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  • jQuery ajax() returning json object to another function on success causes error

    - by Michael Mao
    Hi all: I got stuck in this problem for an hour. I am thinking this is something relates to variable scoping ? Anyway, here is the code : function loadRoutes(from_city) { $.ajax( { url: './ajax/loadRoutes.php', async : true, cache : false, timeout : 10000, type : "POST", dataType: 'json', data : { "from_city" : from_city }, error : function(data) { console.log('error occured when trying to load routes'); }, success : function(data) { console.log('routes loaded successfully.'); $('#upperright').html(""); //reset upperright box to display nothing. return data; //this line ruins all //this section works just fine. $.each(data.feedback, function(i, route) { console.log("route no. :" + i + " to_city : " + route.to_city + " price :" + route.price); doSomethingHere(i); }); } }); } The for each section works just fine inside the success callback region. I can see Firebug console outputs the route ids with no problem at all. For decoupling purpose, I reckon it would be better to just return the data object, which in JSON format, to a variable in the caller function, like this: //ajax load function function findFromCity(continent, x, y) { console.log("clicked on " + continent + ' ' + x + ',' + y); $.ajax( { url: './ajax/findFromCity.php', async : true, cache : false, timeout : 10000, type : "POST", dataType : 'json', data : { "continent" : continent, "x" : x, "y" : y }, error : function(data) { console.log('error occured when trying to find the from city'); }, success : function(data) { var cityname = data.from_city; //only query database if cityname was found if(cityname != 'undefined' && cityname != 'nowhere') { console.log('from city found : ' + cityname); data = loadRoutes(cityname); console.log(data); } } }); } Then all of a sudden, everything stops working! Firebug console reports data object as "undefined"... hasn't that being assigned by the returning object from the method loadRoutes(cityname)? Sorry my overall knowledge on javascript is quite limited, so now I am just like a "copycat" to work on my code in an amateur way.

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  • Java language features which have no equivalent in C#

    - by jthg
    Having mostly worked with C#, I tend to think in terms of C# features which aren't available in Java. After working extensively with Java over the last year, I've started to discover Java features that I wish were in C#. Below is a list of the ones that I'm aware of. Can anyone think of other Java language features which a person with a C# background may not realize exists? The articles http://www.25hoursaday.com/CsharpVsJava.html and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Java_and_C_Sharp give a very extensive list of differences between Java and C#, but I wonder whether I missed anything in the (very) long articles. I can also think of one feature (covariant return type) which I didn't see mentioned in either article. Please limit answers to language or core library features which can't be effectively implemented by your own custom code or third party libraries. Covariant return type - a method can be overridden by a method which returns a more specific type. Useful when implementing an interface or extending a class and you want a method to override a base method, but return a type more specific to your class. Enums are classes - an enum is a full class in java, rather than a wrapper around a primitive like in .Net. Java allows you to define fields and methods on an enum. Anonymous inner classes - define an anonymous class which implements a method. Although most of the use cases for this in Java are covered by delegates in .Net, there are some cases in which you really need to pass multiple callbacks as a group. It would be nice to have the choice of using an anonymous inner class. Checked exceptions - I can see how this is useful in the context of common designs used with Java applications, but my experience with .Net has put me in a habit of using exceptions only for unrecoverable conditions. I.E. exceptions indicate a bug in the application and are only caught for the purpose of logging. I haven't quite come around to the idea of using exceptions for normal program flow. strictfp - Ensures strict floating point arithmetic. I'm not sure what kind of applications would find this useful. fields in interfaces - It's possible to declare fields in interfaces. I've never used this. static imports - Allows one to use the static methods of a class without qualifying it with the class name. I just realized today that this feature exists. It sounds like a nice convenience.

