with the mesh: Yes, but how would I do that? Tessellation usually creates more detail not less. Precompute the same mesh in lower poly version (like Mudbox does) and depending on the distance it renders one of these meshes: Graphic memory is limited and uploading only the chunks won't solve that problem since the traffic would be too high. IMO the last one sounds really good, but imagine the following process: Upload and render the chunks depending on the current player position. [No problem] Player will walk straight forward Now we maybe have to change on of the low poly chunk with the high poly one So, Remove the low poly chunk and load the high poly chunk [Already to much traffic here, I think] I am not very experienced in graphic programming and maybe the upper process is totally okay but somehow I think it is too much. And how about the disk space it would require.. I think 3 kind of levels would be fine but isn't that also too much? (I am using OpenGL but I don't think that this is important)

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