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  • Boost::Mutex & Malloc

    - by M. Tibbits
    Hi all, I'm trying to use a faster memory allocator in C++. I can't use Hoard due to licensing / cost. I was using NEDMalloc in a single threaded setting and got excellent performance, but I'm wondering if I should switch to something else -- as I understand things, NEDMalloc is just a replacement for C-based malloc() & free(), not the C++-based new & delete operators (which I use extensively). The problem is that I now need to be thread-safe, so I'm trying to malloc an object which is reference counted (to prevent excess copying), but which also contains a mutex pointer. That way, if you're about to delete the last copy, you first need to lock the pointer, then free the object, and lastly unlock & free the mutex. However, using malloc to create a boost::mutex appears impossible because I can't initialize the private object as calling the constructor directly ist verboten. So I'm left with this odd situation, where I'm using new to allocate the lock and nedmalloc to allocate everything else. But when I allocate a large amount of memory, I run into allocation errors (which disappear when I switch to malloc instead of nedmalloc ~ but the performance is terrible). My guess is that this is due to fragmentation in the memory and an inability of nedmalloc and new to place nice side by side. There has to be a better solution. What would you suggest?

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  • how do you make a "concurrent queue safe" lazy loader (singleton manager) in objective-c

    - by Rich
    Hi, I made this class that turns any object into a singleton, but I know that it's not "concurrent queue safe." Could someone please explain to me how to do this, or better yet, show me the code. To be clear I want to know how to use this with operation queues and dispatch queues (NSOperationQueue and Grand Central Dispatch) on iOS. Thanks in advance, Rich EDIT: I had an idea for how to do it. If someone could confirm it for me I'll do it and post the code. The idea is that proxies make queues all on their own. So if I make a mutable proxy (like Apple does in key-value coding/observing) for any object that it's supposed to return, and always return the same proxy for the same object/identifier pair (using the same kind of lazy loading technique as I used to create the singletons), the proxies would automatically queue up the any messages to the singletons, and make it totally thread safe. IMHO this seems like a lot of work to do, so I don't want to do it if it's not gonna work, or if it's gonna slow my apps down to a crawl. Here's my non-thread safe code: RMSingletonCollector.h // // RMSingletonCollector.h // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/11/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "RMWeakObjectRef.h" struct RMInitializerData { // The method may take one argument. // required SEL designatedInitializer; // data to pass to the initializer or nil. id data; }; typedef struct RMInitializerData RMInitializerData; RMInitializerData RMInitializerDataMake(SEL initializer, id data); @interface NSObject (SingletonCollector) // Returns the selector and data to pass to it (if the selector takes an argument) for use when initializing the singleton. // If you override this DO NOT call super. + (RMInitializerData)designatedInitializerForIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier; @end @interface RMSingletonCollector : NSObject { } + (id)collectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier; + (id<RMWeakObjectReference>)referenceForObjectOfType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier; + (void)destroyCollection; + (void)destroyCollectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier; @end // ==--==--==--==--==Notifications==--==--==--==--== extern NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollection; extern NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollectionObject; RMSingletonCollector.m // // RMSingletonCollector.m // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/11/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // #import "RMSingletonCollector.h" #import <objc/objc-runtime.h> NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollection = @"willDestroySingletonCollection"; NSString *const willDestroySingletonCollectionObject = @"willDestroySingletonCollectionObject"; RMInitializerData RMInitializerDataMake(SEL initializer, id data) { RMInitializerData newData; newData.designatedInitializer = initializer; newData.data = data; return newData; } @implementation NSObject (SingletonCollector) + (RMInitializerData)designatedInitializerForIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier { return RMInitializerDataMake(@selector(init), nil); } @end @interface RMSingletonCollector () + (NSMutableDictionary *)singletonCollection; + (void)setSingletonCollection:(NSMutableDictionary *)newSingletonCollection; @end @implementation RMSingletonCollector static NSMutableDictionary *singletonCollection = nil; + (NSMutableDictionary *)singletonCollection { if (singletonCollection != nil) { return singletonCollection; } NSMutableDictionary *collection = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:1]; [self setSingletonCollection:collection]; [collection release]; return singletonCollection; } + (void)setSingletonCollection:(NSMutableDictionary *)newSingletonCollection { if (newSingletonCollection != singletonCollection) { [singletonCollection release]; singletonCollection = [newSingletonCollection retain]; } } + (id)collectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier { id obj; NSString *key; if (identifier) { key = [className stringByAppendingFormat:@".