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  • C# Design Questions

    - by guazz
    How to approach unit testing of private methods? I have a class that loads Employee data into a database. Here is a sample: public class EmployeeFacade { public Employees EmployeeRepository = new Employees(); public TaxDatas TaxRepository = new TaxDatas(); public Accounts AccountRepository = new Accounts(); //and so on for about 20 more repositories etc. public bool LoadAllEmployeeData(Employee employee) { if (employee == null) throw new Exception("..."); EmployeeRepository emps = new EmployeeRepository(); bool exists = emps.FetchExisting(emps.Id); if (!exists) { emps.AddNew(); } try { emps.Id = employee.Id; emps.Name = employee.EmployeeDetails.PersonalDetails.Active.Names.FirstName; emps.SomeOtherAttribute; } catch() {} try { emps.Save(); } catch(){} try { LoadorUpdateTaxData(employee.TaxData); } catch() {} try { LoadorUpdateAccountData(employee.AccountData); } catch() {} ... etc. for about 20 more other employee objects } private bool LoadorUpdateTaxData(employeeId, TaxData taxData) { if (taxData == null) throw new Exception("..."); ...same format as above but using AccountRepository } private bool LoadorUpdateAccountData(employee.TaxData) { ...same format as above but using TaxRepository } } I am writing an application to take serialised objects(e.g. Employee above) and load the data to the database. I have a few design question that I would like opinions on: A - I am calling this class "EmployeeFacade" because I am (attempting?) to use the facade pattern. Is it good practace to name the pattern on the class name? B - Is it good to call the concrete entities of my DAL layer classes "Repositories" e.g. "EmployeeRepository" ? C - Is using the repositories in this way sensible or should I create a method on the repository itself to take, say, the Employee and then load the data from there e.g. EmployeeRepository.LoadAllEmployeeData(Employee employee)? I am aim for cohesive class and but this will requrie the repository to have knowledge of the Employee object which may not be good? D - Is there any nice way around of not having to check if an object is null at the begining of each method? E - I have a EmployeeRepository, TaxRepository, AccountRepository declared as public for unit testing purpose. These are really private enities but I need to be able to substitute these with stubs so that the won't write to my database(I overload the save() method to do nothing). Is there anyway around this or do I have to expose them? F - How can I test the private methods - or is this done (something tells me it's not)? G- "emps.Name = employee.EmployeeDetails.PersonalDetails.Active.Names.FirstName;" this breaks the Law of Demeter but how do I adjust my objects to abide by the law?

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  • Optimized .htaccess???

    - by StackOverflowNewbie
    I'd appreciate some feedback on the compression and caching configuration below. Trying to come up with a general purpose, optimized compression and caching configuration. If possible: Note your PageSpeed and YSlow grades Add configuration to your .htaccess Clear your cache Note your PageSpeed and YSlow grades to see if there are any improvements (or degradations) NOTE: Make sure you have appropriate modules loaded. Any feedback is much appreciated. Thanks. # JavaScript MIME type issues: # 1. Apache uses "application/javascript": http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/branches/1.3.x/conf/mime.types # 2. IIS uses "application/x-javascript": http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742440.aspx # 3. SVG specification says it is text/ecmascript: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/script.html#ScriptElement # 4. HTML specification says it is text/javascript: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/interact/scripts.html#h-18.2.2.2 # 5. "text/ecmascript" and "text/javascript" are considered obsolete: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4329.txt #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Compression #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <IfModule mod_deflate.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml # The following MIME types are in the process of registration AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xslt+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml # The following MIME types are NOT registered AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/mathml+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml # Deal with JavaScript MIME type issues AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/ecmascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript </IfModule> #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Expires header #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <IfModule mod_expires.c> # 1. Set Expires to a minimum of 1 month, and preferably up to 1 year, in the future # (but not more than 1 year as that would violate the RFC guidelines) # 2. Use "Expires" over "Cache-Control: max-age" because it is more widely accepted ExpiresActive on ExpiresByType application/pdf "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/bmp "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/tiff "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType video/x-flv "access plus 1 year" # Deal with JavaScript MIME type issues ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType text/ecmascript "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 year" # Probably better to explicitly declare MIME types than to have a blanket rule for expiration # Uncomment below if you disagree #ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 year" </IfModule> #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Caching #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <IfModule mod_headers.c> <FilesMatch "\.(bmp|css|flv|gif|ico|jpg|jpeg|js|pdf|png|svg|swf|tif|tiff)$"> Header add Cache-Control "public" Header unset ETag Header unset Last-Modified FileETag none </FilesMatch> </IfModule>

