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• Slick2D: Animation not being parsed from spritesheet correctly

  - by user2066880

  I have a 960x960 spritesheet with each tile being 192x192. I initialized my spritesheet and animation like so: spritesheet = new SpriteSheet("resources/spritesheets/player.png", 192, 192); walkingLeft = new Animation(spritesheet, 3, 0, 0, 1, true, 20, true); When I attempt to render the animation, I get a java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1 error. This error doesn't occur when I'm creating an animation from images in the same row. Therefore, I'm assuming that the error is being caused because of the way Slick is handling horizontal scanning (going to the next row after reaching the end).

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• libgdx rotation (animation, arrays) issues and help needed

  - by johnny-b

  well i am a noob at java and libgdx. i got the homing bullet working with the help of someone. now i am smashing my head as to how i can make it rotate so it faces the ball (which is the main character) when it goes around it or when it is coming towards it. the bullet is facing <--- and the code below is what i have done so far. also i used sprites for the bullet and also animation method. Also how do i make it an array/arraylist which is best so i can have multiple bullets at random or placed places. i tried many things nothing workd :( thank you for the help. // below is the bullet or enemy if you want to call it. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); lifetime += delta; setRegion(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(lifetime)); } } // this is where i load the images. public class AssetLoader { public static Animation bulletAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { // We must dispose of the texture when we are finished. texture.dispose(); } // this is for the rendering of the images etc public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } so there is the whole thing. the images are loaded via the AssetLoader then to the GameRenderer and GameWorld via the Bullet class. i am guessing that is how it is. sorry newbie so still learning. thank you in advace for the help or any advice.

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• What are the benefits of designing a KeyBinding relay?

  - by Adam Naylor

  The input system of Quake3 is handled using a Keybinding relay, whereby each keypress is matched against a 'binding' which is then passed to the CLI along with a time stamp of when the keypress (or release) occurred. I just wanted to get an idea from developers what they considered to be the key benefits of designing your input system around this approach? One thing i don't particularly like is the appending of the timestamp to the bound command. This seems like a bit of a hack to bend the CLI into handling the games input? Also I feel that detecting the keypress only to add the command to a stream of text that gets parsed at a later date to be a slightly latent way of responding to input? (or is this unfounded?) The only real benefit i can see is that it allows you to bind 'complex' commands to keypresses; like 'switch weapon;+fire;' for example. Or maybe for journaling purposes? Thanks for any insights!

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• How do walls affect lighting?

  - by Milkboat

  I have been trying to implement a simple form of lighting in my 2D game. In the screenshot, I don't think it looks very good, kind of just plastered over the top of the map. How would the wall effect how the lighting is displayed? Just looking for tips on how to make my lighting look a bit better. Right now I gave each tile a light value and I change that depending on if there is a light source near by. I don't take in account if there are any objects near by. Screenshot:

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• OpenGL font rendering

  - by DEElekgolo

  I am trying to make an openGL text rendering class using FreeType. I was originally following this code but it doesn't seem to work out for me. I get nothing reguardless of what parameters I put for Draw(). class Font { public: Font() { if (FT_Init_FreeType(&ftLibrary)) { printf("Could not initialize FreeType library\n"); return; } glGenBuffers(1,&iVerts); } bool Load(std::string sFont, unsigned int Size = 12.0f) { if (FT_New_Face(ftLibrary,sFont.c_str(),0,&ftFace)) { printf("Could not open font: %s\n",sFont.c_str()); return true; } iSize = Size; FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(ftFace,0,(int)iSize); FT_GlyphSlot gGlyph = ftFace->glyph; //Generating the texture atlas. //Rather than some amazing rectangular packing method, I'm just going //to have one long strip of letters with the height being that of the font size. int width = 0; int height = 0; for (int i = 32; i < 128; i++) { if (FT_Load_Char(ftFace,i,FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { printf("Error rendering letter %c for font %s.\n",i,sFont.c_str()); } width += gGlyph->bitmap.width; height += std::max(height,gGlyph->bitmap.rows); } //Generate the openGL texture glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); //if I texture exists then delete it. iTexture ? glDeleteBuffers(1,&iTexture):0; glGenTextures(1,&iTexture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,iTexture); glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_ALPHA,width,height,0,GL_ALPHA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //load the glyphs and set the glyph data int x = 0; for (int i = 32; i < 128; i++) { if (FT_Load_Char(ftFace,i,FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { //if it cant load the character continue; } //load the glyph map into the texture glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,x,0, gGlyph->bitmap.width, gGlyph->bitmap.rows, GL_ALPHA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, gGlyph->bitmap.buffer); //move the "pen" down the strip x += gGlyph->bitmap.width; chars[i].ax = (float)(gGlyph->advance.x >> 6); chars[i].ay = (float)(gGlyph->advance.y >> 6); chars[i].bw = (float)gGlyph->bitmap.width; chars[i].bh = (float)gGlyph->bitmap.rows; chars[i].bl = (float)gGlyph->bitmap_left; chars[i].bt = (float)gGlyph->bitmap_top; chars[i].tx = (float)x/width; } printf("Loaded font: %s\n",sFont.c_str()); return true; } void Draw(std::string sString,Vector2f vPos = Vector2f(0,0),Vector2f vScale = Vector2f(1,1)) { struct pPoint { pPoint() { x = y = s = t = 0; } pPoint(float a,float b,float c,float d) { x = a; y = b; s = c; t = d; } float x,y; float s,t; }; pPoint* cCoordinates = new pPoint[6*sString.length()]; int n = 0; for (const char *p = sString.c_str(); *p; p++) { float x2 = vPos.x() + chars[*p].bl * vScale.x(); float y2 = -vPos.y() - chars[*p].bt * vScale.y(); float w = chars[*p].bw * vScale.x(); float h = chars[*p].bh * vScale.y(); float x = vPos.x() + chars[*p].ax * vScale.x(); float y = vPos.y() + chars[*p].ay * vScale.y(); //skip characters with no pixels //still advances though if (!w || !h) { continue; } //triangle one cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2 , chars[*p].tx , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2 , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx , chars[*p].bh / h); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2 , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx , chars[*p].bh / h); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , chars[*p].bh / h); } glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,iVerts); glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_2D,iTexture); //Vertices glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(pPoint),&cCoordinates[0].x); //TexCoord 0 glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glTexCoordPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(pPoint),&cCoordinates[0].s); glCullFace(GL_NONE); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,6*sString.length(),cCoordinates,GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,n); glCullFace(GL_BACK); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0); glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } ~Font() { glDeleteBuffers(1,&iVerts); glDeleteBuffers(1,&iTexture); } private: unsigned int iSize; //openGL texture atlas unsigned int iTexture; //openGL geometry buffer; unsigned int iVerts; FT_Library ftLibrary; FT_Face ftFace; struct Character { float ax,ay;//Advance float bw,bh;//bitmap size float bl,bt;//bitmap left and top float tx; } chars[128]; };

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• OpenGL ES Basic Fragment Shader help with transparency

  - by Chris

  I have just spent my first half hour playing with the shader language. I have modified the basic program I have which renders the texture, to allow me to colour the texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; /* Given the texture coordinates, our pixel shader grabs the corresponding * color from the texture. */ void main() { //gl_FragColor = texture2D(texSampler, texCoord); gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,1); } I have noticed how this affects my transparent textures, and I believe I am loosing the alpha channel which would explain why previously transparent area's appear totally black. If I use the following line instead, I am shown the transparent area's gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).aaa,1); How can I retain the transparency after this modification to the colour? I have seen various things about a .w property, and also luminous, but my tweaks with those and the .aaa property are not working XD

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• Textures quality issues with Libgdx

  - by user1876708

  I have drawn several vector objets and characters ( in Adobe Illustrator ) for my game on Android. They are all scalable at any size without any quality losses ( of course it's vector ^^ ). I have tried to simulate my gameboard directly on Illustrator just before setting my assests on libdgx to implement them in my game. I set all the objects at the good size, so that they fit perfectly on my XHDPI device I am running my test on. As you can see it works great ( for me at least ^^ ), the PNG quality is good for me, as expected ! So I have edited all my PNG at this size, set my assets on libgdx and build my game apk. And here is a screenshot of my gameboard ( don't pay attention at the differences of placing and objects, but check at the objets presents on both screenshot ). As you can see, I have a loss of my PNG quality in the game. It can be seen clealry on the hedgehog PNG, but also ( but not as obvious ) on the mushroom ( check at the outline ) and the hole PNG. If you really pay attention, on every objects, you can see pixels that are not visible on my first screenshot. And I just can't figure out why this is happening Oo If you have any ideas, you are very welcome ! Thanks. PS : You can check more clearly the 2 gameboard on this two links ( look at them at 100%, display at high resolution ) : Good quality link, from Illustrator Poor quality link, from the game Second phase of tests : We display an object ( the hedgehog ) on our main menu screen to see how it looks like. The things is that it looks like he is suppose to, which means, high quality with no pixels. The hedgehog PNG is coming from an atlas : layer.addActor(hedgehog); No loss of quality with this method So we think the problem is comming from the method we are using to display it on our gameboard : blocks[9][3] = new Block(TextureUtils.hedgehog, new Vector2(9, 3)); the block is getting the size from the vector we are associating to it, but we have a loss of quality with this method.