%@", identifier]; } else { key = className; } if (obj = [[self singletonCollection] objectForKey:key]) { return obj; } // dynamic creation. // get a class for Class classForName = NSClassFromString(className); if (classForName) { obj = objc_msgSend(classForName, @selector(alloc)); // if the initializer takes an argument... RMInitializerData initializerData = [classForName designatedInitializerForIdentifier:identifier]; if (initializerData.data) { // pass it. obj = objc_msgSend(obj, initializerData.designatedInitializer, initializerData.data); } else { obj = objc_msgSend(obj, initializerData.designatedInitializer); } [singletonCollection setObject:obj forKey:key]; [obj release]; } else { // raise an exception if there is no class for the specified name. NSException *exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:@"com.RMDev.RMSingletonCollector.failed_to_find_class" reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"SingletonCollector couldn't find class for name: %@", [className description]] userInfo:nil]; [exception raise]; [exception release]; } return obj; } + (id<RMWeakObjectReference>)referenceForObjectOfType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier { id obj = [self collectionObjectForType:className identifier:identifier]; RMWeakObjectRef *objectRef = [[RMWeakObjectRef alloc] initWithObject:obj identifier:identifier]; return [objectRef autorelease]; } + (void)destroyCollection { NSDictionary *userInfo = [singletonCollection copy]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:willDestroySingletonCollection object:self userInfo:userInfo]; [userInfo release]; // release the collection and set it to nil. [self setSingletonCollection:nil]; } + (void)destroyCollectionObjectForType:(NSString *)className identifier:(NSString *)identifier { NSString *key; if (identifier) { key = [className stringByAppendingFormat:@".%@", identifier]; } else { key = className; } [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:willDestroySingletonCollectionObject object:[singletonCollection objectForKey:key] userInfo:nil]; [singletonCollection removeObjectForKey:key]; } @end RMWeakObjectRef.h // // RMWeakObjectRef.h // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/12/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // // In order to offset the performance loss from always having to search the dictionary, I made a retainable, weak object reference class. #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @protocol RMWeakObjectReference <NSObject> @property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) id objectRef; @property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSString *className; @property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSString *objectIdentifier; @end @interface RMWeakObjectRef : NSObject <RMWeakObjectReference> { id objectRef; NSString *className; NSString *objectIdentifier; } - (RMWeakObjectRef *)initWithObject:(id)object identifier:(NSString *)identifier; - (void)objectWillBeDestroyed:(NSNotification *)notification; @end RMWeakObjectRef.m // // RMWeakObjectRef.m // RMSingletonCollector // // Created by Rich Meade-Miller on 2/12/11. // Copyright 2011 Rich Meade-Miller. All rights reserved. // #import "RMWeakObjectRef.h" #import "RMSingletonCollector.h" @implementation RMWeakObjectRef @dynamic objectRef; @synthesize className, objectIdentifier; - (RMWeakObjectRef *)initWithObject:(id)object identifier:(NSString *)identifier { if (self = [super init]) { NSString *classNameForObject = NSStringFromClass([object class]); className = classNameForObject; objectIdentifier = identifier; objectRef = object; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(objectWillBeDestroyed:) name:willDestroySingletonCollectionObject object:object]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(objectWillBeDestroyed:) name:willDestroySingletonCollection object:[RMSingletonCollector class]]; } return self; } - (id)objectRef { if (objectRef) { return objectRef; } objectRef = [RMSingletonCollector collectionObjectForType:className identifier:objectIdentifier]; return objectRef; } - (void)objectWillBeDestroyed:(NSNotification *)notification { objectRef = nil; } - (void)dealloc { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self]; [className release]; [super dealloc]; } @end

