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• spoj: runlength

  - by user285825

  For RLM problem of SPOJ: This is the problem: "Run-length encoding of a number replaces a run of digits (that is, a sequence of consecutive equivalent digits) with the number of digits followed by the digit itself. For example, 44455 would become 3425 (three fours, two fives). Note that run-length encoding does not necessarily shorten the length of the data: 11 becomes 21, and 42 becomes 1412. If a number has more than nine consecutive digits of the same type, the encoding is done greedily: each run grabs as many digits as it can, so 111111111111111 is encoded as 9161. Implement an integer arithmetic calculator that takes operands and gives results in run-length format. You should support addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. You won't have to divide by zero or deal with negative numbers. Input/Output The input will consist of several test cases, one per line. For each test case, compute the run-length mathematics expression and output the original expression and the result, as shown in the examples. The (decimal) representation of all operands and results will fit in signed 64-bit integers." These are my testcases: input: 11 + 11 988726 - 978625 12 * 41 1124 / 1112 13 * 33 15 / 16 19222317121013161815142715181017 + 10 10 + 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 11 11 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 12 12 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 * 11 11 * 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 * 10 10 * 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 141621161816101118141217131817191014 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 + 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191014 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191014 + 10 10 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 + 11 11 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 * 12 12 * 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191014 - 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191013 - 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 - 10 141621161816101118141217131817191014 - 11 141621161816101118141217131817191014 - 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191013 / 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191014 * 11 11 * 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 11 11 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 10 + 10 10 + 11 10 + 15 15 + 10 11 + 10 11 + 10 10 - 10 15 - 10 10 * 10 10 * 15 15 * 10 10 / 111213 output: 11 + 11 = 12 988726 - 978625 = 919111 12 * 41 = 42 1124 / 1112 = 1112 13 * 33 = 39 15 / 16 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 + 10 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 10 + 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 11 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 11 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 11 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 12 = 141621161816101118141217131817191013 12 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 11 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 / 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 12 141621161816101118141217131817191013 / 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 * 11 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 11 * 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 * 10 = 10 10 * 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 10 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 19222317121013161815142715181017 = 10 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 141621161816101118141217131817191013 19222317121013161815142715181017 - 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191013 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 19222317121013161815142715181016 141621161816101118141217131817191013 + 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 141621161816101118141217131817191014 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 19222317121013161815142715181017 141621161816101118141217131817191014 + 10 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 10 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191013 + 11 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 11 + 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191013 * 12 = 19222317121013161815142715181016 12 * 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 19222317121013161815142715181016 141621161816101118141217131817191014 - 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 10 141621161816101118141217131817191013 - 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 10 141621161816101118141217131817191013 - 10 = 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191014 - 11 = 141621161816101118141217131817191013 141621161816101118141217131817191014 - 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 11 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 11 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 11 141621161816101118141217131817191013 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 10 141621161816101118141217131817191013 / 141621161816101118141217131817191013 = 11 141621161816101118141217131817191014 * 11 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 11 * 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 141621161816101118141217131817191014 / 11 = 141621161816101118141217131817191014 11 / 141621161816101118141217131817191014 = 10 10 + 10 = 10 10 + 11 = 11 10 + 15 = 15 15 + 10 = 15 11 + 10 = 11 11 + 10 = 11 10 - 10 = 10 15 - 10 = 15 10 * 10 = 10 10 * 15 = 10 15 * 10 = 10 10 / 111213 = 10 I am getting consistently wrong answer. I generated the above testcases trying to make them as representative as possible (boundary conditions, etc). I am not sure how to test it further. Some guidline would be really appreciated.

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• Advanced SQL Data Compare throught multiple tables

  - by podosta

  Hello, Consider the situation below. Two tables (A & B), in two environments (DEV & TEST), with records in those tables. If you look the content of the tables, you understand that functionnal data are identical. I mean except the PK and FK values, the name Roger is sill connected to Fruit & Vegetable. In DEV environment : Table A 1 Roger 2 Kevin Table B (italic field is FK to table A) 1 1 Fruit 2 1 Vegetable 3 2 Meat In TEST environment : Table A 4 Roger 5 Kevin Table B (italic field is FK to table A) 7 4 Fruit 8 4 Vegetable 9 5 Meat I'm looking for a SQL Data Compare tool which will tell me there is no difference in the above case. Or if there is, it will generate insert & update scripts with the right order (insert first in A then B) Thanks a lot guys, Grégoire

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• Can I have conditional construction of classes when using IoC.Resolve ?

  - by Corpsekicker

  I have a service class which has overloaded constructors. One constructor has 5 parameters and the other has 4. Before I call, var service = IoC.Resolve<IService>(); I want to do a test and based on the result of this test, resolve service using a specific constructor. In other words, bool testPassed = CheckCertainConditions(); if (testPassed) { //Resolve service using 5 paramater constructor } else { //Resolve service using 4 parameter constructor //If I use 5 parameter constructor under these conditions I will have epic fail. } Is there a way I can specify which one I want to use?

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• Problem sending mail with simple .net application. Server refusal error.