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• Dynamic character animation - Using the physics engine or not

  - by Lex Webb

  I'm planning on building a dynamic reactant animation engine for the characters in my 2D Game. I have already built templates for a skeleton based animation system using key frames and interpolation to specify a limbs position at any given moment in time. I am using Farseer physics (an extension of Box2D) in Monogame/XNA in C# My real question lies in how i go about tying this character animation into the physics engine. I have two options: Moving limbs using physics engine - applying a interpolated force to each limb (dynamic body) in order to attempt to get it to its position as donated by the skeleton animation. Moving limbs by simply changing the position of a fixed body - Updating the new position of each limb manually, attempting to take into account physics collisions. Then stepping the physics after the animation to allow for environment interaction. Each of these methods have their distinct advantages and disadvantages. Physics based movement Advantages: Possibly more natural/realistic movement Better interaction with game objects as force applying to objects colliding with characters would be calculated for me. No need to convert to dynamic bodies when reacting to projectiles/death/fighting. Disadvantages: Possible difficulty in calculating correct amount of force to move a limb a certain distance at a constant rate. Underlying character balance system would need to be created that would need to be robust enough to prevent characters falling over at the touch of a feather. Added code complexity and processing time for the above. Static Object movement Advantages: Easy to interpolate movement of limbs between game steps Moving limbs is as simple as applying a rotation to the skeleton bone. Greater control over limbs, wont need to worry about characters falling over as all animation would be pre-defined. Disadvantages: Possible unnatural movement (Depends entirely on my animation skills!) Bad physics collision reactions with physics engine (Dynamic bodies simply slide out of the way of static objects) Need to calculate collisions with physics objects and my limbs myself and apply directional forces to them. Hard to account for slopes/stairs/non standard planes when animating walking/running animations. Need to convert objects to dynamic when reacting to projectile/fighting/death physics objects. The Question! As you can see, i have thought about this extensively, i have also had Google into physics based animation and have found mostly dissertation papers! Which is filling me with sense that it may a lot more advanced than my mathematics skills. My question is mostly subjective based on my findings above/any experience you may have: Which of the above methods should i use when creating my game? I am willing to spend the time to get a physics solution working if you think it would be possible. In the end i want to provide the most satisfying experience for the gamer, as well as a robust and dynamic system i can use to animate pretty much anything i need.

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• How to attach turrets to tiles in a tile based game

