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  • How do I find which isometric tiles are inside the cameras current view?

    - by Steve
    I'm putting together an isometric engine and need to cull the tiles that aren't in the camera's current view. My tile coordinates go from left to right on the X and top to bottom on the Y with (0,0) being the top left corner. If I have access to say the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right corner coordinates, is there a formula or something I could use to determine which tiles fall in range? This is a screenshot of the layout of the tiles for reference. If there isn't one, or there's a better way to determine which tiles are on screen and which to cull, I'm all ears and am grateful for any ideas. I've got a few other methods I may be able to try such as checking the position of the tile against a rectangle. I pretty much just need something quick. Thanks for giving this a read =)

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  • ssao implementation

    - by Irbis
    I try to implement a ssao based on this tutorial: link I use a deferred rendering and world coordinates for shading calculations. When saving gbuffer a vertex shader output looks like this: worldPosition = vec3(ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0)); normal = normalize(normalModelMatrix * inNormal); gl_Position = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0); Next for a ssao calculations I render a scene as a full screen quad and I save an occlusion parameter in a texture. (Vertex positions in the world space: link Normals in the world space: link) SSAO implementation: subroutine (RenderPassType) void ssao() { vec2 texCoord = CalcTexCoord(); vec3 worldPos = texture(texture0, texCoord).xyz; vec3 normal = normalize(texture(texture1, texCoord).xyz); vec2 noiseScale = vec2(screenSize.x / 4, screenSize.y / 4); vec3 rvec = texture(texture2, texCoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); mat3 tbn = mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); float occlusion = 0.0; float radius = 4.0; for (int i = 0; i < kernelSize; ++i) { vec3 pix = tbn * kernel[i]; pix = pix * radius + worldPos; vec4 offset = vec4(pix, 1.0); offset = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * offset; offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; float sample_depth = texture(texture0, offset.xy).z; float range_check = abs(worldPos.z - sample_depth) < radius ? 1.0 : 0.0; occlusion += (sample_depth <= pix.z ? 1.0 : 0.0); } outputColor = vec4(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion, 1); } That code gives following results: camera looking towards -z world space: link camera looking towards +z world space: link I wonder if it is possible to use world coordinates in the above code ? When I move camera I get different results because world space positions don't change. Can I treat worldPos.z as a linear depth ? What should I change to get a correct results ? I except the white areas in place of occlusion, so the ground should has the white areas only near to the object.

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  • How does one specify raster operations in XNA?

    - by Corey Ogburn
    I'm looking for a way to add a sprite using a particular logic operation (like XOR). I can't find anything on Google and I'm not sure where to look in the documentation. I've looked into SpriteBatch.Begin(...) and its Draw method and several options in the GraphicsDevice class, but I'm not recognizing anything capable of this. I'm still pretty new to XNA so I may just not have recognized the terminology to do this.

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  • Set vertex position

    - by user1806687
    Can anyone tell me how to set the positions of model vertices? I want to be able to change the position of some of the vertices of a Model. Is there any way to make that happen? And make the changed visible at that moment. EDIT: Well, the thing is,I have a model, a cube, that is made up of four "thin" cubes(top,bottom,left side, right side), so I get this cube with "hole" in the middle. And I want to scale it on Y axis. If I do Scale(0,2,0) it will scale the whole object meaning, it will double the Y size of left and right side, but also double the size of the top and bottom cube, which I do not want. Same for X axis I want to double the size of top and bottom cubes but not the left and right one. Hope you can help

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  • Are there any open source projects for car engine sound simulation?

    - by Petteri Hietavirta
    I have been thinking how to create realistic sound for a car. The main sound is the engine, then all kind of wind, road and suspension sounds. Are there any open source projects for the engine sound simulation? Simply pitching up the sample does not sound too great. The ideal would be to something that allows me to pick type of the engine (i.e. inline-4 vs v-8), add extras like turbo/supercharger whine and finally set the load and rpm. Edit: Something like http://www.sonory.org/examples.html

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  • This for array colllision function doesn't work with anything but first object in array

