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  • What is the purpose of the canonical view volume?

    - by breadjesus
    I'm currently learning OpenGL and haven't been able to find an answer to this question. After the projection matrix is applied to the view space, the view space is "normalized" so that all the points lie within the range [-1, 1]. This is generally referred to as the "canonical view volume" or "normalized device coordinates". While I've found plenty of resources telling me about how this happens, I haven't seen anything about why it happens. What is the purpose of this step?

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  • Cube rotation DX10

    - by German
    Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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  • In wow 6.0 expansion, where to buy wow gold?

    - by user50866
    Rs3gold.com is a leading provider of MMORPG virtual currency and other assets around the world, when is the new world of warcraft expansion, you can buy cheapest wow gold from Rs3gold. 8% discount code for your World of Warcraft Gold - RS3GOLD Once your payment on our site is completed successfully, we will deliver your WOW gold instantly within 10-30 minutes! http://www.rs3gold.com/Gold/wow_us.aspx  

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  • How to draw unlimited FPS on Mac OS X with OpenGL?

    - by V1ru8
    I d'like to draw as many frames as possible with OpenGL on Mac OS X to measure the performance on different scenes. What I've tried so far: Using a CVDisplayLink that has NSOpenGLCPSwapInterval set to 0, so it does not sync with the Display. But with that it's still stuck at max 60FPS Using normal -drawRect: with a timer that fires 1/1000sec and calls -setNeedsDisplay: Still not more than 60FPS Same as 2. but I call -display in the timer callback. With that I get the FPS above 60, but it still stops at 100-110 FPS. Although the frame rate should easily be at 10times more. Andy idea how I can really draw as many frames as possible?

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  • Is there a standard way to track 2d tile positions both locally and on screen?

    - by Magicked
    I'm building a 2D engine based on 32x32 tiles with OpenGL. OpenGL draws from the top left, so Y coordinates go down the screen as they increase. Obviously this is different than a standard graph where Y coordinates move up as they increase. I'm having trouble determining how I want to track positions for both sprites and tile objects (objects that are collections of tiles). My brain wants to set the world position as the bottom left of the object and track every object this way. The problem with this is I would have to translate it to an on screen position on rendering. The positive with this is I could easily visualize (especially in the case of objects made of multiple tiles) how something is structured and needs to be built. Are there standard ways for doing this? Should I just suck it up and get used to positions beginning in the top left? Here are the OpenGL calls to start rendering: // enable textures since we're going to use these for our sprites glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // enable alpha blending glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); // disable the OpenGL depth test since we're rendering 2D graphics glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 0, 1, -1); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); I assume I need to change: glOrtho(0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 0, 1, -1); to: glOrtho(0, WIDTH, 0, HEIGHT, 1, -1);

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  • Drawing application on OpenGL for iOS (iPad)

    - by Alesia
    Some help is needed. I'm developing drawing application on OpenGL (deployment target 4.0) for iOS (iPad). We have 3 drawing tools: pen, marker (with alfa) and eraser. I draw with textures, using blending in orthographic projection. I can't use z-ordering because in this case I have to face a lot of troubles with cutting and erasing. The thing that I need is to make the pen be always on the top. When I first use marker and than pen - it's ok. But if I use pen first and marker over the pen - I can't see pen color under marker. I'd appreciate any help or advice. Thank you veeeeeery much!

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  • How do I implement deceleration for the player character?

    - by tesselode
    Using delta time with addition and subtraction is easy. player.speed += 100 * dt However, multiplication and division complicate things a bit. For example, let's say I want the player to double his speed every second. player.speed = player.speed * 2 * dt I can't do this because it'll slow down the player (unless delta time is really high). Division is the same way, except it'll speed things way up. How can I handle multiplication and division with delta time? Edit: it looks like my question has confused everyone. I really just wanted to be able to implement deceleration without this horrible mass of code: else if speed > 0 then speed = speed - 20 * dt if speed < 0 then speed = 0 end end if speed < 0 then speed = speed + 20 * dt if speed > 0 then speed = 0 end end end Because that's way bigger than it needs to be. So far a better solution seems to be: speed = speed - speed * whatever_number * dt

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  • Actionscript - Dropping Multiple Objects Using an Array?