  - by Joseph St. Pierre

  I am a flash developer, and I am building a Tower Defense game. The world is being built through tiles, and I have gotten that accomplished easily. I have also gotten level changes and enemy spawning down as well. However, I wish the player to be able to spawn turrets, and have those turrets be on specific tiles, based upon where the player placed it. Here is my code: stop(); colOffset = 50; rowOffset = 50; guns = []; placed = true; dead = 0; spawned = 0; level = 1; interval = 350 / level; amount = level * 20; counter = 0; numCol = 14; numRow = 10; tiles = []; k = 0; create = false; tileName = new Array("road","grass","end", "start"); board = new Array( new Array(1,1,1,1,3,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1), new Array(1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1), new Array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1) ); buildBoard(); function buildBoard(){ for ( col = 0; col < numCol; col++){ for ( row = 0; row < numRow; row++){ _root.attachMovie("tile", "tile_" + col + "_" + row, _root.getNextHighestDepth()); theTile = eval("tile_" + col + "_" + row); theTile._x = (col * 50); theTile._y = (row * 50); theTile.row = row; theTile.col = col; tileType = board[row][col]; theTile.gotoAndStop(tileName[tileType]); tiles.push(theTile); } } } init(); function init(){ onEnterFrame = function(){ counter += 1; if ( spawned < amount && counter > 50){ min= _root.attachMovie("minion","minion",_root.getNextHighestDepth()); min._x = tile_4_0._x + 25; min._y = tile_4_0._y + 25; min.health = 100; choose = Math.round(Math.random()); if ( choose == 0 ){ min.waypointX = [ tile_4_1._x +25, tile_3_1._x + 25, tile_3_2._x + 25, tile_3_6._x + 25, tile_2_6._x + 25, tile_2_8._x + 25, tile_8_8._x + 25, tile_8_9._x + 25, tile_10_9._x + 25, tile_10_7._x + 25, tile_11_7._x + 25, tile_11_6._x + 25, tile_12_6._x + 25, tile_12_4._x + 25, tile_11_4._x + 25, tile_11_2._x + 25, tile_10_2._x + 25, tile_10_0._x + 25]; min.waypointY = [ tile_4_1._y +25, tile_3_1._y + 25, tile_3_2._y + 25, tile_3_6._y + 25, tile_2_6._y + 25, tile_2_8._y + 25, tile_8_8._y + 25, tile_8_9._y + 25, tile_10_9._y + 25, tile_10_7._y + 25, tile_11_7._y + 25, tile_11_6._y + 25, tile_12_6._y + 25, tile_12_4._y + 25, tile_11_4._y + 25, tile_11_2._y + 25, tile_10_2._y + 25, tile_10_0._y + 25]; } else if ( choose == 1 ){ min.waypointX = [ tile_4_1._x +25, tile_3_1._x + 25, tile_3_2._x + 25, tile_3_3._x + 25, tile_5_3._x + 25, tile_5_4._x + 25, tile_7_4._x + 25, tile_7_5._x + 25, tile_8_5._x + 25, tile_8_8._x + 25, tile_8_9._x + 25, tile_10_9._x + 25, tile_10_7._x + 25, tile_11_7._x + 25, tile_11_6._x + 25, tile_12_6._x + 25, tile_12_4._x + 25, tile_11_4._x + 25, tile_11_2._x + 25, tile_10_2._x + 25, tile_10_0._x + 25 ]; min.waypointY = [ tile_4_1._y +25, tile_3_1._y + 25, tile_3_2._y + 25, tile_3_3._y + 25, tile_5_3._y + 25, tile_5_4._y + 25, tile_7_4._y + 25, tile_7_5._y + 25, tile_8_5._y + 25, tile_8_8._y + 25, tile_8_9._y + 25, tile_10_9._y + 25, tile_10_7._y + 25, tile_11_7._y + 25, tile_11_6._y + 25, tile_12_6._y + 25, tile_12_4._y + 25, tile_11_4._y + 25, tile_11_2._y + 25, tile_10_2._y + 25, tile_10_0._y + 25 ]; } min.i = 0; counter = 0; spawned += 1; min.onEnterFrame = function(){ dx = this.waypointX[this.i] - this._x; dy = this.waypointY[this.i] - this._y; radians = Math.atan2(dy,dx); degrees = radians * 180 / Math.PI; xspeed = Math.cos(radians); yspeed = Math.sin(radians); this._x += xspeed; this._y += yspeed; if( this._x == this.waypointX[this.i] && this._y == this.waypointY[this.i]){ this.i++; } if ( this._x == tile_10_0._x + 25 && this._y == tile_10_0._y + 25){ this.removeMovieClip(); dead += 1; } } } if ( dead >= amount ){ dead = 0; level += 1; amount = level * 20; spawned = 0; } } btnM.onRelease = function(){ create = true; } } game.onEnterFrame = function(){ } It is possible for me however to complete this task, but only once. I am able to make the turret, drag it over to a tile, and have it attach itself to the tile. No problem. The issue is, I cannot do these multiple times. Please Help.

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• Moving around/avoiding obstacles

  - by János Harsányi

  I would like to write a "game", where you can place an obstacle (red), and then the black dot tries to avoid it, and get to the green target. I'm using a very easy way to avoid it, if the black dot is close to the red, it changes its direction, and moves for a while, then it moves forward to the green point. How could I create a "smooth" path for the computer controlled "player"? Edit: Not the smoothness is the main point, but to avoid the red blocking "wall" and not to crash into it and then avoid it. How could I implement some path finding algorithm if I just have basically 3 points? (And what would it make the things much more complicated, if you could place multiple obstacles?)

