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• Can't read .cso files but I can read their .hlsl versions?

  - by Jader J Rivera

  Well I've been trying to read a .cso file to use as a shader for a DirectX program I'm currently making. Problem is no matter how I implemented a way to read the file it never worked. And after fidgeting around I discover that it's only the .cso files I can't read. I can read anything else (which means it works) even their .hlsl files. Which is strange because the .hlsl (high level shader language) files are supposed to turn into .cso (compiled shader object) files. What I'm currently doing is: vector<byte> Read(string File){ vector<byte> Text; fstream file(File, ios::in | ios::ate | ios::binary); if(file.is_open()){ Text.resize(file.tellg()); file.seekg(0 , ios::beg); file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&Text[0]), Text.size()); file.close(); } return Text; }; If I then implement it. Read("VertexShader.hlsl"); //Works Read("VertexShader.cso"); //Doesn't Works?!?! And I need the .cso version of the shader to draw my sexy triangles. Without it my life and application will never continue and I have no idea what could be wrong. (I've also asked this at stack overflow but still no answers.)

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• Most efficient way to implement delta time

  - by Starkers

  Here's one way to implement delta time: /// init /// var duration = 5000, currentTime = Date.now(); // and create cube, scene, camera ect ////// function animate() { /// determine delta /// var now = Date.now(), deltat = now - currentTime, currentTime = now, scalar = deltat / duration, angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; ////// /// animate /// cube.rotation.y += angle; ////// /// update /// requestAnimationFrame(render); ////// } Could someone confirm I know how it works? Here what I think is going on: Firstly, we set duration at 5000, which how long the loop will take to complete in an ideal world. With a computer that is slow/busy, let's say the animation loop takes twice as long as it should, so 10000: When this happens, the scalar is set to 2.0: scalar = deltat / duration scalar = 10000 / 5000 scalar = 2.0 We now times all animation by twice as much: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 2.0; angle = (Math.PI * 4) // which is 2 rotations When we do this, the cube rotation will appear to 'jump', but this is good because the animation remains real-time. With a computer that is going too quickly, let's say the animation loop takes half as long as it should, so 2500: When this happens, the scalar is set to 0.5: scalar = deltat / duration scalar = 2500 / 5000 scalar = 0.5 We now times all animation by a half: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 0.5; angle = (Math.PI * 1) // which is half a rotation When we do this, the cube won't jump at all, and the animation remains real time, and doesn't speed up. However, would I be right in thinking this doesn't alter how hard the computer is working? I mean it still goes through the loop as fast as it can, and it still has render the whole scene, just with different smaller angles! So this a bad way to implement delta time, right? Now let's pretend the computer is taking exactly as long as it should, so 5000: When this happens, the scalar is set to 1.0: angle = (Math.PI * 2) * scalar; angle = (Math.PI * 2) * 1; angle = (Math.PI * 2) // which is 1 rotation When we do this, everything is timsed by 1, so nothing is changed. We'd get the same result if we weren't using delta time at all! My questions are as follows Mostly importantly, have I got the right end of the stick here? How do we know to set the duration to 5000 ? Or can it be any number? I'm a bit vague about the "computer going too quickly". Is there a way loop less often rather than reduce the animation steps? Seems like a better idea. Using this method, do all of our animations need to be timesed by the scalar? Do we have to hunt down every last one and times it? Is this the best way to implement delta time? I think not, due to the fact the computer can go nuts and all we do is divide each animation step and because we need to hunt down every step and times it by the scalar. Not a very nice DSL, as it were. So what is the best way to implement delta time? Below is one way that I do not really get but may be a better way to implement delta time. Could someone explain please? // Globals INV_MAX_FPS = 1 / 60; frameDelta = 0; clock = new THREE.Clock(); // In the animation loop (the requestAnimationFrame callback)… frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); // API: "Get the seconds passed since the last call to this method." while (frameDelta >= INV_MAX_FPS) { update(INV_MAX_FPS); // calculate physics frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; } How I think this works: Firstly we set INV_MAX_FPS to 0.01666666666 How we will use this number number does not jump out at me. We then intialize a frameDelta which stores how long the last loop took to run. Come the first loop frameDelta is not greater than INV_MAX_FPS so the loop is not run (0 = 0.01666666666). So nothing happens. Now I really don't know what would cause this to happen, but let's pretend that the loop we just went through took 2 seconds to complete: We set frameDelta to 2: frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); frameDelta += 2.00 Now we run an animation thanks to update(0.01666666666). Again what is relevance of 0.01666666666?? And then we take away 0.01666666666 from the frameDelta: frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = frameDelta - INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = 2 - 0.01666666666 frameDelta = 1.98333333334 So let's go into the second loop. Let's say it took 2(? Why not 2? Or 12? I am a bit confused): frameDelta += clock.getDelta(); frameDelta = frameDelta + clock.getDelta(); frameDelta = 1.98333333334 + 2 frameDelta = 3.98333333334 This time we enter the while loop because 3.98333333334 = 0.01666666666 We run update We take away 0.01666666666 from frameDelta again: frameDelta -= INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = frameDelta - INV_MAX_FPS; frameDelta = 3.98333333334 - 0.01666666666 frameDelta = 3.96666666668 Now let's pretend the loop is super quick and runs in just 0.1 seconds and continues to do this. (Because the computer isn't busy any more). Basically, the update function will be run, and every loop we take away 0.01666666666 from the frameDelta untill the frameDelta is less than 0.01666666666. And then nothing happens until the computer runs slowly again? Could someone shed some light please? Does the update() update the scalar or something like that and we still have to times everything by the scalar like in the first example?

