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  • Is there a global "low resolution" filter for OpenGL?

    - by Ian Henry
    I'm trying to learn a little about OpenGL, so I'm making a simple 2D game (with OpenTK), and so far it's coming along well. I thought it would be fun to give it that, for lack of a better word, retropixelated look of games from the early nineties. I figured it would be an easy thing to do -- simply draw everything at half its normal size and scale up with no anti-aliasing. But I can't find any resources on how to do this. I can set the min/mag filters of my textures to nearest and that works fine for my sprites, but I'm using lots of primitives and I'd like the effect to apply to them as well. The one idea I had was to draw everything at half size, then somehow copy the render buffer to a texture, then render that texture full-size, but I don't know how to do that, and it seems like there must be a better way. Can anyone help me out?

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  • How display path ball will bounce?

    - by boolean
    I'm trying to figure out a way to show the path a ball will travel, so that the player can line up a shot before they fire the ball. I can't think of a way to calculate this path in advance and show it to the player, especially if it involves collision detection. At first I thought I would run the game at a super high speed for one update, plot the path with some dotted lines where the ball bounced, and then in the next frame hide the 'tracer' ball. This seems to have two issues - Calculating collision detection without actually updating the frames and collision detection getting less reliable at high speeds. If they were straight lines I think I could figure this out in a while loop, but trying to take into account the speed of the ball, the curve of the path, the reflecting from other objects..it all seems a bit much. I'm not looking for any code and this isn't a platform specific question, more just help trying to figure out conceptually how this would work. Can this be done? Are there techniques to achieve this?

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  • How should I do 3D games through Java on a mac?

    - by Steven Rogers
    I have been self-teaching myself Java on the mac mostly because the language is cross-platform. Recently, I have been only able to develop 2D games using the Graphics2D class. Now, I want to learn how to make 3D games in Java. I used to model and animate stuff in 3D, so my knowledge of 3-Dimensional stuff is okay. I have spent the last 3 hours using google to look up ways of making 3D games in java. Apparently the best one to use is OpenGL, so i looked up a tutorial on it and i cannot find a tutorial that shows how to (if there is a way) install JOGL on the Mac platform. Should i continue to use Java? How can i make 3D games using Java? What is the best way to make 3D games on a mac?

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  • 2D object-aligned bounding-box intersection test

    - by AshleysBrain
    Hi all, I have two object-aligned bounding boxes (i.e. not axis aligned, they rotate with the object). I'd like to know if two object-aligned boxes overlap. (Edit: note - I'm using an axis-aligned bounding box test to quickly discard distant objects, so it doesn't matter if the quad routine is a little slower.) My boxes are stored as four x,y points. I've searched around for answers, but I can't make sense of the variable names and algorithms in examples to apply them to my particular case. Can someone help show me how this would be done, in a clear and simple way? Thanks. (The particular language isn't important, C-style pseudo code is OK.)

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  • Draw multiple objects with textures

    - by Simplex
    I want to draw cubes using textures. void OperateWithMainMatrix(ESContext* esContext, GLfloat offsetX, GLfloat offsetY, GLfloat offsetZ) { UserData *userData = (UserData*) esContext->userData; ESMatrix modelview; ESMatrix perspective; //Manipulation with matrix ... glVertexAttribPointer(userData->positionLoc, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, cubeFaces); //in cubeFaces coordinates verticles cube glVertexAttribPointer(userData->normalLoc, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, cubeFaces); //for normals (use in fragment shaider for textures) glEnableVertexAttribArray(userData->positionLoc); glEnableVertexAttribArray(userData->normalLoc); // Load the MVP matrix glUniformMatrix4fv(userData->mvpLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)&userData->mvpMatrix.m[0][0]); //Bind base map glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, userData->baseMapTexId); //Set the base map sampler to texture unit to 0 glUniform1i(userData->baseMapLoc, 0); // Draw the cube glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); } (coordinates transformation is in OperateWithMainMatrix() ) Then Draw() function is called: void Draw(ESContext *esContext) { UserData *userData = esContext->userData; // Set the viewport glViewport(0, 0, esContext->width, esContext->height); // Clear the color buffer glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Use the program object glUseProgram(userData->programObject); OperateWithMainMatrix(esContext, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); eglSwapBuffers(esContext->eglDisplay, esContext->eglSurface); } This work fine, but if I try to draw multiple cubes (next code for example): void Draw(ESContext *esContext) { ... // Use the program object glUseProgram(userData->programObject); OperateWithMainMatrix(esContext, 2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); OperateWithMainMatrix(esContext, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); OperateWithMainMatrix(esContext, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); OperateWithMainMatrix(esContext, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); OperateWithMainMatrix(esContext, -2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); eglSwapBuffers(esContext->eglDisplay, esContext->eglSurface); } A side faces overlapes frontal face. The side face of the right cube overlaps frontal face of the center cube. How can i remove this effect and display miltiple cubes without it?

