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• I never really understood: what is Application Binary Interface (ABI)?

  - by claws

  I never clearly understood what is an ABI. I'm sorry for such a lengthy question. I just want to clearly understand things. Please don't point me to wiki article, If could understand it, I wouldn't be here posting such a lengthy post. This is my mindset about different interfaces: TV remote is an interface between user and TV. It is an existing entity but useless (doesn't provide any functionality) by itself. All the functionality for each of those buttons on the remote is implemented in the Television set. Interface: It is a "existing entity" layer between the functionality and consumer of that functionality. An, interface by itself is doesn't do anything. It just invokes the functionality lying behind. Now depending on who the user is there are different type of interfaces. Command Line Interface(CLI) commands are the existing entities, consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: commands consumer: user Graphical User Interface(GUI) window,buttons etc.. are the existing entities, again consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: window,buttons etc.. consumer: user Application Programming Interface(API) functions or to be more correct, interfaces (in interfaced based programming) are the existing entities, consumer here is another program not a user. and again functionality lies behind this layer. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: functions, Interfaces(array of functions). consumer: another program/application. Application Binary Interface (ABI) Here is my problem starts. functionality: ??? existing entities: ??? consumer: ??? I've wrote few softwares in different languages and provided different kind of interfaces (CLI, GUI, API) but I'm not sure, if I ever, provided any ABI. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface says: ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; Other ABIs standardize details such as the C++ name mangling,[2] . exception propagation,[3] and calling convention between compilers on the same platform, but do not require cross-platform compatibility. Who needs these details? Please don't say, OS. I know assembly programming. I know how linking & loading works. I know what exactly happens inside. Where did C++ name mangling come in between? I thought we are talking at the binary level. Where did languages come in between? anyway, I've downloaded the [PDF] System V Application Binary Interface Edition 4.1 (1997-03-18) to see what exactly it contains. Well, most of it didn't make any sense. Why does it contain 2 chapters (4th & 5th) which describe the ELF file format.Infact, these are the only 2 significant chapters that specification. Rest of all the chapters "Processor Specific". Anyway, I thought that it is completely different topic. Please don't say that ELF file format specs are the ABI. It doesn't qualify to be Interface according to the definition. I know, since we are talking at such low level it must be very specific. But I'm not sure how is it "Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)" specific? Where can I find MS Window's ABI? So, these are the major queries that are bugging me.

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• Copy method optimization in compilers

  - by Dženan

  Hi All! I have the following code: void Stack::operator =(Stack &rhs) { //do the actual copying } Stack::Stack(Stack &rhs) //copy-constructor { top=NULL; //initialize this as an empty stack (which it is) *this=rhs; //invoke assignment operator } Stack& Stack::CopyStack() { return *this; //this statement will invoke copy contructor } It is being used like this: unsigned Stack::count() { unsigned c=0; Stack copy=CopyStack(); while (!copy.empty()) { copy.pop(); c++; } return c; } Removing reference symbol from declaration of CopyStack (returning a copy instead of reference) makes no difference in visual studio 2008 (with respect to number of times copying is invoked). I guess it gets optimized away - normally it should first make a copy for the return value, then call assignment operator once more to assign it to variable sc. What is your experience with this sort of optimization in different compilers? Regards, Dženan

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• What does this error mean: `somefile.c:200: error: the frame size of 1032 bytes is larger than 1024

  - by Pierre LaFayette

  During a make, I'm seeing an error along the lines of: cc1: warnings being treated as errors somefile.c:200: error: the frame size of 1032 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes The line number points to the closing brace of a c function that has a signature like this: void trace(SomeEnum1 p1, SomeEnum2 p2, char* format, ...) { Anyone know what this type of error means in general?

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• __FILE__ In .h what does it resolve to

  - by Pablitorun

  Is there a specification on how the FILE macro will be expanded if it is in a .h? So if I #define MYFILE __FILE__ in foo.h and foo.c #includes "foo.h" void main(){ printf("%s",MYFILE); .... does this output foo.h or foo.c? (Yes I realize this is a stupid example) Sorry for what should be a simple question. The documentation on the web seems conflicting. For what it is worth VS2008 comes back as foo.c which is what I would expect....I think. I am just trying to confirm if this is defined behavior.

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• How much faster are register based architectures than stack architectures?

