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  • How large a role does subjectiveness play in programming?

    - by Bob
    I often read about the importance of readability and maintainability. Or, I read very strong opinions about which syntax features are bad or good. Or discussions about the values of certain paradigms, like OOP. Aside from that, this same question floats about in my mind whenever I read debates on SO or Meta about subjective questions. Or read questions about best practices and sometimes find myself or others disagreeing. What role does subjectiveness play within the programming realm? Sometimes I think it plays a large role. Software developers are engineers in a way, but also people. A large part of programming is dealing with code that's human readable. This is very different from Math or Physics or other disciplines with very exact and structured rules. Here the exact structure and rules are largely up in the air, changeable on a whim, and hence the amount of languages in existence. And one person may find one language very readable, and another person may find their own language the most comforting. The same with practices. One person may not like certain accepted practices. I myself find splitting classes into different files very unreadable, for instance. But, I can't say rules haven't helped in general. Certain practices have and do make life easier. And new languages have given rise to syntax and structure that make life easier. There's certainly been a progression towards code that is easier to read and maintain even given a largely diverse group of people. So maybe these things aren't as subjective as I thought. It reminds me, in a way, of UI design. Certainly it's subjective, but then there's an entire discipline involved in crafting good UI and it tends to work. Is there something non-subjective about the ideas behind maintainability, readability, and other best practices? Is there something tangible to grasp when one develops a new language or thinks of new practices?

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  • using mod-rewrite to redirect requests for jquery.js to GoogleAPI cache

    - by Aditya Advani
    Hi All, Our Linux server with Apache 2.x, Plesk 8.x hosts a number of e-commerce websites. To take advantage of browser caching we would like to use Google's provided copy of jquery.js. Hence in the vhost.conf file of each we can use the following RewriteRule RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} jquery.min.js [nc] RewriteRule . http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4/jquery.min.js [L] And in vhost_ssl.conf RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} jquery.min.js [nc] RewriteRule . https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4/jquery.min.js [L] OK now these rules work fine in the individual vhost.conf files of each domain. However we host over 200 domains, I would like for them to work but cannot seem to get them to work globally in the httpd.conf file. Challenges are the following: Get the rewriterule to work in httpd.conf Detect if HTTPS is on, and if it is and the is is a secure page, rewrite to ... Each individual domain will still have it's own custom mod-rewrite rules. Which rules take precedence - global or per-domain? Do they combine? Is it ok if I have the "RewriteEngine On" directive in the global httpd.conf and then again in the vhost.conf? Please let me know what your guys' suggestions are. Desperate for a solution to this problem.

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  • Coldbox Security Interceptor

    - by faheem
    Hi I am new to coldbox and working on a guestbook messaging forum. does anyone know how I can apply some rule in coldbox to show edit and delete for specified users of admin or user in the edit page. I am not sure how to specify this as I already have my rules here as shown in securityRules.xml: SecurityRules.XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Declare as many rule elements as you want, order is important Remember that the securelist can contain a list of regular expression if you want ex: All events in the user handler user\..* ex: All events .* ex: All events that start with admin ^admin If you are not using regular expression, just write the text that can be found in an event. <whitelist>ehSecurity\.dspLogin,ehSecurity\.doLogin,ehSecurity\.dspLogoff</whitelist> --> <rules> <rule> <whitelist>^entries,ehSecurity\..*,registry\..*</whitelist> <securelist></securelist> <roles>admin</roles> <permissions>read,write</permissions> <redirect>ehSecurity.dspLogin</redirect> </rule> <rule> <whitelist>^entries,ehSecurity\..*,main\..*,^registry</whitelist> <securelist></securelist> <roles>author,admin</roles> <permissions>read</permissions> <redirect>ehSecurity.dspLogin</redirect> </rule> </rules>

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  • Strategy for locale sensitive sort with pagination

    - by Thom Birkeland
    Hi, I work on an application that is deployed on the web. Part of the app is search functions where the result is presented in a sorted list. The application targets users in several countries using different locales (= sorting rules). I need to find a solution for sorting correctly for all users. I currently sort with ORDER BY in my SQL query, so the sorting is done according to the locale (or LC_LOCATE) set for the database. These rules are incorrect for those users with a locale different than the one set for the database. Also, to further complicate the issue, I use pagination in the application, so when I query the database I ask for rows 1 - 15, 16 - 30, etc. depending on the page I need. However, since the sorting is wrong, each page contains entries that are incorrectly sorted. In a worst case scenario, the entire result set for a given page could be out of order, depending on the locale/sorting rules of the current user. If I were to sort in (server side) code, I need to retrieve all rows from the database and then sort. This results in a tremendous performance hit given the amount of data. Thus I would like to avoid this. Does anyone have a strategy (or even technical solution) for attacking this problem that will result in correctly sorted lists without having to take the performance hit of loading all data? Tech details: The database is PostgreSQL 8.3, the application an EJB3 app using EJB QL for data query, running on JBoss 4.5.

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  • Help with jQuery Validation plugin and a form that uses 'panels'

    - by alex
    I have a form that works in 'sections' that I will refer to as 'panels'. By default, the form is listed out on the page, one panel after the other. However, with JavaScript, it puts the panels into one panel viewer, and displays them one after the other (with prev/next buttons). Example Form Workflow Panel 1: User Details - Panel 2: User Location - Panel 3: User Info - Panel 4: Confirm Details I am using the jQuery Validation plugin. My problem is, I have set up all the rules for all the inputs in the first 3 panels, and I'd like to be able to only validate a subset of them per panel. Example, when pushing 'next panel' after completing name & email (in the 1st, user details panel), I'd like to do a validation only on that panel first, and then get a boolean response (if the 1st panel validated), and if true, then proceed to the next panel. I've played around with a bit of the config, but unfortunately could not get it to work as I wanted. This is my first project with this plugin so I'm quite new to it! Is there a way to add rules dynamically to the plugin? i.e. not on $('form').validate(options) ? What I'd like to do, is call the validate() on the form, with all the error messages, and then on the 'next panel' code, do a switch case to determine which rules to add, and then call a validate() myself.