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• XNA C# Platformer - physics engine or tile based?

  - by Hugh

  I would like to get some opinions on whether i should develop my game using a physics engine (farseer physics seems to be the best option) or follow the traditional tile-based method. Quick background: - its a college project, my first game, but have 4 years academic programming experience - Just want a basic platformer with a few levels, nothing fancy - want a shooting mechanic, run and gun, just like contra or metal slug for example - possibly some simple puzzles I have made a basic prototype with farseer, the level is hardcoded with collisions and not really tiled, more like big full-screen sized tiles, with collision bodies drawn manually along the ground and walls etc. My main problem is i want a simple retro feel to the jumping and physics but because its a physics simulation engine its going to be realistic, whereas typical in air controllable physics for platformers arent realistic. I have to make a box with wheel body fixture under it to have this effect and its glitchy and doesnt feel right. I chose to use a physics engine because i tried the tile method initially and found it very hard to understand, the engine took care of alot things to save me time, mainly being able to do slopes easily was nice and the freedom to draw collision bounds wherever i liked, rather then restricted to a grid, which gave me more freedom for art design also. In conclusion i don't know which method to pick, i want to use a method which will be the most straight forward way to implement and wont give me a headache later on, preferably a method which has an abundance of tutorials and resources so i dont get "stuck" doing something which has been done a million times before! Let me know i haven't provided enough information for you to help me! Thanks in advance, Hugh.

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• How can I fade something to clear instead of white?

  - by Raven Dreamer

  I've got an XNA game which essentially has "floating combat text": short-lived messages that display for a fraction of a second and then disappear. I've recently added a gradual "fade-away" effect, like so: public void Update() { color.A -= 10; position.X += 3; if (color.A <= 10) isDead = true; } Where color is the Color int the message displays as. This works as expected, however, it fades the messages to white, which is very noticeable on my indigo background. Is there some way to fade it to transparent, rather than white? Lerp-ing towards the background color isn't an option, as there's a possibility there will be something between the text and the background, which would simply be the inverse of the current problem.

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• Problem using glm::lookat

  - by omikun

  I am trying to rotate a sprite so it is always facing a 3D camera. Object GLfloat vertexData[] = { // X Y Z U V 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, -0.8f,-0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f,-0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, }; Per frame transform glm::mat4 newTransform = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0), gCamera.position(), gCamera.up()); shaders->setUniform("camera", gCamera.matrix()); shaders->setUniform("model", newTransform); In the vertex shader: gl_Position = camera * model * vec4(vert, 1); The object will track the camera if I move the camera up or down, but if I move the camera left/right (spin the camera around the object's y axis), it will rotate in the other direction so I end up seeing its front twice and its back twice as I rotate around it 360. If I use -gCamera.up() instead, it would track the camera side to side, but spin the opposite direction when I move the camera up/down. What am I doing wrong?

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• multipass shadow mapping renderer in XNA

  - by Nick

  I am wanting to implement a multipass renderer in XNA (additive blending combines the contributions from each light). I have the renderer working without any shadows, but when I try to add shadow mapping support I run into an issue with switching render targets to draw the shadow maps. When I switch render targets, I lose the contents of the backbuffer which ruins the whole additive blending idea. For example: Draw() { DrawAmbientLighting() foreach (DirectionalLight) { DrawDirectionalShadowMap() // <-- I lose all previous lighting contributions when I switch to the shadow map render target here DrawDirectionalLighting() } } Is there any way around my issue? (I could render all the shadow maps first, but then I have to make and hold onto a render target for each light that casts a shadow--is this the only way?)

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• Is it possible to extract textures or sprites from compiled game files?

  - by Brian Reindel

  For instance, every map in Portal has what appear to be sprites over a texture indicating the obstacles you'll face (see screenshot). Are these resources compiled into the source as byte code, or is it possible to extract them from installation files? Obviously I understand copyright implications, and I am only interested in using it for a recreational project. Instead of recreating them, I wonder if they can be extracted.