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  • Strategy pattern and "action" classes explosion

    - by devoured elysium
    Is it bad policy to have lots of "work" classes(such as Strategy classes), that only do one thing? Let's assume I want to make a Monster class. Instead of just defining everything I want about the monster in one class, I will try to identify what are its main features, so I can define them in interfaces. That will allow to: Seal the class if I want. Later, other users can just create a new class and still have polymorphism by means of the interfaces I've defined. I don't have to worry how people (or myself) might want to change/add features to the base class in the future. All classes inherit from Object and they implement inheritance through interfaces, not from mother classes. Reuse the strategies I'm using with this monster for other members of my game world. Con: This model is rigid. Sometimes we would like to define something that is not easily achieved by just trying to put together this "building blocks". public class AlienMonster : IWalk, IRun, ISwim, IGrowl { IWalkStrategy _walkStrategy; IRunStrategy _runStrategy; ISwimStrategy _swimStrategy; IGrowlStrategy _growlStrategy; public Monster() { _walkStrategy = new FourFootWalkStrategy(); ...etc } public void Walk() { _walkStrategy.Walk(); } ...etc } My idea would be next to make a series of different Strategies that could be used by different monsters. On the other side, some of them could also be used for totally different purposes (i.e., I could have a tank that also "swims"). The only problem I see with this approach is that it could lead to a explosion of pure "method" classes, i.e., Strategy classes that have as only purpose make this or that other action. In the other hand, this kind of "modularity" would allow for high reuse of stratagies, sometimes even in totally different contexts. What is your opinion on this matter? Is this a valid reasoning? Is this over-engineering? Also, assuming we'd make the proper adjustments to the example I gave above, would it be better to define IWalk as: interface IWalk { void Walk(); } or interface IWalk { IWalkStrategy WalkStrategy { get; set; } //or something that ressembles this } being that doing this I wouldn't need to define the methods on Monster itself, I'd just have public getters for IWalkStrategy (this seems to go against the idea that you should encapsulate everything as much as you can!) Why? Thanks

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  • XML: Process large data

    - by Atmocreations
    Hello What XML-parser do you recommend for the following purpose: The XML-file (formatted, containing whitespaces) is around 800 MB. It mostly contains three types of tag (let's call them n, w and r). They have an attribute called id which i'd have to search for, as fast as possible. Removing attributes I don't need could save around 30%, maybe a bit more. First part for optimizing the second part: Is there any good tool (command line linux and windows if possible) to easily remove unused attributes in certain tags? I know that XSLT could be used. Or are there any easy alternatives? Also, I could split it into three files, one for each tag to gain speed for later parsing... Speed is not too important for this preparation of the data, of course it would be nice when it took rather minutes than hours. Second part: Once I have the data prepared, be it shortened or not, I should be able to search for the ID-attribute I was mentioning, this being time-critical. Estimations using wc -l tell me that there are around 3M N-tags and around 418K W-tags. The latter ones can contain up to approximately 20 subtags each. W-Tags also contain some, but they would be stripped away. "All I have to do" is navigating between tags containing certain id-attributes. Some tags have references to other id's, therefore giving me a tree, maybe even a graph. The original data is big (as mentioned), but the resultset shouldn't be too big as I only have to pick out certain elements. Now the question: What XML parsing library should I use for this kind of processing? I would use Java 6 in a first instance, with having in mind to be porting it to BlackBerry. Might it be useful to just create a flat file indexing the id's and pointing to an offset in the file? Is it even necessary to do the optimizations mentioned in the upper part? Or are there parser known to be quite as fast with the original data? Little note: To test, I took the id being on the very last line on the file and searching for the id using grep. This took around a minute on a Core 2 Duo. What happens if the file grows even bigger, let's say 5 GB? I appreciate any notice or recommendation. Thank you all very much in advance and regards

