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  • Sort a list of tuples without case sensitivity

    - by dound
    How can I efficiently and easily sort a list of tuples without being sensitive to case? For example this: [('a', 'c'), ('A', 'b'), ('a', 'a'), ('a', 5)] Should look like this once sorted: [('a', 5), ('a', 'a'), ('A', 'b'), ('a', 'c')] The regular lexicographic sort will put 'A' before 'a' and yield this: [('A', 'b'), ('a', 5), ('a', 'a'), ('a', 'c')]

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  • Execute function without sending 'self' to it

    - by Sergey
    Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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  • How do I find the "concrete class" of a django model baseclass

    - by Mr Shark
    I'm trying to find the actual class of a django-model object, when using model-inheritance. Some code to describe the problem: class Base(models.model): def basemethod(self): ... class Child_1(Base): pass class Child_2(Base): pass If I create various objects of the two Child classes and the create a queryset containing them all: Child_1().save() Child_2().save() (o1, o2) = Base.objects.all() I want to determine if the object is of type Child_1 or Child_2 in basemethod, I can get to the child object via o1.child_1 and o2.child_2 but that reconquers knowledge about the childclasses in the baseclass. I have come up with the following code: def concrete_instance(self): instance = None for subclass in self._meta.get_all_related_objects(): acc_name = subclass.get_accessor_name() try: instance = self.__getattribute__(acc_name) return instance except Exception, e: pass But it feels brittle and I'm not sure of what happens when if I inherit in more levels.

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  • Django: Summing values

    - by Anry
    I have a two Model - Project and Cost. class Project(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) url = models.URLField() manager = models.ForeignKey(User) class Cost(models.Model): project = models.ForeignKey(Project) cost = models.FloatField() date = models.DateField() I must return the sum of costs for each project. view.py: from mypm.costs.models import Project, Cost from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.db.models import Avg, Sum def index(request): #... return render_to_response('index.html',... How?

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  • How can I display multiple django modelformset forms together?

    - by JT
    I have a problem with needing to provide multiple model backed forms on the same page. I understand how to do this with single forms, i.e. just create both the forms call them something different then use the appropriate names in the template. Now how exactly do you expand that solution to work with modelformsets? The wrinkle, of course, is that each 'form' must be rendered together in the appropriate fieldset. For example I want my template to produce something like this: <fieldset> <label for="id_base-0-desc">Home Base Description:</label> <input id="id_base-0-desc" type="text" name="base-0-desc" maxlength="100" /> <label for="id_likes-0-icecream">Want ice cream?</label> <input type="checkbox" name="likes-0-icecream" id="id_likes-0-icecream" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="id_base-1-desc">Home Base Description:</label> <input id="id_base-1-desc" type="text" name="base-1-desc" maxlength="100" /> <label for="id_likes-1-icecream">Want ice cream?</label> <input type="checkbox" name="likes-1-icecream" id="id_likes-1-icecream" /> </fieldset> I am using a loop like this to process the results for base_form, likes_form in map(None, base_forms, likes_forms): which works as I'd expect (I'm using map because the # of forms can be different). The problem is that I can't figure out a way to do the same thing with the templating engine. The system does work if I layout all the base models together then all the likes models after wards, but it doesn't meet the layout requirements.

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  • Google App Engine appcfg.py data_upload Authentication fail

    - by Pradeep Upadhyay
    Hi, I am using appcfg.py to upload data to datastore from a csv file. But every time I try, I am getting error: [info ] Authentication failed even if i am using Admin id and password. In my app.yaml file I am having: handlers: - url: /remote_api script: $PYTHON_LIB/google/appengine/ext/remote_api/handler.py login: admin - url: .* script: MainHandler.py Can anybody please help me? Thanks in advance.

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  • Removing a node from a linked list

    - by lost_with_coding
    I would like to create a delete_node function that deletes the node at the location in the list as a count from the first node. So far this is the code I have: class node: def __init__(self): self.data = None # contains the data self.next = None # contains the reference to the next node class linked_list: def __init__(self): self.cur_node = None def add_node(self, data): new_node = node() # create a new node new_node.data = data new_node.next = self.cur_node # link the new node to the 'previous' node. self.cur_node = new_node # set the current node to the new one. def list_print(self): node = ll.cur_node while node: print node.data node = node.next def delete_node(self,location): node = ll.cur_node count = 0 while count != location: node = node.next count+=1 delete node ll = linked_list() ll.add_node(1) ll.add_node(2) ll.add_node(3) ll.list_print()

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  • How can I detect whether an image is a PNG or APNG format?

    - by perlit
    APNG is backwards compatible with PNG. I opened up an apng and png file in a hex editor and the first few bytes look identical. So if a user uploads either of these formats, how do I detect what the format really is? I've seen this done on some sites that block apng. I'm guessing the ImageMagick library makes this easy, but what if I were to do the detect without the use of an image processing library (for learning purposes)? Can I look for specific bytes that tell me if the file is apng? Solutions in any language is welcome.

