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  • create a class attribute without going through __setattr__

    - by eric.frederich
    Hello, What I have below is a class I made to easily store a bunch of data as attributes. They wind up getting stored in a dictionary. I override __getattr__ and __setattr__ to store and retrieve the values back in different types of units. When I started overriding __setattr__ I was having trouble creating that initial dicionary in the 2nd line of __init__ like so... super(MyDataFile, self).__setattr__('_data', {}) My question... Is there an easier way to create a class level attribute with going through __setattr__? Also, should I be concerned about keeping a separate dictionary or should I just store everything in self.__dict__? #!/usr/bin/env python from unitconverter import convert import re special_attribute_re = re.compile(r'(.+)__(.+)') class MyDataFile(object): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(MyDataFile, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) super(MyDataFile, self).__setattr__('_data', {}) # # For attribute type access # def __setattr__(self, name, value): self._data[name] = value def __getattr__(self, name): if name in self._data: return self._data[name] match = special_attribute_re.match(name) if match: varname, units = match.groups() if varname in self._data: return self.getvaras(varname, units) raise AttributeError # # other methods # def getvaras(self, name, units): from_val, from_units = self._data[name] if from_units == units: return from_val return convert(from_val, from_units, units), units def __str__(self): return str(self._data) d = MyDataFile() print d # set like a dictionary or an attribute d.XYZ = 12.34, 'in' d.ABC = 76.54, 'ft' # get it back like a dictionary or an attribute print d.XYZ print d.ABC # get conversions using getvaras or using a specially formed attribute print d.getvaras('ABC', 'cm') print d.XYZ__mm

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  • How to Implement Backbone Java Logic Code into Android

    - by lord_sneed
    I wrote a program to work from the console in Eclipse and the terminal window in Linux. I am now transforming it into an Android app and I have the basic functionality of the Android UI done up until the point where it needs to use the logic from the Java file of the program I wrote. All of my inputs from the Java file are currently from the keyboard (from Scanners). My question is: how do I transform this to get it work with the user interaction of the app? The only input would be from the built in NumberPicker. Should I copy and paste the code from the Java program to the activity file in the onCreate method and change all of the input methods (Scanners) to work with the Android input? Or do I create variables in the activity file and pass them to the Java program (in the separate class)? (If so, how would I do that? the Java file starts from the main method: public static void main(String[] args) {) Also, will the print statements I have, System.out.println(...);, translate directly into the Android UI and print on the screen or do I have to modify those?

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  • What's the "proper" way to retrieve a reference to a ribbon object?

    - by Nick
    For a VSTO workbook project, is there a best practice for retrieving a reference to the Ribbon object from the ThisWorkbook class? Here's what I'm doing: In my Ribbon class, I created a public method called InvalidateControl(string controlID). I need to call that method from the ThisWorkbook class based on when a certain workbook level event fires. But the only way I can see to "get" a reference to that Ribbon object is to do this... // This is all in the ThisWorkbook class Ribbon ribbon; protected override IRibbonExtensibility CreateRibbonExtensibilityObject() { this.ribbon = new Ribbon(); return this.ribbon; } ...which seems a little smelly. I mean, I have to override CreateRibbonExtensibilityObject() regardless; all I'm doing beyond that is maintaining a local reference to the ribbon so I can call methods against it. But it doesn't feel right. Is there another, better way to get that reference in the ThisWorkbook class? Or is this pretty acceptable? Thanks!

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  • Internal Java code best practice for dealing with invalid REST API parameters

    - by user326389
    My colleague wrote the following stackoverflow question: other stack overflow question on this topic The question seems to have been misinterpreted and I want to find out the answer, so I'm starting this new question... hopefully a little more clear. Basically, we have a REST API. Users of our API call our methods with parameters. But sometimes users call them with the wrong parameters!! Maybe a mistake in their code, maybe they're just trying to play with us, maybe they're trying to see how we respond, who knows! We respond with HTTP status error codes and maybe a detailed description of the invalid parameter in the XML response. All is well. But internally we deal with these invalid parameters by throwing exceptions. For example, if someone looks up a Person object by giving us their profile id, but the profile id doesn't exist... we throw a PersonInvalidException when looking them up. Then we catch this exception in our API controller and send back an HTTP 400 status error code. Our question is... is this the best practice, throwing exceptions internally for this kind of user error? These exceptions never get propogated back to the user, this is a REST API. They only make our code cleaner. Otherwise we could have a validation method in each of our API controllers to make sure the parameters all make sense, but that seems inefficient. We have to look up things in our database potentially twice. Or we could return nulls and check for them, but that sucks... What are your thoughts?