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  • iPhone MailComposer class UIViewController dismissModalViewControllerAnimated issues

    - by Scott Pendleton
    I created a class to launch the MailComposer so that my iPhone app would only have one place to go when generating various kinds of e-mail: some with attachments, some not. Some with pre-filled addresses, some not. I didn't want my class implement UIViewController, but it has to so it can be the delegate for the MailComposer. Otherwise, the view controllers that call my class would themselves have to be delegates for the MailComposer, which defeats the purpose. The downside of having my class be a view controller is that it has to load to the screen before it can modally bring up the MailComposer. Unfortunately, view controllers can't be transparent. The effect is, whatever is on screen gets covered by a solid white view controller for a moment before the MailComposer appears. I could maybe live with that, but not this: after the MailComposer goes away, I'm left with my blank view controller occupying the screen. I ought to be able to get rid of it from within itself by calling this: [self.parentViewController dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:NO]; But that dies a horrible death: "Loading 43365 stack frames..." Has my class -- a UIViewController that pre-fills and then launches a MailComposer -- lost track of its parentViewController? It isn't nil, because I've tested for that. As launched from within the current view controller... // My class is called Email. Email *oEmail = [[[Email alloc] init] retain]; // Red, to remind myself that I'd like to someday learn to make it transparent. oEmail.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor]; // Pre-fill whatever fields you want, and specify attachments. oEmail.EmailSubject = @"I am truly stumped"; // This has to go on screen first. [self presentModalViewController:oEmail animated:NO]; // Then this can happen, which brings up the MailComposer. [oEmail f_SendEmail]; // Commenting out the next line didn't help, so I turned it back on. [oEmail release]; Inside the class, you need the mailComposeController:didFinishWithResult:error: method to make the MailComposer go away, and for that to happen, the class has to be the MFMailComposeViewControllerDelegate. Here's what happens in there: // This gets rid of the mail composer. [self dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES]; // This never fails to get rid of other modal view controllers when called // from within those controllers, but boy does it not work here. [self.parentViewController dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:NO]; If you can help me, I will be truly thankful!

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  • Vector math, finding coördinates on a planar between 2 vectors

    - by Will Kru
    I am trying to generate a 3d tube along a spline. I have the coördinates of the spline (x1,y1,z1 - x2,y2,z2 - etc) which you can see in the illustration in yellow. At those points I need to generate circles, whose vertices are to be connected at a later stadium. The circles need to be perpendicular to the 'corners' of two line segments of the spline to form a correct tube. Note that the segments are kept low for illustration purpose. [apparently I'm not allowed to post images so please view the image at this link] http://img191.imageshack.us/img191/6863/18720019.jpg I am as far as being able to calculate the vertices of each ring at each point of the spline, but they are all on the same planar ie same angled. I need them to be rotated according to their 'legs' (which A & B are to C for instance). I've been thinking this over and thought of the following: two line segments can be seen as 2 vectors (in illustration A & B) the corner (in illustraton C) is where a ring of vertices need to be calculated I need to find the planar on which all of the vertices will reside I then can use this planar (=vector?) to calculate new vectors from the center point, which is C and find their x,y,z using radius * sin and cos However, I'm really confused on the math part of this. I read about the dot product but that returns a scalar which I don't know how to apply in this case. Can someone point me into the right direction? [edit] To give a bit more info on the situation: I need to construct a buffer of floats, which -in groups of 3- describe vertex positions and will be connected by OpenGL ES, given another buffer with indices to form polygons. To give shape to the tube, I first created an array of floats, which -in groups of 3- describe control points in 3d space. Then along with a variable for segment density, I pass these control points to a function that uses these control points to create a CatmullRom spline and returns this in the form of another array of floats which -again in groups of 3- describe vertices of the catmull rom spline. On each of these vertices, I want to create a ring of vertices which also can differ in density (amount of smoothness / vertices per ring). All former vertices (control points and those that describe the catmull rom spline) are discarded. Only the vertices that form the tube rings will be passed to OpenGL, which in turn will connect those to form the final tube. I am as far as being able to create the catmullrom spline, and create rings at the position of its vertices, however, they are all on a planars that are in the same angle, instead of following the splines path. [/edit] Thanks!

