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  • What motivates people to learn a new programming language?

    - by szabgab
    There are plenty of question asking Which Programming Language Should I Learn? but I have not found an answer yet to the question what really motivates people to learn a specific new language?. There are the people who think they should learn a new language every year for educational purpose. How do they decide on the languages to be learned? Then I guess there are people who learn a new language because people around them told it is a fun language and they can build nice things with it. Of course if the current job requires it people would learn a new language but I think if the language seems to have a potential to earn money (e.g. There are plenty of jobs in Java or ObjectiveC can be used to write apps for the iPhone and make money). So why are you learning a new language or why have you learned the languages you know?

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  • Iterating over a database column in Django

    - by curious
    I would like to iterate a calculation over a column of values in a MySQL database. I wondered if Django had any built-in functionality for doing this. Previously, I have just used the following to store each column as a list of tuples with the name table_column: import MySQLdb import sys try: conn = MySQLdb.connect (host = "localhost", user = "user", passwd="passwd", db="db") except MySQLdb.Error, e: print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]) sys.exit (1) cursor = conn.cursor() for table in ['foo', 'bar']: for column in ['foobar1', 'foobar2']: cursor.execute('select %s from %s' % (column, table)) exec "%s_%s = cursor.fetchall()" % (table, column) cursor.close() conn.commit() conn.close() Is there any functionality built into Django to more conveniently iterate through the values of a column in a database table? I'm dealing with millions of rows so speed of execution is important.

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  • Returning all "positions" of a list

    - by Daymor
    I Have a list with "a" and "b" and the "b"'s are somewhat of a path and "a"'s are walls. Im writing a program to make a graph of all the possible moves. I got the code running to check the first "b" for possible moves, but i have NO Idea how im going to find all "b"'s , even less check them all without repeating. Major issue im having is getting the tuple coordinates of the "b"'s out of the list. Any pointers/tips?

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  • Is a string formatter that pulls variables from its calling scope bad practice?

    - by Eric
    I have some code that does an awful lot of string formatting, Often, I end up with code along the lines of: "...".format(x=x, y=y, z=z, foo=foo, ...) Where I'm trying to interpolate a large number of variables into a large string. Is there a good reason not to write a function like this that uses the inspect module to find variables to interpolate? import inspect def interpolate(s): return s.format(**inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals) def generateTheString(x): y = foo(x) z = x + y # more calculations go here return interpolate("{x}, {y}, {z}")

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  • UnicodeDecodeError from a GET-parameter in webapp2

    - by Aneon
    I'm getting a UnicodeDecodeError when recieving a GET-parameter from webapp2 that contains unicode characters, and then using it to do a NDB query. I get the same error message when manually running a unicode() on the parameter in the handler, so there either seems to be a problem in webapp2's URL routing or I've missed something. Preferably, all GET-parameters should be converted to unicode before getting passed into the handler so I don't need to do manual conversions in all of my handlers. I actually think it's worked before in an earlier version. The full error message read: UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 1: ordinal not in range(128) The GET-parameter contains the following string: göteborg. It looks fine when I raise an Exception on it, but gives me an error when I (or NDB) use unicode() on it. EDIT: In NDB, it fails on the following code: File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\api\datastore_types.py", line 1562, in PackString pbvalue.set_stringvalue(unicode(value).encode('utf-8')) Thanks.

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  • Save JSON outputed from a URL to a file

    - by Aidan
    Hey Guys, How would I save JSON outputed by an URL to a file? e.g from the Twitter search API (this http://search.twitter.com/search.json?q=hi) Language isn't important. Thanks! edit // How would I then append further updates to EOF?