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  • What's the recommended implementation for hashing OLE Variants?

    - by Barry Kelly
    OLE Variants, as used by older versions of Visual Basic and pervasively in COM Automation, can store lots of different types: basic types like integers and floats, more complicated types like strings and arrays, and all the way up to IDispatch implementations and pointers in the form of ByRef variants. Variants are also weakly typed: they convert the value to another type without warning depending on which operator you apply and what the current types are of the values passed to the operator. For example, comparing two variants, one containing the integer 1 and another containing the string "1", for equality will return True. So assuming that I'm working with variants at the underlying data level (e.g. VARIANT in C++ or TVarData in Delphi - i.e. the big union of different possible values), how should I hash variants consistently so that they obey the right rules? Rules: Variants that hash unequally should compare as unequal, both in sorting and direct equality Variants that compare as equal for both sorting and direct equality should hash as equal It's OK if I have to use different sorting and direct comparison rules in order to make the hashing fit. The way I'm currently working is I'm normalizing the variants to strings (if they fit), and treating them as strings, otherwise I'm working with the variant data as if it was an opaque blob, and hashing and comparing its raw bytes. That has some limitations, of course: numbers 1..10 sort as [1, 10, 2, ... 9] etc. This is mildly annoying, but it is consistent and it is very little work. However, I do wonder if there is an accepted practice for this problem.

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  • What does it mean to double license?

    - by Adrian Panasiuk
    What does it mean to double license code? I can't just put both licenses in the source files. That would mean that I mandate users to follow the rules of both of them, but the licenses will probably be contradictory (otherwise there'd be no reason to double license). I guess this is something like in cryptographic chaining, cipher = crypt_2(crypt_1(clear)) (generally) means, that cipher is neither the output of crypt_2 on clear nor the output of crypt_1 on clear. It's the output of the composition. Likewise, in double-licensing, in reality my code has one license, it's just that this new license says please follow all of the rules of license1, or all of the rules of license2, and you are hereby granted the right to redistribute this application under this "double" license, license1 or license2, or any license under which license1 or license2 allow you to redistribute this software, in which case you shall replace the relevant licensing information in this application with that of the new license. (Does this mean that before someone may use the app under license1, he has to perform the operation of redistributing to self? How would he document the fact that he did that operation?) Am I correct. What LICENSE file and what text to put in the source files would I need if I wanted to double license on, for the sake of example, Apachev2 and GPLv3 ?

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  • Best practice to structure large html-based project

    - by AntonAL
    I develop Rails based website, enjoying using partials for some common "components" Recently, i faced a problem, that states with CSS interference. Styles for one component (described in css) override styles for another components. For example, one component has ... <ul class="items"> ... and another component has it too. But that ul's has different meaning in these two components. On the other hand, i want to "inherit" some styles for one component from another. For example: Let, we have one component, called "post" <div class="post"> <!-- post's stuff --> <ul class="items"> ... </ul> </div And another component, called "new-post": <div class="new-post"> <!-- post's stuff --> <ul class="items"> ... </ul> <!-- new-post's stuff --> <div class="tools">...</div> </div Post and new-post have something similar ("post's stuff") and i want to make CSS rules to handle both "post" and "new-post" New post has "subcomponents", for example - editing tools, that has also: <ul class="items"> This is where CSS rules starting to interfer - some rules, targeted for ul.items (in post and new-post) applies subcomponent of new-post, called "tools" On the one hand - i want to inherit some styles On the other hand, i want to get better incapsulation What are the best practices, to avoid such kind of problems ?

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  • ModRewrite weird redirect behavior on removing WWW

    - by vitto
    Hi, I'm trying to use some rule on my project to remove www from the beginning of the URL but I've some problem. my server structure is: domain.com/beta_folder domain.com/beta_folder/page+type domain.com/beta_folder/page+type/content+name domain.com/beta_folder/page+type/content+name/edit domain.com/beta_folder/page+type/content+name/etc. domain.com/beta_folder/.htaccess //here is where my htaccess is beta_folder is the site folder, and content+name are content vars, created to retrieve pages from the database. the site works perfect with this rules RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^(page\+type/)([a-zA-Z0-9_+-]+)[/]?$ page_folder/page.php?varname=$2 My intention was to remove www, so I've added this rule but it isn't effective RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain.com$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.com$1 [R=301,L] RewriteRule ^(page\+type/)([a-zA-Z0-9_+-]+)[/]?$ page_folder/page.php?varname=$2 My problem starts if I digit www in front of my domain name: this works http://domain.com/beta_folder/page+type/content+name if i write http://www.domain.com/beta_folder/page+type/content+name the rewrite rule redirect me at http://www.domain.compage+type/content+name if i remove the www rules, the problem still active unfortunately, I can't make a public test for my domain basically, if I write http://www.domain.com/beta_folder the rules sends me to http://domain.com/ where I'm wrong?

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  • Apache redirection problem!!!!