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• XNA Diffuse Shader Issue. Edge lighting problem. Image Attached

  - by adtither

  As you can see in this image the diffuse shading is working correctly in some places but in other places such as the the bottom of the sphere you can see the squares/triangles of the mesh. Any idea what would be causing this? Let me know if you need anymore information related to code. I can upload my normals calculations and shader effect if required. EDIT: Here's a link to the shader I'm using http://pastebin.com/gymVc7CP Link to normals calculations: http://pastebin.com/KnMGdzHP Seems to be an issue with edge lighting. Can't seem to see where I'm going wrong with the normals calculations though.

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• Game Center Leaderboard not dismissing

  - by FireStorm

  I was implementing Game Center into my app and all was going well except for the leaderboard done button not dismissing the leaderboard even with gameCenterControllerDidFinish added in. I call up the leaderboard with the touch of a button in the .m file as so: - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; CGPoint location = [touch locationInNode:self]; SKNode *node = [self nodeAtPoint:location]; if ([node.name isEqualToString:@"rankButton"]) { [self runAction:[SKAction playSoundFileNamed:@"fishtran.m4a" waitForCompletion: NO]]; GKGameCenterViewController *gameCenterController = [[GKGameCenterViewController alloc] init]; if (gameCenterController != nil) { gameCenterController.viewState = GKGameCenterViewControllerStateAchievements; UIViewController *vc = self.view.window.rootViewController; [vc presentViewController: gameCenterController animated: YES completion:nil]; } } else if ([node.name isEqualToString:@"Leaderboard"]) { GKGameCenterViewController *gameCenterController = [[GKGameCenterViewController alloc] init]; if (gameCenterController != nil) { gameCenterController.viewState = GKGameCenterViewControllerStateLeaderboards; UIViewController *vc = self.view.window.rootViewController; [vc presentViewController: gameCenterController animated: YES completion:nil]; } } ... and then I added thegameCenterControllerDidFinish immediately after as so: - (void)gameCenterControllerDidFinish:(GKGameCenterViewController*)gameCenterController { UIViewController *vc = self.view.window.rootViewController; [vc dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil]; } and the done button still doesn't work and i haven't been able to find any solutions. And yes, I do have GKGameCenterControllerDelegate in my .h file. Any help would be greatly appreciated, Thanks!

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• How attach a model with another model on a specific bone?

  - by Mehdi Bugnard

  I meet a difficulty attached to a model to another model on a "bone" accurate. I searched several forums but no result. I saw that many people have asked the same question but no real result see no response. Thread found : How to attach two XNA models together? How can I attach a model to the bone of another model? http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11391852/attach-model-xna But I think it is possible. Here is my code example attached a "cube" of the hand of my player private void draw_itemActionAttached(Model modelInUse) { Matrix[] Model1TransfoMatrix = new Matrix[this.player.Model.Bones.Count]; this.player.Model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(Model1TransfoMatrix); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in modelInUse.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { Matrix model2Transform = Matrix.CreateScale(1f) * Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(0, 0, 0); effect.World = model2Transform * Model1TransfoMatrix[0]; //root bone index effect.View = arcadia.camera.View; effect.Projection = arcadia.camera.Projection; } mesh.Draw(); } }

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• From simple physics with a ball, to a more complicated shape

  - by Maximus

  Hello fellow game devs and stack overflowers... I recently made a transition from OpenGL ES 1.1 to 2.0 (on Android via NDK) and things are going well so far. I'm working on doing a dice rolling application (gaming dice up to 20 sided, not just regular 6 sided die) as a way to learn more about how physics is implemented in a gaming environment. I've explored implementing existing engine options (such as Bullet) and I don't think I need to implement something quite so sophisticated. I've found several tutorials that handle a lot of the general physics involved with initial trajectory, velocity, angle of contact and reflection angle, etc. I'm confident that I'd be able to implement ball-like behavior without much trouble. My question lies in when I attempt to make the interaction of the die shape with another surface more "realistic," for example... the die strikes the floor surface at such an angle where only one corner makes contact with the floor. In my mind, the center of gravity of the object would play a part in determining how the die bounces away, possibly even spinning it it faster, etc... but I am not sure what the actual math involved is. Are there any recommended resources for getting into this level of detail? Initial searches haven't turned up much... Thanks to everyone in the community, -Jeremiah

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• Trying to detect collision between two polygons using Separating Axis Theorem