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  • the error "invalid literal for int() with base 10:" keeps coming up

    - by ratce003
    I'm trying to write a very simple program, I want to print out the sum of all the multiples of 3 and 5 below 100, but, an error keeps accuring, saying "invalid literal for int() with base 10:" my program is as follows: sum = "" sum_int = int(sum) for i in range(1, 101): if i % 5 == 0: sum += i elif i % 3 == 0: sum += i else: sum += "" print sum Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • SQLAlchemy unsupported type error - and table design issues?

    - by Az
    Hi there, back again with some more SQLAlchemy shenanigans. Let me step through this. My table is now set up as so: engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('sid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('preferences', Integer), Column('allocated_rank', Integer), Column('allocated_project', Integer) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Fairly simple, and for the most part I've been enjoying the ability to query almost any bit of information I want provided I avoid the error cases below. The class it is mapped from is: class Student(object): def __init__(self, sid, name): self.sid = sid self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.sid, self.name) Explanation: preferences is basically a set of all the projects the student would prefer to be assigned. When the allocation algorithm kicks in, a student's allocated_project emerges from this preference set. Now if I try to do this: for student in students.itervalues(): session.add(student) session.commit() It throws two errors, one for the allocated_project column (seen below) and a similar error for the preferences column: sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError: (InterfaceError) Error binding parameter 4 - probably unsupported type. u'INSERT INTO studs (sid, name, allocated_rank, allocated_project) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)' [1101, 'Muffett,M.', 1, 888 Human-spider relationships (Supervisor id: 123)] If I go back into my code I find that, when I'm copying the preferences from the given text files, it actually refers to the Project class which is mapped to a dictionary, using the unique project id's (pid) as keys. Thus, as I iterate through each student via their rank and to the preferences set, it adds not a project id, but the reference to the project id from the projects dictionary. students[sid].preferences[int(rank)].add(projects[int(pid)]) Now this is very useful to me since I can find out all I want to about a student's preferred projects without having to run another check to pull up information about the project id. The form you see in the error has the object print information passed as: return "%s %s (Supervisor id: %s)" %(self.proj_id, self.proj_name, self.proj_sup) My questions are: I'm trying to store an object in a database field aren't I? Would the correct way then, be copying the project information (project id, name, etc) into its own table, referenced by the unique project id? That way I can just have the project id field for one of the student tables just be an integer id and when I need more information, just join the tables? So and so forth for other tables? If the above makes sense, then how does one maintain the relationship with a column of information in one table which is a key index on another table? Does this boil down into a database design problem? Are there any other elegant ways of accomplishing this? Apologies if this is a very long-winded question. It's rather crucial for me to solve this, so I've tried to explain as much as I can, whilst attempting to show that I'm trying (key word here sadly) to understand what could be going wrong.

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  • How do I call setattr() on the current module?

    - by Matt Joiner
    What do I pass as the first parameter "object" to the function setattr(object, name, value), to set variables on the current module? For example: setattr(object, "SOME_CONSTANT", 42); giving the same effect as: SOME_CONSTANT = 42 within the module containing these lines (with the correct object). I'm generate several values at the module level dynamically, and as I can't define __getattr__ at the module level, this is my fallback.

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  • Copy **kwargs to self?

    - by Mark
    Given class ValidationRule: def __init__(self, **kwargs): # code here Is there a way that I can define __init__ such that if I were to initialize the class with something like ValidationRule(other='email') then self.other would be "added" to class without having to explicitly name every possible kwarg?

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  • Convert args to flat list?

    - by Mark
    I know this is very similar to a few other questions, but I can't quite get this function to work correctly. def flatten(*args): return list(item for iterable in args for item in iterable) The output I'm looking for is: flatten(1) -> [1] flatten(1,[2]) -> [1, 2] flatten([1,[2]]) -> [1, 2] The current function, which I from another SO answer doesn't seem to produce correct results at all: >>> flatten([1,[2]]) [1, [2]] I wrote the following function which seems to work for 0 or 1 levels of nesting, but not deeper: def flatten(*args): output = [] for arg in args: if hasattr(arg, '__iter__'): output += arg else: output += [arg] return output

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  • Dynamically setting the queryset of a ModelMultipleChoiceField to a custom recordset

    - by Daniel Quinn
    I've seen all the howtos about how you can set a ModelMultipleChoiceField to use a custom queryset and I've tried them and they work. However, they all use the same paradigm: the queryset is just a filtered list of the same objects. In my case, I'm trying to get the admin to draw a multiselect form that instead of using usernames as the text portion of the , I'd like to use the name field from my account class. Here's a breakdown of what I've got: # models.py class Account(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128,help_text="A display name that people understand") user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) # Tied to the User class in settings.py class Organisation(models.Model): administrators = models.ManyToManyField(User) # admin.py from django.forms import ModelMultipleChoiceField from django.contrib.auth.models import User class OrganisationAdminForm(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): from ethico.accounts.models import Account self.base_fields["administrators"] = ModelMultipleChoiceField( queryset=User.objects.all(), required=False ) super(OrganisationAdminForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class Meta: model = Organisation This works, however, I want queryset above to draw a selectbox with the Account.name property and the User.id property. This didn't work: queryset=Account.objects.all().order_by("name").values_list("user","name") It failed with this error: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pk' I figured that this would be easy, but it's turned into hours of dead-ends. Anyone care to shed some light?