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  • Animate from end frame of one animation to end frame of another Unity3d/C#

    - by Timothy Williams
    So I have two legacy FBX animations; Animation A and Animation B. What I'm looking to do is to be able to fade from A to B regardless of the current frame A is on. Using animation.CrossFade() will play A in reverse until it reaches frame 0, then play B forward. What I'm looking to do is blend from the current frame of A to the end frame of B. Probably via some sort of lerp between the facial position in A and the facial position in the last frame of B. Does anyone know how I might be able to accomplish this? Either via a built in function or potentially lerping of some sort?

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  • SpriteFont Exception, no such character?

    - by Michal Bozydar Pawlowski
    I have such spriteFont: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- This file contains an xml description of a font, and will be read by the XNA Framework Content Pipeline. Follow the comments to customize the appearance of the font in your game, and to change the characters which are available to draw with. --> <XnaContent xmlns:Graphics="Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content.Pipeline.Graphics"> <Asset Type="Graphics:FontDescription"> <!-- Modify this string to change the font that will be imported. --> <FontName>Segoe UI</FontName> <!-- Size is a float value, measured in points. Modify this value to change the size of the font. --> <Size>20</Size> <!-- Spacing is a float value, measured in pixels. Modify this value to change the amount of spacing in between characters. --> <Spacing>0</Spacing> <!-- UseKerning controls the layout of the font. If this value is true, kerning information will be used when placing characters. --> <UseKerning>true</UseKerning> <!-- Style controls the style of the font. Valid entries are "Regular", "Bold", "Italic", and "Bold, Italic", and are case sensitive. --> <Style>Regular</Style> <!-- If you uncomment this line, the default character will be substituted if you draw or measure text that contains characters which were not included in the font. --> <!-- <DefaultCharacter>*</DefaultCharacter> --> <!-- CharacterRegions control what letters are available in the font. Every character from Start to End will be built and made available for drawing. The default range is from 32, (ASCII space), to 126, ('~'), covering the basic Latin character set. The characters are ordered according to the Unicode standard. See the documentation for more information. --> <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#32;</Start> <End>&#1200;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> It has the character regions (32-1200) And I get this exception: A first chance exception of type 'System.ArgumentException' occurred in Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.ni.dll The character '?' (0x0441) is not available in this SpriteFont. If applicable, adjust the font's start and end CharacterRegions to include this character. Parameter name: character Why? I'm drawing the string like this: spriteBatch.DrawString(font24, zasadyText, zasadyTextPos, kolorCzcionki1, -0.05f, Vector2.Zero, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0.5f) I even changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#0032;</Start> <End>&#0383;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#1040;</Start> <End>&#1111;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception -- EDIT -- Ok, I got the solution. It was a letter mistake in language. I had this: if (jezyk == "ru_RU") { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("ru_font20"); } else { font14 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font14"); font24 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font24"); font12 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("czcionkaFloty"); font10 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font10"); font28 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font28"); font20 = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font20"); } and there should be not "ru_RU" but "ru-RU" I have no idea. I changed the spriteFont to cyrillic: <CharacterRegions> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#09;</Start> <End>&#09;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#0032;</Start> <End>&#0383;</End> </CharacterRegion> <CharacterRegion> <Start>&#1040;</Start> <End>&#1111;</End> </CharacterRegion> </CharacterRegions> </Asset> </XnaContent> and it still doesn't work. I got the (0x441 = char) exception

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  • How is an HTML5 game sold?

    - by Bane
    (I know this site doesn't give legal advice, but what I'm dealing here with isn't anything serious at all. Also, I apologize to JP for being annoying over this.) Someone found a game I made on the Internet, and expressed interest in buying it. We agreed upon a price, and, in the meantime, I removed the game's source from the Internet, just to be sure. Now, I'm wondering what to do next. These are the terms: He gets the game's source code, and only that, without the graphics (which weren't made by me). He gets the right to develop and sell the game. I get to keep the ownership of the original game, meaning that I can use it in my portfolio when applying for jobs, for example. The game gets to stay on its original site. But I am not sure how can I legally realize this. Which license can I use?