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  • C++ design related question

    - by Kotti
    Hi! Here is the question's plot: suppose I have some abstract classes for objects, let's call it Object. It's definition would include 2D position and dimensions. Let it also have some virtual void Render(Backend& backend) const = 0 method used for rendering. Now I specialize my inheritance tree and add Rectangle and Ellipse class. Guess they won't have their own properties, but they will have their own virtual void Render method. Let's say I implemented these methods, so that Render for Rectangle actually draws some rectangle, and the same for ellipse. Now, I add some object called Plane, which is defined as class Plane : public Rectangle and has a private member of std::vector<Object*> plane_objects; Right after that I add a method to add some object to my plane. And here comes the question. If I design this method as void AddObject(Object& object) I would face trouble like I won't be able to call virtual functions, because I would have to do something like plane_objects.push_back(new Object(object)); and this should be push_back(new Rectangle(object)) for rectangles and new Circle(...) for circles. If I implement this method as void AddObject(Object* object), it looks good, but then somewhere else this means making call like plane.AddObject(new Rectangle(params)); and this is generally a mess because then it's not clear which part of my program should free the allocated memory. ["when destroying the plane? why? are we sure that calls to AddObject were only done as AddObject(new something).] I guess the problems caused by using the second approach could be solved using smart pointers, but I am sure there have to be something better. Any ideas?

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  • Java: Comparing a class with another within that class using a my own .equals

    - by user1670252
    I am making a method .equals replacing the equals method used. It accepts a object. I want it to check if that object equals the class that runs the .equals class. I know I want to compare all the private methods I have to that object. Is there a way to do this without making another private class to get the private variables from the object? How do I do this to compare equality not identity? I am stuck on this. Do i have to use == to compare? Also looking online i see others use recursion. If this is the way i have to do it can you show and explain it to me? so an example i have public boolean equals(Object o) { this is in a class we will call bobtheBuilder (first thing to pop in my head) I want to check if the object o is equal to the class he has private object array and a private int. I assume I want to check if the array and int of this class equal the array and int of the object.

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  • Android App crashing on Back Button (performResumeActivity)