  - by Fatih

  I have a very simple .net application for testing SMTP on .net. But i am receiving this weird error. "System.Net.Mail.SmtpException: Failure sending mail. --- System.Net.WebException: Unable to connect to the remote server --- System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it" SMTP server is remote and doesn't need any kind of authentication so i don't need credentials. But i can send mails from this computer with outlook using same smtp server and same smtp settings without any problem. Any ideas? It will be appreciated so much. Imports System.Net.Mail Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim smtp As New SmtpClient smtp.Host = "10.241.128.220" smtp.Port = 25 smtp.Send("[email protected]", "[email protected]", "test", "test") End Sub

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• Getting a 404 when setting up MVC in IIS 6 and using .NET 4 beta 2

  - by joshcomley

  Hi all, I've completed this set up on a fair few IIS 6 boxes, but one is giving me a tough time. The problem occurs when I add the application extension mapping to: c:\windows\microsoft.net\framework\v4.0.21006\aspnet_isapi.dll When this is in place, I get a 404 error on every request. Even if I remove all files from the application directory apart from a basic test.htm and navigate to that, I still get a 404. I've unchecked the "Verify that file exists" I've set up a .NET 4 application pool and pointed my application to that I've changed the ASP.NET version to 4.0.21006 I've checked the IIS log file, and there's nothing useful in there (it only shows the first bunch of requests after each reboot and then stops logging) I've checked the application event log and nothing gets reported I've installed MVC 2 I've copied the set up onto another box, just to be sure, following all the same steps - and it all works! What else can I look out for?? N.B: If I set .NET to v2 in IIS, then I can successfully navigate to \test.htm

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• Install app on Motorola Backflip from AT&T

  - by eric

  I'm trying to test an app out on the Motorola Backflip with AT&T as the carrier. I checked USB debugging on the phone's Development screen. Using Eclipse, how do I get the app to load on the Backflip so I can test it? DDMS shows a device with a bunch of question marks and unkown. Seems that it only gives me the option to load the app on the SD card which doesn't do me any good. I searched and found a Motorola driver which I'm supposed to install to the adb folder. Where is that folder? I've checked the phone and on my development machine. Maybe I need new glasses?

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• Reproduce PIPE functionality in IronPython

  - by Muppet Geoff

  Hi, I am hoping some genious out there can help me out with this... I am using sox to merge and resample a group of WAV files, and pipe the output directly to the input of NeroAACEnc for encoding to AAC format. I originally ran the process in a script, which included: sox.exe d:\audio\1.wav d:\audio\2.wav d:\audio\3.wav -c 1 -r 22050 -t wav - | neroAacEnc.exe -q 0.5 -if - -of test.m4a This worked as expected. The '-' in the comand line translates as 'Pipe/redirect input/output (stdin/stdout)' - So Sox pipes to stdout, and NeroAACEnc reads from stdin, the | joins them together. I then migrated the whole solution to Python, and the equivalent command became: from subprocess import call, Popen, PIPE runwav = Popen(['sox.exe', 'd:\audio\1.wav', 'd:\audio\2.wav', 'd:\audio\3.wav', '-c', '1', '-r', '22050', '-t', 'wav', '-'], shell=False, stdout=PIPE) runm4b = call(['neroAacEnc.exe', '-q', '0.5', '-if', '-', '-of', 'test.m4a'], shell=False, stdin=runwav.stdout) This also worked like a charm, exactly as expected. Slightly more convoluted, but hey :) Well now I have to move it to IronPython, and the Subprocess module isn't available (the partial implementation that is, doesn't have Popen/PIPE support - plus it seems silly to add a custom library when there is probably a native alternative). I should mention here, that I opted for IronPython over C#, because I am comfortable with Python now - however, there is a chance of moving it again later to C# native, and I am using IronPython to ease myself into it :) I have no C# or .net experience. So far I have the following equivalent, that sets up the 2 processes: from System.Diagnostics import Process wav = Process() wav.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = False wav.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = True wav.StartInfo.FileName = 'sox.exe' wav.StartInfo.Arguments = 'd:\audio\1.wav d:\audio\2.wav d:\audio\3.wav -c 1 -r 22050 -t wav -' wav.Start() m4b = Process() m4b.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = False m4b.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = True m4b.StartInfo.FileName = 'neroAacEnc.exe' m4b.StartInfo.Arguments = '-q 0.5 -if - -of test.m4a' m4b.Start() I know that these 2 processes start (I can see Nero and Sox in the task manager) but what I can't figure out (for the life of me) is how to string the two output/input streams together, as with the previous two solutions. I have searched and searched, so I thought I'd ask! If anyone knows either: How to join the two streams with the same net result as the Python and Commandline versions; or A better way to acheive what I am trying to do. I would be extremely grateful! Many thanks in advance, Geoff P.S. A code sample based off the above would be awesome :) or a specific code example of a similar process that I can easily translate... this has broked my brayne.

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• Loading fixtures in django unit tests

  - by loder

  I'm trying to start writing unit tests for django and I'm having some questions about fixtures: I made a fixture of my whole project db (not certain application) and I want to load it for each test, because it looks like loading only the fixture for certain app won't be enough. I'd like to have the fixture stored in /proj_folder/fixtures/proj_fixture.json. I've set the FIXTURE_DIRS = ('/fixtures/',) in my settings.py. Then in my testcase I'm trying fixtures = ['proj_fixture.json'] but my fixtures don't load. How can this be solved? How to add the place for searching fixtures? In general, is it ok to load the fixture for the whole test_db for each test in each app (if it's quite small)? Thanks!

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• CSS Margins Increase with H1 Length

  - by Ethan Turkeltaub

  Consider the following markup: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Test Page</title> <link href="screen.css" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <h1>Test</h1> <h3>Description</h3> </body> </html> And the CSS: h3{ margin-top: -25px; } Now, I want the H3 to have a margin-left of however long H1 is, and it is consistently 20px away. So, if I have a H1 block of 200px long, then H3 would have a margin-left of 220px, and so on and so forth. How would I do this?