    - by Zee Bashew
    For some reason, this simple simple loop is totally broken. (characterSheet is my character Class, it's just a movieClip with some extra functionality) (hitBox, is basically a square movieclip) Anyway: every time hitBox make contact with a characterSheet in a different order than they were created: Nothing happens. The program only seems to be listening to collisions that are made with o2[0]. As soon as another hitBox is created, it pushes the last one out of o2[0] and the last one becomes totally useless. What's super weird is that I can hit characterSheets in any order I like.... public function collisions(o1:Array, o2:Array) { if((o1.lenght>=0)&&(o2.length>=0)){ for (var i = 0; i < o1.length; i++) { var ob1 = o1[i]; for (var f = 0; f < o1.length; f++) { var ob2 = o2[f]; if (ob1 is characterSheet) { if (ob2.hitTestObject(ob1)) { var right:Boolean = true; if (ob1.x < hitBox(ob2).origin.x) right = false; characterSheet(ob1).specialDamage(hitBox(ob2).damageType, hitBox(ob2).damage, right); }}}}}} Also it might be somewhat helpful to see the function for creating a new hitBox public function SpawnHitBox(targeted, following, atype, xoff, yoff, ... args) { var newHitBox = new hitBox(targeted, following, atype, xoff, yoff, args); badCollisionObjects.push(newHitBox); arraydictionary[newHitBox] = badCollisionObjects; addChild(newHitBox); }

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  • Make objects slide across the screen in random positions

    - by user3475907
    I want to make an object appear randomly at the right hand side of the screen and then slide across the screen and disapear at the left hand side. I am working with libgdx. I have this bit of code but it makes items fall from the top down. Please help. public EntityManager(int amount, OrthoCamera camera) { player = new Player(new Vector2(15, 230), new Vector2(0, 0), this, camera); for (int i = 0; i < amount; i++) { float x = MathUtils.random(0, MainGame.HEIGHT - TextureManager.ENEMY.getHeight()); float y = MathUtils.random(MainGame.WIDTH, MainGame.WIDTH * 10); float speed = MathUtils.random(2, 10); addEntity(new Enemy(new Vector2(x, y), new Vector2(-0, -speed))); }

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  • Image loaded from TGA texture isn't displayed correctly

    - by Ramy Al Zuhouri
    I have a TGA texture containing this image: The texture is 256x256. So I'm trying to load it and map it to a cube: #import <OpenGL/OpenGL.h> #import <GLUT/GLUT.h> #import <stdlib.h> #import <stdio.h> #import <assert.h> GLuint width=640, height=480; GLuint texture; const char* const filename= "/Users/ramy/Documents/C/OpenGL/Test/Test/texture.tga"; void init() { // Initialization glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glViewport(-500, -500, 1000, 1000); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45, width/(float)height, 1, 1000); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0, 0, -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0); // Texture char bitmap[256][256][3]; FILE* fp=fopen(filename, "r"); assert(fp); assert(fread(bitmap, 3*sizeof(char), 256*256, fp) == 256*256); fclose(fp); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, 256, 256, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap); } void display() { glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glColor3ub(255, 255, 255); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(40, 0, 0); glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(40, 40, 0); glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0, 40, 0); glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glEnd(); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutInitWindowSize(width, height); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); glutDisplayFunc(display); init(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } But this is what I get when the window loads: So just half of the image is correctly displayed, and also with different colors.Then if I resize the window I get this: Magically the image seems to fix itself, even if the colors are wrong.Why?

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  • How should I organise classes for a space simulator?

    - by Peteyslatts
    I have pretty much taught myself everything I know about programming, so while I know how to teach myself (books, internet and reading API's), I'm finding that there hasn't been a whole lot in the way of good programming. I am finishing up learning the basics of XNA and I want to create a space simulator to test my knowledge. This isn't a full scale simulator, but just something that covers everything I learned. It's also going to be modular so I can build on it, after I get the basics down. One of the early features I want to implement is AI. And I want to take this into account as I'm designing my classes so I can minimize rewriting code. So my question: How should I design ship classes so that both the player and AI can use them? The only idea I have so far is: Create a ship class that contains stats, models, textures, collision data etc. The player and AI would then have the data for position, rotation, health, etc and would base their status off of the ship stats.

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  • Drawing different per-pixel data on the screen

    - by Amir Eldor
    I want to draw different per-pixel data on the screen, where each pixel has a specific value according to my needs. An example may be a random noise pattern where each pixel is randomly generated. I'm not sure what is the correct and fastest way to do this. Locking a texture/surface and manipulating the raw pixel data? How is this done in modern graphics programming? I'm currently trying to do this in Pygame but realized I will face the same problem if I go for C/SDL or OpenGL/DirectX.