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  • Cache consistency & spawning a thread

    - by Dave Keck
    Background I've been reading through various books and articles to learn about processor caches, cache consistency, and memory barriers in the context of concurrent execution. So far though, I have been unable to determine whether a common coding practice of mine is safe in the strictest sense. Assumptions The following pseudo-code is executed on a two-processor machine: int sharedVar = 0; myThread() { print(sharedVar); } main() { sharedVar = 1; spawnThread(myThread); sleep(-1); } main() executes on processor 1 (P1), while myThread() executes on P2. Initially, sharedVar exists in the caches of both P1 and P2 with the initial value of 0 (due to some "warm-up code" that isn't shown above.) Question Strictly speaking – preferably without assuming any particular CPU – is myThread() guaranteed to print 1? With my newfound knowledge of processor caches, it seems entirely possible that at the time of the print() statement, P2 may not have received the invalidation request for sharedVar caused by P1's assignment in main(). Therefore, it seems possible that myThread() could print 0. References These are the related articles and books I've been reading. (It wouldn't allow me to format these as links because I'm a new user - sorry.) Shared Memory Consistency Models: A Tutorial hpl.hp.com/techreports/Compaq-DEC/WRL-95-7.pdf Memory Barriers: a Hardware View for Software Hackers rdrop.com/users/paulmck/scalability/paper/whymb.2009.04.05a.pdf Linux Kernel Memory Barriers kernel.org/doc/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach amazon.com/Computer-Architecture-Quantitative-Approach-4th/dp/0123704901/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

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  • Strategy for Offline/Online data synchronization

    - by Adi
    My requirement is I have server J2EE web application and client J2EE web application. Sometimes client can go offline. When client comes online he should be able to synchronize changes to and fro. Also I should be able to control which rows/tables need to be synchronized based on some filters/rules. Is there any existing Java frameworks for doing it? If I need to implement on my own, what are the different strategies that you can suggest? One solution in my mind is maintaining sql logs and executing same statements at other side during synchronization. Do you see any problems with this strategy?

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  • Spring online repository for Maven

    - by Fortyrunner
    I've just installed Maven2 for the first time. By default it pulls down a few useful jars into a local project: jakarta-commons, junit etc. I wanted to pull in the latest Spring release (2.5.6 at the time of writing). But the online repositories I looked at (iBiblio and Maven) only had much older versions of Spring libraries. Are there any other repositories that are kept up to date? What is the best practice here; can we maintain them ourselves? I would be prepared to help out maintaining this stuff!

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  • Is SecureRandom thread safe?

    - by Yishai
    Is SecureRandom thread safe? That is, after initializing it, can access to the next random number be relied on to be thread safe? Examining the source code seems to show that it is, and this bug report seems to indicate that its lack of documentation as thread safe is a javadoc issue. Has anyone confirmed that it is in fact thread safe?

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  • NSInvocationOperation and main thread

    - by kpower
    Imagine that I have a view with some UIKit object as its subview (for example, UIActivityIndicatorView - this doesn't matter). This view also has a selector, called doSomething, which somehow manages UIKit object (in our example it can start or stop indicator view). I create NSInvocationOperation (from view's code parts) with initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(doSomething) object:nil. Then add it to NSOperationQueue. And all works fine. How?! It should be a new thread and non-thread-safe UIKit object! Why no error found (and no crash happened)?