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• Executing Components in an Entity Component System

  - by John

  Ok so I am just starting to grasp the whole ECS paradigm right now and I need clarification on a few things. For the record, I am trying to develop a game using C++ and OpenGL and I'm relatively new to game programming. First of all, lets say I have an Entity class which may have several components such as a MeshRenderer,Collider etc. From what I have read, I understand that each "system" carries out a specific task such as calculating physics and rendering and may use more that one component if needed. So for example, I would have a MeshRendererSystem act on all entities with a MeshRenderer component. Looking at Unity, I see that each Gameobject has, by default, got components such as a renderer, camera, collider and rigidbody etc. From what I understand, an entity should start out as an empty "container" and should be filled with components to create a certain type of game object. So what I dont understand is how the "system" works in an entity component system. http://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/GameObject.html So I have a GameObject(The Entity) class like class GameObject { public: GameObject(std::string objectName); ~GameObject(void); Component AddComponent(std::string name); Component AddComponent(Component componentType); }; So if I had a GameObject to model a warship and I wanted to add a MeshRenderer component, I would do the following: warship->AddComponent(new MeshRenderer()); In the MeshRenderers constructor, should I call on the MeshRendererSystem and "subscribe" the warship object to this system? In that case, the MeshRendererSystem should probably be a Singleton("shudder"). From looking at unity's GameObject, if each object potentially has a renderer or any of the components in the default GameObject class, then Unity would iterate over all objects available. To me, this seems kind of unnecessary since some objects might not need to be rendered for example. How, in practice, should these systems be implemented?

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• Multiple audio sources on a single gameObject in unity

  - by angryInsomniac

  So, I have an audio system set up wherein I have loaded all my audio clips centrally and play them on demand by passing the requesting audioSource into the sound manager. However, there is a complication wherein if I want to overlay multiple looping sounds, I need to have multiple audio sources on an object, which is fine , so I created two in my script instantiated them and played my clips on them and then the world went crazy. For some reason, when I create two audio Sources in an object only the latest one is ever used, even if I explicitly keep objects separated, playing a clip on one or the other plays the clip on the last one that was created, furthermore, either this last one is not created in the right place or somehow messes with the rolloff rules because I can hear it all across my level, havign just one source works fine, but putting a second one on it causes shit to go batshit insane. Does anyone know the reason / solution for this ? Some pseudocode : guardSoundsSource = (AudioSource)gameObject.AddComponent("AudioSource"); guardSoundsSource.name = "Guard_Sounds_source"; // Setup this source guardThrusterSource = (AudioSource)gameObject.AddComponent("AudioSource"); guardThrusterSource.name = "Guard_Thruster_Source"; // setup this source // play using custom Sound manager soundMan.soundMgr.playOnSource(guardSoundsSource,"Guard_Idle_loop" ,true,GameManager.Manager.PlayerType); // this method prints out the name of the source the sound was to be played on and it always shows "Guard_Thruster_Source" even on the "Guard_Idle_loop" even though I clearly told it to use "Guard_Sounds_source"

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• How to determine character's foot contact point on a uniform triangle mesh terrain?

  - by xenon

  For a terrain that is modelled by a heightmap with a uniform triangle mesh, what are some techniques I could use to determine the contact point of the foot of a character standing on the terrain? Since the terrain's Y values are altered by the heightmap, they won't be flat any more. As the character moves on the terrain, it has to know at which values of Y-value its foot should be. Conceptually, what are some methods and techniques to determine the contact point of the character's foot standing on the terrain?

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• Random map generation

  - by Thomas Owers

  I'm starting/started a 2D tilemap RPG game in Java and I want to implement random map generation. I have a list of different tiles, (dirt/sand/stone/grass/gravel etc) along with water tiles and path tiles, the problem I have is that I have no idea where to start on generating a map randomly. It would need to have terrain sections (Like a part of it will be sand, part dirt, etc.) Similar to how Minecraft is where you have different biomes and they seamlessly transform into each other. Lastly I would also need to add random paths into this as well going in different directions all over the map. I'm not asking anyone to write me all the code or anything, just piont me into the right direction please. tl;dr - Generate a tile map with biomes, paths and make sure the biomes seamlessly go into each other.

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• How important do you find exception safety to be in your C++ code?