  - by Holly

  The only collision experience i've had was with simple rectangles, i wanted to find something that would allow me to define polygonal areas for collision and have been trying to make sense of SAT using these two links Though i'm a bit iffy with the math for the most part i feel like i understand the theory! Except my implementation somewhere down the line must be off as: (excuse the hideous font) As mentioned above i have defined a CollisionPolygon class where most of my theory is implemented and then have a helper class called Vect which was meant to be for Vectors but has also been used to contain a vertex given that both just have two float values. I've tried stepping through the function and inspecting the values to solve things but given so many axes and vectors and new math to work out as i go i'm struggling to find the erroneous calculation(s) and would really appreciate any help. Apologies if this is not suitable as a question! CollisionPolygon.java: package biz.hireholly.gameplay; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.graphics.Paint; import biz.hireholly.gameplay.Types.Vect; public class CollisionPolygon { Paint paint; private Vect[] vertices; private Vect[] separationAxes; CollisionPolygon(Vect[] vertices){ this.vertices = vertices; //compute edges and separations axes separationAxes = new Vect[vertices.length]; for (int i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) { // get the current vertex Vect p1 = vertices[i]; // get the next vertex Vect p2 = vertices[i + 1 == vertices.length ? 0 : i + 1]; // subtract the two to get the edge vector Vect edge = p1.subtract(p2); // get either perpendicular vector Vect normal = edge.perp(); // the perp method is just (x, y) => (-y, x) or (y, -x) separationAxes[i] = normal; } paint = new Paint(); paint.setColor(Color.RED); } public void draw(Canvas c, int xPos, int yPos){ for (int i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) { Vect v1 = vertices[i]; Vect v2 = vertices[i + 1 == vertices.length ? 0 : i + 1]; c.drawLine( xPos + v1.x, yPos + v1.y, xPos + v2.x, yPos + v2.y, paint); } } /* consider changing to a static function */ public boolean intersects(CollisionPolygon p){ // loop over this polygons separation exes for (Vect axis : separationAxes) { // project both shapes onto the axis Vect p1 = this.minMaxProjection(axis); Vect p2 = p.minMaxProjection(axis); // do the projections overlap? if (!p1.overlap(p2)) { // then we can guarantee that the shapes do not overlap return false; } } // loop over the other polygons separation axes Vect[] sepAxesOther = p.getSeparationAxes(); for (Vect axis : sepAxesOther) { // project both shapes onto the axis Vect p1 = this.minMaxProjection(axis); Vect p2 = p.minMaxProjection(axis); // do the projections overlap? if (!p1.overlap(p2)) { // then we can guarantee that the shapes do not overlap return false; } } // if we get here then we know that every axis had overlap on it // so we can guarantee an intersection return true; } /* Note projections wont actually be acurate if the axes aren't normalised * but that's not necessary since we just need a boolean return from our * intersects not a Minimum Translation Vector. */ private Vect minMaxProjection(Vect axis) { float min = axis.dot(vertices[0]); float max = min; for (int i = 1; i < vertices.length; i++) { float p = axis.dot(vertices[i]); if (p < min) { min = p; } else if (p > max) { max = p; } } Vect minMaxProj = new Vect(min, max); return minMaxProj; } public Vect[] getSeparationAxes() { return separationAxes; } public Vect[] getVertices() { return vertices; } } Vect.java: package biz.hireholly.gameplay.Types; /* NOTE: Can also be used to hold vertices! Projections, coordinates ect */ public class Vect{ public float x; public float y; public Vect(float x, float y){ this.x = x; this.y = y; } public Vect perp() { return new Vect(-y, x); } public Vect subtract(Vect other) { return new Vect(x - other.x, y - other.y); } public boolean overlap(Vect other) { if( other.x <= y || other.y >= x){ return true; } return false; } /* used specifically for my SAT implementation which i'm figuring out as i go, * references for later.. * http://www.gamedev.net/page/resources/_/technical/game-programming/2d-rotated-rectangle-collision-r2604 * http://www.codezealot.org/archives/55 */ public float scalarDotProjection(Vect other) { //multiplier = dot product / length^2 float multiplier = dot(other) / (x*x + y*y); //to get the x/y of the projection vector multiply by x/y of axis float projX = multiplier * x; float projY = multiplier * y; //we want to return the dot product of the projection, it's meaningless but useful in our SAT case return dot(new Vect(projX,projY)); } public float dot(Vect other){ return (other.x*x + other.y*y); } }

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• Effects to make a speeding spaceship look faster

  - by Badescu Alexandru

  I have a spaceship and I've created a "boost" functionality that speeds up my spaceship, what effects should I implement to create the impression of high speed? I was thinking of making everything except my spaceship blurry but I think there would be something missing. Any ideas? Btw. I am working in XNA C# but if you aren't familiar to XNA describing some effects is still useful. The Game is 3d and i've attached some printscreens of the game This is in normal mode ( none boosted ) and here is the boosted mode ( the craft speeds up forward while the camera speeds in its normal speed , the non boosted speed )

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• Need help with a complex 3d scene (using Ogre and bullet)