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  • Accidental Complexity in OpenSSL HMAC functions

    - by Hassan Syed
    SSL Documentation Analaysis This question is pertaining the usage of the HMAC routines in OpenSSL. Since Openssl documentation is a tad on the weak side in certain areas, profiling has revealed that using the: unsigned char *HMAC(const EVP_MD *evp_md, const void *key, int key_len, const unsigned char *d, int n, unsigned char *md, unsigned int *md_len); From here, shows 40% of my library runtime is devoted to creating and taking down **HMAC_CTX's behind the scenes. There are also two additional function to create and destroy a HMAC_CTX explicetly: HMAC_CTX_init() initialises a HMAC_CTX before first use. It must be called. HMAC_CTX_cleanup() erases the key and other data from the HMAC_CTX and releases any associated resources. It must be called when an HMAC_CTX is no longer required. These two function calls are prefixed with: The following functions may be used if the message is not completely stored in memory My data fits entirely in memory, so I choose the HMAC function -- the one whose signature is shown above. The context, as described by the man page, is made use of by using the following two functions: HMAC_Update() can be called repeatedly with chunks of the message to be authenticated (len bytes at data). HMAC_Final() places the message authentication code in md, which must have space for the hash function output. The Scope of the Application My application generates a authentic (HMAC, which is also used a nonce), CBC-BF encrypted protocol buffer string. The code will be interfaced with various web-servers and frameworks Windows / Linux as OS, nginx, Apache and IIS as webservers and Python / .NET and C++ web-server filters. The description above should clarify that the library needs to be thread safe, and potentially have resumeable processing state -- i.e., lightweight threads sharing a OS thread (which might leave thread local memory out of the picture). The Question How do I get rid of the 40% overhead on each invocation in a (1) thread-safe / (2) resume-able state way ? (2) is optional since I have all of the source-data present in one go, and can make sure a digest is created in place without relinquishing control of the thread mid-digest-creation. So, (1) can probably be done using thread local memory -- but how do I resuse the CTX's ? does the HMAC_final() call make the CTX reusable ?. (2) optional: in this case I would have to create a pool of CTX's. (3) how does the HMAC function do this ? does it create a CTX in the scope of the function call and destroy it ? Psuedocode and commentary will be useful.

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  • proper use of volatile keyword

    - by luke
    I think i have a pretty good idea about the volatile keyword in java, but i'm thinking about re-factoring some code and i thought it would be a good idea to use it. i have a class that is basically working as a DB Cache. it holds a bunch of objects that it has read from a database, serves requests for those objects, and then occasionally refreshes the database (based on a timeout). Heres the skeleton public class Cache { private HashMap mappings =....; private long last_update_time; private void loadMappingsFromDB() { //.... } private void checkLoad() { if(System.currentTimeMillis() - last_update_time > TIMEOUT) loadMappingsFromDB(); } public Data get(ID id) { checkLoad(); //.. look it up } } So the concern is that loadMappingsFromDB could be a high latency operation and thats not acceptable, So initially i thought that i could spin up a thread on cache startup and then just have it sleep and then update the cache in the background. But then i would need to synchronize my class (or the map). and then i would just be trading an occasional big pause for making every cache access slower. Then i thought why not use volatile i could define the map reference as volatile private volatile HashMap mappings =....; and then in get (or anywhere else that uses the mappings variable) i would just make a local copy of the reference: public Data get(ID id) { HashMap local = mappings; //.. look it up using local } and then the background thread would just load into a temp table and then swap the references in the class HashMap tmp; //load tmp from DB mappings = tmp;//swap variables forcing write barrier Does this approach make sense? and is it actually thread-safe?

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  • Is this code thread-safe?

    - by mafutrct
    I've got a class with several properties. On every value update, a Store method is called with stores all fields (in a file). private int _Prop1; public int Prop1 { get { return _Prop1; } set { _Prop1 = value; Store(); } } // more similar properties here... private XmlSerializer _Ser = new ...; private void Store() { lock (_Ser) { using (FileStream fs = new ...) { _Ser.Serialize (fs, this); } } } Is this design thread-safe? (Btw, if you can think of a more appropriate caption, feel free to edit.)