    - by Rutger
    My App consists of 2 Activities at the moment. . the MAIN activity with a Gallery View . a FriendsListActivity with a ListView When the user moves away from the FriendsListActivity with the back button, and returns to the MAIN activity the following error keeps popping up in debug mode. DalvikVM[localhost:8676] Thread [<1 main] (Suspended (exception RuntimeException)) ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(IBinder, boolean) line: 2095 ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(IBinder, boolean, boolean) line: 2110 BinderProxy(ActivityThread$H).handleMessage(Message) line: 954 ActivityThread$H(Handler).dispatchMessage(Message) line: 99 Looper.loop() line: 123 ActivityThread.main(String[]) line: 3647 Method.invokeNative(Object, Object[], Class, Class[], Class, int, boolean) line: not available [native method] Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 507 ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() line: 839 ZygoteInit.main(String[]) line: 597 NativeStart.main(String[]) line: not available [native method] Thread [<8 Binder Thread #2] (Running) Thread [<7 Binder Thread #1] (Running) With the LogCat 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resume activity {com.package.MAIN/com.package.MAIN.MAIN}: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2095) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2110) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:954) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3647) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at com.package.MAIN.MAIN.onResume(MAIN.java:91) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnResume(Instrumentation.java:1149) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.Activity.performResume(Activity.java:3833) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2085) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): ... 10 more Further info in the Variables panel states: this: ActivityThread e: NullPointerException cause: NullPointerException detailMessage: null stackTrace: null r: ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord activity: MAIN detailMessage after one Eclipse Resume: Unable to resume activity (MAIN) The code from the FriendsListActivity looks like this public class FriendsListActivity extends ListActivity { // =========================================================== // Fields // =========================================================== private ArrayList<Friend> friends = new ArrayList<Friend>(); private FriendsArrayAdapter friendsArrayAdapter; private ListView listView; // =========================================================== // onCreate // =========================================================== @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); setContentView(R.layout.friends_list); registerForContextMenu(getListView()); setButtonNewFriendClickListener(); } public void generateFriendsList() { FriendsService fs = new FriendsService(this); friends = fs.getFriendsList(); listView = (ListView) findViewById(android.R.id.list); friendsArrayAdapter = new FriendsArrayAdapter( this, R.layout.friend_list_item, friends); listView.setAdapter(friendsArrayAdapter); } @Override public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) { super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo); MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater(); inflater.inflate(R.menu.friends_context_menu, menu); } @Override public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) { AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterContextMenuInfo) item.getMenuInfo(); FriendsService fs = new FriendsService(this); Friend f = new Friend(); f = friends.get(info.position); switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.edit: Intent i = new Intent(this, FriendEditActivity.class); i.putExtra("userid", f.userId); startActivity(i); return true; case R.id.delete: fs.deleteFriend(f.userId); generateFriendsList(); return true; default: return super.onContextItemSelected(item); } } // =========================================================== // onPause // =========================================================== protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); finish(); } // =========================================================== // onResume // =========================================================== protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); generateFriendsList(); } // =========================================================== // onStop // =========================================================== protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); } // =========================================================== // onDestroy // =========================================================== @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); } // =========================================================== // Activity methods // =========================================================== private void setButtonNewFriendClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_add_friend); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Intent i = new Intent(v.getContext(), FriendNewActivity.class); startActivity(i); } }); } The AndroidManifest looks like this <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="com.package.mypackage"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name="com.package.mypackage.mypackage" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".FriendsListActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".FriendEditActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".FriendNewActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".TakePictureActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".FriendsService"></activity> <activity android:name=".MyService"></activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" /> The MAIN activity looks like this: package com.package.mypackage; import java.util.ArrayList; import com.package.domain.Domain; import com.package.service.MyService; import com.package.viewadapter.myImageAdapter; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Gallery; import android.widget.Toast; public class myActivity extends Activity { // =========================================================== // Fields // =========================================================== private MyImageAdapter myImageAdapter; private ArrayList<Domain> domain = new ArrayList<Domain>(); // =========================================================== // onCreate // =========================================================== @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); setContentView(R.layout.main); /* Set Buttons to listen for any click event. */ setButtonFriendsClickListener(); setButtonCameraClickListener(); setButtonPreferencesClickListener(); } // =========================================================== // onStart // =========================================================== @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); /* Find the gallery defined in the main.xml */ Gallery g = (Gallery) findViewById(R.id.gallery); /* Show a Toast message when image is clicked */ g.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View v, int position, long id) { MyImageAdapter image_ID = new MyImageAdapter(myActivity.this, position, null); if (image_ID.getItemId(position) == 0) { Toast test_toast = Toast.makeText(myActivity.this, "This is the New Image click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); test_toast.show(); } else { Toast test_toast = Toast.makeText(myActivity.this, "The clicked image has image number " + image_ID.getItemId(position) + " in the imageadapter.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); test_toast.show(); } } }); g.setOnItemLongClickListener(new OnItemLongClickListener() { @Override public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View v, int position, long id) { MyImageAdapter image_ID = new MyImageAdapter(myActivity.this, position, null); Toast test_toast = Toast.makeText(myActivity.this, "The long clicked image has image number " + image_ID.getItemId(position) + " in the imageadapter.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); test_toast.show(); return true; } }); } // =========================================================== // onPause // =========================================================== protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); } // =========================================================== // onResume // =========================================================== protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); generateMyGallery(); } // =========================================================== // onStop // =========================================================== protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); } // =========================================================== // onDestroy // Is also called when user changes from horizontal // to vertical orientation and back // =========================================================== @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); } // =========================================================== // Save and Restore UI states // =========================================================== @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState); } protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); } // =========================================================== // Main Activity methods // =========================================================== public void generateMyGallery() { MyService cs = new MyService(this); domain = cs.getDomainList(); // Add the new_image drawable to the ArrayList Domain d = new Domain(); d.photoLocation = "drawable"; d.photoName = "new_image"; d.extra1 = "no_text"; d.extra2 = "no_text"; domain.add(0, d); myImageAdapter = new MyImageAdapter(this, R.layout.text_overlay_image_view, domain); /* Find the gallery defined in the main.xml */ Gallery g = (Gallery) findViewById(R.id.gallery); g.setSpacing(10); /* Apply a new (custom) ImageAdapter to it. */ g.setAdapter(myImageAdapter); g.setSelection(1); } private void setButtonFriendsClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_friends_list); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { setContentView(R.layout.friends_list); Intent myIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), FriendsListActivity.class); startActivity(myIntent); } }); } private void setButtonCameraClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_take_picture); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { setContentView(R.layout.take_picture); Intent myIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), TakePictureActivity.class); startActivity(myIntent); } }); } private void setButtonPreferencesClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_preferences); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Intent myIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), MyPreferencesActivity.class); startActivity(myIntent); } }); } }; Anyone has an idea why the App crashes. Any help is much appreciated. I did find out that, when I finish() the MAIN activity when I start the FriendListActivity and restart the MAIN activity when closing the FriendListActivity, that the crash does not occur. However, this basically restarts the App and that is not the intention. Thanks all, I got the problem solved. This is what I did. . When moving all gallery related actions to the onCreate, the creash didn't happen anymore. But then after returning to the MAIN activity, the activity wasn't shown. . I then moved all the onCreate (except the super), the generateGallery, and the onStart() to the onResume. Now it works fine!