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  • Using commit monitors as a form of code review

    - by Jeff Dege
    I'm working in a small company - four developers, working on a variety of projects. We've been looking at what we can do as cost-effective methods of process improvement, and an idea came up. Given what we do, we often have single developers working on parts of a system, independently of the other developers. This can have a number of negative affects: A developer might not be fully aware of the context in which a change is being implemented, and make the change in a way that will meet the current customer's needs, but will break functionality that other customers depend on. A developer might make a change that breaks the current architectural design, introducing a dependency that will cause problems in future development. Other developers might not be aware of how the system has changed, in areas that they have not worked on. We've talked about doing code reviews, as a way of dealing with these issues. But we've not had much success when we tried. It takes a lot of time to prepare a change for a code review, and it takes everybody out of production while the review is being performed. And the benefits of any review we've tried has been minimal. We're using Subversion (with TortioseSVN) as our VCS. I've been looking at the SubVersion CommitMonitor tool, and wondering whether it might work as a sort of poor-man's code review. It lists every commit made on the repository, allowing someone to see the changes that have been made, the log messages made for that change, the files that were included in the change, and the specific lines in each file that were changed. Rather than scheduling a meeting, trying to get everybody together to review every change, we could just have every developer review every other developer's commits, at whatever time was convenient. This would keep every developer abreast of what changes were being made elsewhere in the system, and would have every change reviewed for customer conflicts and design consistency, at a fairly low cost. If someone saw a problem with the code that was being checked in, he could discuss it with the developer who did the commit, or more likely, schedule a meeting to discuss how the new feature could be implemented in a way that would not impact other users or screw up the architecture. Anyone else doing anything like this, using commit monitors for such a purpose?

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  • Validate a string in a table in SQL Server - CLR function or T-SQL (Question updated)

    - by Ashish Gupta
    I need to check If a column value (string) in SQL server table starts with a small letter and can only contain '_', '-', numbers and alphabets. I know I can use a SQL server CLR function for that. However, I am trying to implement that validation using a scalar UDF and could make very little here...I can use 'NOT LIKE', but I am not sure how to make sure I validate the string irrespective of the order of characters or in other words write a pattern in SQL for this. Am I better off using a SQL CLR function? Any help will be appreciated.. Thanks in advance Thank you everyone for their comments. This morning, I chose to go CLR function way. For the purpose of what I was trying to achieve, I created one CLR function which does the validation of an input string and have that called from a SQL UDF and It works well. Just to measure the performance of t-SQL UDF using SQL CLR function vs t- SQL UDF, I created a SQL CLR function which will just check if the input string contains only small letters, it should return true else false and have that called from a UDF (IsLowerCaseCLR). After that I also created a regular t-SQL UDF(IsLowerCaseTSQL) which does the same thing using the 'NOT LIKE'. Then I created a table (Person) with columns Name(varchar) and IsValid(bit) columns and populate that with names to test. Data :- 1000 records with 'Ashish' as value for Name column 1000 records with 'ashish' as value for Name column then I ran the following :- UPDATE Person Set IsValid=1 WHERE dbo.IsLowerCaseTSQL (Name) Above updated 1000 records (with Isvalid=1) and took less than a second. I deleted all the data in the table and repopulated the same with same data. Then updated the same table using Sql CLR UDF (with Isvalid=1) and this took 3 seconds! If update happens for 5000 records, regular UDF takes 0 seconds compared to CLR UDF which takes 16 seconds! I am very less knowledgeable on t-SQL regular expression or I could have tested my actual more complex validation criteria. But I just wanted to know, even I could have written that, would that have been faster than the SQL CLR function considering the example above. Are we using SQL CLR because we can implement we can implement lot richer logic which would have been difficult otherwise If we write in regular SQL. Sorry for this long post. I just want to know from the experts. Please feel free to ask if you could not understand anything here. Thank you again for your time.