  - by Kai

  Every time I consider making my code strongly exception safe, I justify not doing it because it would be so time consuming. Consider this relatively simple snippet: Level::Entity* entity = new Level::Entity(); entity->id = GetNextId(); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Position(x, y)); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Movement()); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Render()); allEntities.push_back(entity); // std::vector entityById[entity->id] = entity; // std::map return entity; To implement a basic exception guarantee, I could use a scoped pointer on the new calls. This would prevent memory leaks if any of the calls were to throw an exception. However, let's say I want to implement a strong exception guarantee. At the least, I would need to implement a shared pointer for my containers (I'm not using Boost), a nothrow Entity::Swap for adding the components atomically, and some sort of idiom for atomically adding to both the Vector and Map. Not only would these be time consuming to implement, but they would be expensive since it involves a lot more copying than the exception unsafe solution. Ultimately, it feels to me like that time spent doing all of that wouldn't be justified just so that the a simple CreateEntity function is strongly exception safe. I probably just want the game to display an error and close at that point anyway. How far do you take this in your own game projects? Is it generally acceptable to write exception unsafe code for a program that can just crash when there is an exception?

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• How do I add leaderboard feature of OpenFeint in android?

  - by Avi kumar Manku

  I am developing a game in android, by extending a class with view. I have integrated OpenFeint in it by studying the tutorial provided on the OpenFeint site, but I am not able to add the leaderboard feature in my app. How can I achieve it? My game class is like this public class GameActivity extends Activity { Intent i; Grapic g; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN); setContentView(new Grapic(this)); and Grapic is a class which extends view and where scoring is done with touch events.

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• How to integrate game logic in game engines

  - by MahanGM

  Recently I'm working on a 2d game engine example in .Net with C#. My main problem is that I can't figure out how I should include the game logic within the game. Currently I have a base engine which is a set of classes that they are running sub-systems like Render, Sound, Input and Core functionality. There is an editor which helps the user to add resources, build levels, write scripts and other stuffs. I came up with an idea to use Reflection and CSharpCodeProvider from my editor to compile the written code. This way I can get an executable of my product too. This way is quite well but I would like to know what's really the solution and architecture to do this. My engine's role is 2d platform. The scripting language is C# right now because I can't consist any other embeddable language for now. The game needs compilation and CSharpCodeProvider is the only way for me to do it meantime.

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• Matrix multiplication - Scene Graphs

  - by bgarate

  I wrote a MatrixStack class in C# to use in a SceneGraph. So, to get the world matrix for an object I am suposed to use: WorldMatrix = ParentWorld * LocalTransform But, in fact, it only works as expected when I do the other way: WorldMatrix = LocalTransform * ParentWorld Mi code is: public class MatrixStack { Stack<Matrix> stack = new Stack<Matrix>(); Matrix result = Matrix.Identity; public void PushMatrix(Matrix matrix) { stack.Push(matrix); result = matrix * result; } public Matrix PopMatrix() { result = Matrix.Invert(stack.Peek()) * result; return stack.Pop(); } public Matrix Result { get { return result; } } public void Clear() { stack.Clear(); result = Matrix.Identity; } } Why it works this way and not the other? Thanks!

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• Finite state machine in C++

  - by Electro

  So, I've read a lot about using FSMs to do game state management, things like what and FSM is, and using a stack or set of states for building one. I've gone through all that. But I'm stuck at writing an actual, well-designed implementation of an FSM for that purpose. Specifically, how does one cleanly resolve the problem of transitioning between states, (how) should a state be able to use data from other states, and so on. Does anyone have any tips on designing and writing a implementation in C++, or better yet, code examples?

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• Rotate a particle system

  - by Blueski

  Languages / Libraries in use: C++, OpenGL, GLUT Okay, here's the deal. I've got a particle system which shoots out alpha blended textures to produce a flame. The system only keeps track of very basic things such as, time alive, life, xyz and spread. The direction in which the flames are currently moving in is purely based on other things which are going on in my code ( I assume ). My goal however, is to attach the flame to the camera (DONE) and have the flame pointing in the direction my camera is facing (NOT WORKING). I've tried glRotate for both x,y,z and I can't get it to work properly. I'm currently using gluLookAt to move the camera, and get the flame to follow the XYZ of the camera by calling glTranslatef(camX, camY - offset, camZ); Any suggestions on how I can rotate the direction of the flame with the camera would be greatly appreciated. Heres an image of what I've got: http://i.imgur.com/YhV4w.png Notes: Crosshair depicts where camera is facing if I turn the camera, flame doesn't follow the crosshair Also asked here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9560396/rotate-a-particle-system but was referred here

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