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  • C# threading a FolderBrowserDialog

    - by Marthin
    Hi, Im trying to use the FolderBrowserDialog to select a folder in C#. At first I got a Thread exception, so I googled what was wrong and fixed that but now im stuck at a nother problem. I whant to know when a folder has been selected. This is what i'v got right now. private void btnWorkingFolder_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { var t = new Thread(SelectFolder); t.IsBackground = true; t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); t.Start(); } private void SelectFolder() { FolderBrowserDialog dialog = new FolderBrowserDialog(); if (dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { txtWorkFolder.Text = dialog.SelectedPath; } } } The problem here is that i cant Set the Text for txtWorkingFolder since im not in the same thread. I dont want to change the thread for txtWorkingFolder, so my question is this, how do I change it's value from the new thread once the DialogResult.OK has been set? Thx for any help! /Marthin

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  • java and threads: very strange behaviour

    - by Derk
    private synchronized Map<Team, StandingRow> calculateStanding() { System.out.println("Calculate standing for group " + getName()); Map<Team, StandingRow> standing = new LinkedHashMap<Team, StandingRow>(); for (Team team : teams) { standing.put(team, new StandingRow(team)); } StandingRow homeTeamRow, awayTeamRow; for (Match match : matches.values()) { homeTeamRow = standing.get(match.getHomeTeam()); awayTeamRow = standing.get(match.getAwayTeam()); System.out.println("Contains key for " + match.getHomeTeam() + ": " + standing.containsKey(match.getHomeTeam())); System.out.println("Contains key for " + match.getAwayTeam() + ": " + standing.containsKey(match.getAwayTeam())); } } This is my code. matches contains 6 elements, but the problem is that after two matches no keys are anymore found in the standing map. The output is for example Contains key for Zuid-Afrika: true Contains key for Mexico: true Contains key for Uruguay: true Contains key for Frankrijk: true Contains key for Zuid-Afrika: false Contains key for Uruguay: false Contains key for Frankrijk: false Contains key for Mexico: false Contains key for Mexico: false Contains key for Uruguay: false Contains key for Frankrijk: false Contains key for Zuid-Afrika: false This is in a threaded environment, but the method is synchronized so I thought that this would not give a problem? I have also a simple unit test for this method and that works well.

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  • Variable lenght arguments in log4cxx LOG4CXX_ macros

    - by Horacio
    I am using log4cxx in a big C++ project but I really don't like how log4cxx handles multiple variables when logging: LOG4CXX_DEBUG(logger, "test " << var1 << " and " << var3 " and .....) I prefer using printf like variable length arguments: LOG4CXX_DEBUG(logger, "test %d and %d", var1, var3) So I implemented this small wrapper on top of log4cxx #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <log4cxx/logger.h> #include "log4cxx/basicconfigurator.h" const char * log_format(const char *fmt, ...); #define MYLOG_TRACE(logger, fmt, ...) LOG4CXX_TRACE(logger, log_format(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)) #define MYLOG_DEBUG(logger, fmt, ...) LOG4CXX_DEBUG(logger, log_format(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)) #define MYLOG_INFO(logger, fmt, ...) LOG4CXX_INFO(logger, log_format(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)) #define MYLOG_WARN(logger, fmt, ...) LOG4CXX_WARN(logger, log_format(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)) #define MYLOG_ERROR(logger, fmt, ...) LOG4CXX_ERROR(logger, log_format(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)) #define MYLOG_FATAL(logger, fmt, ...) LOG4CXX_FATAL(logger, log_format(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)) static log4cxx::LoggerPtr logger(log4cxx::Logger::getRootLogger()); int main(int argc, char **argv) { log4cxx::BasicConfigurator::configure(); MYLOG_INFO(logger, "Start "); MYLOG_WARN(logger, log_format("In running this in %d threads safe?", 1000)); MYLOG_INFO(logger, "End "); return 0; } const char *log_format(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list va; static char formatted[1024]; va_start(va, fmt); vsprintf(formatted, 1024, fmt, va); va_end(va); return formatted; } And this works perfectly but I know using that static variable (formatted) can become problematic if I start using threads and each thread logging to the same place. I am no expert in log4cxx so I was wondering if the LOG4CXX macros are handling concurrent thread access automatically? or do I have to implement some sort of locking around the log_format method? something that I wan't to avoid due to performance implications. Also I would like to ask why if I replace the vsprintf inside the log_format method with vsnprintf (that is more secure) then I get nothing printed? To compile and test this program (in Ubuntu) use : g++ -o loggertest loggertest.cpp -llog4cxx