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  • Data denormalization and C# objects DB serialization

    - by Robert Koritnik
    I'm using a DB table with various different entities. This means that I can't have an arbitrary number of fields in it to save all kinds of different entities. I want instead save just the most important fields (dates, reference IDs - kind of foreign key to various other tables, most important text fields etc.) and an additional text field where I'd like to store more complete object data. the most obvious solution would be to use XML strings and store those. The second most obvious choice would be JSON, that usually shorter and probably also faster to serialize/deserialize... And is probably also faster. But is it really? My objects also wouldn't need to be strictly serializable, because JsonSerializer is usually able to serialize anything. Even anonymous objects, that may as well be used here. What would be the most optimal solution to solve this problem? Additional info My DB is highly normalised and I'm using Entity Framework, but for the purpose of having external super-fast fulltext search functionality I'm sacrificing a bit DB denormalisation. Just for the info I'm using SphinxSE on top of MySql. Sphinx would return row IDs that I would use to fast query my index optimised conglomerate table to get most important data from it much much faster than querying multiple tables all over my DB. My table would have columns like: RowID (auto increment) EntityID (of the actual entity - but not directly related because this would have to point to different tables) EntityType (so I would be able to get the actual entity if needed) DateAdded (record timestamp when it's been added into this table) Title Metadata (serialized data related to particular entity type) This table would be indexed with SPHINX indexer. When I would search for data using this indexer I would provide a series of EntityIDs and a limit date. Indexer would have to return a very limited paged amount of RowIDs ordered by DateAdded (descending). I would then just join these RowIDs to my table and get relevant results. So this won't actually be full text search but a filtering search. Getting RowIDs would be very fast this way and getting results back from the table would be much faster than comparing EntityIDs and DateAdded comparisons even though they would be properly indexed.

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  • SSH login with expect(1). How to exit expect and remain in SSH?

    - by Koroviev
    So I wanted to automate my SSH logins. The host I'm with doesn't allow key authentication on this server, so I had to be more inventive. I don't know much about shell scripting, but some research showed me the command 'expect' and some scripts using it for exactly this purpose. I set up a script and ran it, it worked perfectly to login. #!/usr/bin/env expect -f set password "my_password" match_max 1000 spawn ssh -p 2222 "my_username"@11.22.11.22 expect "*?assword:*" send -- "$password\r" send -- "\r" expect eof Initially, it runs as it should. Last login: Wed May 12 21:07:52 on ttys002 esther:~ user$ expect expect-test.exp spawn ssh -p 2222 [email protected] [email protected]'s password: Last login: Wed May 12 15:44:43 2010 from 20.10.20.10 -jailshell-3.2$ But that's where the success ends. Commands do not work, but hitting enter just makes a new line. Arrow keys and other non-alphanumeric keys produce symbols like '^[[C', '^[[A', '^[OQ' etc.[1] No other prompt appears except the two initially created by the expect script. Any ignored commands will be executed by my local shell once expect times out. An example: -jailshell-3.2$ whoami ls pwd hostname (...time passes, expect times out...) esther:~ user$ whoami user esther:~ ciaran$ ls Books Documents Movies Public Code Downloads Music Sites Desktop Library Pictures expect-test.exp esther:~ ciaran$ pwd /Users/ciaran esther:~ ciaran$ hostname esther.local As I said, I have no shell scripting experience, but I think it's being caused because I'm still "inside of" expect, but not "inside of" SSH. Is there any way to terminate expect once I've logged in, and have it hand over the SSH session to me? I've tried commands like 'close' and 'exit', after " send -- "\r" ". Yeah, they do what I want and expect dies, but it vindictively takes the SSH session down with it, leaving me back where I started. What I really need is for expect to do its job and terminate, leaving the SSH session back in my hands as if I did it manually. All help is appreciated, thanks. [1] I know there's a name for this, but I don't know what it is. And this is one of those frightening things which can't be googled, because the punctuation characters are ignored. As a side question, what's the story here?