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  • Best way to load rigid bodies from file

    - by Mel
    I'm trying to switch to bullet for physics simulation. Lemme just say first that I am so pleased with bullet's accuracy and performance. After messing around it for a bit, I'm now trying to load rigid bodies from files. Most of my models are in blender and with some searching, I was able to export them in .bullet format. However, loading the files into bullet doesn't look like an easy task. I've come across this page that points me to a sample application that loads bullet files. But then it goes and says that this loader is just a starting point. Is there any open source library out there that will allow me to load rigid bodies from a file? I don't really wanna spend that much time trying to create my own loader.

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  • write to depth buffer while using multiple render targets

    - by DocSeuss
    Presently my engine is set up to use deferred shading. My pixel shader output struct is as follows: struct GBuffer { float4 Depth : DEPTH0; //depth render target float4 Normal : COLOR0; //normal render target float4 Diffuse : COLOR1; //diffuse render target float4 Specular : COLOR2; //specular render target }; This works fine for flat surfaces, but I'm trying to implement relief mapping which requires me to manually write to the depth buffer to get correct silhouettes. MSDN suggests doing what I'm already doing to output to my depth render target - however, this has no impact on z culling. I think it might be because XNA uses a different depth buffer for every RenderTarget2D. How can I address these depth buffers from the pixel shader?

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  • Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

    - by henryprescott
    I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the moment I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement (not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated.

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  • Continuous Collision Detection Techniques

    - by Griffin
    I know there are quite a few continuous collision detection algorithms out there , but I can't find a list or summary of different 2D techniques; only tutorials on specific algorithms. What techniques are out there for calculating when different 2D bodies will collide and what are the advantages / disadvantages of each? I say techniques and not algorithms because I have not yet decided on how I will store different polygons which might be concave or even have holes. I plan to make a decision on this based on what the algorithm requires (for instance if an algorithm breaks down a polygon into triangles or convex shapes I will simply store the polygon data in this form).

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  • How to make room reflection using Cubemap

    - by MaT
    I am trying to use a cube map of the inside of a room to create some reflections on walls, ceiling and floor. But when I use the cube map, the reflected image is not correct. The point of view seems to be false. To be correct I use a different cube map for each walls, floor or ceiling. The cube map is calculated from the center of the plane looking at the room. Are there specialized techniques to achieve such effect ? Thanks a lot !

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  • How to optimise mesh data

    - by Wardy
    So i have some procedurally generated mesh data and i want to reduce it down to its minimum number of verts. In case it matters this is a unity project. Working on the basis of a simple example, lets assume a typical flat surface of points 2 by 3. The point / vertex at [1,1] is used in many triangles. I've generated mesh for a voxel type engine that adds verts to a list based on face visiblility and now I want to remove all the duplicates. Can anyone come up with an efficient way of doing this because what i have is sooo bad its not even funny (and i don't even think it's logically correct) ... private void Optimize() { Vector3 v; Vector3 v2; for (int i = 0; i < Vertices.Count; i++) { v = Vertices[i]; for (int j = i+1; j < Vertices.Count; j++) { v2 = Vertices[j]; if (v.x == v2.x && v.y == v2.y && v.z == v2.z) { for (int ind = 0; ind < Indices.Count; ind++) { if (Indices[ind] == j) { Indices[ind] = i; } else if (Indices[ind] > j && Indices[ind] > 0) Indices[ind]--; } Vertices.RemoveAt(j); Uvs.RemoveAt(j); Normals.RemoveAt(j); } } } } EDIT: Ok i managed to get this (code sample above updated) to render an "optimised" set of verts but the UV data is all wrong now, which would make sense because i'm basically just removing any UV Vector that represents a UV coord for a removed vert and not actually considering what I need to do to "fix the tri" so to speak. The code now seemingly does work but its quite time consuming, still looking to further optimise.