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  • Can SQLAlchemy DateTime Objects Only Be Naive?

    - by Sean M
    I am working with SQLAlchemy, and I'm not yet sure which database I'll use under it, so I want to remain as DB-agnostic as possible. How can I store a timezone-aware datetime object in the DB without tying myself to a specific database? Right now, I'm making sure that times are UTC before I store them in the DB, and converting to localized at display-time, but that feels inelegant and brittle. Is there a DB-agnostic way to get a timezone-aware datetime out of SQLAlchemy instead of getting naive datatime objects out of the DB?

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  • Url open encoding

    - by badc0re
    I have the following code for urllib and BeautifulSoup: getSite = urllib.urlopen(pageName) # open current site getSitesoup = BeautifulSoup(getSite.read()) # reading the site content print getSitesoup.originalEncoding for value in getSitesoup.find_all('link'): # extract all <a> tags defLinks.append(value.get('href')) The result of it: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/bs4/dammit.py:231: UnicodeWarning: Some characters could not be decoded, and were replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. "Some characters could not be decoded, and were " And when i try to read the site i get: ?7?e????0*"I??G?H????F??????9-??????;??E?YÞBs????????????4i???)?????^W?????`w?Ke??%??*9?.'OQB???V??@?????]???(P??^??q?$?S5???tT*?Z

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  • How do I use Django to insert a Geometry Field into the database?

    - by alex
    class LocationLog(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) utm = models.GeometryField(spatial_index=True) This is my database model. I would like to insert a row. I want to insert a circle at point -55, 333. With a radius of 10. How can I put this circle into the geometry field? Of course, then I would want to check which circles overlap a given circle. (my select statement)

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  • How to set up Atana Studio 3 Themes in Pydev

    - by willy1234x1
    I've installed the Aptana Studio 3 preview and noticed it has support for themes (such as a bespin style or Ruby envy) and I'd love to use the Bespin one in Pydev but so far I've had no luck getting it to work, anyone have a clue as to how to get it to work? Video showing the themes in action.

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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • Designing a Tag table that tells how many times it's used

    - by Satoru.Logic
    Hi, all. I am trying to design a tagging system with a model like this: Tag: content = CharField creator = ForeignKey used = IntergerField It is a many-to-many relationship between tags and what's been tagged. Everytime I insert a record into the assotication table, Tag.used is incremented by one, and decremented by one in case of deletion. Tag.used is maintained because I want to speed up answering the question 'How many times this tag is used?'. However, this seems to slow insertion down obviously. Please tell me how to improve this design. Thanks in advance.

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  • Dajano admin site foreign key fields

    - by user292652
    hi i have the following models setup class Player(models.Model): #slug = models.slugField(max_length=200) Player_Name = models.CharField(max_length=100) Nick = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True) Jersy_Number = models.IntegerField() Team_id = models.ForeignKey('Team') Postion_Choices = ( ('M', 'Manager'), ('P', 'Player'), ) Poistion = models.CharField(max_length=1, blank=True, choices =Postion_Choices) Red_card = models.IntegerField( blank=True, null=True) Yellow_card = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) Points = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) #Pic = models.ImageField(upload_to=path/for/upload, height_field=height, width_field=width, max_length=100) class PlayerAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('Player_Name',) search_fields = ['Player_Name',] admin.site.register(Player, PlayerAdmin) class Team(models.Model): """Model docstring""" #slug = models.slugField(max_length=200) Team_Name = models.CharField(max_length=100,) College = models.CharField(max_length=100,) Win = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) Loss = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) Draw = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) #logo = models.ImageField(upload_to=path/for/upload, height_field=height, width_field=width, max_length=100) class Meta: pass #def __unicode__(self): # return Team_Name #def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False): # pass @models.permalink def get_absolute_url(self): return ('view_or_url_name') class TeamAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('Team_Name',) search_fields = ['Team_Name',] admin.site.register(Team, TeamAdmin) my question is how do i get to the admin site to show Team_name in the add player form Team_ID field currently it is only showing up as Team object in the combo box

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  • initialize a numpy array

    - by Curious2learn
    Is there way to initialize a numpy array of a shape and add to it? I will explain what I need with a list example. If I want to create a list of objects generated in a loop, I can do: a = [] for i in range(5): a.append(i) I want to do something similar with a numpy array. I know about vstack, concatenate etc. However, it seems these require two numpy arrays as inputs. What I need is: big_array # Initially empty. This is where I don't know what to specify for i in range(5): array i of shape = (2,4) created. add to big_array The big_array should have a shape (10,4). How to do this? Thanks for your help.

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