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  • GoogleAppEngine : ClassNotFoundException : javax.jdo.metadata.ComponentMetadata

    - by James.Elsey
    I'm trying to deploy my application to a locally running GoogleAppEngine development server, but I'm getting the following stack trace when I start the server Apr 23, 2010 9:03:33 PM com.google.apphosting.utils.jetty.JettyLogger warn WARNING: Nested in org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'clientDao' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting bean property 'entityManagerFactory'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/jdo/metadata/ComponentMetadata: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.jdo.metadata.ComponentMetadata at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:217) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:205) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:319) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.IsolatedAppClassLoader.loadClass(IsolatedAppClassLoader.java:151) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:264) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:332) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper$18.run(JDOHelper.java:2009) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper$18.run(JDOHelper.java:2007) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.forName(JDOHelper.java:2006) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.invokeGetPersistenceManagerFactoryOnImplementation(JDOHelper.java:1155) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:803) at javax.jdo.JDOHelper.getPersistenceManagerFactory(JDOHelper.java:698) at org.datanucleus.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.initialisePMF(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:482) at org.datanucleus.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.<init>(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:255) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.jpa.DatastoreEntityManagerFactory.<init>(DatastoreEntityManagerFactory.java:68) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.jpa.DatastorePersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(DatastorePersistenceProvider.java:45) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:224) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1369) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1335) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:473) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:269) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1245) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1010) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:472) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:429) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:728) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:380) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler.java:530) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:135) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1218) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:500) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:448) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:40) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:117) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:40) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:117) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:217) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:40) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.JettyContainerService.startContainer(JettyContainerService.java:181) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.AbstractContainerService.startup(AbstractContainerService.java:116) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerImpl.start(DevAppServerImpl.java:217) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain$StartAction.apply(DevAppServerMain.java:162) at com.google.appengine.tools.util.Parser$ParseResult.applyArgs(Parser.java:48) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain.<init>(DevAppServerMain.java:113) at com.google.appengine.tools.development.DevAppServerMain.main(DevAppServerMain.java:89) The server is running at http://localhost:1234/ I'm a little confused over this, since I have the same application running locally on GlassFish/MySQL. All I have done is to swap in the relevant jar files, and change the persistence.xml. My applicationContext.xml looks as follows : <context:annotation-config/> <bean id="clientDao" class="com.jameselsey.salestracker.dao.jpa.JpaDaoClient"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"/> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="org.springframework.context.annotation.internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor" class="com.jameselsey.salestracker.util.GaeFixInternalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor" /> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/> <tx:annotation-driven/> <bean id="clientService" class="com.jameselsey.salestracker.service.ClientService"/> </beans> My JPA DAO looks like this public class JpaDao extends JpaDaoSupport { protected <T> List<T> findAll(Class<T> clazz) { return getJpaTemplate().find("select c from " + clazz.getName() + " c"); } protected <T> T findOne(String jpql, Map params) { List<T> results = getJpaTemplate().findByNamedParams(jpql, params); if(results.isEmpty()) { return null; } if(results.size() > 1) { throw new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException(1, results.size()); } return results.get(0); } } And an example implemented method looks like this : @Override public Client getClientById(Integer clientId) { String jpql = "SELECT c " + "FROM com.jameselsey.salestracker.domain.Client c " + "WHERE c.id = " + clientId; return (Client) getJpaTemplate().find(jpql).get(0); } Like I say, this works ok on Glassfish/MySQL, is it possible this error could be a red herring to something else?

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  • XNA RTS A* pathfinding issues