    - by Eratosthenes
    I'm trying to get these fireBalls to drop more often, im not sure if im using Math.random correctly also, for some reason I'm getting a null reference because I think the fireBalls array waits for one to leave the stage before dropping another one? this is the relevant code: var sun:Sun=new Sun var fireBalls:Array=new Array() var left:Boolean; function onEnterFrame(event:Event){ if (left) { sun.x = sun.x - 15; }else{ sun.x = sun.x + 15; } if (fireBalls.length>0&&fireBalls[0].y>stage.stageHeight){ // Fireballs exit stage removeChild(fireBalls[0]); fireBalls.shift(); } for (var j:int=0; j<fireBalls.length; j++){ fireBalls[j].y=fireBalls[j].y+15; if (fireBalls[j].y>stage.stageHeight-fireBall.width/2){ } } if (Math.random()<.2){ // Fireballs shooting from Sun var fireBall:FireBall=new FireBall; fireBall.x=sun.x; addChild(fireBall); fireBalls.push(fireBall); } }

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  • Why are my sprite sheet's frames not visible in Cocos Builder?

    - by Ramy Al Zuhouri
    I have created a sprite sheet with zwoptex. Then I just dragged the .plist and .png files to my Cocos Builder project. After this I wanted to take a sprite frame and set it to a sprite: But the sprite image is empty! At first I thought it was just empty in Cocos Builder, and that it must have been working correctly when imported to a project. But if I try to run that scene with CCBReader I still see an empty sprite. Why?

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  • Why wont SVN work on the Google Code Source? [closed]

    - by BluFire
    I installed SVN Toroise. I then proceeded to the desktop and right clicked and clicked on SVN checkout. I then entered under the URL of Repository "http://apple-crunch.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ apple-crunch-read-only" but after a few seconds the checkout fails saying that the URL doesn't exist. I got the command line from http://code.google.com/p/apple-crunch/source/checkout I'm trying to get a direct copy instead of browsing through the source.

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  • Sprite rotation

    - by Kipras
    I'm using OpenGL and people suggest using glRotate for sprite rotation, but I find that strange. My problem with it is that it rotates the whole matrix, which sort of screws up all my collision detection and so on and so forth. Imagine I had a sprite at position (100, 100) and in position (100, 200) is an obstacle and the sprite's facing it. I rotate the sprite away from the obstacle and when move upwards my y axis, even though the projection shows like it's going away from the obstacle, the sprite will intersect it. So I don't see another way of a rotating a sprite and not screwing up all collision detection other than doing mathematical operations on the image itself. Am I right or am I missing something?

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  • Drawing two orthogonal strings in 3d space in Android Canvas?

    - by hasanghaforian
    I want to draw two strings in canvas.First string must be rotated around Y axis,for example 45 degrees.Second string must be start at the end of first string and also it must be orthogonal to first string. This is my code: String text = "In the"; float textWidth = redPaint.measureText(text); Matrix m0 = new Matrix(); Matrix m1 = new Matrix(); Matrix m2 = new Matrix(); mCamera = new Camera(); canvas.setMatrix(null); canvas.save(); mCamera.rotateY(45); mCamera.getMatrix(m0); m0.preTranslate(-100, -100); m0.postTranslate(100, 100); canvas.setMatrix(m0); canvas.drawText(text, 100, 100, redPaint); mCamera = new Camera(); mCamera.rotateY(90); mCamera.getMatrix(m1); m1.preTranslate(-textWidth - 100, -100); m1.postTranslate(textWidth + 100, 100); m2.setConcat(m1, m0); canvas.setMatrix(m2); canvas.drawText(text, 100 + textWidth, 100, greenPaint); But in result,only first string(text with red font)is visible. How can I do drawing two orthogonal strings in 3d space?

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  • How are dependant quests generated in Guild Wars 2?

    - by Aufziehvogel
    I recently read that Guild Wars 2 uses a system where the creation of quests depends on which actions user took when they were presented another quest. An example was: There might be a quest to protect a person. If users do not take this action, the person might be kidnapped and later there is a quest to rescue this person. Is there any information on whether the creation of these quests is somehow automatic? From the article it sounded like automatically, but from the specific example you could also guess that people just created a task-set where they added conditions (Task 1 taken: OK; Task 1 not taken: Show Task 2). From what I heard about AI they might also have implemented some sort of a huge neural network to make decisions?