    - by vikas
    Hi guys, I am setting up a pre-built website built in php. The site was actually hosted on the linux server. Now I am trying to set it up on a Window machine with WAMP server. In this website almost every page request passes through a particular file called redirect(which is basically a php file without extension). Now the problem is that when I inspected the configuration(httpd.conf, apache.conf,.htaccess, vhost.conf etc) of the apache server on the linux machine, I nowhere found the redirect rules for doing so. Neither mod_rewrite nor mod_alias rules for this redirection were found there. But is still redirects the request properly. I also noticed that Zend Framework library is there in the exact same directory where the redirect file is. This library is included in the include_path in php.ini. However, the web site is still not developed using Zend MVC and I have seen NO proof of ZEND being used there. So I am really confused how this redirection is working there? I am unable to set up this on window machine without rewrite rules of mod_rewrite or mod_alias. Do you guys know any alternative of both the said modules for redirection? I know the site is really weird, but i have to set it up. :) Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • [C#] how to do Exception Handling & Tracing

    - by shrimpy
    Hi all, i am reading some C# books, and got some exercise don't know how to do, or not sure what does the question mean. Problem: After working for a company for some time, your skills as a knowledgeable developer are recognized, and you are given the task of “policing” the implementation of exception handling and tracing in the source code (C#) for an enterprise application that is under constant incremental development. The two goals set by the product architect are: 100% of methods in the entire application must have at least a standard exception handler, using try/catch/finally blocks; more complex methods must also have additional exception handling for specific exceptions All control flow code can optionally write “tracing” information to assist in debugging and instrumentation of the application at run-time in situations where traditional debuggers are not available (eg. on staging and production servers). (i am not quite understand these criterias, i came from the java world, java has two kind of exception, check and unchecked exception. Developer must handle checked exception, and do logging. about unchecked exception, still do logging maybe, but most of the time we just throw it. however here comes to C#, what should i do????) Question for Problem: List rules you would create for the development team to follow, and the ways in which you would enforce rules, to achieve these goals. How would you go about ensuring that all existing code complies with the rules specified by the product architect; in particular, what considerations would impact your planning for the work to ensure all existing code complies?

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  • Is this a good starting point for iptables in Linux?

    - by sbrattla
    Hi, I'm new to iptables, and i've been trying to put together a firewall which purpose is to protect a web server. The below rules are the ones i've put together so far, and i would like to hear if the rules makes sense - and wether i've left out anything essential? In addition to port 80, i also need to have port 3306 (mysql) and 22 (ssh) open for external connections. Any feedback is highly appreciated! #!/bin/sh # Clear all existing rules. iptables -F # ACCEPT connections for loopback network connection, 127.0.0.1. iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # ALLOW established traffic iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # DROP packets that are NEW but does not have the SYN but set. iptables -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # DROP fragmented packets, as there is no way to tell the source and destination ports of such a packet. iptables -A INPUT -f -j DROP # DROP packets with all tcp flags set (XMAS packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # DROP packets with no tcp flags set (NULL packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # ALLOW ssh traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -m limit --limit 1/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW http traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport http -m limit --limit 5/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW mysql traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport mysql -m limit --limit 25/s -j ACCEPT # DROP any other traffic. iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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  • Learn Prolog Now! DCG Practice Example

    - by Timothy
    I have been progressing through Learn Prolog Now! as self-study and am now learning about Definite Clause Grammars. I am having some difficulty with one of the Practical Session's tasks. The task reads: The formal language anb2mc2mdn consists of all strings of the following form: an unbroken block of as followed by an unbroken block of bs followed by an unbroken block of cs followed by an unbroken block of ds, such that the a and d blocks are exactly the same length, and the c and d blocks are also exactly the same length and furthermore consist of an even number of cs and ds respectively. For example, ε, abbccd, and aaabbbbccccddd all belong to anb2mc2mdn. Write a DCG that generates this language. I am able to write rules that generate andn, b2mc2m, and even anb2m and c2mndn... but I can't seem to join all these rules into anb2mc2mdn. The following are my rules that can generate andn and b2mc2m. s1 --> []. s1 --> a,s1,d. a --> [a]. d --> [d]. s2 --> []. s2 --> c,c,s2,d,d. c --> [c]. d --> [d]. Is anb2mc2mdn really a CFG, and is it possible to write a DCG using only what was taught in the lesson (no additional arguments or code, etc)? If so, can anyone offer me some guidance how I can join these so that I can solve the given task?

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  • How to Set up Virtual Static Subdomain

    - by Chip D
    Given current rewrite rules at http://www.example.com/: Options +FollowSymlinks +Includes RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com [NC] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$ RewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R,NE] # Remove all "index.html"s. RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} \ /(.+/)?index\.html(\?.*)?\ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.+/)?index\.html$ /%1 [R=301,L] # Remove all "index.php"s. RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} \ /(.+/)?index\.php(\?.*)?\ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.+/)?index\.php$ /%1 [R=301,L] I'm attempting to serve some site assets (.png|.ico|.jpg|.gif|.css|.js) from a static subdomain like http://static.example.com which my Apache 1.3 shared host (GoDaddy) has mapped to a subdirectory for file management (http://www.example.com/static/). Currently these assets live in same-site subdirectories such as images/, js/, css/, etc. (1) Something...maybe the "+www" rewrite rule?...is not letting me access the subdomain. Is this likely caused by my rewrite rules above, or do I need to set up DNS changes with the host to enable access to the subdirectory, in addition to changing the rewrite rules? (2) Do I have to move those assets to that subdirectory and change all references sitewide? Would that perform the fastest? (3) Or can .htaccess make this much easier? (4) Should my first rewrite rule above include L,R=301,NE instead of [L,R,NE]?