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  • Ramifications of CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls=false

    - by Ron Skufca
    I recently updated an application from VS2003 to VS2008 and I knew I would be dealing with a host of "Cross-thread operation not valid: Control 'myControl' accessed from a thread other than the thread it was created on" I am handling this in what I beleive is the correct way (see code sample below). I am running into numerous controls that are going to need a similar fix. Not wanting to have similar code for every label, textbox etc.. that are being accessed by a non UI thread. What are the ramifications of just setting the CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false for the entire app? I found a CodeProject article with various workarounds and a warning at the bottom to NOT set the property. I am looking for other opinions/experiences on this issue. private void ShowStatus(string szStatus) { try { if (this.statusBar1.InvokeRequired) { BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate() { ShowStatus(szStatus); })); } else { statusBar1.Panels[0].Text = szStatus; } } catch (Exception ex) { LogStatus.WriteErrorLog(ex, "Error", "frmMNI.ShowStatus()"); } }

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  • VB.net: Is my Thread Safe List Solution actually safe?

    - by Shiftbit
    I've added teh following Extensions to my Project in order to create a thread safe list: Extensions If I want to conduct a simple operation on my list <Extension()> _ Public Sub Action(Of T)(ByVal list As List(Of T), ByVal action As Action(Of List(Of T))) SyncLock (list) action(list) End SyncLock End Sub If I want to pass it more than one parameter I could simply extend it with more items... <Extension()> _ Public Sub Action(Of T)(ByVal list As List(Of T), ByVal action As Action(Of List(Of T), T), ByVal item As T) SyncLock (list) Action(list, item) End SyncLock End Sub Actions I have created the following Action Examples: Private Sub Read(Of T)(ByVal list As List(Of T)) Console.WriteLine("Read") For Each item As T In list Console.WriteLine(item.ToString) Thread.Sleep(10) Next End Sub and also one that takes a parameter: Private Sub Write(Of T)(ByVal list As List(Of T), ByVal item As T) Thread.Sleep(100) list.Add(item) Console.WriteLine("Write") End Sub Initiating Then in my various threads I will call my Actions with: list.Action(AddressOf Read) or list.Action(AddressOf Write2, 10) Are these Extenxion methods thread safe or do you have other recommendations?

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  • Transactional isolation level needed for safely incrementing ids

    - by Knut Arne Vedaa
    I'm writing a small piece of software that is to insert records into a database used by a commercial application. The unique primary keys (ids) in the relevant table(s) are sequential, but does not seem to be set to "auto increment". Thus, I assume, I will have to find the largest id, increment it and use that value for the record I'm inserting. In pseudo-code for brevity: id = select max(id) from some_table id++ insert into some_table values(id, othervalues...) Now, if another thread started the same transaction before the first one finished its insert, you would get two identical ids and a failure when trying to insert the last one. You could check for that failure and retry, but a simpler solution might be setting an isolation level on the transaction. For this, would I need SERIALIZABLE or a lower level? Additionally, is this, generally, a sound way of solving the problem? Are the any other ways of doing it?

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  • Can NSTask safely be used outside the main thread?

    - by neoneye
    Yesterday I read somewhere that NSTask isn't thread safe and that bothers me a lot, because I'm running a NSTask within a NSThread and is so far not experiencing any threading issues with it. My code is organized like this A: main thread -> B: worker thread -> C: worker task C: The worker task is a commandline program. B: The worker thread can start/stop the worker task and send it commands. A: The main thread can send commands to the worker thread. If NSTask is supposed to be used only within the main thread, then I'm considering moving the NSTask start/stop code to the main thread, just to prevent possible threading issues. Can NSTask be used outside the main thread? And if not then what may be the threading issues with NSTask?