    - by Slayter
    I'm starting to develop an RTS game using the XNA framework in C# and am still in the very early prototyping stage. I'm working on the basics. I've got unit selection down and am currently working on moving multiple units. I've implemented an A* pathfinding algorithm which works fine for moving a single unit. However when moving multiple units they stack on top of each other. I tried fixing this with a variation of the boids flocking algorithm but this has caused units to sometimes freeze and get stuck trying to move but going no where. Ill post the related methods for moving the units below but ill only post a link to the pathfinding class because its really long and i don't want to clutter up the page. These parts of the code are in the update method for the main controlling class: if (selectedUnits.Count > 0) { int indexOfLeader = 0; for (int i = 0; i < selectedUnits.Count; i++) { if (i == 0) { indexOfLeader = 0; } else { if (Vector2.Distance(selectedUnits[i].position, destination) < Vector2.Distance(selectedUnits[indexOfLeader].position, destination)) indexOfLeader = i; } selectedUnits[i].leader = false; } selectedUnits[indexOfLeader].leader = true; foreach (Unit unit in selectedUnits) unit.FindPath(destination); } foreach (Unit unit in units) { unit.Update(gameTime, selectedUnits); } These three methods control movement in the Unit class: public void FindPath(Vector2 destination) { if (path != null) path.Clear(); Point startPoint = new Point((int)position.X / 32, (int)position.Y / 32); Point endPoint = new Point((int)destination.X / 32, (int)destination.Y / 32); path = pathfinder.FindPath(startPoint, endPoint); pointCounter = 0; if (path != null) nextPoint = path[pointCounter]; dX = 0.0f; dY = 0.0f; stop = false; } private void Move(List<Unit> units) { if (nextPoint == position && !stop) { pointCounter++; if (pointCounter <= path.Count - 1) { nextPoint = path[pointCounter]; if (nextPoint == position) stop = true; } else if (pointCounter >= path.Count) { path.Clear(); pointCounter = 0; stop = true; } } else { if (!stop) { map.occupiedPoints.Remove(this); Flock(units); // Move in X ********* TOOK OUT SPEED ********** if ((int)nextPoint.X > (int)position.X) { position.X += dX; } else if ((int)nextPoint.X < (int)position.X) { position.X -= dX; } // Move in Y if ((int)nextPoint.Y > (int)position.Y) { position.Y += dY; } else if ((int)nextPoint.Y < (int)position.Y) { position.Y -= dY; } if (position == nextPoint && pointCounter >= path.Count - 1) stop = true; map.occupiedPoints.Add(this, position); } if (stop) { path.Clear(); pointCounter = 0; } } } private void Flock(List<Unit> units) { float distanceToNextPoint = Vector2.Distance(position, nextPoint); foreach (Unit unit in units) { float distance = Vector2.Distance(position, unit.position); if (unit != this) { if (distance < space && !leader && (nextPoint != position)) { // create space dX += (position.X - unit.position.X) * 0.1f; dY += (position.Y - unit.position.Y) * 0.1f; if (dX > .05f) nextPoint.X = nextPoint.X - dX; else if (dX < -.05f) nextPoint.X = nextPoint.X + dX; if (dY > .05f) nextPoint.Y = nextPoint.Y - dY; else if (dY < -.05f) nextPoint.Y = nextPoint.Y + dY; if ((dX < .05f && dX > -.05f) && (dY < .05f && dY > -.05f)) stop = true; path[pointCounter] = nextPoint; Console.WriteLine("Make Space: " + dX + ", " + dY); } else if (nextPoint != position && !stop) { dX = speed; dY = speed; Console.WriteLine(dX + ", " + dY); } } } } And here's the link to the pathfinder: https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B_Cqt6txUDkddU40QXBMeTR1djA I hope this post wasn't too long. Also please excuse the messiness of the code. As I said before this is early prototyping. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Grid pathfinding with a lot of entities

    - by Vee
    I'd like to explain this problem with a screenshot from a released game, DROD: Gunthro's Epic Blunder, by Caravel Games. The game is turn-based and tile-based. I'm trying to create something very similar (a clone of the game), and I've got most of the fundamentals done, but I'm having trouble implementing pathfinding. Look at the screenshot. The guys in yellow are friendly, and want to kill the roaches. Every turn, every guy in yellow pathfinds to the closest roach, and every roach pathfinds to the closest guy in yellow. By closest I mean the target with the shortest path, not a simple distance calculation. All of this without any kind of slowdown when loading the level or when passing turns. And all of the entities change position every turn. Also (not shown in screenshot), there can be doors that open and close and change the level's layout. Impressive. I've tried implementing pathfinding in my clone. First attempt was making every roach find a path to a yellow guy every turn, using a breadth-first search algorithm. Obviously incredibly slow with more than a single roach, and would get exponentially slower with more than a single yellow guy. Second attempt was mas making every yellow guy generate a pathmap (still breadth-first search) every time he moved. Worked perfectly with multiple roaches and a single yellow guy, but adding more yellow guys made the game slow and unplayable. Last attempt was implementing JPS (jump point search). Every entity would individually calculate a path to its target. Fast, but with a limited number of entities. Having less than half the entities in the screenshot would make the game slow. And also, I had to get the "closest" enemy by calculating distance, not shortest path. I've asked on the DROD forums how they did it, and a user replied that it was breadth-first search. The game is open source, and I took a look at the source code, but it's C++ (I'm using C#) and I found it confusing. I don't know how to do it. Every approach I tried isn't good enough. And I believe that DROD generates global pathmaps, somehow, but I can't understand how every entity find the best individual path to other entities that move every turn. What's the trick? This is a reply I just got on the DROD forums: Without having looked at the code I'd wager it's two (or so) pathmaps for the whole room: One to the nearest enemy, and one to the nearest friendly for every tile. There's no need to make a separate pathmap for every entity when the overall goal is "move towards nearest enemy/friendly"... just mark every tile with the number of moves it takes to the nearest target and have the entity chose the move that takes it to the tile with the lowest number. To be honest, I don't understand it that well.