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• Flex URLRequest Timeout

  - by MooCow

  I have a Flex program that gets a JSON array from a PHP script. The PHP script doesn't contain just a simple JSON array but it grabs data from Activecollab and do some work on the data before encoding the data. The first test involve a small JSON array that took a short time to encode by PHP. However, when I try to scale up the test, the Flash movie will crash trying to load the JSON data from PHP. There's no code difference between the tests, just the amount of data and amount of time it takes PHP to encode. Am I looking at a memory problem or a time out problem? PS: When I call the PHP script in Firefox, it doesn't time out and still return a JSON array. It just took awhile to return the array.

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• .NET: IOException for permissions when creating new file?

  - by Rosarch

  I am trying to create a new file and write XML to it: FileStream output = File.Create(Path.Combine(PATH_TO_DATA_DIR, fileName)); The argument evaluates to: C:\path\to\Data\test.xml The exception is: The process cannot access the file 'C:\path\to\Data\test.xml' because it is being used by another process. What am I doing wrong here? UPDATE: This code throws the same exception: StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(Path.Combine(PATH_TO_DATA_DIR, fileName)); UPDATE 2: The file I am trying to create does not exist in the file system. So how can be it in use?

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• input type text and onKeyDown not working under IE

  - by dygi

  Hi there. I am writing a WWW application, it has to run under IE. I have the problem with the code that runs under FF, but i can't get it running under IE. // JS code function test() { if (window.event.keyCpde == 13) window.location.href.ssign("myPage.php"); } I've tried some similar ways around window.location and location.href, also document.location. I've read that IE has problems with that, so i ask for a solution. The goal is, that page reloads after typing in some text into <input type='text' name='item_code' onKeyDown='test()'> and click enter. So the result is similar to pressing submit type button below the text input. Within IE it reloads the same page and nothing happens. In FF it correctly works.

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• 8 Reasons Why Even Microsoft Agrees the Windows Desktop is a Nightmare