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  • Code Golf: Evaluating Mathematical Expressions

    - by Noldorin
    Challenge Here is the challenge (of my own invention, though I wouldn't be surprised if it has previously appeared elsewhere on the web). Write a function that takes a single argument that is a string representation of a simple mathematical expression and evaluates it as a floating point value. A "simple expression" may include any of the following: positive or negative decimal numbers, +, -, *, /, (, ). Expressions use (normal) infix notation. Operators should be evaluated in the order they appear, i.e. not as in BODMAS, though brackets should be correctly observed, of course. The function should return the correct result for any possible expression of this form. However, the function does not have to handle malformed expressions (i.e. ones with bad syntax). Examples of expressions: 1 + 3 / -8 = -0.5 (No BODMAS) 2*3*4*5+99 = 219 4 * (9 - 4) / (2 * 6 - 2) + 8 = 10 1 + ((123 * 3 - 69) / 100) = 4 2.45/8.5*9.27+(5*0.0023) = 2.68... Rules I anticipate some form of "cheating"/craftiness here, so please let me forewarn against it! By cheating, I refer to the use of the eval or equivalent function in dynamic languages such as JavaScript or PHP, or equally compiling and executing code on the fly. (I think my specification of "no BODMAS" has pretty much guaranteed this however.) Apart from that, there are no restrictions. I anticipate a few Regex solutions here, but it would be nice to see more than just that. Now, I'm mainly interested in a C#/.NET solution here, but any other language would be perfectly acceptable too (in particular, F# and Python for the functional/mixed approaches). I haven't yet decided whether I'm going to accept the shortest or most ingenious solution (at least for the language) as the answer, but I would welcome any form of solution in any language, except what I've just prohibited above! My Solution I've now posted my C# solution here (403 chars). Update: My new solution has beaten the old one significantly at 294 chars, with the help of a bit of lovely regex! I suspected that this will get easily beaten by some of the languages out there with lighter syntax (particularly the funcional/dynamic ones), and have been proved right, but I'd be curious if someone could beat this in C# still. Update I've seen some very crafty solutions already. Thanks to everyone who has posted one. Although I haven't tested any of them yet, I'm going to trust people and assume they at least work with all of the given examples. Just for the note, re-entrancy (i.e. thread-safety) is not a requirement for the function, though it is a bonus. Format Please post all answers in the following format for the purpose of easy comparison: Language Number of characters: ??? Fully obfuscated function: (code here) Clear/semi-obfuscated function: (code here) Any notes on the algorithm/clever shortcuts it takes.

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  • Merging two XML files into one XML file using Java

    - by dmurali
    I am stuck with how to proceed with combining two different XML files(which has the same structure). When I was doing some research on it, people say that XML parsers like DOM or StAX will have to be used. But cant I do it with the regular IOStream? I am currently trying to do with the help of IOStream but this is not solving my purpose, its being more complex. For example, What I have tried is; public class GUI { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // Creates file to write to Writer output = null; output = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("C:\\merged.xml")); String newline = System.getProperty("line.separator"); output.write(""); // Read in xml file 1 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("C:\\1.xml"); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); String strLine; while ((strLine = br.readLine()) != null) { if (strLine.contains("<MemoryDump>")){ strLine = strLine.replace("<MemoryDump>", "xmlns:xsi"); } if (strLine.contains("</MemoryDump>")){ strLine = strLine.replace("</MemoryDump>", "xmlns:xsd"); } output.write(newline); output.write(strLine); System.out.println(strLine); } // Read in xml file 2 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("C:\\2.xml"); BufferedReader br1 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); String strLine1; while ((strLine1 = br1.readLine()) != null) { if (strLine1.contains("<MemoryDump>")){ strLine1 = strLine1.replace("<MemoryDump>", ""); } if (strLine1.contains("</MemoryDump>")){ strLine1 = strLine1.replace("</MemoryDump>", ""); } output.write(newline); output.write(strLine1); I request you to kindly let me know how do I proceed with merging two XML files by adding additional content as well. It would be great if you could provide me some example links as well..! