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• Running multiple services on different servers with IPv6 and a FQDN

  - by Mark Henderson

  One of the things NAT has permitted us to do in the past decade is split physical services onto different servers whilst hiding behind a single interface. For example, I have example.com behind a NAT on 192.0.2.10. I port-forward :80 and :443 to my web server. I'm also port forward :25 to my mail server, and :3389 to a terminal server and :8080 to the web interface of my computer that downloads torrents, and the story goes on. So I have 5 port forwardings going to 4 different computers on example.com. Then, I go and get me some neat IPv6. I assign example.com an IPv6 address of 2001:db8:88:200::10. That's great for my websites, but I want to go to example.com:8080 to get to my torrents, or example:3389 to log on to my terminal server. How can I do this with IPv6, as there is no NAT. Sure, I could create a bunch of new DNS entries for each new service, but then I have to update all my clients who are used to just typing example.com to get to either the website or the terminal server. My users are dumber than two bricks so they won't remember to connect to rdp.example.com. What options do I have for keeping NAT-style functionality with IPv6? In case you haven't figured it out, the above scenario is not a real scenario for me, or perhaps anyone yet, but it's bound to happen eventually. You know, with devops and all.

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• How do I use postfix aliases in cyrus?

  - by Nick

  I have a cyrus mailbox called user/nrahl. If I use the 'mail' command, from the server itself, and type: mail nrahl to send a message, the message magically shows up in my Thunderbird IMAP inbox. But I need to get message from a POP3 account into Cyrus for delivery, and the messages comming in are addressed to "[email protected]". I have fetchmail setup and running, and it's downloading messages from the POP3 account, and passing them into Postfix. Postfix (now that I've got aliases set up in /etc/alias) is accepting the message, and passing it to the Cyrus socket. But here's the problem: Cyrus is rejecting the message with a 550 - mailbox unknown error. The actual message in /var/log/mail.log is: Apr 17 16:56:57 IMAP cyrus/lmtpunix[5640]: verify_user(user.fetchmail) failed: Mailbox does not exist Apr 17 16:56:57 IMAP postfix/lmtp[5561]: CFFD61556BD: to=, relay=localhost[/var/run/cyrus/socket/lmtp], delay=0.08, delays=0.07/0/0/0.01, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host localhost[/var/run/cyrus/socket/lmtp] said: 550-Mailbox unknown. Either there is no mailbox associated with this 550-name or you do not have authorization to see it. 550 5.1.1 User unknown (in reply to RCPT TO command)) It looks like it's trying to forward all of nrahl's mail to postfix@localhost, instead of nrahl@localhost, and I don't know why. I need it to forward mail addressed to [email protected] into Cyrus's "nrahl" mailbox.

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• iptables configuration to work with apache2 mod_proxy

  - by swdalex

  Hello! I have iptables config like this: iptables -F INPUT iptables -F OUTPUT iptables -F FORWARD iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 443 -j ACCEPT Also, I have apache virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName wiki.myite.com <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass / http://localhost:8901/ ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8901/ <Location /> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Location> </VirtualHost> My primary domain www.mysite.com is working well with this configuration (I don't use proxy redirect on it). But my virtual host wiki.mysite.com is not responding. Please, help me to setup iptables config to allow wiki.mysite.com working too. I think, I need to setup iptables FORWARDING options, but I don't know how. update: I have 1 server with 1 IP. On server I have apache2.2 on 80 port. Also I have tomcat6 on 8901 port. In apache I setup to forwarding domain wiki.mysite.com to tomcat (mysite.com:8901). I want to secure my server by disabling all ports, except 80, 22 and 443.