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  • unexpected behaviour of object stored in web service Session

    - by draconis
    Hi. I'm using Session variables inside a web service to maintain state between successive method calls by an external application called QBWC. I set this up by decorating my web service methods with this attribute: [WebMethod(EnableSession = true)] I'm using the Session variable to store an instance of a custom object called QueueManager. The QueueManager has a property called ChangeQueue which looks like this: [Serializable] public class QueueManager { ... public Queue<QBChange> ChangeQueue { get; set; } ... where QBChange is a custom business object belonging to my web service. Now, every time I get a call to a method in my web service, I use this code to retrieve my QueueManager object and access my queue: QueueManager qm = (QueueManager)Session[ticket]; then I remove an object from the queue, using qm.dequeue() and then I save the modified query manager object (modified because it contains one less object in the queue) back to the Session variable, like so: Session[ticket] = qm; ready for the next web service method call using the same ticket. Now here's the thing: if I comment out this last line //Session[ticket] = qm; , then the web service behaves exactly the same way, reducing the size of the queue between method calls. Now why is that? The web service seems to be updating a class contained in serialized form in a Session variable without being asked to. Why would it do that? When I deserialize my Queuemanager object, does the qm variable hold a reference to the serialized object inside the Session[ticket] variable?? This seems very unlikely.

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  • OOP/MVC advice on where to place a global helper function

    - by franko75
    Hi, I have a couple of controllers on my site which are handling form data. The forms use AJAX and I have quite a few methods across different controllers which are having to do some specific processing to return errors in a JSON encoded format - see code below. Obviously this isn't DRY and I need to move this code into a single helper function which I can use globally, but I'm wondering where this should actually go! Should I create a static helper class which contains this function (e.g Validation::build_ajax_errors()), or as this code is producing a format which is application specific and tied into the jQuery validation plugin I'm using, should it be a static method stored in, for example, my main Website controller which the form handling controllers extend from? //if ajax request, output errors if (request::is_ajax()) { //need to build errors into array form for javascript validation - move this into a helper method accessible globally $errors = $post->errors('form_data/form_error_messages'); $i = 0; $new_errors = array(); foreach ($errors as $key => $value) { $new_errors[$i][0] = '#' . $key; $new_errors[$i][1] = $value; $new_errors[$i][2] = "error"; $i++; } echo '{"jsonValidateReturn":' . json_encode($new_errors) . '}'; return; }

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  • How do I correct feature envy in this case?

    - by RMorrisey
    I have some code that looks like: class Parent { private Intermediate intermediateContainer; public Intermediate getIntermediate(); } class Intermediate { private Child child; public Child getChild() {...} public void intermediateOp(); } class Child { public void something(); public void somethingElse(); } class Client { private Parent parent; public void something() { parent.getIntermediate().getChild().something(); } public void somethingElse() { parent.getIntermediate().getChild().somethingElse(); } public void intermediate() { parent.getIntermediate().intermediateOp(); } } I understand that is an example of the "feature envy" code smell. The question is, what's the best way to fix it? My first instinct is to put the three methods on parent: parent.something(); parent.somethingElse(); parent.intermediateOp(); ...but I feel like this duplicates code, and clutters the API of the Parent class (which is already rather busy). Do I want to store the result of getIntermediate(), and/or getChild(), and keep my own references to these objects?