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Let’s be honest: The Windows desktop is a mess. Sure, it’s extremely powerful and has a huge software library, but it’s not a good experience for average people. It’s not even a good experience for geeks, although we tolerate it. Even Microsoft agrees about this. Microsoft’s Surface tablets with Windows RT don’t support any third-party desktop apps. They consider this a feature — users can’t install malware and other desktop junk, so the system will always be speedy and secure. Malware is Still Common Malware may not affect geeks, but it certainly continues to affect average people. Securing Windows, keeping it secure, and avoiding unsafe programs is a complex process. There are over 50 different file extensions that can contain harmful code to keep track of. It’s easy to have theoretical discussions about how malware could infect Mac computers, Android devices, and other systems. But Mac malware is extremely rare, and has  generally been caused by problem with the terrible Java plug-in. Macs are configured to only run executables from identified developers by default, whereas Windows will run everything. Android malware is talked about a lot, but Android malware is rare in the real world and is generally confined to users who disable security protections and install pirated apps. Google has also taken action, rolling out built-in antivirus-like app checking to all Android devices, even old ones running Android 2.3, via Play Services. Whatever the reason, Windows malware is still common while malware for other systems isn’t. We all know it — anyone who does tech support for average users has dealt with infected Windows computers. Even users who can avoid malware are stuck dealing with complex and nagging antivirus programs, especially since it’s now so difficult to trust Microsoft’s antivirus products. Manufacturer-Installed Bloatware is Terrible Sit down with a new Mac, Chromebook, iPad, Android tablet, Linux laptop, or even a Surface running Windows RT and you can enjoy using your new device. The system is a clean slate for you to start exploring and installing your new software. Sit down with a new Windows PC and the system is a mess. Rather than be delighted, you’re stuck reinstalling Windows and then installing the necessary drivers or you’re forced to start uninstalling useless bloatware programs one-by-one, trying to figure out which ones are actually useful. After uninstalling the useless programs, you may end up with a system tray full of icons for ten different hardware utilities anyway. The first experience of using a new Windows PC is frustration, not delight. Yes, bloatware is still a problem on Windows 8 PCs. Manufacturers can customize the Refresh image, preventing bloatware rom easily being removed. Finding a Desktop Program is Dangerous Want to install a Windows desktop program? Well, you’ll have to head to your web browser and start searching. It’s up to you, the user, to know which programs are safe and which are dangerous. Even if you find a website for a reputable program, the advertisements on that page will often try to trick you into downloading fake installers full of adware. While it’s great to have the ability to leave the app store and get software that the platform’s owner hasn’t approved — as on Android — this is no excuse for not providing a good, secure software installation experience for typical users installing typical programs. Even Reputable Desktop Programs Try to Install Junk Even if you do find an entirely reputable program, you’ll have to keep your eyes open while installing it. It will likely try to install adware, add browse toolbars, change your default search engine, or change your web browser’s home page. Even Microsoft’s own programs do this — when you install Skype for Windows desktop, it will attempt to modify your browser settings t ouse Bing, even if you’re specially chosen another search engine and home page. With Microsoft setting such an example, it’s no surprise so many other software developers have followed suit. Geeks know how to avoid this stuff, but there’s a reason program installers continue to do this. It works and tricks many users, who end up with junk installed and settings changed. The Update Process is Confusing On iOS, Android, and Windows RT, software updates come from a single place — the app store. On Linux, software updates come from the package manager. On Mac OS X, typical users’ software updates likely come from the Mac App Store. On the Windows desktop, software updates come from… well, every program has to create its own update mechanism. Users have to keep track of all these updaters and make sure their software is up-to-date. Most programs now have their act together and automatically update by default, but users who have old versions of Flash and Adobe Reader installed are vulnerable until they realize their software isn’t automatically updating. Even if every program updates properly, the sheer mess of updaters is clunky, slow, and confusing in comparison to a centralized update process. Browser Plugins Open Security Holes It’s no surprise that other modern platforms like iOS, Android, Chrome OS, Windows RT, and Windows Phone don’t allow traditional browser plugins, or only allow Flash and build it into the system. Browser plugins provide a wealth of different ways for malicious web pages to exploit the browser and open the system to attack. Browser plugins are one of the most popular attack vectors because of how many users have out-of-date plugins and how many plugins, especially Java, seem to be designed without taking security seriously. Oracle’s Java plugin even tries to install the terrible Ask toolbar when installing security updates. That’s right — the security update process is also used to cram additional adware into users’ machines so unscrupulous companies like Oracle can make a quick buck. It’s no wonder that most Windows PCs have an out-of-date, vulnerable version of Java installed. Battery Life is Terrible Windows PCs have bad battery life compared to Macs, IOS devices, and Android tablets, all of which Windows now competes with. Even Microsoft’s own Surface Pro 2 has bad battery life. Apple’s 11-inch MacBook Air, which has very similar hardware to the Surface Pro 2, offers double its battery life when web browsing. Microsoft has been fond of blaming third-party hardware manufacturers for their poorly optimized drivers in the past, but there’s no longer any room to hide. The problem is clearly Windows. Why is this? No one really knows for sure. Perhaps Microsoft has kept on piling Windows component on top of Windows component and many older Windows components were never properly optimized. Windows Users Become Stuck on Old Windows Versions Apple’s new OS X 10.9 Mavericks upgrade is completely free to all Mac users and supports Macs going back to 2007. Apple has also announced their intention that all new releases of Mac OS X will be free. In 2007, Microsoft had just shipped Windows Vista. Macs from the Windows Vista era are being upgraded to the latest version of the Mac operating system for free, while Windows PCs from the same era are probably still using Windows Vista. There’s no easy upgrade path for these people. They’re stuck using Windows Vista and maybe even the outdated Internet Explorer 9 if they haven’t installed a third-party web browser. Microsoft’s upgrade path is for these people to pay $120 for a full copy of Windows 8.1 and go through a complicated process that’s actaully a clean install. Even users of Windows 8 devices will probably have to pay money to upgrade to Windows 9, while updates for other operating systems are completely free. If you’re a PC geek, a PC gamer, or someone who just requires specialized software that only runs on Windows, you probably use the Windows desktop and don’t want to switch. That’s fine, but it doesn’t mean the Windows desktop is actually a good experience. Much of the burden falls on average users, who have to struggle with malware, bloatware, adware bundled in installers, complex software installation processes, and out-of-date software. In return, all they get is the ability to use a web browser and some basic Office apps that they could use on almost any other platform without all the hassle. Microsoft would agree with this, touting Windows RT and their new “Windows 8-style” app platform as the solution. Why else would Microsoft, a “devices and services” company, position the Surface — a device without traditional Windows desktop programs — as their mass-market device recommended for average people? This isn’t necessarily an endorsement of Windows RT. If you’re tech support for your family members and it comes time for them to upgrade, you may want to get them off the Windows desktop and tell them to get a Mac or something else that’s simple. Better yet, if they get a Mac, you can tell them to visit the Apple Store for help instead of calling you. That’s another thing Windows PCs don’t offer — good manufacturer support. Image Credit: Blanca Stella Mejia on Flickr, Collin Andserson on Flickr, Luca Conti on Flickr     

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• Downloading Video on iPhone using SDK

  - by Vivek Navadia

  Hello All I would like to develop such iphone application that provides functionality to download viedo. i am doing some as below 1) Loading HTML content on web view 2) The loaded html content contains the video link (i.e http://test.com/test.mp4") 3) When i click on that it will play the video in native player. 4) but i would like to prevent this thing and start downloading video from that URL for example, if i click on link it should not open native video player, it should start downloading from that url and store somewhere on iphone (i.e document directory) is there any solution for same? Thanks Vivek

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• Nullable ToString()

  - by StupidDeveloper

  I see everywhere constructions like: int? myVar = null; string test = myVar.HasValue ? myVar.Value.ToString() : string.Empty; Why not use simply: string test = myVar.ToString(); Isn't that exactly the same ? At least Reflector says that: public override string ToString() { if (!this.HasValue) { return ""; } return this.value.ToString(); } So, is that correct (the shorter version) or am I missing something?

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• Fulltext search for django : Mysql not so bad ? (vs sphinx, xapian)