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• exim4 redirect mail sent to *@domain1.example.com to *@domain2.example.com

  - by nightcoder

  Current situation: We have a VPS that hosts a website example.org. Exim is configured to work as a smarthost. All emails sent through exim are successfully relayed to another mail server (that is working on example.com). Goal: To forward mail sent to *@example.org to *@example.com, i.e. change the recipient's address from *@example.org to *@example.com. Problem: If I send email to address *@example.org, then it seems exim doesn't change the address, it still relays the message to another mail server but recipient is still *@example.org. Maybe the redirect is not applied for some reason. Configuration and logs: /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf: dc_eximconfig_configtype='smarthost' dc_other_hostnames='' dc_local_interfaces='' dc_readhost='example.org' dc_relay_domains='example.org' dc_minimaldns='false' dc_relay_nets='0.0.0.0/32' dc_smarthost='example.com::26' CFILEMODE='644' dc_use_split_config='false' dc_hide_mailname='true' dc_mailname_in_oh='true' dc_localdelivery='maildir_home' /etc/exim4/conf.d/router/999_exim4-config_redirect (created by me): domain_redirect: debug_print = "R: forward for $local_part@$domain" driver = redirect domains = example.org data = [email protected] (for now data is set to a specific address for simplicity and testing) exim log when sending email to [email protected] (should be redirected to [email protected]): 2012-03-20 19:40:07 1SA4ud-0005Dw-7k <= [email protected] U=www-data P=local S=657 2012-03-20 19:40:08 1SA4ud-0005Dw-7k => [email protected] R=smarthost T=remote_smtp_smarthost H=domain2.com [184.172.146.66] X=TLS1.0:RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA1:32 DN="C=US,2.5.4.17=#13053737303932,ST=TX,L=Houston,STREET=Suite 400,STREET=11251 Northwest Freeway,O=HostGator.com,OU=HostGator.com,OU=Comodo PremiumSSL Wildcard,CN=*.hostgator.com" 2012-03-20 19:40:08 1SA4ud-0005Dw-7k Completed So, the address is not changed :( Please help! I'm trying to make it work for half a day already :(

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• Headless VirtualBox VM NAT Network

  - by dirt

  I have a remote linux server accessible through SSH only. My goal is to host multiple Virtual Machines on this host server using VirtualBox. The host server has 1 IP address, so NAT will be used to route to the VMs for example 10022 will forward to server1:22 and 20022 will forward to server2:22. I have installed VirtualBox and copied a pre-configured CentOS VM to the host server. I start the VM, but cannot establish a connection to the server for example ssh -p 10022 127.0.0.1 times out. I've tried many things: Method 1: Copied existing .vdi, attached to new VM Method 2: Imported .Ova VM (thought it would help any MAC re-init issues?) NAT network type, tried natnet1 192.168/16 and 10.0/16 VBoxManage modifyvm "hermes.awoms.com" --natnet1 "192.168/16" Port forwarding with and without specifying VM ip in modifyvm --natpf1 command VBoxManage modifyvm "hermes" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,10022,,,22" VBoxManage modifyvm "hermes" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,10022,192.168.0.15,22" I can't see if VM is even booting (VBoxHeadless "hermes" --start & runs with no errors) I can't tell if VM is getting an IP address Is there anything else I can do to get more information from VirtualBox or the VM starting up when the only access I have is SSH?

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• iptables: allowing incoming for 192.168.1.0/24 allowed incoming for all?

  - by nortally

  The internal side of my ISP router has three devices: ISP router 128.128.43.1 Firewall router 128.128.43.2 Server 128.128.43.3 Behind the Firewall router is a NAT network using 192.168.100.n/24 This question is regarding iptables running on the Server. I wanted to allow access to port 8080 only from the NAT clients behind the Firewall router, so I used this rule -A Firewall-1-INPUT -s 192.168.100.0/24 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT This worked, but UNEXPECTEDLY ALLOWED GLOBAL ACCESS, which resulted in our JBOSS server getting compromised. I now know that the correct rule is to use the Firewall router's address instead of the internal network, but can anyone explain why the first rule allowed global access? I would have expected it to just fail. Full config, mostly lifted from a RedHat server: *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j Firewall-1-INPUT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m comment --comment "allow ssh from all" -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m comment --comment "allow https from all" -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m comment --comment "allow JBOSS from Firewall" ### THIS RESULTED IN GLOBAL ACCESS TO PORT 8080 ### -A Firewall-1-INPUT -s 192.168.100.0/24 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT ### THIS WORKED -A Firewall-1-INPUT -s 128.128.43.2 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPt ### -A Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

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• Streaming to PS3 with NAS and built-in dlna server?