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  • How can I keep the correct alpha during rendering particles?

    - by April
    Rencently,I was trying to save textures of 3D particles so that I can reuse the in 2D rendering.Now I had some problem with alpha channel.Some artist told me I that my textures should have unpremultiplied alpha channel.When I try to get the rgb value back,I got strange result.Some area went lighter and even totally white.I mainly focus on additive and blend mode,that is: ADDITIVE: srcAlpha VS 1 BLEND: srcAlpha VS 1-srcAlpha I tried a technique called premultiplied alpha.This technique just got you the right rgb value,its all you need on screen.As for alpha value,it worked well with BLEND mode,but not ADDITIVE mode.As you can see in parameters,BLEND mode always controlled its value within 1.While ADDITIVE mode cannot guarantee. I want proper alpha,but it just got too big or too small consider to rgb.Now what can I do?Any help will be great thankful. PS:If you don't understand what I am trying to do,there is a commercial software called "Particle Illusion".You can create various particles and then save the scene to texture,where you can choose to remove background of particles.

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  • How to swap row/column major order?

    - by 0X1A
    I'm trying to get a sprite sheet clipped in the right order but I'm a bit stumped, every iteration I've tried has tended to be in the wrong order. This is my current implementation. Frames = (TempSurface->h / ClipHeight) * (TempSurface->w / ClipWidth); SDL_Rect Clips[Frames]; for (i = 0; i < Frames; i++) { if (i != 0 && i % (TempSurface->h / ClipHeight) == 0) ColumnIndex++; Clips[i].x = ColumnIndex * ClipWidth; Clips[i].y = i % (TempSurface->h / ClipHeight) * ClipHeight; Clips[i].w = ClipWidth; Clips[i].h = ClipHeight; } Where TempSurface is the entire sheet loaded to a SDL_Surface and Clips[] is an array of SDL_Rects. What results from this is a sprite sheet set to SDL_Rects in the wrong order. For example I need a sheet of dimensions 4x4 to look like this: | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | 8 | 9 | 10| 11| | 12| 13| 14| 15| But instead I get this order: | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12| | 1 | 5 | 9 | 13| | 2 | 6 | 10| 14| | 3 | 7 | 11| 15| Columns and rows order does not match. What should I do to fix the order?

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  • What is wrong with my speculair phong shading

    - by Thijser
    I'm sorry if this should be placed on stackoverflow instead however seeing as this is graphics related I was hoping you guys could help me: I'm attempting to write a phong shader and currently working on the specular. I came acros the following formula: base*pow(dot(V,R),shininess) and attempted to implement it (V is the posion of the viewer and R the reflective vector). This gave the following result and code: Vec3Df phongSpecular(const Vec3Df & vertexPos, Vec3Df & normal, const Vec3Df & lightPos, const Vec3Df & cameraPos, unsigned int index) { Vec3Df relativeLightPos=(lightPos-vertexPos); relativeLightPos.normalize(); Vec3Df relativeCameraPos= (cameraPos-vertexPos); relativeCameraPos.normalize(); int DotOfNormalAndLight = Vec3Df::dotProduct(normal,relativeLightPos); Vec3Df reflective =(relativeLightPos-(2*DotOfNormalAndLight*normal))*-1; reflective.normalize(); float phongyness= Vec3Df::dotProduct(reflective,relativeCameraPos); if (phongyness<0){ phongyness=0; } float shininess= Shininess[index]; float speculair = powf(phongyness,shininess); return Ks[index]*speculair; } I'm looking for something more like this:

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  • What is the correct way to reset and load new data into GL_ARRAY_BUFFER?

    - by Geto
    I am using an array buffer for colors data. If I want to load different colors for the current mesh in real time what is the correct way to do it. At the moment I am doing: glBindVertexArray(vao); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, SIZE, colorsData, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(shader->attrib("color")); glVertexAttribPointer(shader->attrib("color"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, 0, NULL); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); It works, but I am not sure if this is good and efficient way to do it. What happens to the previous data ? Does it write on top of it ? Do I need to call : glDeleteBuffers(1, colorBuffer); glGenBuffers(1, colorBuffer); before transfering the new data into the buffer ?