  - by Eric

  I am studying fulltext search engines for django. It must be simple to install, fast indexing, fast index update, not blocking while indexing, fast search. After reading many web pages, I put in short list : Mysql MYISAM fulltext, djapian/python-xapian, and django-sphinx I did not choose lucene because it seems complex, nor haystack as it has less features than djapian/django-sphinx (like fields weighting). Then I made some benchmarks, to do so, I collected many free books on the net to generate a database table with 1 485 000 records (id,title,body), each record is about 600 bytes long. From the database, I also generated a list of 100 000 existing words and shuffled them to create a search list. For the tests, I made 2 runs on my laptop (4Go RAM, Dual core 2.0Ghz): the first one, just after a server reboot to clear all caches, the second is done juste after in order to test how good are cached results. Here are the "home made" benchmark results : 1485000 records with Title (150 bytes) and body (450 bytes) Mysql 5.0.75/Ubuntu 9.04 Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 7m14.146s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:11.553524 next run : 0:00:00.168508 Mysql 5.5.4 m3/Ubuntu 9.04 Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 6m08.154s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:11.553524 next run : 0:00:00.168508 1 thread, 100000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 9m09s next run : 5m38s 1 thread, 10000 random strings (random strings should not be found in database) : just after the 100000 search test : 0:00:15.007353 1 thread, boolean search : 1000 x (+word1 +word2) First run : 0:00:21.205404 next run : 0:00:00.145098 Djapian Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 84m7.601s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database with prefetch : First run : 0:02:28.085680 next run : 0:00:14.300236 python-xapian Fulltext : ========================================================================== 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:26.402084 next run : 0:00:00.695092 django-sphinx Fulltext : ========================================================================== Full indexing : 1m25.957s 1 thread, 1000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 0:01:30.073001 next run : 0:00:05.203294 1 thread, 100000 searchs with single word randomly taken from database : First run : 12m48s next run : 9m45s 1 thread, 10000 random strings (random strings should not be found in database) : just after the 100000 search test : 0:00:23.535319 1 thread, boolean search : 1000 x (word1 word2) First run : 0:00:20.856486 next run : 0:00:03.005416 As you can see, Mysql is not so bad at all for fulltext search. In addition, its query cache is very efficient. Mysql seems to me a good choice as there is nothing to install (I need just to write a small script to synchronize an Innodb production table to a MyISAM search table) and as I do not really need advanced search feature like stemming etc... Here is the question : What do you think about Mysql fulltext search engine vs sphinx and xapian ?

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• Overriding LINQ extension methods

  - by Ruben Vermeersch

  Is there a way to override extension methods (provide a better implementation), without explicitly having to cast to them? I'm implementing a data type that is able to handle certain operations more efficiently than the default extension methods, but I'd like to keep the generality of IEnumerable. That way any IEnumerable can be passed, but when my class is passed in, it should be more efficient. As a toy example, consider the following: // Compile: dmcs -out:test.exe test.cs using System; namespace Test { public interface IBoat { void Float (); } public class NiceBoat : IBoat { public void Float () { Console.WriteLine ("NiceBoat floating!"); } } public class NicerBoat : IBoat { public void Float () { Console.WriteLine ("NicerBoat floating!"); } public void BlowHorn () { Console.WriteLine ("NicerBoat: TOOOOOT!"); } } public static class BoatExtensions { public static void BlowHorn (this IBoat boat) { Console.WriteLine ("Patched on horn for {0}: TWEET", boat.GetType().Name); } } public class TestApp { static void Main (string [] args) { IBoat niceboat = new NiceBoat (); IBoat nicerboat = new NicerBoat (); Console.WriteLine ("## Both should float:"); niceboat.Float (); nicerboat.Float (); // Output: // NiceBoat floating! // NicerBoat floating! Console.WriteLine (); Console.WriteLine ("## One has an awesome horn:"); niceboat.BlowHorn (); nicerboat.BlowHorn (); // Output: // Patched on horn for NiceBoat: TWEET // Patched on horn for NicerBoat: TWEET Console.WriteLine (); Console.WriteLine ("## That didn't work, but it does when we cast:"); (niceboat as NiceBoat).BlowHorn (); (nicerboat as NicerBoat).BlowHorn (); // Output: // Patched on horn for NiceBoat: TWEET // NicerBoat: TOOOOOT! Console.WriteLine (); Console.WriteLine ("## Problem is: I don't always know the type of the objects."); Console.WriteLine ("## How can I make it use the class objects when the are"); Console.WriteLine ("## implemented and extension methods when they are not,"); Console.WriteLine ("## without having to explicitely cast?"); } } } Is there a way to get the behavior from the second case, without explict casting? Can this problem be avoided?

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• Use Any() and Count() in Dynamic Linq

  - by ArpanDesai

  I am trying to write dynamic Linq Library query to fetch record on condition, Customers who has order count is greater than 3 and ShipVia field equal 2. Below is my syntax what i have tried. object[] objArr = new object[10]; objArr[0] = 1; IQueryable<Customer> test = db.Customers.Where("Orders.Count(ShipVia=2)", objArr); and IQueryable<Customer> test = db.Customers.Where("Orders.Any(ShipVia=2).Count()", objArr); But both are not working. In second query Any returns true so it won't work with Count. Suggest me a way to implement this.

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• How to tell if SPARC T4 crypto is being used?