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  • Generating jquery 'rules' from business model to UI in asp.net mvc

    - by jim
    Hi all, I've had a good look around and am certain that there's no matching question on SO, so here goes. Has anyone created a 'helper' method on their model that generates jquery (or plain javascript) rules validation dynamically, based on the criteria/rules that are contained within the object and taken from a repository (i.e. DB). What i'm thinking of is a discrete set of partial views (and associated models) that have rules at the business logic 'level' and rather than (or in combination with) validating the rule(s) at postback, translating the same rules into tightly focussed jquery methods that work identically at client (js) and server (c#) levels. I can see benefits here re performance. Also, the rules definitions could be created in a single place (in c#) and the jquery generated off of that, thus allowing single edits to update both code streams. I appreciate that there would be limitations imposed by language specific contstraints but the general principle could be quite interesting if used appropriately. I'm also aware that testibility could be an issue when using two different language structures and hoping to achieve similar test outcomes - but those aside... any thoughts or experiences of similar out there?? cheers jimi

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  • Link compatibility between C++ and D

    - by Caspin
    D easily interfaces with C. D just as easily interfaces with C++, but (and it's a big but) the C++ needs to be extremely trivial. The code cannot use: namespaces templates multiple inheritance mix virtual with non-virtual methods more? I completely understand the inheritance restriction. The rest however, feel like artificial limitations. Now I don't want to be able to use std::vector<T> directly, but I would really like to be able to link with std::vector<int> as an externed template. The C++ interfacing page has this particularly depressing comment. D templates have little in common with C++ templates, and it is very unlikely that any sort of reasonable method could be found to express C++ templates in a link-compatible way with D. This means that the C++ STL, and C++ Boost, likely will never be accessible from D. Admittedly I'll probably never need std::vector while coding in D, but I'd love to use QT or boost. So what's the deal. Why is it so hard to express non-trivial C++ classes in D? Would it not be worth it to add some special annotations or something to express at least namespaces?

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  • How to use interfaces in exception handling

    - by vikp
    Hi, I'm working on the exception handling layer for my application. I have read few articles on interfaces and generics. I have used inheritance before quite a lot and I'm comfortable with in that area. I have a very brief design that I'm going to implement: public interface IMyExceptionLogger { public void LogException(); // Helper methods for writing into files,db, xml } I'm slightly confused what I should be doing next. public class FooClass: IMyExceptionLogger { // Fields // Constructors } Should I implement LogException() method within FooClass? If yes, than I'm struggling to see how I'm better of using an interface instead of the concrete class... I have a variety of classes that will make a use of that interface, but I don't want to write an implementation of that interface within each class. In the same time If I implement an interface in one class, and then use that class in different layers of the application I will be still using concrete classes instead of interfaces, which is a bad OO design... I hope this makes sense. Any feedback and suggestions are welcome. Please notice that I'm not interested in using net4log or its competitors because I'm doing this to learn. Thank you Edit: Wrote some more code. So I will implement variety of loggers with this interface, i.e. DBExceptionLogger, CSVExceptionLogger, XMLExceptionLogger etc. Than I will still end up with concrete classes that I will have to use in different layers of my application.

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  • C++: Maybe you know this fitfall?

    - by Martijn Courteaux
    Hi, I'm developing a game. I have a header GameSystem (just methods like the game loop, no class) with two variables: int mouseX and int mouseY. These are updated in my game loop. Now I want to access them from Game.cpp file (a class built by a header-file and the source-file). So, I #include "GameSystem.h" in Game.h. After doing this I get a lot of compile errors. When I remove the include he says of course: Game.cpp:33: error: ‘mouseX’ was not declared in this scope Game.cpp:34: error: ‘mouseY’ was not declared in this scope Where I want to access mouseX and mouseY. All my .h files have Header Guards, generated by Eclipse. I'm using SDL and if I remove the lines that wants to access the variables, everything compiles and run perfectly (*). I hope you can help me... This is the error-log when I #include "GameSystem.h" (All the code he is refering to works, like explained by the (*)): In file included from ../trunk/source/domein/Game.h:14, from ../trunk/source/domein/Game.cpp:8: ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:30: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘*’ token ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: variable or field ‘InitGame’ declared void ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: ‘Game’ was not declared in this scope ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: ‘g’ was not declared in this scope ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: expected primary-expression before ‘char’ ../trunk/source/domein/GameSystem.h:46: error: expected primary-expression before ‘bool’ ../trunk/source/domein/FPS.h:46: warning: ‘void FPS_SleepMilliseconds(int)’ defined but not used This is the code which try to access the two variables: SDL_Rect pointer; pointer.x = mouseX; pointer.y = mouseY; pointer.w = 3; pointer.h = 3; SDL_FillRect(buffer, &pointer, 0xFF0000);

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  • What Test Environment Setup do Top Project Committers Use in the Ruby Community?