  - by Matthias

  In my setup there is a box with a hole on one side, and a freely movable "stick" (or bar, tube). This stick can be inserted/moved through the hole into the box. This hole is exactly as wide as the diameter of the stick. In reality, when you would now hold the end of the stick in your hand and move the hand left/right or up/down, the other end of the stick, which is inside the box, would move into the opposite direction of your hand movement (because the stick is affixed at the pivot point where it is entering the box through the hole). (I hope you understand what I mean so far.) Now I need to simulate such a setup in a 3d program. I have already successfully developed an Ogre3d framework for this application, including bullet. But what I don't know is how I can implement in my program what I have described above. This application must include two more features: The scene camera is attached to the end of the stick that is inserted into the box. So when the user would move the mouse (to control "his" end of the stick outside the box), then the camera attached to the stick would move in the opposite direction, as described above. The stick has some length, and the user can push it further into the box, or pull it closer to him again. That means of course that the max. radius on which the end of the stick inside the box can move depends on how far the stick is pushed into the box. Thus, the more the stick is pushed into the box, the larger the max. radius of this end of the stick with the camera will be. I understand this is maybe quite a complex thing, so I don't expect any real source code here. I already have the Ogre and bullet part as said up and running, as well as a camera attached to the stick. This works fine. What I don't know though is how I can simulate the setup described above. Especially the requirement that the stick is affixed at the position of the hole on the box, where it is inserted into the box. Any ideas how I could approach to implement the described setup?

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• Box2D how to implement a camera?

  - by Romeo

  By now i have this Camera class. package GameObjects; import main.Main; import org.jbox2d.common.Vec2; public class Camera { public int x; public int y; public int sx; public int sy; public static final float PIXEL_TO_METER = 50f; private float yFlip = -1.0f; public Camera() { x = 0; y = 0; sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public Camera(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public void update() { sx = x + Main.APPWIDTH; sy = y + Main.APPHEIGHT; } public void moveCam(int mx, int my) { if(mx >= 0 && mx <= 80) { this.x -= 2; } else if(mx <= Main.APPWIDTH && mx >= Main.APPWIDTH - 80) { this.x += 2; } if(my >= 0 && my <= 80) { this.y += 2; } else if(my <= Main.APPHEIGHT && my >= Main.APPHEIGHT - 80) { this.y -= 2; } this.update(); } public float meterToPixel(float meter) { return meter * PIXEL_TO_METER; } public float pixelToMeter(float pixel) { return pixel / PIXEL_TO_METER; } public Vec2 screenToWorld(Vec2 screenV) { return new Vec2(screenV.x + this.x, yFlip * screenV.y + this.y); } public Vec2 worldToScreen(Vec2 worldV) { return new Vec2(worldV.x - this.x, yFlip * worldV.y - this.y); } } I need to know how to modify the screenToWorld and worldToScreen functions to include the PIXEL_TO_METER scaling.

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• What's a good entity hierarchy for a 2D game?

  - by futlib

  I'm in the process of building a new 2D game out of some code I wrote a while ago. The object hierarchy for entities is like this: Scene (e.g. MainMenu): Contains multiple entities and delegates update()/draw() to each Entity: Base class for all things in a scene (e.g. MenuItem or Alien) Sprite: Base class for all entities that just draw a texture, i.e. don't have their own drawing logic Does it make sense to split up entities and sprites up like that? I think in a 2D game, the terms entity and sprite are somewhat synonymous, right? But I do believe that I need some base class for entities that just draw a texture, as opposed to drawing themselves, to avoid duplication. Most entities are like that. One weird case is my Text class: It derives from Sprite, which accepts either the path of an image or an already loaded texture in its constructor. Text loads a texture in its constructor and passes that to Sprite. Can you outline a design that makes more sense? Or point me to a good object-oriented reference code base for a 2D game? I could only find 3D engine code bases of decent code quality, e.g. Doom 3 and HPL1Engine.

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• Tile map collision is not working properly

  - by Sigh-AniDe

  I am having problems setting collision between my sprite and the tiles. I have only done the code for colision for moving upwards but some places on the map it moves up and some places it doesn't. Here is what I have so far: Vector2 position; private static float scalingFactor = 32; static int tileWidth = 32; static int tileHeight = 32; int[ , ] map = { {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, }, }; // This is in turtle.update if ( keyboardState.IsKeyDown( Keys.Up ) ) { if ( position.Y > screenHeight / 4 ) { //// current position of the turtle on the tiles int mapX = ( int )( position.X / scalingFactor ); int mapY = ( int )( position.Y / scalingFactor ) - 1; if ( isMovable( mapX , mapY , map ) ) { position.Y = position.Y - scalingFactor; } } else { MoveUp(); } } private void MoveUp() { motion.Y = -1; } public bool isMovable( int mapX , int mapY , int[ , ] map ) { if ( mapX < 0 || mapX > 19 || mapY < 0 || mapY > 20 ) { return false; } int tile = map[ mapX , mapY ]; if ( tile == 0 ) { return false; } return true; } protected override void Update( GameTime gameTime ) { turtle.Update( screenHeight , scalingFactor , map ); base.Update( gameTime ); }

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• Staggered Isometric Map: Calculate map coordinates for point on screen

  - by Chris

  I know there are already a lot of resources about this, but I haven't found one that matches my coordinate system and I'm having massive trouble adjusting any of those solutions to my needs. What I learned is that the best way to do this is to use a transformation matrix. Implementing that is no problem, but I don't know in which way I have to transform the coordinate space. Here's an image that shows my coordinate system: How do I transform a point on screen to this coordinate system?