  - by drozzy

  Studying compilers course, I am left wondering why use registers at all. It is often the case that the caller or callee must save the register value and then restore it. In a way they always end up using the stack anyway. Is creating additional complexity by using registers really worth it? Excuse my ignorance. Update: Please, I know that registers are faster than RAM and other types of cache. My main concern is that one has to "save" the value that is in the register and the "restore" it to. In both cases we are accessing some kind of cache. Would it not be better to use cache in the first place?

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• compiling boost based application using cron

  - by user303544

  Hi All, I am building some boost based application for various embedded targets. I have developed a script which can build my application with different toolchain for several targets. This script works fine when I run it from command line but if it is invoked from cron it always fails to link the object files. My application has dependency on openssl. Can anyone please give some idea? What would be the root cause of this kind of behavior? Thanks in advance.

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• "Make" system for Actionscript?

  - by Ender

  In working on larger Actionscript/Flash projects, I've started to really feel the need for some kind of "make" system, but I haven't found it yet. Does anyone know if it exists? Required features: Ability to associate SWCs with their source code and/or FLAs i.e. "this swc is compiled from this source" Ability to mark my current project as depending on these SWCs (either as compile-time or runtime libraries) A single, big shiny button, that when pressed does the following: Checks to see if any of the source files have changed, and if so, recompiles their associated SWCs Recompiles and relinks the main .swf, if necessary Runs the main .swf Have yet to find a way to get something like FlashDevelop to do this (but I don't know it well enough to be sure). Support for both code and FLA sources is preferred.

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• GCC doesn't like C++ style casts with spaces

  - by uj2

  I am porting some C++ code to GCC, and apperantly it isn't happy with C++ style casting when sapces are involved, as in unsigned int(-1), long long(ShortVar) etc... It gives an error: expected primary-expression before 'long'. Is there any way to make peace with GCC without going over each one of those and rewrite in c-style?

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• c++: truth assignment warning with arguments?

  - by John

  I use the following to work with arguments in my programs, but it seems to just hand me a warning (just a warning): "warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value" The beginning of the code is as follows: enum{OPT_DISP_H = 0x2, OPT_DISP_W = 0x1}; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int opt = 0x00; char c; while((++argv)[0] && argv[0][0]=='-'){ while(c =* ++argv[0]) switch(c){ case 'h': opt |= OPT_DISP_H; break; //etc.. The while(c =* ++argv[0]) part being where the warning persists. The code works fine, but what does this warning mean opposed to what is used? I think the code is c = *++argv[0], using the pointer. So why does the single = work and what is really recommended to be used?

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• Qt "no matching function for call"

  - by Blin

  I have no matching function for call to 'saveLine::saveLine()' error when compiling my application. The construcor is never actually called. saveLine class definition: class saveLine { public: saveLine(QWidget *parent); private: QPushButton *selectButton, *acceptButton; QLabel *filePath; QLineEdit *allias; }; saveLine is used in another class which is defined as follows: class MWindow : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public: MWindow(QWidget *parent=0); private: saveLine line1; }; error points to MWindow constructor implementation MWindow::MWindow(QWidget *parent):QWidget(parent) { this->setWindowTitle("Launcher"); this->resize(600,600); } What should i do? I intend to use saveLine class in a vector, to create lines at runtime.

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• force warning in java

  - by Dustin Getz

  I'd like a mechanism to throw a compile-time warning manually. I'm using it to flag unfinished code so I can't possibly forget about it later. @Deprecated is close but warns at caller site, not at creation site. I'm using eclipse. Something like #Warning in C#.

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• Can you make VB.NET compilation as strict as C#?

  - by pete the pagan-gerbil

  In VB.NET, it is entirely possible to pass an integer as a string parameter to a method without calling .ToString() - it's even possible to call .ToString without the ()'s. The code will run without a problem, VB will interpret the integer as a string without having been told to. In C#, these would cause compilation errors - you are required to call .ToString() and to call it correctly in that situation before it will compile. Is there a way to make the VB compilation process check for the same things as the C# compilation process? Would it be best practice in a mixed team to force this check?

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• Floating a New Programming Language

  - by Jonathan Swift

  How does a new programming language get established? How could I design one and be famous? What steps would I need to take to get it 'Out There'?

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• How do i save an compile a program in befunge-93?

  - by David

  How do i save an compile a program in befunge-93? what do i need to save the file as? (like: fileName.what) How do i compile it?

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• how to raise warning if return value is disregarded - gcc or static code check?

  - by Drakosha

  I'd like to see all the places in my code (C++) which disregard return value of a function. How can I do it - with gcc or static code analysis tool? Bad code example: int f(int z) { return z + (z*2) + z/3 + z*z + 23; } int main() { int i = 7; f(i); ///// <<----- here I disregard the return value return 1; } Update: it should work even if the function and its use are in different files free static check tool

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• Solving C++ 'target of assignment not really an lvalue' errors

  - by Jason

  Given this code: void FrMemCopy(void *to, const void *from, size_t sz) { size_t sz8 = sz >> 3; size_t sz1 = sz - (sz8 << 3); while (sz8-- != 0) { *((double *)to)++ = *((double *)from)++; } while (sz1-- != 0) { *((char *)to)++ = *((char *)from)++; } } I am receiving target of assignment not really an lvalue warnings on the 2 lines inside the while loops. Can anyone break down those lines? a cast then an increment? What is a simplier way to write that? What does the error mean?

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• Lib Files and Defines

  - by Paul

  I'm using a couple of external libraries and I'd rather not have to include all their source and header files in my main source directory or in my project file. One option would be to compile the libraries as lib files and link them like that. However I'm not sure the defines get evaluated before or after the lib file gets created (which one is it?). If it's before then obviously I can't just pack them because they might not work properly on different compilers or systems. So if I can't pack the libraries as lib files, is there any way for me to link in the c or cpp source files? Probably not, since they would have to be compiled first, but maybe I'm wrong. Edit: Here's a follow-up question, based on answers. Do you think it'd be too much of a hassle to have a makefile that creates the lib files? I'd still rather not add the sources to my project or in my source directory.

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• Static Memory allocation & Portability

  - by user332354

  I have read Static Memory Allocation are done during Compile time. Is the 'address allocated' used while generating executables ? Now,I am in doubt that how the memory allocation is handled when the code executable is transferred completely to a new system. I searched for it but I didn't get any answer on Internet.

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• #define and how to use them - C++

  - by ML

  Hi All, in a pre-compiled header if I do: #define DS_BUILD #define PGE_BUILD #define DEMO then in source I do: #if (DS_BUILD && DEMO) ---- code--- #elif (PGE_BUILD && DEMO) --- code--- #else --- code --- #endif Do I get an error that states: error: operator '&&' has no right operand I have never seen this before. I am using XCode 3.2, GCC 4.2 on OS X 10.6.3

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• Quick question regarding Conditional Compilation (ifndef)

  - by sil3nt

  Hello, This is quite probably a very silly question but I need to be sure. I've been given a class declaration in a header file eg. #ifndef file_H #define file_H class ex{ private: public: }; #endif and I've been required to write the method definitions in the same file, which I have done, my question is does the "#endif" stay where it is just after the class declaration or does it go at the end of my file after the class method definitions?.

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• Use C function in C++ program; "multiply-defined" error

  - by eom

  I am trying to use this code for the Porter stemming algorithm in a C++ program I've already written. I followed the instructions near the end of the file for using the code as a separate module. I created a file, stem.c, that ends after the definition and has extern int stem(char * p, int i, int j) ... It worked fine in Xcode but it does not work for me on Unix with gcc 4.1.1--strange because usually I have no problem moving between the two. I get the error ld: fatal: symbol `stem(char*, int, int)' is multiply-defined: (file /var/tmp//ccrWWlnb.o type=FUNC; file /var/tmp//cc6rUXka.o type=FUNC); ld: fatal: File processing errors. No output written to cluster I've looked online and it seems like there are many things I could have wrong, but I'm not sure what combination of a header file, extern "C", etc. would work.

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• "Undefined reference to"