  - by philt

  With consumer-grade hardware, is it possible to successfully stream 1080p mp4 videos to a PS3? I have a linksys router that can only do 10/100. The PS3 is wired to it with cat5e cable, and the PS3 itself supports gigabit ethernet. I would upgrade the router and get one that supports gigabit ethernet if it could handle streaming like this. It currently does work with minor jerkiness streaming from my mac to the PS3, but fast-forward/reverse and "goto" (equivalent of scene selection) take forever and/or fail completely. And streaming from my mac of course requires the mac to be on at all times. When I put the movies on an external USB drive and connect to the PS3 directly, it performs flawlessly. Fast forward and everything works great. So I was thinking about getting a NAS, but I don't know if any inexpensive NAS (i.e. Buffalo Linkstation Live, WD My Book World Edition, D-Link DNS-321, etc.) can actually deliver the performance necessary to do this, even with gigabit ethernet?

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• Installation of Active Directory on separate VM from DNS does not entierly work - not sure why

  - by René Kåbis

  Not sure what I am doing wrong here. I have a moderately midrange server (16 cores, 2Ghz, 32GB ECC REG RAM, 6TB storage, nothing too extreme) where I am running Hyper-V (Server 2012 R2 Enterprise) in order to provision virtual machines. So why an AD separate from DNS? I want redundancy. I want to be able to move VMs and back them up individually and not have too many services on any one VM. I have already provisioned a VM with DNS, and have set it up right -- essentially, I have: Set up Static IP’s for everyone involved. Installed the DNS service on the DNS VM. Created a forward lookup zone and a reverse lookup zone (primary zone) xyz.ca Configured the zones to use nonsecure and secure dynamic updates (i will change this to secure later after the domain controller is online). Created a A record for the DC in the forward lookup zone (and a reverse ptr) Changed DC’s DNS server (network settings) to the new DNS server. Checked that I can ping the dns server from the new DC by hostname. When I went ahead and did a DCpromo on the DC, and un-cheked the “install DNS” option, everything seemed to go well (no error messages), but I saw no changes on the DNS server whatsoever (no additional settings). Plus, the DNS server seems to be unable to join the domain, as it claims that the domain is not discoverable. As a final note, I do run Symantec Endpoint Protection, which includes a firewall and most settings set as default. I have not yet tried turning this off, but my experience has been that if a service would open up a port on a Windows firewall, it would do the same through Symantec. There is pretty tight integration these days with corporate-class AV and Windows. I have a template vhdx fully set up (just short of any special roles and features) that I can use to replace the current AD VM with, so doing this all over again is not too much skin off of my nose.

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• Problem posting multipart form data using Apache with mod_proxy to a mongrel instance

  - by Ryan E

  I am attempting to simulate my site's production environment as closely as I can on my local machine. This is a rails site that uses Apache w/ mod_proxy to forward requests to a mongrel cluster. On my Mac OSX Leopard machine, I have the default install of apache running and have configured a vhost to use mod_proxy to to forward requests to a local running mongrel instance on port 3000. <Proxy balancer://mongrel_cluster-development> BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3000 </Proxy> For the most part, this is working fine. I can browse my development site using the ServerName of the vhost I configured and can confirm that requests are being properly forwarded to the mongrel instance. However, there is a page on the site that has a multipart form that is used to upload an image to the server. When I post this form, there is a delay of about 5 minutes and the browser ultimately returns a Bad Request Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. In the error log for my vhost: [Tue Sep 22 09:47:57 2009] [error] (70007)The timeout specified has expired: proxy: prefetch request body failed to 127.0.0.1:3000 (127.0.0.1) from ::1 () This same form works fine if I browse directly to the mongrel instance (http://127.0.0.1:3000). Anybody have any idea what the problem might be and how to fix it? If there is any important information that I neglected to include, post a comment, and I can add to this question. Note: Upon further investigation, this appears to be a problem specific to Safari. The form works fine in Firefox.