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• Will polishing my current project be a better learning experience than starting a new one?

  - by Alejandro Cámara

  I started programming many years ago. Now I'm trying to make games. I have read many recommendations to start cloning some well known games like galaga, tetris, arkanoid, etc. I have also read that I should go for the whole game (including menus, sound, score, etc.). Yesterday I finished the first complete version of my arkanoid clone. But it is far from over. I can still work on it for months (I program as a hobby in my free time) implementing a screen resolution switcher, remap of the control keys, power-ups falling from broken bricks, and a huge etc. But I do not want to be forever learning how to clone ONE game. I have the urge to get to the next clone in order to apply some design ideas I have come upon while developing this arkanoid clone (at the same time I am reading the GoF book and much source code from Ludum Dare 21 game contest). So the question is: Should I keep improving the arkanoid clone until it has all the features the original game had? or should I move to the next clone (there are almost infinite games to clone) and start mending the things I did wrong with the previous clone? This can be a very subjective question, so please restrain the answers to the most effective way to learn how to make my own games (not cloning someone ideas). Thank you! CLARIFICATION In order to clarify what I have implemented I make this list: Features implemented: Bouncing capabilities (the ball bounces on walls, on bricks, and on the bar). Sounds when bouncing on bricks and the bar, and when the player wins or loses. Basic title menu (new game and exit only). Also in-game menu and win/lose menus. Only three levels, but the map system is so easy I do not think it will teach me much (am I wrong?). Features not-implemented: Power-ups when breaking the bricks. Complex bricks (with more than one "hit point" and invincible). Better graphics (I am not really good at it). Programming polishing (use more intensively the design patterns). Here's a link to its (minimal) webpage: http://blog.acamara.es/piperine/ I kind of feel ashamed to show it, so please do not hit me too hard :-) My question was related to the not-implemented features. I wondered what was the fastest (optimal) path to learn. 1) implement the not-implemented features in this project which is getting big, or 2) make a new game which probably will teach me those lessons and new ones. ANSWER I choose @ashes999 answer because, in my case, I think I should polish more and try to "ship" the game. I think all the other answers are also important to bear in mind, so if you came here having the same question, before taking a rush decision read all the discussion. Thank you all!

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• 2D Tile Based Collision Detection

  - by MrPlosion1243

  There are a lot of topics about this and it seems each one addresses a different problem, this topic does the same. I was looking into tile collision detection and found this where David Gouveia explains a great way to get around the person's problem by separating the two axis. So I implemented the solution and it all worked perfectly from all the testes I through at it. Then I implemented more advanced platforming physics and the collision detection broke down. Unfortunately I have not been able to get it to work again which is where you guys come in :)! I will present the code first: public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { if(Input.GetKeyDown(Keys.A)) { velocity.X -= moveAcceleration; } else if(Input.GetKeyDown(Keys.D)) { velocity.X += moveAcceleration; } if(Input.GetKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { if((onGround && isPressable) || (!onGround && airTime <= maxAirTime && isPressable)) { onGround = false; airTime += (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; velocity.Y = initialJumpVelocity * (1.0f - (float)Math.Pow(airTime / maxAirTime, Math.PI)); } } else if(Input.GetKeyReleased(Keys.Space)) { isPressable = false; } if(onGround) { velocity.X *= groundDrag; velocity.Y = 0.0f; } else { velocity.X *= airDrag; velocity.Y += gravityAcceleration; } velocity.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(velocity.Y, -maxFallSpeed, maxFallSpeed); velocity.X = MathHelper.Clamp(velocity.X, -maxMoveSpeed, maxMoveSpeed); position += velocity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; position = new Vector2((float)Math.Round(position.X), (float)Math.Round(position.Y)); if(Math.Round(velocity.X) != 0.0f) { HandleCollisions2(Direction.Horizontal); } if(Math.Round(velocity.Y) != 0.0f) { HandleCollisions2(Direction.Vertical); } } private void HandleCollisions2(Direction direction) { int topTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)Bounds.Top / Tile.PixelTileSize); int bottomTile = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)Bounds.Bottom / Tile.PixelTileSize) - 1; int leftTile = (int)Math.Floor((float)Bounds.Left / Tile.PixelTileSize); int rightTile = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)Bounds.Right / Tile.PixelTileSize) - 1; for(int x = leftTile; x <= rightTile; x++) { for(int y = topTile; y <= bottomTile; y++) { Rectangle tileBounds = new Rectangle(x * Tile.PixelTileSize, y * Tile.PixelTileSize, Tile.PixelTileSize, Tile.PixelTileSize); Vector2 depth; if(Tile.IsSolid(x, y) && Intersects(tileBounds, direction, out depth)) { if(direction == Direction.Horizontal) { position.X += depth.X; } else { onGround = true; isPressable = true; airTime = 0.0f; position.Y += depth.Y; } } } } } From the code you can see when velocity.X is not equal to zero the HandleCollisions() Method is called along the horizontal axis and likewise for the vertical axis. When velocity.X is not equal to zero and velocity.Y is equal to zero it works fine. When velocity.Y is not equal to zero and velocity.X is equal to zero everything also works fine. However when both axis are not equal to zero that's when it doesn't work and I don't know why. I basically teleport to the left side of a tile when both axis are not equal to zero and there is a air block next to me. Hopefully someone can see the problem with this because I sure don't as far as I'm aware nothing has even changed from what I'm doing to what the linked post's solution is doing. Thanks.