  - by danx

  A question that often comes up when running applications on SPARC T4 systems is "How can I tell if hardware crypto accleration is being used?" To review, the SPARC T4 processor includes a crypto unit that supports several crypto instructions. For hardware crypto these include 11 AES instructions, 4 xmul* instructions (for AES GCM carryless multiply), mont for Montgomery multiply (optimizes RSA and DSA), and 5 des_* instructions (for DES3). For hardware hash algorithm optimization, the T4 has the md5, sha1, sha256, and sha512 instructions (the last two are used for SHA-224 an SHA-384). First off, it's easy to tell if the processor T4 crypto instructions—use the isainfo -v command and look for "sparcv9" and "aes" (and other hash and crypto algorithms) in the output: $ isainfo -v 64-bit sparcv9 applications crc32c cbcond pause mont mpmul sha512 sha256 sha1 md5 camellia kasumi des aes ima hpc vis3 fmaf asi_blk_init vis2 vis popc These instructions are not-privileged, so are available for direct use in user-level applications and libraries (such as OpenSSL). Here is the "openssl speed -evp" command shown with the built-in t4 engine and with the pkcs11 engine. Both run the T4 AES instructions, but the t4 engine is faster than the pkcs11 engine because it has less overhead (especially for smaller packet sizes): t-4 $ /usr/bin/openssl version OpenSSL 1.0.0j 10 May 2012 t-4 $ /usr/bin/openssl engine (t4) SPARC T4 engine support (dynamic) Dynamic engine loading support (pkcs11) PKCS #11 engine support t-4 $ /usr/bin/openssl speed -evp aes-128-cbc # t4 engine used by default . . . The 'numbers' are in 1000s of bytes per second processed. type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes aes-128-cbc 487777.10k 816822.21k 986012.59k 1017029.97k 1053543.08k t-4 $ /usr/bin/openssl speed -engine pkcs11 -evp aes-128-cbc engine "pkcs11" set. . . . The 'numbers' are in 1000s of bytes per second processed. type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes aes-128-cbc 31703.58k 116636.39k 350672.81k 696170.50k 993599.49k Note: The "-evp" flag indicates use the OpenSSL "EnVeloPe" API, which gives more accurate results. That's because it tells OpenSSL to use the same API that external programs use when calling OpenSSL libcrypto functions, evp(3openssl). DTrace Shows if T4 Crypto Functions Are Used OK, good enough, the isainfo(1) command shows the instructions are present, but how does one know if they are being used? Chi-Chang Lin, who works on Oracle Solaris performance, wrote a Dtrace script to show if T4 instructions are being executed. To show the T4 instructions are being used, run the following Dtrace script. Look for functions named "t4" and "yf" in the output. The OpenSSL T4 engine uses functions named "t4" and the PKCS#11 engine uses functions named "yf". To demonstrate, I'll first run "openssl speed" with the built-in t4 engine then with the pkcs11 engine. The performance numbers are not valid due to dtrace probes slowing things down. t-4 # dtrace -Z -n ' pid$target::*yf*:entry,pid$target::*t4_*:entry{ @[probemod, probefunc] = count();}' \ -c "/usr/bin/openssl speed -evp aes-128-cbc" dtrace: description 'pid$target::*yf*:entry' matched 101 probes . . . dtrace: pid 2029 has exited libcrypto.so.1.0.0 ENGINE_load_t4 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_DH 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_DSA 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_RSA 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_destroy 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_free_aes_ctr_NIDs 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_init 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_add_NID 3 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_aes_expand128 5 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_cipher_init_aes 5 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_get_all_ciphers 6 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_get_all_digests 59 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_digest_final_sha1 65 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_digest_init_sha1 65 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_sha1_multiblock 126 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_digest_update_sha1 261 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_aes128_cbc_encrypt 1432979 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_aes128_load_keys_for_encrypt 1432979 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_cipher_do_aes_128_cbc 1432979 t-4 # dtrace -Z -n 'pid$target::*yf*:entry{ @[probemod, probefunc] = count();}   pid$target::*yf*:entry,pid$target::*t4_*:entry{ @[probemod, probefunc] = count();}' \ -c "/usr/bin/openssl speed -engine pkcs11 -evp aes-128-cbc" dtrace: description 'pid$target::*yf*:entry' matched 101 probes engine "pkcs11" set. . . . dtrace: pid 2033 has exited libcrypto.so.1.0.0 ENGINE_load_t4 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_DH 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_DSA 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_RSA 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_destroy 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_free_aes_ctr_NIDs 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_get_all_ciphers 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_get_all_digests 1 libsoftcrypto.so.1 rijndael_key_setup_enc_yf 1 libsoftcrypto.so.1 yf_aes_expand128 1 libcrypto.so.1.0.0 t4_add_NID 3 libsoftcrypto.so.1 yf_aes128_cbc_encrypt 1542330 libsoftcrypto.so.1 yf_aes128_load_keys_for_encrypt 1542330 So, as shown above the OpenSSL built-in t4 engine executes t4_* functions (which are hand-coded assembly executing the T4 AES instructions) and the OpenSSL pkcs11 engine executes *yf* functions. Programmatic Use of OpenSSL T4 engine The OpenSSL t4 engine is used automatically with the /usr/bin/openssl command line. Chi-Chang Lin also points out that if you're calling the OpenSSL API (libcrypto.so) from a program, you must call ENGINE_load_built_engines(), otherwise the built-in t4 engine will not be loaded. You do not call ENGINE_set_default(). That's because "openssl speed -evp" test calls ENGINE_load_built_engines() even though the "-engine" option wasn't specified. OpenSSL T4 engine Availability The OpenSSL t4 engine is available with Solaris 11 and 11.1. For Solaris 10 08/11 (U10), you need to use the OpenSSL pkcs311 engine. The OpenSSL t4 engine is distributed only with the version of OpenSSL distributed with Solaris (and not third-party or self-compiled versions of OpenSSL). The OpenSSL engine implements the AES cipher for Solaris 11, released 11/2011. For Solaris 11.1, released 11/2012, the OpenSSL engine adds optimization for the MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 hash algorithms, and DES-3. Although the T4 processor has Camillia and Kasumi block cipher instructions, these are not implemented in the OpenSSL T4 engine. The following charts may help view availability of optimizations. The first chart shows what's available with Solaris CLIs and APIs, the second chart shows what's available in Solaris OpenSSL. Native Solaris Optimization for SPARC T4 This table is shows Solaris native CLI and API support. As such, they are all available with the OpenSSL pkcs11 engine. CLIs: "openssl -engine pkcs11", encrypt(1), decrypt(1), mac(1), digest(1), MD5sum(1), SHA1sum(1), SHA224sum(1), SHA256sum(1), SHA384sum(1), SHA512sum(1) APIs: PKCS#11 library libpkcs11(3LIB) (incluDES Openssl pkcs11 engine), libMD(3LIB), and Solaris kernel modules AlgorithmSolaris 1008/11 (U10)Solaris 11Solaris 11.1 AES-ECB, AES-CBC, AES-CTR, AES-CBC AES-CFB128 XXX DES3-ECB, DES3-CBC, DES2-ECB, DES2-CBC, DES-ECB, DES-CBC XXX bignum Montgomery multiply (RSA, DSA) XXX MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512 XXX SHA-224 X ARCFOUR (RC4) X Solaris OpenSSL T4 Engine Optimization This table is for the Solaris OpenSSL built-in t4 engine. Algorithms listed above are also available through the OpenSSL pkcs11 engine. CLI: openssl(1openssl) APIs: openssl(5), engine(3openssl), evp(3openssl), libcrypto crypto(3openssl) AlgorithmSolaris 11Solaris 11SRU2Solaris 11.1 AES-ECB, AES-CBC, AES-CTR, AES-CBC AES-CFB128 XXX DES3-ECB, DES3-CBC, DES-ECB, DES-CBC X bignum Montgomery multiply (RSA, DSA) X MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512 XX SHA-224 X Source Code Availability Solaris Most of the T4 assembly code that called the new T4 crypto instructions was written by Ferenc Rákóczi of the Solaris Security group, with assistance from others. You can download the Solaris source for this and other parts of Solaris as a few zip files at the Oracle Download website. The relevant source files are generally under directories usr/src/common/crypto/{aes,arcfour,des,md5,modes,sha1,sha2}}/sun4v/. and usr/src/common/bignum/sun4v/. Solaris 11 binary is available from the Oracle Solaris 11 download website. OpenSSL t4 engine The source for the OpenSSL t4 engine, which is based on the Solaris source above, is viewable through the OpenGrok source code browser in directory src/components/openssl/openssl-1.0.0/engines/t4 . You can download the source from the same website or through Mercurial source code management, hg(1). Conclusion Oracle Solaris with SPARC T4 provides a rich set of accelerated cryptographic and hash algorithms. Using the latest update, Solaris 11.1, provides the best set of optimized algorithms, but alternatives are often available, sometimes slightly slower, for releases back to Solaris 10 08/11 (U10). Reference See also these earlier blogs. SPARC T4 OpenSSL Engine by myself, Dan Anderson (2011), discusses the Openssl T4 engine and reviews the SPARC T4 processor for the Solaris 11 release. Exciting Crypto Advances with the T4 processor and Oracle Solaris 11 by Valerie Fenwick (2011) discusses crypto algorithms that were optimized for the T4 processor with the Solaris 11 FCS (11/11) and Solaris 10 08/11 (U10) release. T4 Crypto Cheat Sheet by Stefan Hinker (2012) discusses how to make T4 crypto optimization available to various consumers (such as SSH, Java, OpenSSL, Apache, etc.) High Performance Security For Oracle Database and Fusion Middleware Applications using SPARC T4 (PDF, 2012) discusses SPARC T4 and its usage to optimize application security. Configuring Oracle iPlanet WebServer / Oracle Traffic Director to use crypto accelerators on T4-1 servers by Meena Vyas (2012)