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  • Using classes for the first time,help in debugging

    - by kaushik
    here is post my code:this is no the entire code but enough to explain my doubt.please discard any code line which u find irrelavent enter code here saving_tree={} isLeaf=False class tree: global saving_tree rootNode=None lispTree=None def __init__(self,x): file=x string=file.readlines() #print string self.lispTree=S_expression(string) self.rootNode=BinaryDecisionNode(0,'Root',self.lispTree) class BinaryDecisionNode: global saving_tree def __init__(self,ind,name,lispTree,parent=None): self.parent=parent nodes=lispTree.getNodes(ind) print nodes self.isLeaf=(nodes[0]==1) nodes=nodes[1]#Nodes are stored self.name=name self.children=[] if self.isLeaf: #Leaf Node print nodes #Set the leaf data self.attribute=nodes print "LeafNode is ",nodes else: #Set the question self.attribute=lispTree.getString(nodes[0]) self.attribute=self.attribute.split() print "Question: ",self.attribute,self.name tree={} tree={str(self.name):self.attribute} saving_tree=tree #Add the children for i in range(1,len(nodes)):#Since node 0 is a question # print "Adding child ",nodes[i]," who has ",len(nodes)-1," siblings" self.children.append(BinaryDecisionNode(nodes[i],self.name+str(i),lispTree,self)) print saving_tree i wanted to save some data in saving_tree{},which i have declared previously and want to use that saving tree in the another function outside the class.when i asked to print saving_tree it printing but,only for that instance.i want the saving_tree{} to have the data to store data of all instance and access it outside. when i asked for print saving_tree outside the class it prints empty{}.. please tell me the required modification to get my required output and use saving_tree{} outside the class..

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  • How can I retrieve all the returned variables from a function?

    - by user1447941
    import random def some_function(): example = random.randint(0, 1) if example == 1: other_example = 2 else: return False return example, other_example With this example, there is a chance that either one or two variables will be returned. Usually, for one variable I'd use var = some_function() while for two, var, var2 = some_function(). How can I tell how many variables are being returned by the function?

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  • Filtering SQLAlchemy query on attribute_mapped_collection field of relationship

    - by bsa
    I have two classes, Tag and Hardware, defined with a simple parent-child relationship (see the full definition at the end). Now I want to filter a query on Tag using the version field in Hardware through an attribute_mapped_collection, eg: def get_tags(order_code=None, hardware_filters=None): session = Session() query = session.query(Tag) if order_code: query = query.filter(Tag.order_code == order_code) if hardware_filters: for k, v in hardware_filters.iteritems(): query = query.filter(getattr(Tag.hardware, k).version == v) return query.all() But I get: AttributeError: Neither 'InstrumentedAttribute' object nor 'Comparator' object associated with Tag.hardware has an attribute 'baseband The same thing happens if I strip it back by hard-coding the attribute, eg: query.filter(Tag.hardware.baseband.version == v) I can do it this way: query = query.filter(Tag.hardware.any(artefact=k, version=v)) But why can't I filter directly through the attribute? Class definitions class Tag(Base): __tablename__ = 'tag' tag_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) order_code = Column(String, nullable=False) version = Column(String, nullable=False) status = Column(String, nullable=False) comments = Column(String) hardware = relationship( "Hardware", backref="tag", collection_class=attribute_mapped_collection('artefact'), ) __table_args__ = ( UniqueConstraint('order_code', 'version'), ) class Hardware(Base): __tablename__ = 'hardware' hardware_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) tag_id = Column(String, ForeignKey('tag.tag_id')) product_id = Column(String, nullable=True) artefact = Column(String, nullable=False) version = Column(String, nullable=False)

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  • Are there viable alternatives for Web 2.0 apps besides lots of Javascript?

    - by djembe
    If you say find C-style syntax to be in the axis of evil are you just hopelessly condemned to suck it up and deal with it if you want to provide your users with cool web 2.0 applications - for example stuff that's generally done using JQuery and Ajax etc? Are there no other choices out there? We're currently building intranet apps using pylons and a bunch of JavaScript along with a bit of Evoque. So obviously for us the world would be a better place if instead something equivalent existed written in like PythonScript. But I've yet to seen anything approaching that aside from the Android system's ASE - but obviously that's something rather unrelated. Still - if browsers could support other scripting languages....

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  • Replacing text with variables

    - by Steve
    I have to send out letters to certain clients and I have a standard letter that I need to use. I want to replace some of the text inside the body of the message with variables. Here is my maturity_letter models.py class MaturityLetter(models.Model): default = models.BooleanField(default=False, blank=True) body = models.TextField(blank=True) footer = models.TextField(blank=True) Now the body has a value of this: Dear [primary-firstname], AN IMPORTANT REMINDER… You have a [product] that is maturing on [maturity_date] with [financial institution]. etc Now I would like to replace everything in brackets with my template variables. This is what I have in my views.py so far: context = {} if request.POST: start_form = MaturityLetterSetupForm(request.POST) if start_form.is_valid(): agent = request.session['agent'] start_date = start_form.cleaned_data['start_date'] end_date = start_form.cleaned_data['end_date'] investments = Investment.objects.all().filter(maturity_date__range=(start_date, end_date), plan__profile__agent=agent).order_by('maturity_date') inv_form = MaturityLetterInvestments(investments, request.POST) if inv_form.is_valid(): sel_inv = inv_form.cleaned_data['investments'] context['sel_inv'] = sel_inv maturity_letter = MaturityLetter.objects.get(id=1) context['mat_letter'] = maturity_letter context['inv_form'] = inv_form context['agent'] = agent context['show_report'] = True Now if I loop through the sel_inv I get access to sel_inv.maturity_date, etc but I am lost in how to replace the text. On my template, all I have so far is: {% if show_letter %} {{ mat_letter.body }} <br/> {{ mat_letter.footer }} {% endif %} Much appreciated.

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  • Project Euler: problem 8

    - by Marijus
    n = # some ridiculously large number, omitted N = [int(i) for i in str(n)] maxProduct = 0 for i in range(0,len(N)-4): newProduct = 1 is_cons = 0 for j in range(i,i+4): if N[j] == N[j+1] - 1: is_cons += 1 if is_cons == 5: for j in range(i,i+5): newProduct *= N[j] if newProduct > maxProduct: maxProduct = newProduct print maxProduct I've been working on this problem for hours now and I can't get this to work. I've tried doing this algorithm on paper and it works just fine.. Could you give me hints what's wrong ?

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  • Display graph without saving using pydot

    - by user506710
    Hello all I am trying to display a simple graph using pydot. My question is that is there any way to display the graph without writing it to a file as currently I use write function to first draw and then have to use the Image module to show the files. However is there any way that the graph directly gets printed on the screen without being saved ?? Also as an update I would like to ask in this same question that I observe that while the image gets saved very quickly when I use the show command of the Image module it takes noticeable time for the image to be seen .... Also sometimes I get the error that the image could'nt be opened because it was either deleted or saved in unavailable location which is not correct as I am saving it at my Desktop..... Does anyone know what's happening and is there a faster way to get the image loaded..... Thanks a lot....

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  • How to get attributes from parent?

    - by bribon
    Hi all, Let's say we have these classes: class Foo(object): _bar = "" def __init__(self): self.bar = "hello" def getBar(self): return self._bar def setBar(self, bar): self._bar = bar def getAttributes(self): for attr in self.__dict__: print attr bar = property(getBar, setBar) class Child(Foo): def __init__(self): super(Child, self).__init__() self.a = "" self.b = "" if I do something like: child = Child() child.getAttributes() I get all the attributes from parent and child. How could I get the attributes only from the parent? Thanks in advance!

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  • Converting time period strings to value/unit pair

    - by randomtoor
    I need to parse the contents of a string that represents a time period. The format of the string is value/unit, e.g.: 1s, 60min, 24h. I would separate the actual value (an int) and unit (a str) to separated variables. At the moment I do it like this: def validate_time(time): binsize = time.strip() unit = re.sub('[0-9]','',binsize) if unit not in ['s','m','min','h','l']: print "Error: unit {0} is not valid".format(unit) sys.exit(2) tmp = re.sub('[^0-9]','',binsize) try: value = int(tmp) except ValueError: print "Error: {0} is not valid".format(time) sys.exit(2) return value,unit However, it is not ideal as things like 1m0 are also (wrongly) validated (value=10,unit=m). What is the best way to validate/parse this input?