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  • Unobstrusive pseudo-classes and attribute selectors emulation in IE

    - by Álvaro G. Vicario
    I'm trying to emulate some pseudo-classes and attribute selectors in Internet Explorer 6 and 7, such as :focus, :hover or [type=text]. So far, I've managed to add a class name to the affected elements: $("input, textarea, select") .hover(function(){ $(this).addClass("hover"); }, function(){ $(this).removeClass("hover"); }) .focus(function(){ $(this).addClass("focus"); }) .blur(function(){ $(this).removeClass("focus"); }); $("input[type=text]").each(function(){ $(this).addClass("text"); }); However, I'm still forced to duplicate selector in my style sheets: textarea:focus, textarea.focus{ } And, to make things worse, IE6 seems to ignore all the selectors when it finds an attribute: input[type=text], input.text{ /* IE6 ignores this */ } And, of course, IE6 ignores selectors with multiple classes: input.text.focus{ /* IE6 ignores this */ } So I'm likely to end up with this mess: input[type=text]{ /* Rules here */ } input.text{ /* Same rules again */ } input[type=text]:focus{ } input.text_and_focus{ } input.text_and_hover{ } input.text_and_focus_and_hover{ } My question: is there any way to read the rules or computed style defined for a CSS selector and apply it to certain elements, so I only need to maintain one set of standard CSS?

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  • ReplaceAll not working as expected

    - by Tim Kemp
    Still early days with Mathematica so please forgive what is probably a very obvious question. I am trying to generate some parametric plots. I have: ParametricPlot[{ (a + b) Cos[t] - h Cos[(a + b)/b t], (a + b) Sin[t] - h Sin[(a + b)/b t]}, {t, 0, 2 \[Pi]}, PlotRange -> All] /. {a -> 2, b -> 1, h -> 1} No joy: the replacement rules are not applied and a, b and h remain undefined. If I instead do: Hold@ParametricPlot[{ (a + b) Cos[t] - h Cos[(a + b)/b t], (a + b) Sin[t] - h Sin[(a + b)/b t]}, {t, 0, 2 \[Pi]}, PlotRange -> All] /. {a -> 2, b -> 1, h -> 1} it looks like the rules ARE working, as confirmed by the output: Hold[ParametricPlot[{(2 + 1) Cos[t] - 1 Cos[(2 + 1) t], (2 + 1) Sin[t] - 1 Sin[(2 + 1) t]}, {t, 0, 2 \[Pi]}, PlotRange -> All]] Which is what I'd expect. Take the Hold off, though, and the ParametricPlot doesn't work. There's nothing wrong with the equations or the ParametricPlot itself, though, because I tried setting values for a, b and h in a separate expression (a=2; b=1; h=1) and I get my pretty double cardoid out as expected. So, what am I doing wrong with ReplaceAll and why are the transformation rules not working? This is another fundamentally important aspect of MMA that my OOP-ruined brain isn't understanding. I tried reading up on ReplaceAll and ParametricPlot and the closest clue I found was that "ParametricPlot has attribute HoldAll and evaluates f only after assigning specific numerical values to variables" which didn't help much or I wouldn't be here. Thanks.

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  • Python: Trouble with YACC

    - by Rosarch
    I'm parsing sentences like: "CS 2310 or equivalent experience" The desired output: [[("CS", 2310)], ["equivalent experience"]] YACC tokenizer symbols: tokens = [ 'DEPT_CODE', 'COURSE_NUMBER', 'OR_CONJ', 'MISC_TEXT', ] t_DEPT_CODE = r'[A-Z]{2,}' t_COURSE_NUMBER = r'[0-9]{4}' t_OR_CONJ = r'or' t_ignore = ' \t' terms = {'DEPT_CODE': t_DEPT_CODE, 'COURSE_NUMBER': t_COURSE_NUMBER, 'OR_CONJ': t_OR_CONJ} for name, regex in terms.items(): terms[name] = "^%s$" % regex def t_MISC_TEXT(t): r'\S+' for name, regex in terms.items(): # print "trying to match %s with regex %s" % (t.value, regex) if re.match(regex, t.value): t.type = name return t return t (MISC_TEXT is meant to match anything not caught by the other terms.) Some relevant rules from the parser: precedence = ( ('left', 'MISC_TEXT'), ) def p_statement_course_data(p): 'statement : course_data' p[0] = p[1] def p_course_data(p): 'course_data : course' p[0] = p[1] def p_course(p): 'course : DEPT_CODE COURSE_NUMBER' p[0] = make_course(p[1], int(p[2])) def p_or_phrase(p): 'or_phrase : statement OR_CONJ statement' p[0] = [[p[1]], [p[3]]] def p_misc_text(p): '''text_aggregate : MISC_TEXT MISC_TEXT | MISC_TEXT text_aggregate | text_aggregate MISC_TEXT ''' p[0] = "%s %s" % (p[0], [1]) def p_text_aggregate_statement(p): 'statement : text_aggregate' p[0] = p[1] Unfortunately, this fails: # works as it should >>> token_list("CS 2110 or equivalent experience") [LexToken(DEPT_CODE,'CS',1,0), LexToken(COURSE_NUMBER,'2110',1,3), LexToken(OR_CONJ,'or',1,8), LexToken(MISC_TEXT,'equivalent',1,11), LexToken(MISC_TEXT,'experience',1,22)] # fails. bummer. >>> parser.parse("CS 2110 or equivalent experience") Syntax error in input: LexToken(MISC_TEXT,'equivalent',1,11) What am I doing wrong? I don't fully understand how to set precedence rules. Also, this is my error function: def p_error(p): print "Syntax error in input: %s" % p Is there a way to see which rule the parser was trying when it failed? Or some other way to make the parser print which rules its trying?

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  • Guidance: A Branching strategy for Scrum Teams

    - by Martin Hinshelwood
    Having a good branching strategy will save your bacon, or at least your code. Be careful when deviating from your branching strategy because if you do, you may be worse off than when you started! This is one possible branching strategy for Scrum teams and I will not be going in depth with Scrum but you can find out more about Scrum by reading the Scrum Guide and you can even assess your Scrum knowledge by having a go at the Scrum Open Assessment. You can also read SSW’s Rules to Better Scrum using TFS which have been developed during our own Scrum implementations. Acknowledgements Bill Heys – Bill offered some good feedback on this post and helped soften the language. Note: Bill is a VS ALM Ranger and co-wrote the Branching Guidance for TFS 2010 Willy-Peter Schaub – Willy-Peter is an ex Visual Studio ALM MVP turned blue badge and has been involved in most of the guidance including the Branching Guidance for TFS 2010 Chris Birmele – Chris wrote some of the early TFS Branching and Merging Guidance. Dr Paul Neumeyer, Ph.D Parallel Processes, ScrumMaster and SSW Solution Architect – Paul wanted to have feature branches coming from the release branch as well. We agreed that this is really a spin-off that needs own project, backlog, budget and Team. Scenario: A product is developed RTM 1.0 is released and gets great sales.  Extra features are demanded but the new version will have double to price to pay to recover costs, work is approved by the guys with budget and a few sprints later RTM 2.0 is released.  Sales a very low due to the pricing strategy. There are lots of clients on RTM 1.0 calling out for patches. As I keep getting Reverse Integration and Forward Integration mixed up and Bill keeps slapping my wrists I thought I should have a reminder: You still seemed to use reverse and/or forward integration in the wrong context. I would recommend reviewing your document at the end to ensure that it agrees with the common understanding of these terms merge (forward integration) from parent to child (same direction as the branch), and merge  (reverse integration) from child to parent (the reverse direction of the branch). - one of my many slaps on the wrist from Bill Heys.   As I mentioned previously we are using a single feature branching strategy in our current project. The single biggest mistake developers make is developing against the “Main” or “Trunk” line. This ultimately leads to messy code as things are added and never finished. Your only alternative is to NEVER check in unless your code is 100%, but this does not work in practice, even with a single developer. Your ADD will kick in and your half-finished code will be finished enough to pass the build and the tests. You do use builds don’t you? Sadly, this is a very common scenario and I have had people argue that branching merely adds complexity. Then again I have seen the other side of the universe ... branching  structures from he... We should somehow convince everyone that there is a happy between no-branching and too-much-branching. - Willy-Peter Schaub, VS ALM Ranger, Microsoft   A key benefit of branching for development is to isolate changes from the stable Main branch. Branching adds sanity more than it adds complexity. We do try to stress in our guidance that it is important to justify a branch, by doing a cost benefit analysis. The primary cost is the effort to do merges and resolve conflicts. A key benefit is that you have a stable code base in Main and accept changes into Main only after they pass quality gates, etc. - Bill Heys, VS ALM Ranger & TFS Branching Lead, Microsoft The second biggest mistake developers make is branching anything other than the WHOLE “Main” line. If you branch parts of your code and not others it gets out of sync and can make integration a nightmare. You should have your Source, Assets, Build scripts deployment scripts and dependencies inside the “Main” folder and branch the whole thing. Some departments within MSFT even go as far as to add the environments used to develop the product in there as well; although I would not recommend that unless you have a massive SQL cluster to house your source code. We tried the “add environment” back in South-Africa and while it was “phenomenal”, especially when having to switch between environments, the disk storage and processing requirements killed us. We opted for virtualization to skin this cat of keeping a ready-to-go environment handy. - Willy-Peter Schaub, VS ALM Ranger, Microsoft   I think people often think that you should have separate branches for separate environments (e.g. Dev, Test, Integration Test, QA, etc.). I prefer to think of deploying to environments (such as from Main to QA) rather than branching for QA). - Bill Heys, VS ALM Ranger & TFS Branching Lead, Microsoft   You can read about SSW’s Rules to better Source Control for some additional information on what Source Control to use and how to use it. There are also a number of branching Anti-Patterns that should be avoided at all costs: You know you are on the wrong track if you experience one or more of the following symptoms in your development environment: Merge Paranoia—avoiding merging at all cost, usually because of a fear of the consequences. Merge Mania—spending too much time merging software assets instead of developing them. Big Bang Merge—deferring branch merging to the end of the development effort and attempting to merge all branches simultaneously. Never-Ending Merge—continuous merging activity because there is always more to merge. Wrong-Way Merge—merging a software asset version with an earlier version. Branch Mania—creating many branches for no apparent reason. Cascading Branches—branching but never merging back to the main line. Mysterious Branches—branching for no apparent reason. Temporary Branches—branching for changing reasons, so the branch becomes a permanent temporary workspace. Volatile Branches—branching with unstable software assets shared by other branches or merged into another branch. Note   Branches are volatile most of the time while they exist as independent branches. That is the point of having them. The difference is that you should not share or merge branches while they are in an unstable state. Development Freeze—stopping all development activities while branching, merging, and building new base lines. Berlin Wall—using branches to divide the development team members, instead of dividing the work they are performing. -Branching and Merging Primer by Chris Birmele - Developer Tools Technical Specialist at Microsoft Pty Ltd in Australia   In fact, this can result in a merge exercise no-one wants to be involved in, merging hundreds of thousands of change sets and trying to get a consolidated build. Again, we need to find a happy medium. - Willy-Peter Schaub on Merge Paranoia Merge conflicts are generally the result of making changes to the same file in both the target and source branch. If you create merge conflicts, you will eventually need to resolve them. Often the resolution is manual. Merging more frequently allows you to resolve these conflicts close to when they happen, making the resolution clearer. Waiting weeks or months to resolve them, the Big Bang approach, means you are more likely to resolve conflicts incorrectly. - Bill Heys, VS ALM Ranger & TFS Branching Lead, Microsoft   Figure: Main line, this is where your stable code lives and where any build has known entities, always passes and has a happy test that passes as well? Many development projects consist of, a single “Main” line of source and artifacts. This is good; at least there is source control . There are however a couple of issues that need to be considered. What happens if: you and your team are working on a new set of features and the customer wants a change to his current version? you are working on two features and the customer decides to abandon one of them? you have two teams working on different feature sets and their changes start interfering with each other? I just use labels instead of branches? That's a lot of “what if’s”, but there is a simple way of preventing this. Branching… In TFS, labels are not immutable. This does not mean they are not useful. But labels do not provide a very good development isolation mechanism. Branching allows separate code sets to evolve separately (e.g. Current with hotfixes, and vNext with new development). I don’t see how labels work here. - Bill Heys, VS ALM Ranger & TFS Branching Lead, Microsoft   Figure: Creating a single feature branch means you can isolate the development work on that branch.   Its standard practice for large projects with lots of developers to use Feature branching and you can check the Branching Guidance for the latest recommendations from the Visual Studio ALM Rangers for other methods. In the diagram above you can see my recommendation for branching when using Scrum development with TFS 2010. It consists of a single Sprint branch to contain all the changes for the current sprint. The main branch has the permissions changes so contributors to the project can only Branch and Merge with “Main”. This will prevent accidental check-ins or checkouts of the “Main” line that would contaminate the code. The developers continue to develop on sprint one until the completion of the sprint. Note: In the real world, starting a new Greenfield project, this process starts at Sprint 2 as at the start of Sprint 1 you would have artifacts in version control and no need for isolation.   Figure: Once the sprint is complete the Sprint 1 code can then be merged back into the Main line. There are always good practices to follow, and one is to always do a Forward Integration from Main into Sprint 1 before you do a Reverse Integration from Sprint 1 back into Main. In this case it may seem superfluous, but this builds good muscle memory into your developer’s work ethic and means that no bad habits are learned that would interfere with additional Scrum Teams being added to the Product. The process of completing your sprint development: The Team completes their work according to their definition of done. Merge from “Main” into “Sprint1” (Forward Integration) Stabilize your code with any changes coming from other Scrum Teams working on the same product. If you have one Scrum Team this should be quick, but there may have been bug fixes in the Release branches. (we will talk about release branches later) Merge from “Sprint1” into “Main” to commit your changes. (Reverse Integration) Check-in Delete the Sprint1 branch Note: The Sprint 1 branch is no longer required as its useful life has been concluded. Check-in Done But you are not yet done with the Sprint. The goal in Scrum is to have a “potentially shippable product” at the end of every Sprint, and we do not have that yet, we only have finished code.   Figure: With Sprint 1 merged you can create a Release branch and run your final packaging and testing In 99% of all projects I have been involved in or watched, a “shippable product” only happens towards the end of the overall lifecycle, especially when sprints are short. The in-between releases are great demonstration releases, but not shippable. Perhaps it comes from my 80’s brain washing that we only ship when we reach the agreed quality and business feature bar. - Willy-Peter Schaub, VS ALM Ranger, Microsoft Although you should have been testing and packaging your code all the way through your Sprint 1 development, preferably using an automated process, you still need to test and package with stable unchanging code. This is where you do what at SSW we call a “Test Please”. This is first an internal test of the product to make sure it meets the needs of the customer and you generally use a resource external to your Team. Then a “Test Please” is conducted with the Product Owner to make sure he is happy with the output. You can read about how to conduct a Test Please on our Rules to Successful Projects: Do you conduct an internal "test please" prior to releasing a version to a client?   Figure: If you find a deviation from the expected result you fix it on the Release branch. If during your final testing or your “Test Please” you find there are issues or bugs then you should fix them on the release branch. If you can’t fix them within the time box of your Sprint, then you will need to create a Bug and put it onto the backlog for prioritization by the Product owner. Make sure you leave plenty of time between your merge from the development branch to find and fix any problems that are uncovered. This process is commonly called Stabilization and should always be conducted once you have completed all of your User Stories and integrated all of your branches. Even once you have stabilized and released, you should not delete the release branch as you would with the Sprint branch. It has a usefulness for servicing that may extend well beyond the limited life you expect of it. Note: Don't get forced by the business into adding features into a Release branch instead that indicates the unspoken requirement is that they are asking for a product spin-off. In this case you can create a new Team Project and branch from the required Release branch to create a new Main branch for that product. And you create a whole new backlog to work from.   