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• debian VM refusing all traffic apart from http

  - by james lewis

  I've got a VM with a fresh install of Debian (wheezy) and I've installed node and mongo on it. The VM is using a bridged network connection so I was expecting to be able to point my host machines browser at the ip address of the Debian VM (port 1337 for my node example or port 28017 for my mongo status page) and see one of the two services (node or mongo). My requests are refused though. As far as I can tell Debian allows all traffic by default and you have to manually configure iptables to drop traffic. I've checked iptables and it says it's setup to allow anything through. It looks like this: root@devbox:/home/jlewis# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination As a test I setup nginx and I was able to get to the nginx landing page from my host no problems so obviously http traffic is allowed. I then set nginx up to forward all traffic upstream to mongo - no problems there, I was able to see the status page. I then did the same for my example node server and again, no problems. So http traffic is fine, but all other traffic is blocked. Anyone know why debian might be refusing all other traffic other than iptables being setup to drop it? EDIT - output from netstat -nltp: Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:28017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1762/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51028 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1541/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2462/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1337 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2794/node tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2274/exim4 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1762/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1510/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2189/nginx tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 2462/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::45335 :::* LISTEN 1541/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2274/exim4 tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1510/rpcbind

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• What do I need to do to set my computer as Default Gateway?

  - by Vaibhav

  We are trying to put together a box with dual LAN cards (let's say Outer and Inner), where the Inner LAN card is supposed to act as a default gateway on the network it is connected to. This box is running Ubuntu. The basic purpose for this box is to take messages generated on the inner network, do some work with them and forward them out the Outer LAN card to a server. The inner network is completely isolated with simply a regular switch connecting the Inner LAN Card with two other boxes. These other boxes either throw out multi-cast messages (which the Inner LAN Card is listening to), or send out unicast messages meant for the server which is not on this inner network. So, we need the Inner LAN Card to act as a default gateway, where these unicast messages will then be sent, and the code on the dual-LAN Card box can then intercept and forward these messages to the server. Question: 1. How do we setup the LAN Card to be default gateway (does it need some configuration on Ubuntu)? 2. Once we have this setup, is it a simple matter of listening to the interface to intercept the incoming messages? Any help (pointers in the right direction) is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Cannot resolve Hostname to IP, but IP to hostname works

  - by dotnetdev

  I have deployed a bunch of windows server VMs on a cloud hosting service. These machines are all joined to a domain controller on the same service, which also hosts DNS. All of the domain-joined machines have dynamic IP (along with the DC). If I try to resolve any of the hostnames remotely, it fails. For example, I am in SQL Server Reporting Services and I need to connect to a remote server. I provide the hostname of the desired target server and this fails, but then if I provide the IP, this works. How can I pass the hostname and have this resolve to IP? Is there anything I need to look for in the DNS server? It has records of the hostnames (in forward lookup I think), but reverse is empty. Isn't it the case that forward lookup resolves ip to hostname and reverse resolves hostname to ip? Also, I don't know what he subnet mask because this is not in my control, so the machines may not be in the same subnet - can this be a cause of the problem? Where is the problem? Thanks

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• Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

  - by Sumit Arora

  I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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• HAProxy is caching the forwarding?