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• How to mock protected virtual members with Rhino.Mocks?

  - by Vadim

  Moq allows developers to mock protected members. I was looking for the same functionality in Rhino.Mocks but fail to find it. Here's an example from Moq Quick Start page how to mock protected method. // at the top of the test fixture using Moq.Protected() // in the test var mock = new Mock<CommandBase>(); mock.Protected() .Setup<int>("Execute") .Returns(5); // if you need argument matching, you MUST use ItExpr rather than It // planning on improving this for vNext mock.Protected() .Setup<string>("Execute", ItExpr.IsAny<string>()) .Returns(true); Let me know if I'm chasing something that doesn't exit.

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• How can I properly use environment variables encoded as Windows-1251 in Perl?

  - by Kartlee

  I have an environment variable set in Windows as TEST=abc£ which uses Windows-1252 code page. Now, when I run a Perl program test.pl this environment value comes properly. When I call another Perl code - test2.pl from test1.pl either by system(..) or Win32::Process, the environment comes garbled. Can someone provide information why this could be and way to resolve it? The version of perl I am using is 5.8. If my understanding is right, perl internally uses utf-8, so the initial process - test1.pl received it right from Windows-1252 → utf-8. When we call another process, should we convert back to Windows-1252 code page?

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• How to create a folder for each item in a directory?

  - by Adrian Andronic

  I'm having trouble making folders that I create go where I want them to go. For each file in a given folder, I want to create a new folder, then put that file in the new folder. My problem is that the new folders I create are being put in the parent directory, not the one I want. My example: def createFolder(): dir_name = 'C:\\Users\\Adrian\\Entertainment\\Coding\\Test Folder' files = os.listdir(dir_name) for i in files: os.mkdir(i) Let's say that my files in that directory are Hello.txt and Goodbye.txt. When I run the script, it makes new folders for these files, but puts them one level above, in 'C:\Users\Adrian\Entertainment\Coding. How do I make it so they are created in the same place as the files, AKA 'C:\Users\Adrian\Entertainment\Coding\Test Folder'?