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  • What online brokers offer APIs?

    - by Wilco
    So I'm getting really sick of E*TRADE and, being a developer, would love to find an online broker that offers an API. It would be great to be able to write my own trading tools, and maybe even modify existing ones. Based on my research so far, I've only found one option. Interactive Brokers offers a multi-language API (Java/C++/ActiveX/DDE) and has some fairly decent commission rates to boot. I want to make sure there aren't any other options out there I should be considering. Any ideas? Update: Based on answers so far, here's a quick list... Interactive Brokers Java C++ ActiveX DDE for Excel Pinnacle Trading C++ Perl VB.NET Excel MB Trading

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  • which techonology is good for my online store?

    - by 5YrsLaterDBA
    I am thinking about build a online store for my wife to sale something. we need database for customer info and goods info. we also need shopping cart for customers to use. I have yrs java experience but no web experience (know a little about jsp and servlet). I am thinking using wicket and other java technologies plus MySQL to build it. but I am open to other options. I am willing to learn new things. what's your expert views? thanks,

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  • Setting current culture with threads in ASP.NET MVC

    - by mare
    Here's an example of SetCulture attribute which inside does something like this: public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { string cultureCode = SetCurrentLanguage(filterContext); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cultureCode)) return; HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add( new HttpCookie("Culture", cultureCode) { HttpOnly = true, Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(100) } ); filterContext.HttpContext.Session["Culture"] = cultureCode; CultureInfo culture = new CultureInfo(cultureCode); System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = culture; } I was wondering how does this affect a site with multiple users logged on and each one setting their own culture? What is the scope of a thread here with regards to the IIS worker process (w3wp) that the site is running in?

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  • Windows Form hangs when running threads

    - by Benjamin Ortuzar
    JI have written a .NET C# Windows Form app in Visual Studio 2008 that uses a Semaphore to run multiple jobs as threads when the Start button is pressed. It’s experiencing an issue where the Form goes into a comma after being run for 40 minutes or more. The log files indicate that the current jobs complete, it picks a new job from the list, and there it hangs. I have noticed that the Windows Form becomes unresponsive when this happens. The form is running in its own thread. This is a sample of the code I am using: protected void ProcessJobsWithStatus (Status status) { int maxJobThreads = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MaxJobThreads"]); Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(maxJobThreads, maxJobThreads); // Available=3; Capacity=3 int threadTimeOut = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ThreadSemaphoreWait"]);//in Seconds //gets a list of jobs from a DB Query. List<Job> jobList = jobQueue.GetJobsWithStatus(status); //we need to create a list of threads to check if they all have stopped. List<Thread> threadList = new List<Thread>(); if (jobList.Count > 0) { foreach (Job job in jobList) { logger.DebugFormat("Waiting green light for JobId: [{0}]", job.JobId.ToString()); if (!semaphore.WaitOne(threadTimeOut * 1000)) { logger.ErrorFormat("Semaphore Timeout. A thread did NOT complete in time[{0} seconds]. JobId: [{1}] will start", threadTimeOut, job.JobId.ToString()); } logger.DebugFormat("Acquired green light for JobId: [{0}]", job.JobId.ToString()); // Only N threads can get here at once job.semaphore = semaphore; ThreadStart threadStart = new ThreadStart(job.Process); Thread thread = new Thread(threadStart); thread.Name = job.JobId.ToString(); threadList.Add(thread); thread.Start(); } logger.Info("Waiting for all threads to complete"); //check that all threads have completed. foreach (Thread thread in threadList) { logger.DebugFormat("About to join thread(jobId): {0}", thread.Name); if (!thread.Join(threadTimeOut * 1000)) { logger.ErrorFormat("Thread did NOT complete in time[{0} seconds]. JobId: [{1}]", threadTimeOut, thread.Name); } else { logger.DebugFormat("Thread did complete in time. JobId: [{0}]", thread.Name); } } } logger.InfoFormat("Finished Processing Jobs in Queue with status [{0}]...", status); } //form methods private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { buttonStop.Enabled = true; buttonStart.Enabled = false; ThreadStart threadStart = new ThreadStart(DoWork); workerThread = new Thread(threadStart); serviceStarted = true; workerThread.Start(); } private void DoWork() { EmailAlert emailAlert = new EmailAlert (); // start an endless loop; loop will abort only when "serviceStarted" flag = false while (serviceStarted) { emailAlert.ProcessJobsWithStatus(0); // yield if (serviceStarted) { Thread.Sleep(new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)); } } // time to end the thread Thread.CurrentThread.Abort(); } //job.process() public void Process() { try { //sets the status, DateTimeStarted, and the processId this.UpdateStatus(Status.InProgress); //do something logger.Debug("Updating Status to [Completed]"); //hits, status,DateFinished this.UpdateStatus(Status.Completed); } catch (Exception e) { logger.Error("Exception: " + e.Message); this.UpdateStatus(Status.Error); } finally { logger.Debug("Relasing semaphore"); semaphore.Release(); } I have tried to log what I can into a file to detect where the problem is happening, but so far I haven't been able to identify where this happens. Losing control of the Windows Form makes me think that this has nothing to do with processing the jobs. Any ideas?