    - by viatropos
    Today I am going to get as far as I can setting up my testing environment and workflow. I'm looking for practical advice on how to setup the test environment from you guys who are very passionate and versed in Ruby Testing. By the end of the day (6am PST?) I would like to be able to: Type one 1-command to run test suites for ANY project I find on Github. Run autotest for ANY Github project so I can fork and make TESTABLE contributions. Build gems from the ground up with Autotest and Shoulda. For one reason or another, I hardly ever run tests for projects I clone from Github. The major reason is because unless they're using RSpec and have a Rake task to run the tests, I don't see the common pattern behind it all. I have built 3 or 4 gems writing tests with RSpec, and while I find the DSL fun, it's less than ideal because it just adds another layer/language of methods I have to learn and remember. So I'm going with Shoulda. But this isn't a question about which testing framework to choose. So the questions are: What is your, the SO reader and Github project committer, test environment setup using autotest so that whenever you git clone a gem, you can run the tests and autotest-develop them if desired? What are the guys who are writing the Paperclip Tests and Authlogic Tests doing? What is their setup? Thanks for the insight. Looking for answers that will make me a more effective tester.

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  • How should I handle expected errors? eg. "username already exists"

    - by Pheter
    I am struggling to understand how I should design the error handling parts of my code. I recently asked a similar question about how I should go about returning server error codes to the user, eg. 404 errors. I learnt that I should handle the error from within the current part of the application; seem's simple enough. However, what should I do when I can't handle the error from the current link in the chain? For example, I may have a class that is used to manage authentication. One of it's methods could be createUser($username, $password). Within that function, I need to determine if the username already exists. If this is true, how should I alert the calling code about this? Returning null instead of a user object is one way. But how do I then know what caused the error? How should I handle errors in such a way that calling code can easily find out what caused the error? Is there a design pattern commonly used for this kind of situation?

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  • Problem with ModelAndView and ModelMap in AnnotationController, Springframework

    - by saltfactory
    I have a question that is a point difference between ModelAndView and ModelMap. I want to maintain modelAndView when requestMethod is "GET" and requestMethod is "POST". My modelAndView saved others. So I made modelAndView return type to "GET", "POST" methods. But, Request lost commandObject, form:errors..., if request return showForm on "POST" because request validation failed. example) private ModelAndView modelAndView; public ControllerTest{ this.modelAndView = new ModelAndView(); } @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView showForm(ModelMap model) { EntityObject entityObject = new EntityObject(); CommandObject commandObject = new CommandObject(); commandObject.setEntityObject(entityObject); model.addAttribute("commandObject", commandObject); this.modelAndView.addObject("id", "GET"); this.modelAndView.setViewName("registerForm"); return this.modelAndView; } @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView submit(@ModelAttribute("commandObject") CommandObject commandObject, BindingResult result, SessionStatus status) { this.commandValidator.validate(commandObject, result); if (result.hasErrors()) { this.modelAndView.addObject("id", "POST"); this.modelAndView.setViewName("registerForm"); return this.modelAndView; } else { this.modelAndView.addObject("id", "after POST"); this.modelAndView.setViewName("success"); } status.setComplete(); return this.modelAndView; }

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  • Array passing between classes, gone?

    - by Kenneth
    Hey guys . i have two classes, SelectionScreenTable & GraphView. In the SelectionScreenTable class .h, i declared a NSMutableArray called usagedatas NSMutableArray *usagedatas; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *usagedatas; In the SelectionScreenTable class.m i remembered to @synthesize. Later on, while processing my methods, i did a NSLog(@"usagedatas count:%i",usagedatas.count); to check whether it has value and it returned 1. so yeah its good up to this point. And in the -(void) dealloc , i remembered to released it . [usagedatas release]; So now comes ME trying to use it in another class. In GraphView.m i imported the "SelectionScreenTable.h". in the -(void)viewDidLoad i did SelectionScreenTable *UD = [SelectionScreenTable alloc]; NSLog(@"GraphView UD.usagedataas.count = :%i",UD.usagedatas.count); it returned 0. Any idea guys?