  - by user1332364

  I know that there are a lot of questions somewhat related to this one, but they answers are a bit hard for me to make sense of. I'm receiving the following error for a few different lines of code: C:\Users\Jeff\AppData\Local\Temp\ccAixtmT.o:football.cpp:(.text+0x6f0): undefined reference to `Player::set_values(int, std::string, float)' From these blocks of code: class Player { int playerNum; string playerPos; float playerRank; public: void set_values(int, string, float); float get_rank(){ return playerRank; }; bool operator == (const Player &p1/*, const Player &p2*/) const { if(&p1.playerNum == &playerNum && &p1.playerPos == &playerPos && &p1.playerRank == &playerRank) return true; else return false; }; }; And this being the main function referencing the subclass: int main() { ifstream infile; infile.open ("input.txt", ifstream::in); int numTeams; string command; while(!infile.fail() && !infile.eof()){ infile >> numTeams; string name; Player p; int playNum; string playPos; float playRank; Player all[11]; float ranks[11]; Team allTeams[numTeams]; for(int i=0; i<numTeams; i++){ infile >> name; for(int j=0; j<11; j++){ infile >> playNum; infile >> playPos; infile >> playRank; if(playPos == "QB") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank*2.0)); else if(playPos == "RB") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank*1.5)); else if(playPos == "WR") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank/1.8)); else if(playPos == "TE") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank*1.1)); else if(playPos == "GD") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank/2.0)); else if(playPos == "TC") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank/2.2)); else if(playPos == "CR") p.set_values(playNum, playPos, (playRank/1.2)); all[j] = p; allTeams[i].set_values(all, name); } } infile >> command; if (command == "play"){ int t1; int t2; infile >> t1; infile >> t2; play(allTeams[t1], allTeams[t2]); } else { int t1; int p1; int t2; int p2; swap(allTeams[t1], allTeams[t1].get_player(p1), allTeams[t2], allTeams[t2].get_player(p2)); } } }

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• Do different JDK Updates produce different Java byte code?

  - by Bernhard V

  A hypothetical scenario: I've got a project whose source compliance level is specified to 1.5. Now I compile this project with two different JDKs: At first with JDK 6 Update 7 and then with JDK 6 Update 20. Do these two different JDKs produce different Java byte code, although they only differ in their Update version?

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• Keep getting error class, interface, or enum expected

  - by user1746605

  I can't see the problem with this short class. I get 8 class, interface, or enum expected errors. Thanks public class BankAccount { public BankAccount { private double balance = 0; } public BankAccount(double balanceIn) { private double balance = balanceIn; } public double checkBalance { return balance; } public void deposit(double amount) { if(amount > 0) balance += amount; } public void withdraw(double amount) { if(amount <= balance) balance -= amount; } }

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• Safely defining variables for public callback functions in javascript

  - by djreed

  I am working with the YouTube iFrame API to embed a number of videos on a page. Documentation here: https://developers.google.com/youtube/iframe_api_reference#Requirements In summary, you load the API asynchronously using the following snippet: var tag = document.createElement('script'); tag.src = "http://www.youtube.com/player_api"; var firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, firstScriptTag); Once loaded, the API fires the predefined callback function onYouTubePlayerAPIReady. For additional context: I am defining a library file for this in Google Closure. I am providing a namespace: goog.provide('yt.video'); I then use goog.exportSymbol so that the API can find the function. That all works fine. My challenge is that I would like to pass 2 variables to the callback function. Is there any way to do this without defining these 2 variables in the context of the window object? goog.provide('yt.video'); goog.require('goog.dom'); yt.video = function(videos, locales) { this.videos = videos; this.captionLocales = locales; this.init(); }; yt.video.prototype.init = function() { var tag = document.createElement('script'); tag.src = "http://www.youtube.com/player_api"; var firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, firstScriptTag); }; /* * Callback function fired when YT API is ready * This is exported using goog.exportSymbol in another file and * is being fired by the API properly. */ yt.video.prototype.onPlayerReady = function(videos, locales) { window.console.log('this :' + this); //logs window window.console.log('this.videos : ' + this.videos); //logs undefined /* * Video settings from Django variable */ for(i=0; i<this.videos.length; i++) { var playerEvents = {}; var embedVars = {}; var el = this.videos[i].el; var playerVid = this.videos[i].vid; var playerWidth = this.videos[i].width; var playerHeight = this.videos[i].height; var captionLocales = this.videos[i].locales; if(this.videos[i].playerVars) var embedVars = this.videos[i].playerVars; } if(this.videos[i].events) { var playerEvents = this.videos[i].events; } /* * Show captions by default */ if(goog.array.indexOf(captionLocales, 'es') >= 0) { embedVars.cc_load_policy = 1; }; new YT.Player(el, { height: playerHeight, width: playerWidth, videoId: playerVid, events: playerEvents, playerVars: embedVars }); }; }; To intialize this, I am currently using the following within a self-executing anonymous function: var videos = [ {"vid": "video_id", "el": "player-1", "width": 640, "height": 390, "locales": ["es", "fr"], "events": {"onStateChange": stateChanged}}, {"vid": "video_id", "el": "player-2", "locales": ["es", "fr"], "width": 640, "height": 390} ]; var locales = ['es']; var videoTemplate = new yt.video(videos, locales);

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