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  • Node.js Lockstep Multiplayer Architecture

    - by Wakaka
    Background I'm using the lockstep model for a multiplayer Node.js/Socket.IO game in a client-server architecture. User input (mouse or keypress) is parsed into commands like 'attack' and 'move' on the client, which are sent to the server and scheduled to be executed on a certain tick. This is in contrast to sending state data to clients, which I don't wish to use due to bandwidth issues. Each tick, the server will send the list of commands on that tick (possibly empty) to each client. The server and all clients will then process the commands and simulate that tick in exactly the same way. With Node.js this is actually quite simple due to possibility of code sharing between server and client. I'll just put the deterministic simulator in the /shared folder which can be run by both server and client. The server simulation is required so that there is an authoritative version of the simulation which clients cannot alter. Problem Now, the game has many entity classes, like Unit, Item, Tree etc. Entities are created in the simulator. However, for each class, it has some methods that are shared and some that are client-specific. For instance, the Unit class has addHp method which is shared. It also has methods like getSprite (gets the image of the entity), isVisible (checks if unit can be seen by the client), onDeathInClient (does a bunch of stuff when it dies only on the client like adding announcements) and isMyUnit (quick function to check if the client owns the unit). Up till now, I have been piling all the client functions into the shared Unit class, and adding a this.game.isServer() check when necessary. For instance, when the unit dies, it will call if (!this.game.isServer()) { this.onDeathInClient(); }. This approach has worked pretty fine so far, in terms of functionality. But as the codebase grew bigger, this style of coding seems a little strange. Firstly, the client code is clearly not shared, and yet is placed under the /shared folder. Secondly, client-specific variables for each entity are also instantiated on the server entity (like unit.sprite) and can run into problems when the server cannot instantiate the variable (it doesn't have Image class like on browsers). So my question is, is there a better way to organize the client code, or is this a common way of doing things for lockstep multiplayer games? I can think of a possible workaround, but it does have its own problems. Possible workaround (with problems) I could use Javascript mixins that are only added when in a browser. Thus, in the /shared/unit.js file in the /shared folder, I would have this code at the end: if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') module.exports = Unit; else mixin(Unit, LocalUnit); Then I would have /client/localunit.js store an object LocalUnit of client-side methods for Unit. Now, I already have a publish-subscribe system in place for events in the simulator. To remove the this.game.isServer() checks, I could publish entity-specific events whenever I want the client to do something. For instance, I would do this.publish('Death') in /shared/unit.js and do this.subscribe('Death', this.onDeathInClient) in /client/localunit.js. But this would make the simulator's event listeners list on the server and the client different. Now if I want to clear all subscribed events only from the shared simulator, I can't. Of course, it is possible to create two event subscription systems - one client-specific and one shared - but now the publish() method would have to do if (!this.game.isServer()) { this.publishOnClient(event); }. All in all, the workaround off the top of my head seems pretty complicated for something as simple as separating the client and shared code. Thus, I wonder if there is an established and simpler method for better code organization, hopefully specific to Node.js games.