  - by shadow_of__soul

  i'm trying to set up a server structure for an application i'm building in Node.js with socket.io. My setup is: HAProxy frontend forward to -> apache2 as default backend (or nginx, is apache in this local test) -> node.js app if the url has socket.io in the request AND a domain name i have something like: global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice maxconn 4096 user haproxy group haproxy daemon defaults log global mode http maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 frontend all 0.0.0.0:80 timeout client 5000 default_backend www_backend acl is_soio url_dom(host) -i socket.io #if the request contains socket.io acl is_chat hdr_dom(host) -i chaturl #if the request comes from chaturl.com use_backend chat_backend if is_chat is_soio backend www_backend balance roundrobin option forwardfor # This sets X-Forwarded-For timeout server 5000 timeout connect 4000 server server1 localhost:6060 weight 1 maxconn 1024 check #forwards to apache2 backend chat_backend balance roundrobin option forwardfor # This sets X-Forwarded-For timeout queue 50000 timeout server 50000 timeout connect 50000 server server1 localhost:5558 weight 1 maxconn 1024 check #forward to node.js app The problem comes when i made a request to something like www.chaturl.com/index.html it load perfectly but fails to loads the socket.io files (www.chaturl.com/socket.io/socket.io.js) why it redirect to apache (and should redirect to the node.js app that serve the files). The weird thing is that if i access directly to the socket.io file, after refreshing a few times, it loads, so i suppose is "caching" the forwarding for the client when it makes the first request and reach the apache server. Any suggestion of how this can be solved? or what i can try or look about this?

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• Cannot resolve Hostname to IP, but IP to hostname works

  - by blade

  Hi, I have deployed a bunch of windows server VMs on a cloud hosting service. These machines are all joined to a domain controller on the same service, which also hosts DNS. All of the domain-joined machines have dynamic IP (along with the DC). If I try to resolve any of the hostnames remotely, it fails. For example, I am in SQL Server Reporting Services and I need to connect to a remote server. I provide the hostname of the desired target server and this fails, but then if I provide the IP, this works. How can I pass the hostname and have this resolve to IP? Is there anything I need to look for in the DNS server? It has records of the hostnames (in forward lookup I think), but reverse is empty. Isn't it the case that forward lookup resolves ip to hostname and reverse resolves hostname to ip? Also, I don't know what he subnet mask because this is not in my control, so the machines may not be in the same subnet - can this be a cause of the problem? Where is the problem? Thanks

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• iptables advanced routing

  - by Shamanu4

  I have a Centos server acting as a NAT in my network. This server has one external (later ext1) interface and three internal (later int1, int2 and int3). Egress traffic comes from users via int1 and after MASQUERADE goes via ext1. Ingress traffic comes from ext1, MASQUERADE, and goes via int2 or int3 according to static routes. | ext1 | x.x.x.x/24 +---------|----------------------+ | | | Centos server (NAT) | | | +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | int1 | | int2 | int3 10.30.1.10/24 | | 10.30.2.10/24 | 10.30.3.10/24 ^ v v 10.30.1.1/24 | | 10.30.2.1/24 | 10.30.3.1/24 +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | | | | | v v | | ^ -Traffic policer- | | |_____________ | | | | | +------------------|-------------+ | 192.168.0.1/16 | | Clients 192.168.0.0/16 The problem: Egress traffic seems to be dropped after PREROUTING table. Packet counters are not changing on MASQUERADE rule in POSTROUTING. If I change the routes to clients causing the traffic go back via int1 - everything works perfectly. current iptable configuration is very simple: # cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -I INPUT 1 -i int1 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat -A POSTROUTING -o ext1 -j MASQUERADE # COMMIT Can anyone point me what I'm missing? Thanks. UPDATE: 192.168.100.60 via 10.30.2.1 dev int2 proto zebra # routes to clients ... 192.168.100.61 via 10.30.3.1 dev int3 proto zebra # ... I have a lot of them x.x.x.0/24 dev ext1 proto kernel scope link src x.x.x.x 10.30.1.0/24 dev int1 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.1.10 10.30.2.0/24 dev int2 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.2.10 10.30.3.0/24 dev int3 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.3.10 169.254.0.0/16 dev ext1 scope link metric 1003 169.254.0.0/16 dev int1 scope link metric 1004 169.254.0.0/16 dev int2 scope link metric 1005 169.254.0.0/16 dev int3 scope link metric 1006 blackhole 192.168.0.0/16 default via x.x.x.y dev ext1 Clients have 192.168.0.1 as gateway, which is redirecting them to 10.30.1.1