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• Java - Tile engine changing number in array not changing texture

  - by Corey

  I draw my map from a txt file. Would I have to write to the text file to notice the changes I made? Right now it changes the number in the array but the tile texture doesn't change. Do I have to do more than just change the number in the array? public class Tiles { public Image[] tiles = new Image[5]; public int[][] map = new int[64][64]; private Image grass, dirt, fence, mound; private SpriteSheet tileSheet; public int tileWidth = 32; public int tileHeight = 32; Player player = new Player(); public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); fence = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 0); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = fence; tiles[3] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.dat")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); y=y+1; } //System.out.println(""); x=x+1; y = 0; } in.close(); } public void update(GameContainer gc) { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int x = 0; x < map.length; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < map.length; y ++) { int textureIndex = map[y][x]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } Mouse picking public void checkDistance(GameContainer gc) { Input input = gc.getInput(); float mouseX = input.getMouseX(); float mouseY = input.getMouseY(); double mousetileX = Math.floor((double)mouseX/tiles.tileWidth); double mousetileY = Math.floor((double)mouseY/tiles.tileHeight); double playertileX = Math.floor(playerX/tiles.tileWidth); double playertileY = Math.floor(playerY/tiles.tileHeight); double lengthX = Math.abs((float)playertileX - mousetileX); double lengthY = Math.abs((float)playertileY - mousetileY); double distance = Math.sqrt((lengthX*lengthX)+(lengthY*lengthY)); if(input.isMousePressed(Input.MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON) && distance < 4) { System.out.println("Clicked"); if(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] == 1) { tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] = 0; } } System.out.println(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY]); }

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• Need Guidance Making HTML5 Canvas Game Engine

  - by Scriptonaut

  So I have some free time this winter break and want to build a simple 2d HTML5 canvas game engine. Mostly a physics engine that will dictate the way objects move and interact(collisions, etc). I made a basic game here: http://caidenhome.com/HTML%205/pong.html and would like to make more, and thought that this would be a good reason to make a simple framework for this stuff. Here are some questions: Does the scripting language have to be Javascript? What about Ruby? I will probably write it with jQuery because of the selecting powers, but I'm curious either way. Are there any great guides you guys know of? I want a fast guide that will help me bust out this engine sometime in the next 2 weeks, hopefully sooner. What are some good conventions I should be aware of? What's the best way to get sound? At the moment I'm using something like this: var audioElement = document.createElement('audio'); audioElement.setAttribute('src', 'paddle_col.wav'); audioElement.load(); I'm interested in making this engine lightweight and extremely efficient, I will do whatever it takes to get great speeds and processing power. I know this question is fairly vague, but I just need a push in the right direction. Thanks :)

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• Actually utilizing relational databases for entity systems

  - by Marc Müller

  Recently I was researching several entity systems and obviously I came across T=Machine's fantastic articles on the subject. In Part 5 of the series the author uses a relational schema to explain how an entity system is built and works. Since reading this, I have been wondering whether or not actually using a compact SQL library would be fast enough for real-time usage in video games. Performance seems to be the main issue with a full blown SQL database for management of all entities and components. However, as mentioned in T=Machine's post, basically all access to data inside the SQLDB is done sequentlially by each system over each component. Additionally, using a library like SQLite, one could easily improve performance by storing the entity data exclusively in RAM to increase access speeds. Disregarding possible performance issues, using a SQL database, in my opinion, would allow for a very intuitive implementation of entity systems and bring a long certain other benefits like easy de/serialization of game states and consistency checks like the uniqueness of entity IDs. Edit for clarification: The main question was whether using a SQL database for the actual entity management (not just storing the game state on the disk) in a real-time game would still yield a framerate appropriate for a game or even if someone is aware of projects that demonstrate SQL in a video game.