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  • Odd Android touch event problem

    - by user22241
    Overview When testing my game I came across a bizarre problem with my touch controls. Note this isn't related to multi-touch as I completely removed my ACTION_POINTER_UP and ACTION_POINTER_DOWN along with my ACTION_MOVE code. So I'm simply working with ACTION_UP and ACTION_DOWN now and still get the problem. The problem I have a left and right button on the left of the screen and a jump button on the right. Everything works as it should but if I touch a large area of my hand (the fleshy part at the base of the thumb for instance) onto the screen, then release it and then press one of my arrows, the sprite moves in that direction for a few seconds, and then ACTION_UP is mysteriously triggered. The sprite stops and then if I release my finger and re-apply it to an arrow, the same thing happens. This goes on and on and eventually (randomly??) stops and everything work OK again. Test device & OS Google Nexus 10 Tablet running Jellybean 4.2.2 Code //Action upon which to switch actionMask = event.getActionMasked(); //Pointer Index of the currently touching pointer pointerIndex = event.getActionIndex(); //Number of pointers (for multi-touch) pointerCount = event.getPointerCount(); //ID of the pointer currently being processed (Multitouch) pointerID = event.getPointerId(pointerIndex); switch (actionMask){ //Primary pointer down case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: { //if pressing left button then set moving left if (isLeftPressed(event.getX(), event.getY())){ renderer.setSpriteLeft(); } //if pressing right button then set moving right else if (isRightPressed(event.getX(), event.getY())){ renderer.setSpriteRight(); } //if pressing jump button then set sprite jumping else if (isJumpPressed(event.getX(),event.getY())){ renderer.setSpriteState('j', true); } break; }//End of case //Primary pointer up case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:{ //When finger leaves the screen, stop sprite's horizontal movement renderer.setSpriteStopped(); break; }

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  • Which data structure you will use to for a witness list?

    - by mateen
    I'm making a game where the plot is a bank robbery. Lots of people witness that robbery. The game will load a list of suspects, while the players (witnesses) will have to identify the suspects of this robbery. The game should load a list of suspects to identify the one as quickly as possible. Admin can add/remove suspects in the lists and two or more lists of suspects can also be merged into one (to show it to the player). The question is which data structure will be suitable to develop the lists?

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  • Pathfinding in multi goal, multi agent environment

    - by Rohan Agrawal
    I have an environment in which I have multiple agents (a), multiple goals (g) and obstacles (o). . . . a o . . . . . . . o . g . . a . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . o o o o . g . . o . . . . . . . o . . . . o . . . . o o o o a What would an appropriate algorithm for pathfinding in this environment? The only thing I can think of right now, is to Run a separate version of A* for each goal separately, but i don't think that's very efficient.

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  • What is the best way to check if there is overlap between player and static, non-collidable items in bullet physic engine

    - by tigrou
    I'd like to add non collidable objects (eg: power ups, items, ...) in a game world using Bullet Physics Engine and to know if there is collision between player and them. Some info : there is a lot of items ( 1000), all are box shapes and they don't overlap. Here is things i have tried : btDbvt* bvtItems = new btDbvt(); //btDbvt is a hierachical AABB tree, used by Bullet foreach(var item ...) { btDbvtVolume volume = ... //compute item AABB; bvtItems->insert(volume, (void*)someExtraData); } Then, to find collisions between items and player : playerRigidBody->getAabb(min, max); btDbvtVolume playervolume = ... //compute player AABB bvtItems->collideTV(bvtItems->m_root, playervolume, *someCollisionHandler); This works fairly well (and its very fast), however, there is a problem : it only check items AABB against player AABB. That loss of precision is acceptable for items but not for player which is not a box. It would actually need another check to make sure player really collide with item but i don't know how to do this in Bullet. It would have been nice to have a function like this : playerRigidBody->checkCollisionWithAABB(); After doing trying that, I discovered that a btGhostObject exist and seems to have been made for that. I changed my code like this : foreach(var item...) { btCollisionObject* ghostObject = new btGhostObject(); ghostObject->setCollisionShape(boxShape); ghostObject->setCollisionFlags(ghostObject->getCollisionFlags() | btCollisionObject::CF_NO_CONTACT_RESPONSE); startTransform.setOrigin(...); //item position ghostObject->setWorldTransform(startTransform); dynamicsWorld->addCollisionObject(ghostObject, btBroadphaseProxy::SensorTrigger, btBroadphaseProxy:: CharacterFilter); } It also works ok, but there is a huge fps drop (almost ten times slower) which is not acceptable. Maybe there is something missing (forget set a flag) and Bullet is doing extra job for nothing or maybe all that ghostObjects are polluting broad phase and ghostObject is not the right thing for that. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Finding Z given X & Y coordinates on terrain?