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• iptables secure squid proxy

  - by Lytithwyn

  I have a setup where my incoming internet connection feeds into a squid proxy/caching server, and from there into my local wireless router. On the wan side of the proxy server, I have eth0 with address 208.78.∗∗∗.∗∗∗ On the lan side of the proxy server, I have eth1 with address 192.168.2.1 Traffic from my lan gets forwarded through the proxy transparently to the internet via the following rules. Note that traffic from the squid server itself is also routed through the proxy/cache, and this is on purpose: # iptables forwarding iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -s 192.168.2.0/24 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE # iptables for squid transparent proxy iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1:3128 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 3128 How can I set up iptables to block any connections made to my server from the outside, while not blocking anything initiated from the inside? I have tried doing: iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 192.168.2.0/24 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -j REJECT But this blocks everything. I have also tried reversing the order of those commands in case I got that part wrong, but that didn't help. I guess I don't fully understand everything about iptables. Any ideas?

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• Moving a lotus database causes incoming mail failure

  - by Logman

  Hey all, I moved a couple lotus note databases to another hd (ran out of space) by using a directory link/pointer on the domino server. USed a text file with the .DIR ext with the desired new path etc... well that works fine. I open up a lotus notes client, use the id and then OPEN the database. The directory link works fine, the new location of the db is opened with no problems. We found out that we couldnt FORWARD any mail: We did the following to make it work: Goto menu FILE|MOBILE|EDIT CURRENT LOCATION Goto tab MAIL and enter the correct path for "Mail File:" example: it should read "mail\morespace\flabor" and not "mail\flabor" "morespace" = directory link/pointer we can forward and reply to emails fine after that fix. The problem is that the user has no incoming email. Domino is still trying to send the incoming mail of that user to its old db location "mail\flabor" instead of "mail\morespace\flabor". Delivery error saying user does not exist. Is this a cache problem? We have reset the server ("Q" at the prompt), though we have not completely shut it down though. Thanks Frank

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• Enabling NAT forwarding using a second WAN interface and a second gateway on ubuntu

  - by nixnotwin

  I have 3 interfaces: eth0 192.168.0.50/24 eth1 10.0.0.200/24 eth2 225.228.123.211 The default gateway is 192.168.0.1 which I want to keep as it is in the changes I want to make. I want to masquerade eth1 10.0.0.200/24 and enable NAT forwarding to eth2. So I have done this: ip route add 225.228.123.208/29 dev eth2 src 225.228.123.211 table t1 ip route add default via 225.228.123.209 dev eth2 table t1 ip rule add from 225.228.123.211 table t1 ip rule add to 225.228.123.211 table t1 Now I can receive ping replies from any internet host if I did: ping -I eth2 8.8.8.8 To enable NAT forwarding I did this: sudo iptables -A FORWARD -o eth2 -i eth1 -s 10.0.0.0/24 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE But it isn't working. To test I used a client pc and put it on 10.0.0.0/24 network and gateway was set as 10.0.0.200. I want to have 192.168.0.1 as default gateway. And the traffic that comes in via eth1 10.0.0.200/24 should be forwarded to eth2 225.228.123.211. I have enabled forwarding on ubuntua also.