Figure: When the Team decides it is happy with the product you can create a RTM branch. Once you have fixed all the bugs you can, and added any you can’t to the Product Backlog, and you Team is happy with the result you can create a Release. This would consist of doing the final Build and Packaging it up ready for your Sprint Review meeting. You would then create a read-only branch that represents the code you “shipped”. This is really an Audit trail branch that is optional, but is good practice. You could use a Label, but Labels are not Auditable and if a dispute was raised by the customer you can produce a verifiable version of the source code for an independent party to check. Rare I know, but you do not want to be at the wrong end of a legal battle. Like the Release branch the RTM branch should never be deleted, or only deleted according to your companies legal policy, which in the UK is usually 7 years.   Figure: If you have made any changes in the Release you will need to merge back up to Main in order to finalise the changes. Nothing is really ever done until it is in Main. The same rules apply when merging any fixes in the Release branch back into Main and you should do a reverse merge before a forward merge, again for the muscle memory more than necessity at this stage. Your Sprint is now nearly complete, and you can have a Sprint Review meeting knowing that you have made every effort and taken every precaution to protect your customer’s investment. Note: In order to really achieve protection for both you and your client you would add Automated Builds, Automated Tests, Automated Acceptance tests, Acceptance test tracking, Unit Tests, Load tests, Web test and all the other good engineering practices that help produce reliable software.     Figure: After the Sprint Planning meeting the process begins again. Where the Sprint Review and Retrospective meetings mark the end of the Sprint, the Sprint Planning meeting marks the beginning. After you have completed your Sprint Planning and you know what you are trying to achieve in Sprint 2 you can create your new Branch to develop in. How do we handle a bug(s) in production that can’t wait? Although in Scrum the only work done should be on the backlog there should be a little buffer added to the Sprint Planning for contingencies. One of these contingencies is a bug in the current release that can’t wait for the Sprint to finish. But how do you handle that? Willy-Peter Schaub asked an excellent question on the release activities: In reality Sprint 2 starts when sprint 1 ends + weekend. Should we not cater for a possible parallelism between Sprint 2 and the release activities of sprint 1? It would introduce FI’s from main to sprint 2, I guess. Your “Figure: Merging print 2 back into Main.” covers, what I tend to believe to be reality in most cases. - Willy-Peter Schaub, VS ALM Ranger, Microsoft I agree, and if you have a single Scrum team then your resources are limited. The Scrum Team is responsible for packaging and release, so at least one run at stabilization, package and release should be included in the Sprint time box. If more are needed on the current production release during the Sprint 2 time box then resource needs to be pulled from Sprint 2. The Product Owner and the Team have four choices (in order of disruption/cost): Backlog: Add the bug to the backlog and fix it in the next Sprint Buffer Time: Use any buffer time included in the current Sprint to fix the bug quickly Make time: Remove a Story from the current Sprint that is of equal value to the time lost fixing the bug(s) and releasing. Note: The Team must agree that it can still meet the Sprint Goal. Cancel Sprint: Cancel the sprint and concentrate all resource on fixing the bug(s) Note: This can be a very costly if the current sprint has already had a lot of work completed as it will be lost. The choice will depend on the complexity and severity of the bug(s) and both the Product Owner and the Team need to agree. In this case we will go with option #2 or #3 as they are uncomplicated but severe bugs. Figure: Real world issue where a bug needs fixed in the current release. If the bug(s) is urgent enough then then your only option is to fix it in place. You can edit the release branch to find and fix the bug, hopefully creating a test so it can’t happen again. Follow the prior process and conduct an internal and customer “Test Please” before releasing. You can read about how to conduct a Test Please on our Rules to Successful Projects: Do you conduct an internal "test please" prior to releasing a version to a client?   Figure: After you have fixed the bug you need to ship again. You then need to again create an RTM branch to hold the version of the code you released in escrow.   Figure: Main is now out of sync with your Release. We now need to get these new changes back up into the Main branch. Do a reverse and then forward merge again to get the new code into Main. But what about the branch, are developers not working on Sprint 2? Does Sprint 2 now have changes that are not in Main and Main now have changes that are not in Sprint 2? Well, yes… and this is part of the hit you take doing branching. But would this scenario even have been possible without branching?   Figure: Getting the changes in Main into Sprint 2 is very important. The Team now needs to do a Forward Integration merge into their Sprint and resolve any conflicts that occur. Maybe the bug has already been fixed in Sprint 2, maybe the bug no longer exists! This needs to be identified and resolved by the developers before they continue to get further out of Sync with Main. Note: Avoid the “Big bang merge” at all costs.   Figure: Merging Sprint 2 back into Main, the Forward Integration, and R0 terminates. Sprint 2 now merges (Reverse Integration) back into Main following the procedures we have already established.   Figure: The logical conclusion. This then allows the creation of the next release. By now you should be getting the big picture and hopefully you learned something useful from this post. I know I have enjoyed writing it as I find these exploratory posts coupled with real world experience really help harden my understanding.  Branching is a tool; it is not a silver bullet. Don’t over use it, and avoid “Anti-Patterns” where possible. Although the diagram above looks complicated I hope showing you how it is formed simplifies it as much as possible.   Technorati Tags: Branching,Scrum,VS ALM,TFS 2010,VS2010