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• Most efficient way to handle coordinate maps in Java

  - by glowcoder

  I have a rectangular tile-based layout. It's your typical Cartesian system. I would like to have a single class that handles two lookup styles Get me the set of players at position X,Y Get me the position of player with key K My current implementation is this: class CoordinateMap<V> { Map<Long,Set<V>> coords2value; Map<V,Long> value2coords; // convert (int x, int y) to long key - this is tested, works for all values -1bil to +1bil // My map will NOT require more than 1 bil tiles from the origin :) private Long keyFor(int x, int y) { int kx = x + 1000000000; int ky = y + 1000000000; return (long)kx | (long)ky << 32; } // extract the x and y from the keys private int[] coordsFor(long k) { int x = (int)(k & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; int y = (int)((k >>> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF) - 1000000000; return new int[] { x,y }; } } From there, I proceed to have other methods that manipulate or access the two maps accordingly. My question is... is there a better way to do this? Sure, I've tested my class and it works fine. And sure, something inside tells me if I want to reference the data by two different keys, I need two different maps. But I can also bet I'm not the first to run into this scenario. Thanks!

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• Cocos2d/Cocos2d-x Attaching an arrow (sprite) to another body sprite (person)

  - by Satchmo Brown

  I am trying to set up a simple bow and arrow game. When the arrow hits the enemy body, the arrow's body is deleted and the arrow sprite continues to update, keeping the position correct in relation to the enemy it hit. Picture an arrow sticking into a body and that body still rotating and moving. My problem is that the rotation is completely wrong when the enemy rotates. I know how to do this in 3d with matrix transformation but I can't seem to figure it out in 2d with Cocos. Here is my method. I save offset at which the arrow hit the enemy. Every frame, I make the rotation of the sprite match the rotation of the enemy. Then, I apply the offset I took initially which is where the arrow hit the enemy. When they rotate, they rotate about their respective anchors and I am wondering if I need to set the anchor of the arrow to the center of the sprite. Does anyone know of an easy way to do this. If not, I will try to create an algorithm where the anchor is set to the offset divided by the width and height of the sprite image hopefully giving me the correct anchor values. Then I assume I need to reposition the sprite. Does anyone have a simpler way to do this?

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• Fitting a rectangle into screen with XNA

  - by alecnash

  I am drawing a rectangle with primitives in XNA. The width is: width = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width and the height is height = GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height I am trying to fit this rectangle in the screen (using different screens and devices) but I am not sure where to put the camera on the Z-axis. Sometimes the camera is too close and sometimes to far. This is what I am using to get the camera distance: //Height of piramid float alpha = 0; float beta = 0; float gamma = 0; alpha = (float)Math.Sqrt((width / 2 * width/2) + (height / 2 * height / 2)); beta = height / ((float)Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(67.5f)) * 2); gamma = (float)Math.Sqrt(beta*beta - alpha*alpha); position = new Vector3(0, 0, gamma); Any idea where to put the camera on the Z-axis?

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• Render an image with layers for shadows /reflections, object and ground in 3D Studio Max?

  - by Bernd Plontsch

  I have a scene with a simple object standing on the ground in the center. This object has shadows and reflections on the ground. How can I render an image containing 3 separate layers for The object The ground The reflection / shadow on the ground Which format do I use for this? (It should include all 3 layers + I should be able to enable/disable them in Photoshop) How do I define or prepare those layers for being rendering as image layers?

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• GLSL: Strange light reflections [Solved]