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• Pair programming with tmux and Vagrant

  - by neezer

  Does anyone have a clear step-by-step guide for setting up a shared tmux session on a Vagrant vbox that my coworkers (on our local office lan) could SSH into? The articles I've found online only seem to cover setting this up from machine to machine (no virtualbox setups), and I'm not very good at networking, so I haven't been able to extrapolate a solution... We're all running the latest Macs in our office, btw. Here's one article I've found but haven't been able to get working with Vagrant: http://blog.voxdolo.me/remote-pairing-with-vim-and-tmux.html EDIT: To clarify, I don't really know how I should be setting up Vagrant to allow me to SSH into it from a machine outside the one hosting the VM. The article above suggests that I add the tunnels host on my physical machine running the VM (here-on referred to as the MBP), so I did that. Next is the ProxyCommand host declaration, which I have also assumed should live on the MBP. So next I try SSHing into the MBP from a guest machine (another separate physical machine on my network), and that seems to work... but that only gets me into the MBP, not the Vagrant image running on the MBP. I normally login Vagrant image on the MBP via vagrant ssh (per the docs), and I know how to forward ports on the Vagrant VM to the MBP, but it's unclear to me how I could forward ports/SSH from the MBP to the Vagrant VM, which I assume I would need to do so that my guest machine could SSH in--through the MBP--to my Vagrant image. That, in a nutshell, is what I'm trying to accomplish. I do my development work in Vagrant VMs which keeps my MBP nice and clean of any dev-related cruft and also keeps my dev environments totally isolated from one another, yet I would like to start pair-programming with my coworkers via tmux, thus the reason why I've asked this question. I would like to accomplish all of this without setting up an additional user account on the MBP, or giving my coworkers access to my local user account on the MBP to get to my Vagrant VM, if that's at all possible.

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• port forwarding problem

  - by Claudiu

  I want to set up an svn server on my computer, so it's available from anywhere. I think I set up the repository correctly, using CollabSVN. If I go to Repo-Browser with TortoiseSVN and point it to svn://localhost:3690, it shows the proper repository. The problem now is that I'm behind a router. My local IP is 192.168.1.45 . Doing svn://192.168.1.45:3690 also works. My global IP is, say, x.x.x.x. Just doing svn://x.x.x.x:3690 doesn't work, which makes sense, since I have to set up port forwarding. I'm using a Verizon router. Using their web interface (on 192.168.1.1) I added the following port forwarding rule: IP Address forward to: 192.168.1.45 Source Ports: Any Dest Ports: 3690 Forward to: 3690 Protocol: TCP However, even after applying this rule, going to svn://x.x.x.x:3690 doesn't work. It takes a few seconds to fail, then says that the connection couldn't be established because the server connected to didn't respond properly after a period of time. What's interesting is that a random port, like svn://x.x.x.x:36904 fails immediately, saying that the target machine actively refused the connection. So I figure that the forwarding rule did something, but not fully what was necessary. Any ideas on how to get this working? The router model is MI424-WR and the firmware version is 4.0.16.1.56.0.10.12.3. UPDATE: I also tried setting destination port to 45000, and still forwarding to 3690, in case something was wrong w/ the lower-numbered ports, but to no avail. I also tried port 80 to port 3690, still all in vain.

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• Destination NAT Onto the Same Network from internal clients

  - by mivi

  I have a DSL router which acts as NAT (SNAT & DNAT). I have setup a server on internal network (10.0.0.2 at port 43201). DSL router was configured to "port forward" (or DNAT) all incoming connections to 10.0.0.2:43201. I created a virtual server for port forwarding on DSL router. I also added following iptables rules for port forwarding. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i ppp_0_1_32_1 --dport 43201 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:43201 iptables -I FORWARD 1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -d 10.0.0.2 --dport 43201 -j ACCEPT # ppp_0_1_32_1 is routers external interface. # routers internal IP address is 10.0.0.1 and server is setup at 10.0.0.2:43201 Problem is that connections coming from external IP addresses are able to access internal server using External IP address, but internal clients (under NAT) are not able to access server using external IP address. Example: http://<external_address>:43201 is working from external clients But, internal clients are not able to access using http://<external_address>:43201 This seems to be similar to the problem described in http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO/NAT-HOWTO-10.html (NAT HOW-TO Destination NAT Onto the Same Network). Firstly, I am not able to understand why is this a problem for internal clients? Secondly, what iptables rule will enable internal clients to access server using external IP address? Please suggest.

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• How to reject messages to unknown user in sendmail cooperating with MS-Exchange?