    - by mrky
    I need to know what the most efficient way of finding Z given X & Y coordinates on terrain. My terrain is set up as a grid, each grid block consisting of two triangles, which may be flipped in any direction. I want to move game objects smoothly along the floor of the terrain without "stepping." I'm currently using the following method with unexpected results: double mapClass::getZ(double x, double y) { int vertexIndex = ((floor(y))*width*2)+((floor(x))*2); vec3ray ray = {glm::vec3(x, y, 2), glm::vec3(x, y, 0)}; vec3triangle tri1 = { glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v1), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v2), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex].v3) }; vec3triangle tri2 = { glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v1), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v2), glmFrom(vertices[vertexIndex+1].v3) }; glm::vec3 intersect; if (!intersectRayTriangle(tri1, ray, intersect)) { intersectRayTriangle(tri2, ray, intersect); } return intersect.z; } intersectRayTriangle() and glmFrom() are as follows: bool intersectRayTriangle(vec3triangle tri, vec3ray ray, glm::vec3 &worldIntersect) { glm::vec3 barycentricIntersect; if (glm::intersectLineTriangle(ray.origin, ray.direction, tri.p0, tri.p1, tri.p2, barycentricIntersect)) { // Convert barycentric to world coordinates double u, v, w; u = barycentricIntersect.x; v = barycentricIntersect.y; w = 1 - (u+v); worldIntersect.x = (u * tri.p0.x + v * tri.p1.x + w * tri.p2.x); worldIntersect.y = (u * tri.p0.y + v * tri.p1.y + w * tri.p2.y); worldIntersect.z = (u * tri.p0.z + v * tri.p1.z + w * tri.p2.z); return true; } else { return false; } } glm::vec3 glmFrom(s_point3f point) { return glm::vec3(point.x, point.y, point.z); } My convenience structures are defined as: struct s_point3f { GLfloat x, y, z; }; struct s_triangle3f { s_point3f v1, v2, v3; }; struct vec3ray { glm::vec3 origin, direction; }; struct vec3triangle { glm::vec3 p0, p1, p2; }; vertices is defined as: std::vector<s_triangle3f> vertices; Basically, I'm trying to get the intersect of a ray (which is positioned at the x, and y coordinates specified facing pointing downwards toward the terrain) and one of the two triangles on the grid. getZ() rarely returns anything but 0. Other times, the numbers it generates seem to be completely off. Am I taking the wrong approach? Can anyone see a problem with my code? Any help or critique is appreciated!

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  • Game thread, render thread, animation/inverse kinematics, and synchronization

    - by user782220
    In a multithreaded setup with a game logic thread and a render thread, with some kind of skin mesh animation with inverse kinematics plus etc how does animation work? Does the game logic thread just update a number saying time T in the animation and then the render thread infers Who owns the skin mesh animation, the game logic thread or the render thread? How is it stored in the scene graph if it is stored there at all? When the game logic updates does it do the computation of the skin mesh animation and the computation of the inverse kinematics and then store the result directly in the scene graph or is it stored indirectly and the render thread does the computation?

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  • Acceptable GC frequency for a SlimDX/Windows/.NET game?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    I understand that the Windows GC is much better than the Xbox/WP7 GC, being that it's generational and multithreaded -- so I don't need to worry quite as much about avoiding memory allocation. SlimDX even has some unavoidable functions that generate some amount of garbage (specifically, MapSubresource creates DataBoxes), yet people don't seem to be too upset about it. I'd like to use some functional paradigms to write my code too, which also means creating objects like closures and monads. I know premature optimization isn't a good thing, but are there rules of thumb or metrics that I can follow to know whether I need to cut down on allocations? Is, say, one gen 0 GC per frame too much? One thing that has me stumped is object promotions. Gen 0 GCs will supposedly finish within a millisecond or two, but if I'm understanding correctly, it's the gen 1 and 2 promotions that start to hurt. I'm not too sure how I can predict/prevent these.