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  • XNA content.load Dependancy

    - by Richard
    Quick question, My project i'm building for test purposes is working fine but i have dependencies flying around everywhere due to the XNA framework. In Update i have gametime passed everywhere... this is okay. In Draw i have gametime & spritebatch passed everywhere... this is okay. My issue is in the content.load textures/sounds/fonts. I have them as public variables ie Texture1 = Content.load(of texture2d)("Texture1") I'm passing a 'Game1' pointer into the constructor of every new class being instantiated to gain access to these variables. Am i missing an OOP trick to prevent me having to pass a pointer to 'game1' to every New class?

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  • Blender: Having trouble moving vertices

    - by capcom
    I've been using Blender for two days now, and ran into an issue while following a tutorial. Before anything else, I'd like to show you all what my problem precisely is. Here is a short video I uploaded: click here. I thought it may be easier for you all to help me identify and solve my problem more accurately with a visual aid. I would like to emphasize that this issue began to occur after I extruded that trapezoidal region (misstated as a parallelogram in the video). I decided that I did not want the extruded region, and just hit undo. Ever since then, I began to experience the problem you viewed. Thanks.

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  • Why RenderTarget2D overwrites other objects when trying to put some text in a model?

    - by cad
    I am trying to draw an object composited by two cubes (A & B) (one on top of the other, but for now I have them a little bit more open). I am able to do it and this is the result. (Cube A is the blue and Cube B is the one with brown text that comes from a png texture) But I want to have any text as parameter in the cube B. I have tried what @alecnash suggested in his question, but for some reason when I try to draw cube B, cube A dissapears and everything turns purple. This is my draw code: public void Draw(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, SpriteBatch spriteBatch, Matrix viewMatrix, Matrix projectionMatrix) { graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; graphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; graphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.LinearClamp; // CUBE A basicEffect.View = viewMatrix; basicEffect.Projection = projectionMatrix; basicEffect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(ModelPosition); basicEffect.VertexColorEnabled = true; foreach (EffectPass pass in basicEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); drawCUBE_TOP(graphicsDevice); drawCUBE_Floor(graphicsDevice); DrawFullSquareStripesFront(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); DrawFullSquareStripesLeft(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); DrawFullSquareStripesRight(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); DrawFullSquareStripesBack(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); } // CUBE B // Set the World matrix which defines the position of the cube texturedCubeEffect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(ModelPosition); // Set the View matrix which defines the camera and what it's looking at texturedCubeEffect.View = viewMatrix; // Set the Projection matrix which defines how we see the scene (Field of view) texturedCubeEffect.Projection = projectionMatrix; // Enable textures on the Cube Effect. this is necessary to texture the model texturedCubeEffect.TextureEnabled = true; Texture2D a = SpriteFontTextToTexture(graphicsDevice, spriteBatch, arialFont, "TEST ", Color.Black, Color.GhostWhite); texturedCubeEffect.Texture = a; //texturedCubeEffect.Texture = cubeTexture; // Enable some pretty lights texturedCubeEffect.EnableDefaultLighting(); // apply the effect and render the cube foreach (EffectPass pass in texturedCubeEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); cubeToDraw.RenderToDevice(graphicsDevice); } } private Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, SpriteBatch spriteBatch, SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Vector2 Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(graphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); graphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); spriteBatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture //spriteBatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(graphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); spriteBatch.End(); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } The way I generate texture with dynamic text is: Texture2D a = SpriteFontTextToTexture(graphicsDevice, spriteBatch, arialFont, "TEST ", Color.Black, Color.GhostWhite); After commenting several parts to see what caused the problem, it seems to be located in this line graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget);

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  • Dirt compression from vehicle tires

    - by Mungoid
    So I kinda have this working but its not correct because it just averages, so I wanted to know if anyone here has any ideas. I'm trying to simulate loose dirt compression under the tires of a vehicle to reduce the potential bumpiness of 'chunky' terrain. Currently how I do this is that I have a bounding box shape around my tires, set a little lower so they intersect with the terrain. Each frame, I (currently) average all of the heights of each point in the terrain that are within the box bounds of that tire, and then set them all to that average. Clearly this won't work in most cases because, for example, if i'm on a hill, the terrain will deform way too much. One way I thought was to have a max and min amount the points could raise and lower but that still doesn't seem to work properly and sometimes looks more like steps than smooth dirt. I wanna say that there is probably a bit more to this that what i'm currently doing but I am not sure where to look. Could anyone here shed some light on this subject? Would I benefit any by maybe looking up some smoothing algorith or something similar?