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  • Compiler turning a string& into a basic_string<>&

    - by Shtong
    Hello I'm coming back to C++ after long years spent on other technologies and i'm stuck on some weird behavior when calling some methods taking std::string as parameters : An example of call : LocalNodeConfiguration *LocalNodeConfiguration::ReadFromFile(std::string & path) { // ... throw configuration_file_error(string("Configuration file empty"), path); // ... } When I compile I get this (I cropped file names for readability) : /usr/bin/g++ -g -I/home/shtong/Dev/OmegaNoc/build -I/usr/share/include/boost-1.41.0 -o CMakeFiles/OmegaNocInternals.dir/configuration/localNodeConfiguration.cxx.o -c /home/shtong/Dev/OmegaNoc/source/configuration/localNodeConfiguration.cxx .../localNodeConfiguration.cxx: In static member function ‘static OmegaNoc::LocalNodeConfiguration* OmegaNoc::LocalNodeConfiguration::ReadFromFile(std::string&)’: .../localNodeConfiguration.cxx:72: error: no matching function for call to ‘OmegaNoc::configuration_file_error::configuration_file_error(std::string, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&)’ .../configurationManager.hxx:25: note: candidates are: OmegaNoc::configuration_file_error::configuration_file_error(std::string&, std::string&) .../configurationManager.hxx:22: note: OmegaNoc::configuration_file_error::configuration_file_error(const OmegaNoc::configuration_file_error&) So as I understand it, the compiler is considering that my path parameter turned into a basic_string at some point, thus not finding the constructor overload I want to use. But I don't really get why this transformation happened. Some search on the net suggested me to use g++ but I was already using it. So any other advice would be appreciated :) Thanks

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  • Implicit conversion between Scala collection types

    - by ebruchez
    I would like to implicitly convert between the Scala XML Elem object and another representation of an XML element, in my case dom4j Element. I wrote the following implicit conversions: implicit def elemToElement(e: Elem): Element = ... do conversion here ... implicit def elementToElem(e: Element): Elem = ... do conversion here ... So far so good, this works. Now I also need collections of said elements to convert both ways. First, do I absolutely need to write additional conversion methods? Things didn't seem to work if I didn't. I tried to write the following: implicit def elemTToElementT(t: Traversable[Elem]) = t map (elemToElement(_)) implicit def elementTToElemT(t: Traversable[Element]) = t map (elementToElem(_)) This doesn't look too ideal because if the conversion method takes a Traversable, then it also returns a Traversable. If I pass a List, I also get a Traversable out. So I assume the conversion should be parametrized somehow. So what's the standard way of writing these conversions in order to be as generic as possible?

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  • Convert enumeration to string

    - by emptyheaded
    I am trying to build a function that converts an item from an enum to its corresponding string. The enums I use are fairly long, so I didn't want to use a switch-case. I found a method using boost::unordered_map very convenient, but I don't know how to make a default return (when there is no item matching the enum). const boost::unordered_map<enum_type, const std::string> enumToString = boost::assign::map_list_of (data_1, "data_1") (data_2, "data_2"); I tried to create an additional function: std::string convert(enum_type entry) { if (enumToString.find(entry)) // not sure what test to place here, return enumToString.at(entry); //because the find method returns an iter else return "invalid_value"; } I even tried something exceedingly wrong: std::string convert(enum_type entry) { try{ return enumToString.at(entry); } catch(...){ return "invalid_value"; } } Result: evil "Debug" runtime error. Can somebody give me a suggestion on how to either 1) find an easier method to convert enum to a string with the same name as the enum item 2) find a way to use already built boost methods to get a default value from a hash map (best option) 3) find what to place in the test to use a function that returns either the pair of the key-value, or a different string if the key is not found in the map. Thank you very much.

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  • How to check at runtime if a class implements certain interface?

    - by mare
    Let's say I have some content classes like Page, TabGroup, Tab, etc. Certain of those will be implementing my IWidgetContainer interface - it means they will geet an additional field named ContainedItems from the interface and some methods for manipulating this field. Now I need to reflect the fact that some class implements this interface by rendering out some special custom controls in my ASP.NET MVC Views (like jQuery Add/Remove/Move/Reorder buttons). For instance, TabGroup will implement IWidgetContainer because it will contain tabs but a tab will not implement it because it won't have the ability to contain anything. So I have to somehow check in my view, when I render my content objects (The problem is, I use my base class as strong type in my view not concrete classes), whether it implements IWidgetContainer. How is that possible or have I completely missed something? To rephrase the question, how do you reflect some special properties of a class (like interface implementation) in the UI in general (not necessarily ASP.NET MVC)? Here's my code so far: [DataContract] public class ContentClass { [DataMember] public string Slug; [DataMember] public string Title; [DataMember] protected ContentType Type; } [DataContract] public class Group : ContentClass, IWidgetContainer { public Group() { Type = ContentType.TabGroup; } public ContentList ContainedItems { get; set; } public void AddContent(ContentListItem toAdd) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public void RemoveContent(ContentListItem toRemove) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } [DataContract] public class GroupElement : ContentClass { public GroupElement() { Type = ContentType.Tab; } } Interface: interface IWidgetContainer { [DataMember] ContentList ContainedItems { get; set; } void AddContent(ContentListItem toAdd); void RemoveContent(ContentListItem toRemove); }