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• Use super with before_validation.

  - by krunal shah

  I have this code in my every model. Class people def before_validation @attributes.each do |key,value| self[key] = nil if value.blank? end end end Now i want to put my loop in separate module. Like Module test def before_validation @attributes.each do |key,value| self[key] = nil if value.blank? end end end And i want to call this before_validation this way Class people include test def before_validation super .....Here is my other logic part..... end end Are there any way to do it like that in rails??

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• Hibernate exception

  - by Mark

  Hi all, im new to hibernate! i have followed the netbeans tutorial on creating a hibernate enabled application. after sucessfully creating a database in mysql workbench i reversed engineered the pojos etc and then tried to run a simple query(from Course) and got the following org.hibernate.MappingException: An association from the table coursemodule refers to an unmapped class: DAL.Module at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompileForeignKeys(Configuration.java:1252) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1170) at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.secondPassCompile(AnnotationConfiguration.java:324) at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1286) at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.buildSessionFactory(AnnotationConfiguration.java:859) heres the generated class for Course package DAL; // Generated 02-May-2010 16:41:16 by Hibernate Tools 3.2.1.GA import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; /** * Course generated by hbm2java */ public class Course implements java.io.Serializable { private int id; private String name; private Set<Module> modules = new HashSet<Module>(0); public Course() { } public Course(int id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public Course(int id, String name, Set<Module> modules) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.modules = modules; } public int getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set<Module> getModules() { return this.modules; } public void setModules(Set<Module> modules) { this.modules = modules; } } and its config file course.hbm.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Generated 02-May-2010 16:41:16 by Hibernate Tools 3.2.1.GA --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="DAL.Course" table="course" catalog="walkthrough"> <id name="id" type="int"> <column name="id" /> <generator class="assigned" /> </id> <property name="name" type="string"> <column name="name" not-null="true" /> </property> <set name="modules" inverse="false" table="coursemodule"> <key> <column name="courseId" not-null="true" unique="true" /> </key> <many-to-many entity-name="DAL.Module"> <column name="moduleId" not-null="true" unique="true" /> </many-to-many> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping> hibernate.reveng.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-reverse-engineering PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Reverse Engineering DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-reverse-engineering-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-reverse-engineering> <schema-selection match-catalog="Walkthrough"/> <table-filter match-name="walkthrough"/> <table-filter match-name="course"/> <table-filter match-name="module"/> <table-filter match-name="studentmodule"/> <table-filter match-name="attendee"/> <table-filter match-name="student"/> <table-filter match-name="coursemodule"/> <table-filter match-name="session"/> <table-filter match-name="test"/> </hibernate-reverse-engineering> hibernate.cfg.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Walkthrough</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password">password</property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property> <mapping resource="DAL/Student.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="DAL/Walkthrough.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="DAL/Test.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="DAL/Module.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="DAL/Session.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="DAL/Course.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration> any ideas on why im getting this exception? ps. test is just a table with an id in it and is not related to anything. running "from Test" works

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• How do I prevent the concurrent execution of a javascript function?

  - by RyanV

  I am making a ticker similar to the "From the AP" one at The Huffington Post, using jQuery. The ticker rotates through a ul, either by user command (clicking an arrow) or by an auto-scroll. Each list-item is display:none by default. It is revealed by the addition of a "showHeadline" class which is display:list-item. HTML for the UL Looks like this: <ul class="news" id="news"> <li class="tickerTitle showHeadline">Test Entry</li> <li class="tickerTitle">Test Entry2</li> <li class="tickerTitle">Test Entry3</li> </ul> When the user clicks the right arrow, or the auto-scroll setTimeout goes off, it runs a tickForward() function: function tickForward(){ var $active = $('#news li.showHeadline'); var $next = $active.next(); if($next.length==0) $next = $('#news li:first'); $active.stop(true, true); $active.fadeOut('slow', function() {$active.removeClass('showHeadline');}); setTimeout(function(){$next.fadeIn('slow', function(){$next.addClass('showHeadline');})}, 1000); if(isPaused == true){ } else{ startScroll() } }; This is heavily inspired by Jon Raasch's A Simple jQuery Slideshow. Basically, find what's visible, what should be visible next, make the visible thing fade and remove the class that marks it as visible, then fade in the next thing and add the class that makes it visible. Now, everything is hunky-dory if the auto-scroll is running, kicking off tickForward() once every three seconds. But if the user clicks the arrow button repeatedly, it creates two negative conditions: Rather than advance quickly through the list for just the number of clicks made, it continues scrolling at a faster-than-normal rate indefinitely. It can produce a situation where two (or more) list items are given the .showHeadline class, so there's overlap on the list. I can see these happening (especially #2) because the tickForward() function can run concurrently with itself, producing different sets of $active and $next. So I think my question is: What would be the best way to prevent concurrent execution of the tickForward() method? Some things I have tried or considered: Setting a Flag: When tickForward() runs, it sets an isRunning flag to true, and sets it back to false right before it ends. The logic for the event handler is set to only call tickForward() if isRunning is false. I tried a simple implementation of this, and isRunning never appeared to be changed. The jQuery queue(): I think it would be useful to queue up the tickForward() commands, so if you clicked it five times quickly, it would still run as commanded but wouldn't run concurrently. However, in my cursory reading on the subject, it appears that a queue has to be attached to the object its queue applies to, and since my tickForward() method affects multiple lis, I don't know where I'd attach it.

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