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  • Getting Started with Component Architecture: DI?

    - by ashes999
    I just moved away from MVC towards something more component-architecture-like. I have no concept of messages yet (it's rough prototype code), objects just get internal properties and values of other classes for now. That issue aside, it seems like this is turning into an aspect-oriented-programming challenge. I've noticed that all entities with, for example, a position component will have similar properties (get/set X/Y/Z, rotation, velocity). Is it a common practice, and/or good idea, to push these behind an interface and use dependency injection to inject a generic class (eg. PositionComponent) which already has all the boiler-plate code? (I'm sure the answer will affect the model I use for message/passing)

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  • Rotate to a set degree then stop Unity

    - by N0xus
    I'm trying to make an object rotate up on the Y axis 90 degrees, then stop. I've got the rotating up bit working fine, it's getting it to stop once it hits 90. Some of the things I've tried include the following: float i = rotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime; while ( x != 90 ) { transform.Rotate( i, 0, 0); } int x = 0; x++; if( x == 90 ) { transform.Rotate( 0, 0, 0 ); } For some reason I can't get this simple thing to work. What am I missing / not doing?

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  • IDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData() returns no data

    - by P. Avery
    I've got a simple function to get the rendertarget data of an RT( w/default pool ). This particular RT has a resolution of 1x1( it's the 10'th and final mip of a texture ). Here is my code to get data for IDirect3DSurface9 *pTargetSurface: IDirect3DSurface9 *pSOS = NULL; pd3dDevice->CreateOffScreenPlainSurface( 1, 1, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM, &pSOS, NULL ); // get residual energy if( FAILED( hr = pd3dDevice->GetRenderTargetData( pTargetSurface, pSOS ) ) ) { DebugStringDX( ClassName, "Failed to IDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData() at DownsampleArea()", __LINE__, hr ); goto Exit; } // lock surface if( FAILED( hr = pSOS->LockRect( &rct, NULL, D3DLOCK_READONLY ) ) ) { DebugStringDX( ClassName, "Failed to IDirect3DSurface9::LockRect() at DownsampleArea()", __LINE__, hr ); goto Exit; } // get residual energy from downsampled texture pByte = ( BYTE* )rct.pBits; D3DXVECTOR4 vEnergy; vEnergy.z = ( float )pByte[ 0 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.y = ( float )pByte[ 1 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.x = ( float )pByte[ 2 ] / 255.0f; vEnergy.w = ( float )pByte[ 3 ] / 255.0f; V( pSOS->UnlockRect() ); All formatting and settings are correct, directx in debug mode shows no errors... The problem is that the 4 bytes above are 0...I know this to be incorrect by using PIX to debug...PIX shows that RGB bytes are 0.078 and Alpah is 1. These values are not less than that which can be represented by a single byte( 1 / 255 ). Any ideas? Am I copying rendertarget data correctly?

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  • Label not properly centered in TextButton

    - by Kees de Bruin
    I'm using LibGDX v1.1.0 and I see that the label of a TextButton is not properly centered. I have the following code: m_resumeButton = new TextButton("resume", skin); m_resumeButton.addListener(new ChangeListener() { public void changed(ChangeEvent event, Actor actor) { m_state = GameState.RUNNING; getGame().getWorld().pauseWorld(false); } }); The default TextButtonStyle is defined as: "com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.TextButton$TextButtonStyle": { "default": { "up": "menu-button", "down": "menu-button-down", "checked": "menu-button-down", "disabled": "menu-button-disabled", "font": "font24", "fontColor": "white" } } The menu button images are simple 240x48 bitmaps saved as 9-patch images. An image can be found here to illustrate the problem: https://www.dropbox.com/s/cwuhu5xb9ro5w6m/screenshot001.jpg Am I doing something wrong? Or is there a problem with the button images I'm using?

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