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  • Request header field x-user-session is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Headers

    - by Saurabh Bhandari
    I am trying to do a CORS call to a WCF service endpoint hosted on IIS7.5. I have configured custom headers in IIS. My configuration looks like below <customHeaders> <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Methods" value="GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,OPTIONS" /> <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Headers" value="x-user-session,origin, content-type, accept" /> <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Credentials" value="true" /> </customHeaders> When I do a POST request I get following error message "Request header field x-user-session is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Headers" If I remove my custom header from the call and run it, everything works fine. Also if I do a GET call with custom header then also API works correctly. $.ajax({ type:"POST", success: function(d) { console.log(d) }, timeout: 9000, url: "http://api.myserver.com/Services/v2/CreditCard.svc/update_cc_detail", data: JSON.stringify({"card_id": 1234,"expire_month":"11","expire_year":"2020","full_name":"Demo Account", "number":"4111111111111111","is_primary":true}), xhrFields: { withCredentials: true}, headers: { x-user-session': "B23680D0B8CB5AFED9F624271F1DFAE5052085755AEDDEFDA3834EF16115BCDDC6319BD79FDCCB1E199BB6CC4D0C6FBC9F30242A723BA9C0DFB8BCA3F31F4C7302B1A37EE0A20C42E8AFD45FAB85282FCB62C0B4EC62329BD8573FEBAEBC6E8269FFBF57C7D57E6EF880E396F266E7AD841797792619AD3F1C27A5AE" }, crossDomain: true, contentType: 'application/json' });

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  • PyGTK: Manually render an existing widget at a given Rectangle? (TextView in a custom CellRenderer)

    - by NicDumZ
    Hello! I am trying to draw a TextView into the cell of a TreeView. (Why? I would like to have custom tags on text, so they can be clickable and trigger different actions/popup menus depending on where user clicks). I have been trying to write a customized CellRenderer for this purpose, but so far I failed because I find it extremely difficult to find generic documentation on rendering design in gtk. More than an answer at the specific question (that might be hard/not doable, and I'm not expecting you to do everything for me), I am first looking for documentation on how a widget is rendered, to understand how one is supposed to implement a CellRenderer. Can you share any link that explains, either for gtk or for pygtk, the rendering mechanism? More specifically: size allocation mechanism (should I say protocol?). I understand that a window has a defined size, and then queries its children, saying "my size is w x h, what would be your ideal size, buddy?", and then sometimes shrinks children when all children cant fit together at their ideal sizes. Any specific documentation on that, and on particular on when this happens during rendering? How are rendered "builtin" widgets? What kind of methods do they call on Widget base class? On the parent Window? When? Do they use pango.Layout? can you manually draw a TextView onto a pango.Layout object? This link gives an interesting example showing how you can draw content in a pango.Layout object and use it in a CellRenderer. I guess that I could adapt it if only I understood how TextView widget are rendered. Or perhaps, to put it more simply: given an existing widget instance, how does one render it at a specific gdk.Rectangle? Thanks a lot.

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  • Entity framework with Linq to Entities performance

    - by mare
    If I have a static method like this public static string GetTicClassificationTitle(string classI, string classII, string classIII) { using (TicDatabaseEntities ticdb = new TicDatabaseEntities()) { var result = from classes in ticdb.Classifications where classes.ClassI == classI where classes.ClassII == classII where classes.ClassIII == classIII select classes.Description; return result.FirstOrDefault(); } } and use this method in various places in foreach loops or just plain calling it numerous times, does it create and open new connection every time? If so, how can I tackle this? Should I cache the results somewhere, like in this case, I would cache the entire Classifications table in Memory Cache? And then do queries vs this cached object? Or should I make TicDatabaseEntities variable static and initialize it at class level? Should my class be static if it contains only static methods? Because right now it is not.. Also I've noticed that if I return result.First() instead of FirstOrDefault() and the query does not find a match, it will issue an exception (with FirstOrDefault() there is no exception, it returns null). Thank you for clarification.

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