  - by Tom

  According to this tutorial I'm trying to make a normal mapping using GLSL, but something is wrong and I can't find the solution. The output render is in this image: Image1 in this image is a plane with two triangles and each of it is different illuminated (that is bad). The plane has 6 vertices. In the upper left side of this plane are 2 identical vertices (same in the lower right). Here are some vectors same for each vertice: normal vector = 0, 1, 0 (red lines on image) tangent vector = 0, 0,-1 (green lines on image) bitangent vector = -1, 0, 0 (blue lines on image) here I have one question: The two identical vertices does need to have the same tangent and bitangent? I have tried to make other values to the tangents but the effect was still similar. Here are my shaders Vertex shader: #version 130 // Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader. in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace; in vec2 vertexUV; in vec3 vertexNormal_modelspace; in vec3 vertexTangent_modelspace; in vec3 vertexBitangent_modelspace; // Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment. out vec2 UV; out vec3 Position_worldspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform mat4 MVP; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1); // Position of the vertex, in worldspace : M * position Position_worldspace = (M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the camera, in camera space. // In camera space, the camera is at the origin (0,0,0). vec3 vertexPosition_cameraspace = ( V * M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; EyeDirection_cameraspace = vec3(0,0,0) - vertexPosition_cameraspace; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the light, in camera space. M is ommited because it's identity. vec3 LightPosition_cameraspace = ( V * vec4(LightPosition_worldspace,1)).xyz; LightDirection_cameraspace = LightPosition_cameraspace + EyeDirection_cameraspace; // UV of the vertex. No special space for this one. UV = vertexUV; // model to camera = ModelView vec3 vertexTangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexTangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexBitangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexBitangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexNormal_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexNormal_modelspace; mat3 TBN = transpose(mat3( vertexTangent_cameraspace, vertexBitangent_cameraspace, vertexNormal_cameraspace )); // You can use dot products instead of building this matrix and transposing it. See References for details. LightDirection_tangentspace = TBN * LightDirection_cameraspace; EyeDirection_tangentspace = TBN * EyeDirection_cameraspace; } Fragment shader: #version 130 // Interpolated values from the vertex shaders in vec2 UV; in vec3 Position_worldspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Ouput data out vec3 color; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform sampler2D DiffuseTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D NormalTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D SpecularTextureSampler; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Light emission properties // You probably want to put them as uniforms vec3 LightColor = vec3(1,1,1); float LightPower = 40.0; // Material properties vec3 MaterialDiffuseColor = texture2D( DiffuseTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb; vec3 MaterialAmbientColor = vec3(0.1,0.1,0.1) * MaterialDiffuseColor; //vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = texture2D( SpecularTextureSampler, UV ).rgb * 0.3; vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = vec3(0.5,0.5,0.5); // Local normal, in tangent space. V tex coordinate is inverted because normal map is in TGA (not in DDS) for better quality vec3 TextureNormal_tangentspace = normalize(texture2D( NormalTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb*2.0 - 1.0); // Distance to the light float distance = length( LightPosition_worldspace - Position_worldspace ); // Normal of the computed fragment, in camera space vec3 n = TextureNormal_tangentspace; // Direction of the light (from the fragment to the light) vec3 l = normalize(LightDirection_tangentspace); // Cosine of the angle between the normal and the light direction, // clamped above 0 // - light is at the vertical of the triangle -> 1 // - light is perpendicular to the triangle -> 0 // - light is behind the triangle -> 0 float cosTheta = clamp( dot( n,l ), 0,1 ); // Eye vector (towards the camera) vec3 E = normalize(EyeDirection_tangentspace); // Direction in which the triangle reflects the light vec3 R = reflect(-l,n); // Cosine of the angle between the Eye vector and the Reflect vector, // clamped to 0 // - Looking into the reflection -> 1 // - Looking elsewhere -> < 1 float cosAlpha = clamp( dot( E,R ), 0,1 ); color = // Ambient : simulates indirect lighting MaterialAmbientColor + // Diffuse : "color" of the object MaterialDiffuseColor * LightColor * LightPower * cosTheta / (distance*distance) + // Specular : reflective highlight, like a mirror MaterialSpecularColor * LightColor * LightPower * pow(cosAlpha,5) / (distance*distance); //color.xyz = E; //color.xyz = LightDirection_tangentspace; //color.xyz = EyeDirection_tangentspace; } I have replaced the original color value by EyeDirection_tangentspace vector and then I got other strange effect but I can not link the image (not eunogh reputation) Is it possible that with this shaders is something wrong, or maybe in other place in my code e.g with my matrices?

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• Tiled/TMX C++ Library/Parser

  - by Ben

  Where can I find an easy to use and up to date C++ parser/library for the .tmx map format (used by the Tiled Map Editor) ? EDIT: David's comment, 'Unless you want to build your game around the format of the parser..', got me thinking... So I have downloaded pugixml, which is an easy to use xml-parser with very straightforward documentation. Together with the spec for the TMX Map Format, I think I'll give it a try myself. I'll probably compare with Cocos2d-x's CCTMXTiledMap at some point.

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• Moving player in direciton camera is facing

  - by Samurai Fox

  I have a 3rd person camera which can rotate around the player. My problem is that wherever camera is facing, players forward is always the same direction. For example when camera is facing the right side of the player, when I press button to move forward, I want player to turn to the left and make that the "new forward". My camera script so far: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class PlayerScript : MonoBehaviour { public float RotateSpeed = 150, MoveSpeed = 50; float DeltaTime; void Update() { DeltaTime = Time.deltaTime; transform.Rotate(0, Input.GetAxis("LeftX") * RotateSpeed * DeltaTime, 0); transform.Translate(0, 0, -Input.GetAxis("LeftY") * MoveSpeed * DeltaTime); } } public class CameraScript : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject Target; public float RotateSpeed = 170, FollowDistance = 20, FollowHeight = 10; float RotateSpeedPerTime, DesiredRotationAngle, DesiredHeight, CurrentRotationAngle, CurrentHeight, Yaw, Pitch; Quaternion CurrentRotation; void LateUpdate() { RotateSpeedPerTime = RotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime; DesiredRotationAngle = Target.transform.eulerAngles.y; DesiredHeight = Target.transform.position.y + FollowHeight; CurrentRotationAngle = transform.eulerAngles.y; CurrentHeight = transform.position.y; CurrentRotationAngle = Mathf.LerpAngle(CurrentRotationAngle, DesiredRotationAngle, 0); CurrentHeight = Mathf.Lerp(CurrentHeight, DesiredHeight, 0); CurrentRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0, CurrentRotationAngle, 0); transform.position = Target.transform.position; transform.position -= CurrentRotation * Vector3.forward * FollowDistance; transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, CurrentHeight, transform.position.z); Yaw = Input.GetAxis("Right Horizontal") * RotateSpeedPerTime; Pitch = Input.GetAxis("Right Vertical") * RotateSpeedPerTime; transform.Translate(new Vector3(Yaw, -Pitch, 0)); transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z); transform.LookAt(Target.transform); } }

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