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  • Is this ruby code thread safe?

    - by Ben K.
    Is this code threadsafe? It seems like it should be, because @myvar will never be assigned from multiple threads (assuming block completes in < 1s). But do I need to be worried about a situation where the second block is trying to read @myvar as it's being written? require 'rubygems' require 'eventmachine' @myvar = Time.now.to_i EventMachine.run do EventMachine.add_periodic_timer(1) do EventMachine.defer do @myvar = Time.now.to_i # some calculation and reassign end end EventMachine.add_periodic_timer(0.5) do puts @myvar end end

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  • Is this a valid pattern for raising events in C#?

    - by Will Vousden
    Update: For the benefit of anyone reading this, since .NET 4, the lock is unnecessary due to changes in synchronization of auto-generated events, so I just use this now: public static void Raise<T>(this EventHandler<T> handler, object sender, T e) where T : EventArgs { if (handler != null) { handlerCopy(sender, e); } } And to raise it: SomeEvent.Raise(this, new FooEventArgs()); Having been reading one of Jon Skeet's articles on multithreading, I've tried to encapsulate the approach he advocates to raising an event in an extension method like so (with a similar generic version): public static void Raise(this EventHandler handler, object @lock, object sender, EventArgs e) { EventHandler handlerCopy; lock (@lock) { handlerCopy = handler; } if (handlerCopy != null) { handlerCopy(sender, e); } } This can then be called like so: protected virtual void OnSomeEvent(EventArgs e) { this.someEvent.Raise(this.eventLock, this, e); } Are there any problems with doing this? Also, I'm a little confused about the necessity of the lock in the first place. As I understand it, the delegate is copied in the example in the article to avoid the possibility of it changing (and becoming null) between the null check and the delegate call. However, I was under the impression that access/assignment of this kind is atomic, so why is the lock necessary? Update: With regards to Mark Simpson's comment below, I threw together a test: static class Program { private static Action foo; private static Action bar; private static Action test; static void Main(string[] args) { foo = () => Console.WriteLine("Foo"); bar = () => Console.WriteLine("Bar"); test += foo; test += bar; test.Test(); Console.ReadKey(true); } public static void Test(this Action action) { action(); test -= foo; Console.WriteLine(); action(); } } This outputs: Foo Bar Foo Bar This illustrates that the delegate parameter to the method (action) does not mirror the argument that was passed into it (test), which is kind of expected, I guess. My question is will this affect the validity of the lock in the context of my Raise extension method? Update: Here is the code I'm now using. It's not quite as elegant as I'd have liked, but it seems to work: public static void Raise<T>(this object sender, ref EventHandler<T> handler, object eventLock, T e) where T : EventArgs { EventHandler<T> copy; lock (eventLock) { copy = handler; } if (copy != null) { copy(sender, e); } }

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