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  • Numbers not adding up? (What am I not understanding here?) [closed]

    - by Milo
    I have the following output: Short version: The last numbers on the S= lines increase by H and SHOULD theoretically be linearly decreasing, ex: -285,-290,-295...but the fourth one jumps to -252. Yet, every other number is linearly increasing. Why is that and how could I fix that? To explain the numbers, it comes from slider value changed. I have a slider whose value is used to generate the float on the next line. Everything should be growing linearly here. This value is used to determine the size of a flow layout and it is also used in conjunction with a scrollbar. But basically I have a background for the flow layout and that number is the start location for rendering it. The numbers should linearly change to create a smooth transition but when that one jumps, it looks weird on screen and I dont understand why the numbers are jumping every X slider value changes. Mathematically what could be causing this? Here is the code for rendering the background and the function that is called when value changes: void LobbyTableManager::renderBG( GraphicsContext* g, agui::Rectangle& absRect, agui::Rectangle& childRect ) { float scale = 0.35f; int w = m_bgSprite->getWidth() * getTableScale() * scale; int h = m_bgSprite->getHeight() * getTableScale() * scale; int numX = ceil(absRect.getWidth() / (float)w) + 2; int numY = ceil(absRect.getHeight() / (float)h) + 2; int startY = childRect.getY(); int numAttempts = 0; while(startY + h < absRect.getY() && numAttempts < 1000) { startY += h; if(moo) { std::cout << startY << ","; } numAttempts++; } g->holdDrawing(); for(int i = 0; i < numX; ++i) { for(int j = 0; j < numY; ++j) { g->drawScaledSprite(m_bgSprite,0,0,m_bgSprite->getWidth(),m_bgSprite->getHeight(), absRect.getX() + (i * w) + (offsetX),absRect.getY() + (j * h) + startY,w,h,0); } } g->unholdDrawing(); g->setClippingRect(cx,cy,cw,ch); } void LobbyTableManager::setTableScale( float scale ) { scale += 0.3f; scale *= 2.0f; float scrollRel = m_vScroll->getRelativeValue(); setScale(scale); rescaleTables(); resizeFlow(); updateScrollBars(); float newVal = scrollRel * m_vScroll->getMaxValue(); m_vScroll->setValue(newVal); } void LobbyTableManager::valueChanged( agui::VScrollBar* source,int val ) { m_flow->setLocation(0,-val); } Any insight on mathematically why the anomaly might happen every Nth time would be helpful. I just dont understand why if every number linearly increates it jumps from -295 to -252! Thanks

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  • Basic 3D Collision detection in XNA 4.0

    - by NDraskovic
    I have a problem with detecting collision between 2 models using BoundingSpheres in XNA 4.0. The code I'm using i very simple: private bool IsCollision(Model model1, Matrix world1, Model model2, Matrix world2) { for (int meshIndex1 = 0; meshIndex1 < model1.Meshes.Count; meshIndex1++) { BoundingSphere sphere1 = model1.Meshes[meshIndex1].BoundingSphere; sphere1 = sphere1.Transform(world1); for (int meshIndex2 = 0; meshIndex2 < model2.Meshes.Count; meshIndex2++) { BoundingSphere sphere2 = model2.Meshes[meshIndex2].BoundingSphere; sphere2 = sphere2.Transform(world2); if (sphere1.Intersects(sphere2)) return true; } } return false; } The problem I'm getting is that when I call this method from the Update method, the program behaves as if this method always returns true value (which of course is not correct). The code for calling is very simple (although this is only the test code): if (IsCollision(model1, worldModel1, model2, worldModel2)) { Window.Title = "Intersects"; } What is causing this?

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  • How are trajectories calculated and transmitted to other players in Multi-Player ?

    - by giulio
    I play alot of COD4. And can see tracers for gunfire, missles, care packages fall from helicopters etc. There is alot of activity. I am curious to know the algorithm (at a high level) that manages all this action when you have 20 people on a map shooting each other to death ? This question touches on the subject but doesn't ask for a more in-depth answer as to how you the developers go about calculating and transmitting movement and collision detection for projectiles, be it missles/bullets or any other object that is flying through the air in real-time.

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  • Why the clip space in OpenGL has 4 dimensions?