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  • filter queryset based on list, including None

    - by jujule
    Hi all I dont know if its a django bug or a feature but i have a strange ORM behaviour with MySQL. class Status(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length = 50) class Article(models.Model) status = models.ForeignKey(status, blank = True, null=True) filters = Q(status__in =[0, 1,2] ) | Q(status=None) items = Article.objects.filter(filters) this returns Article items but some have other status than requested [0,1,2,None] looking at the sql query : SELECT [..] FROM `app_article` LEFT OUTER JOIN `app_status` ON (`app_article`.`status_id` = `app_status`.`id`) WHERE (`app_article`.`status_id` IN (1, 2) OR `app_status`.`id` IS NULL) ORDER BY [...] the OR app_status.id IS NULL part seems to be the cause. if i change it to OR app_article.status_id IS NULL it works correctly. How to deal with this ? Thanx.

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  • efficiently convert string (or tuple) to ctypes array

    - by Mu Mind
    I've got code that takes a PIL image and converts it to a ctypes array to pass out to a C function: w_px, h_px = img.size pixels = struct.unpack('%dI'%(w_px*h_px), img.convert('RGBA').tostring()) pixels_array = (ctypes.c_int * len(pixels))(*pixels) But I'm dealing with big images, and unpacking that many items into function arguments seems to be noticeably slow. What's the simplest thing I can do to get a reasonable speedup? I'm only converting to a tuple as an intermediate step, so if it's unnecessary, all the better.

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  • indexing for faster search of lists in a file??

    - by kaushik
    i have a file having around 1 lakh lists and have a another file with again a list of around an average of 50.. I want to compare 2nd item of list in second file with the 2nd element of 1st file and repeat this for each of the 50 lists in 2nd file and get the result of all the matching element. I have written the code for all this,but this is taking a lot of time as it need to check the whole the 1lakh list some 50 times..i want to improve the speed... please tell me how can i do this.... i cant not post my code as it is part of big code and will be difficult to infer anything from that... please tell what can be done to improve the speed?? thank u,

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  • Trying to create a group of button sprites

    - by user1449653
    Good day, I have like 15 images I need to be buttons. I have buttons working with a Box() (Box - looks like this) class Box(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image = pygame.Surface((35, 30)) self.image = self.image.convert() self.image.fill((255, 0, 0)) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.centerx = 25 self.rect.centery = 505 self.dx = 10 self.dy = 10 I am trying to make the buttons work with image sprites. So I attempted to copy the class style of the box and do the same for my Icons.. code looks like this... class Icons(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image = pygame.image.load("images/airbrushIC.gif").convert() self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.x = 25 self.rect.y = 550 the code in the main() rect = image.get_rect() rect.x = 25 rect.y = 550 ic1 = Icons((screen.get_rect().x, screen.get_rect().y)) screen.blit(ic1.image, ic1.rect) pygame.display.update() This code produces a positional (accepts 1 argument but 2 are there) error or an image is not referenced error (inside the Icon class). I'm unsure if this is the right way to go about this anyways.. I know for sure that I need to load all the images (as sprites)... store them in an array... and then have my mouse check if it is clicking one of the items in the array using a for loop. Thanks. EDIT QUESTION 2: class Icons(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def init(self, *args): pygame.sprite.Sprite.init(self, *args) self.image = pygame.image.load("images/airbrushIC.gif").convert() self.rect = self.image.get_rect() ic1 = self.image self.rect.x = 10 self.rect.y = 490 self.image = pygame.image.load("images/fillIC.gif").convert() self.rect = self.image.get_rect() ic2 = self.image self.rect.x = 10 self.rect.y = 540 Thanks to your help I got the Icons class loading ONE image. Its not loading both. Obviously because its being overwritten by the second one. It seems that "class" for this purpose isn't what I need. Which begs the question how I make sprites outside of a class.. If there is a way to make the class work please let me know.

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