  - by user71061

  Hi! I have an MS Exchange 2003 configured as a mail server for an organization. As this server is located in this organization internal network and I don't want to expose it directly over internet, I have second server - linux box with sendmail - configured as intelligent relay (it accept all messages from internet addressed to @my_domain, and forward it to internal Exchange serwer, and accepts all messages from this internal Exchange server and forward it over internet). This configuration work's fine, but I want to eliminate messages addressed to not exiting users as early as possible. Good solution could be Enabling on Exchange server function of filtering recipients together with "tar pitting", but in my case this dosn't solve problem, because before any message reach my Exchange server (which could eventually reject it), it has to be already accepted by sendmail server, sitting in front of this Exchange server. So, I want to configure my sendmail server in such a way, that during initial SMTP conversation it could query somehow my Exchange server checking whether recipient address is valid or not, and based on result of this query, accept or reject (possibly with some delay) incoming message in a very early phase. In fact, I have already solved this issue by writing my own, simple sendmail milter program which checks recipient address against text file with list of valid addresses. But this solution is not satisfying me any longer, because it requires frequent updates of this file, and due to lack of time/motivation/programming skills, I don't want to cope further with my source code, adding to it functionality of querying my Exchange server. Maybe I can achieve desired effect by configuring any component of already available linux software. Any ideas?

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• Selecting Interface for SSH Port Forwarding

  - by Eric Pruitt

  I have a server that we'll call hub-server.tld with three IP addresses 100.200.130.121, 100.200.130.122, and 100.200.130.123. I have three different machines that are behind a firewall, but I want to use SSH to port forward one machine to each IP address. For example: machine-one should listen for SSH on port 22 on 100.200.130.121, while machine-two should do the same on 100.200.130.122, and so on for different services on ports that may be the same across all of the machines. The SSH man page has -R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport listed I have gateway ports enabled, but when using -R with a specific IP address, server still listens on the port across all interfaces: machine-one: # ssh -NR 100.200.130.121:22:localhost:22 [email protected] hub-server.tld (Listens for SSH on port 2222): # netstat -tan | grep LISTEN tcp 0 0 100.200.130.121:2222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN Is there a way to make SSH forward only connections on a specific IP address to machine-one so I can listen to port 22 on the other IP addresses at the same time, or will I have to do something with iptables? Here are all the lines in my ssh config that are not comments / defaults: Port 2222 Protocol 2 SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV PasswordAuthentication yes ChallengeResponseAuthentication no GSSAPIAuthentication no GSSAPICleanupCredentials no UsePAM yes AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL AllowTcpForwarding yes GatewayPorts yes X11Forwarding yes ClientAliveInterval 30 ClientAliveCountMax 1000000 UseDNS no Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

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• PTR and A record must match?

  - by somecallmemike

  RFC 1912 Section 2.1 states the following: Make sure your PTR and A records match. For every IP address, there should be a matching PTR record in the in-addr.arpa domain. If a host is multi-homed, (more than one IP address) make sure that all IP addresses have a corresponding PTR record (not just the first one). Failure to have matching PTR and A records can cause loss of Internet services similar to not being registered in the DNS at all. Also, PTR records must point back to a valid A record, not a alias defined by a CNAME. It is highly recommended that you use some software which automates this checking, or generate your DNS data from a database which automatically creates consistent data. This does not make any sense to me, should an ISP keep matching A records for every PTR record? It seems to me that it's only important if the IP address that the PTR record describes is hosting a service that is sensitive to DNS being mismatched (such as email hosting). In that case the forward zone would be configured under a domain name (examples follow the format 'zone - record'): domain.tld -> mail IN A 1.2.3.4 And the PTR record would be configured to match: 3.2.1.in-addr.arpa -> 4 IN PTR mail.domain.tld. Would there be any reason for the ISP to host a forward lookup for an IP address on their network like this?: ispdomain.tld -> broadband-ip-1 IN A 1.2.3.4

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