    - by user827992
    I will use this as a generic reference, but the more i browser online docs and books, the less i understand about this. const float vertexPositions[] = { 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; in this online book there is an example about how to draw the first and classic hello world for OpenGL about making a triangle. The vertex structure for the triangle is declared as stated in the code above. The book, as all the other sources about this, stress the point that the Clip Space is a 4D structure that is used to basically decide what will be rasterized and rendered to the screen. Here I have my questions: i can't imagine something in 4D, i don't think that a human can do that, what is a 4D for this Clip space ? the most human-readable doc that i have read speaks about a camera, which is just an abstraction over the clipping concept, and i get that, the problem is, why not using the concept of a camera in the first place which is a more familiar 3D structure? The only problem with the concept of a camera is that you need to define the prospective in other way and so you basically have to add another statement about what kind of camera you wish to have. How i'm supposed to read this 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f ? All i get is that they are all float values and i get the meaning of the first 3 values, what does it mean the last one?

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  • Does XNA/MonoGame have a text caching mechanism, or has an open source one been implemented?

    - by Casey
    I'm playing around with MonoGame, and I've noticed the SpriteFont class draws static text very inefficiently. Each time the text is drawn the spacing is recalculated. This isn't a big deal on my quad core PC, but on mobile applications it might be a problem. Before I go and program some text which caches the arrangement of its letters in an array and then feeds that array to the SpriteBatch, I would like to make sure there isn't something available to do this already, either in MonoGame itself or a class someone has implemented and made available for general use.

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  • Apply bone tranforms when importing FBX in XNA

    - by hichaeretaqua
    Preconditions: I have some models, that does only contain some meshes and one texture. There is no animation within the model. An example: a model of a table. I want to draw the Model with a custom effect, so I have to swap the effect after loading the model. In order to draw them correctly, I have to apply the bone transformation manually on each draw for each mesh and effect as can be seen here. So there are two questions: Is there a option during import that allows my to apply the bone transformation on all vertices, so that during draw call I should not have to do this? Is there a option during import that merges all vertices into a Vertex- and IndexBuffer, that allows me to draw the whole model with just one call? I'm pretty sure that the build-in "Autodesk FBX - XNA Framework" does not support this features, but maybe there is an other imported available or an other possibility I missed. The aim is to speed up rendering a little bit especially by using instancing. So having one VertexBuffer to draw at one time would be pretty nice.

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  • 3D Texture Mapping (Atlas)

    - by Tim Hatch
    This is a pretty simple question. If I was to use multiple images in a single texture for a 3D cube, how would I go about re-using each vertex (having 8 total vs 24)? With a single buffer of 8 vertices, I don't see how I'd properly reuse the UV values. Any help on that? I know it's not terribly clear, but I figured it was a simple question. The 2D method is pretty easy, the next coordinates would be the same as the first (0,0 and 0,1 respectively). However, the above 3D version has me quite befuddled.

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  • What is the difference between Constant Vertex Attributes and Uniforms?

    - by Samaursa
    According to the OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming Guide: A constant vertex attribute is the same for all vertices of a primitive, and therefore only one value needs to be specified for all the vertices of a primitive. For uniforms the book states: ...any parameter to a shader that is constant across either all vertices or fragments (but that is not known at compile time) should be passed in as a uniform. I've always used uniforms for data that is constant for a primitive but now it appears that attributes can also be used in the same way. Is there more to constant vertex attribute than simply 'they are the same as uniforms'?

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  • How to use mount points in MilkShape models?

    - by vividos
    I have bought the Warriors & Commoners model pack from Frogames and the pack contains (among other formats) two animated models and several non-animated objects (axe, shield, pilosities, etc.) in MilkShape3D format. I looked at the official "MilkShape 3D Viewer v2.0" (msViewer2.zip at http://www.chumba.ch/chumbalum-soft/ms3d/download.html) source code and implemented loading the model, calculating the joint matrices and everything looks fine. In the model there are several joints that are designated as the "mount points" for the static objects like axe and shield. I now want to "put" the axe into the hand of the animated model, and I couldn't quite figure out how. I put the animated vertices in a VBO that gets updated every frame (I know I should do this with a shader, but I didn't have time to do this yet). I put the static vertices in another VBO that I want to keep static and not updated every frame. I now tried to render the animated vertices first, then use the joint matrix for the "mount joint" to calculate the location of the static object. I tried many things, and what about seems to be right is to transpose the joint matrix, then use glMatrixMult() to transform the modelview matrix. For some objects like the axe this is working, but not for others, e.g. the pilosities. Now my question: How is this generally implemented when using bone/joint models, and especially with MilkShape3D models? Am I on the right track?

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