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  • Prevent RDP logon brute force in mikrotik router via winbox

    - by holian
    Masters, I need help, how to config our router to block RDP brute force attacks I would like to set our router to only allow RDP connection from a specified country (our specified IP ranges), plus i need to set up router to block (take ips to black list) and drop brute force attepmst to specified port numbers. I try to set this with changeing the ftp port to rdp port. http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Bruteforce_login_prevention_%28FTP_%26_SSH Any suggestion tnx. H Current configuration: I try to configure the router via Winbox. I set some NAT rules (from dyndns to local address, rdp port) In the filter rules tab: I'm not sure this configuration should do the trick?! Is the content text "530 login incorrect" is fit for RDP connection to? Because in the tutorial used for filtering FTP connection. How to set router to allow RDP attempts from specified IP ranges? Thank you // New config

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  • iptables is not allowing me to contact my dns nameservers

    - by user1272737
    I have the follwing iptables rules: Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https ACCEPT tcp -- localhost.localdomain anywhere tcp dpt:mysql ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:14443 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ftp ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ftp-data ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:xxxxxxx Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination When I turn off iptables I am able to use wget and all other commands. When these rules are enabled I cannot connect to any address. Any idea why this would be?

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  • Why isn't ICMP routing with iptables nat routing

    - by Scott Forsyth - MVP
    I'm using iptables on Ubuntu server to route a public IP to a private IP. I want to nat all traffic, including 80, 443 and ICMP. However, it appears that ICMP isn't routing. I have a steady ping going to the public IP and it never stops, even with NAT pointing to a bogus IP. Here are the rules that I'm using: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -d 206.72.119.76 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.240.5.5 iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 10.240.5.5 -j SNAT --to-source 206.72.119.76 I tried with rules for ICMP specifically, but no such luck: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -d 206.72.119.76 - icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DNAT --to-destination 10.240.5.5 Any ideas?

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  • Apache2 - mod_expire and mod_rewrite not working in httpd.conf - serving content from tomcat

    - by Ankit Agrawal
    Hi, I am using apache2 server running on debian which forwards all the http request to tomcat installed on same machine. I have two files under my /etc/apache2/ folder apache2.conf and httpd.conf I modified httpd.conf file to look like following. # forward all http request on port 80 to tomcat ProxyPass / ajp://127.0.0.1:8009/ ProxyPassReverse / ajp://127.0.0.1:8009/ # gzip text content AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript DeflateCompressionLevel 9 BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html # Turn on Expires and mark all static content to expire in a week # unset last modified and ETag ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault A0 <FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css|ico)$" ExpiresDefault A604800 Header unset Last-Modified Header unset ETag FileETag None Header append Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public" </FilesMatch RewriteEngine On # rewrite all www.example.com/content/XXX-01.js and YYY-01.css files to XXX.js and YYY.css RewriteRule ^content/(js|css)/([a-z]+)-([0-9]+)\.(js|css)$ /content/$1/$2.$4 # remove all query parameters from URL after we are done with it RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^GET\ /.*\;.*\ HTTP/ RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} !^$ RewriteRule .* http://example.com%{REQUEST_URI}? [R=301,L] # rewrite all www.example.com to example.com RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L] I want to achieve following. forward all traffic to tomcat GZIP all the text content. Put 1 week expiry header to all static files and unset ETag/last modified header. rewrite all js and css file to certain format. remove all the query parameters from URL forward all www.example.com to example.com The problem is only 1 and 2 are working. I tried a lot with many combinations but the expire and rewrite rule (3-6) do not work at all. I also tried moving these rules to apache2.conf and .htaccess files but it didn't work either. It does not give any error but these rules are simple ignored. expires and rewrite modules are ENABLED. Please let me know what should I do to fix this. 1. Do I need to add something else in httpd.conf file (like Options +FollowSymLink) or something else? 2. Do I need to add something in apache2.conf file? 3. Do I need to move these rules to .htaccess file? If yes, what should I write in that file and where should I keep that file? in /etc/apache2/ folder or /var/www/ folder? 4. Any other info to make this work? Thanks, Ankit

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  • proxy pass for activeMQ

    - by user1172482
    I have a apache server that I'm trying to use for proxy access my activeMQ admin page. I am able to load the inital landing page properly, but I can't seem to load any of the sub-pages (Queues, Connections, etc.). My proxypass rules on the apache server are the following: ProxyPass /foo http://10.5.124.108:8161/admin ProxyPassReverse /foo http://10.5.124.108:8161/admin The activeMQ installation included a activemq-httpd.conf file in /etc/httpd/conf.d/. Proxy connections there are enabled: ProxyRequests On ProxyVia On <Proxy *> Allow from all Order allow,deny </Proxy> ProxyPass /admin http://localhost:8161/admin ProxyPassReverse /admin http://localhost:8161/admin ProxyPass /message http://localhost:8161/admin/send ProxyPassReverse /message http://localhost:8161/admin/send From what I've read the proxypass rules should be recursive (the rule for /foo should also work for /foo/bar). Is there something else that I'm missing here that's preventing me from accessing pages beyond the initial admin landing page?

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  • Linux networking "jail" for a single process

    - by halp
    I need to tune up a networking app for network specific things like: make it use a DNS server different than the default one from /etc/resolv.conf make sure it does not try to connect to certain hosts/ports using tcp/udp connections I know I can get away with just modifying /etc/resolv.conf and writing some iptables rules, but going for a default DENY firewall policy for outgoing IP packets can trigger malfunctions in other services running on the server. I know I can set up a virtual machine with a whole OS and run my app there, but it seems a bit overkill. Is it possible to have a networking "jail" for a single app (think single Linux process) that could accept iptables-like rules for network traffic (think in terms of IP packets and above) allowed to and from this particular app? Maybe this is achievable through some dynamically loaded library that can deal with the networking layer, the same manner tsocks does, but more fine-grained?

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  • Correct way to treat iptables init failure?

    - by chris_l
    Hi, I'm initializing my iptables rules via /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables, using iptables-restore. This works fine, but I'm a bit worried about what would happen, if that script failed for some reason (maybe the saved iptables file is corrupt or whatever). In case the script failed, I'd like to: Start up my network interfaces without any iptables rules Start up OpenSSH server But not any other services like web server, ... (and maybe stop running instances) Is there a good canonical way to do that? Going into a lower init stage? - I haven't done that in a long time, and I think a lot about init has changed in recent years (?) - which stage should I drop to, and would the OpenSSH server and my network interfaces still run? Thanks Chris (On Debian Lenny)

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