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  • Component-wise GLSL vector branching

    - by Gustavo Maciel
    I'm aware that it usually is a BAD idea to operate separately on GLSL vec's components separately. For example: //use instrinsic functions, they do the calculation on 4 components at a time. float dot = v1.x*v2.x + v1.y * v2.y + v1.z * v2.z; //NEVER float dot = dot(v1, v2); //YES //Multiply one by one is not good too, since the ALU can do the 4 components at a time too. vec3 mul = vec3(v1.x * v2.x, v1.y * v2.y, v1.z * v2.z); //NEVER vec3 mul = v1 * v2; I've been struggling thinking, are there equivalent operations for branching? For example: vec4 Overlay(vec4 v1, vec4 v2, vec4 opacity) { bvec4 less = lessThan(v1, vec4(0.5)); vec4 blend; for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { if(less[i]) blend[i] = 2.0 * v1[i]*v2[i]; else blend[i] = 1.0 - 2.0 * (1.0 - v1[i])*(1.0 - v2[i]); } return v1 + (blend-v1)*opacity; } This is a Overlay operator that works component wise. I'm not sure if this is the best way to do it, since I'm afraid these for and if can be a bottleneck later. Tl;dr, Can I branch component wise? If yes, how can I optimize that Overlay function with it?

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  • Random World Generation

    - by Alex Larsen
    I'm making a game like minecraft (although a different idea) but I need a random world generator for a 1024 block wide and 256 block tall map. Basically so far I have a multidimensional array for each layer of blocks (a total of 262,114 blocks). This is the code I have now: Block[,] BlocksInMap = new Block[1024, 256]; public bool IsWorldGenerated = false; Random r = new Random(); private void RunThread() { for (int BH = 0; BH <= 256; BH++) { for (int BW = 0; BW <= 1024; BW++) { Block b = new Block(); if (BH >= 192) { } BlocksInMap[BW, BH] = b; } } IsWorldGenerated = true; } public void GenWorld() { new Thread(new ThreadStart(RunThread)).Start(); } I want to make tunnels and water but the way blocks are set is like this: Block MyBlock = new Block(); MyBlock.BlockType = Block.BlockTypes.Air; How would I manage to connect blocks so the land is not a bunch of floating dirt and stone?

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  • Physics timestep questions

    - by SSL
    I've got a projectile working perfectly using the code below: //initialised in loading screen 60 is the FPS - projectilEposition and velocity are Vector3 types gravity = new Vector3(0, -(float)9.81 / 60, 0); //called every frame projectilePosition += projectileVelocity; This seems to work fine but I've noticed in various projectile examples I've seen that the elapsedtime per update is taken into account. What's the difference between the two and how can I convert the above to take into account the elapsedtime? (I'm using XNA - do I use ElapsedTime.TotalSeconds or TotalMilliseconds)? Edit: Forgot to add my attempt at using elapsedtime, which seemed to break the physics: projectileVelocity.Y += -(float)((9.81 * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds) * 0.5f); Thanks for the help

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  • Mesh with quads to triangle mesh

    - by scape
    I want to use Blender for making models yet realize some of the polygons are not triangles but contain quads or more (example: cylinder top and bottom). I could export the the mesh as a basic mesh file and import it in to an openGL application and workout rendering the quads as tris, but anything with more than 4 vert indices is beyond me. Is it typical to convert the mesh to a triangle-based mesh inside blender before exporting it? I actually tried this through the quads_convert_to_tris method within a blender py script and the top of the cylinder does not look symmetrical. What is typically done to render a loaded mesh as a tri?

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  • What's the best way to generate an NPC's face using web technologies?

    - by Vael Victus
    I'm in the process of creating a web app. I have many randomly-generated non-player characters in a database. I can pull a lot of information about them - their height, weight, down to eye color, hair color, and hair style. For this, I am solely interested in generating a graphical representation of the face. Currently the information is displayed with text in the nicest way possible, but I believe it's worth generating these faces for a more... human experience. Problem is, I'm not artist. I wouldn't mind commissioning an artist for this system, but I wouldn't know where to start. Were it 2007, I'd naturally think to myself that using Flash would be the best choice. I'd love to see "breathing" simulated. However, since Flash is on its way out, I'm not sure of a solid solution. With a previous game, I simply used layered .pngs to represent various aspects of the player's body: their armor, the face, the skin color. However, these solutions weren't very dynamic and felt very amateur. I can't go deep into this project feeling like that's an inferior way to present these faces, and I'm certain there's a better way. Can anyone give some suggestion on how to pull this off well?

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  • Why is GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT undefined?

    - by Haydn
    So I'm writing my texture class in my opengl game, I get to the part where I would normally set GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, and I'm shocked to discover that it's undefined! This exact same extensions worked perfectly in a different application, so I know it's not a typo or something. It's worth noting that I'm getting my extensions using glcorearb.h, instead of glext.h, because I have no intention of supporting the compatibility profile. Could this be my problem, and if so, how do I work around it?

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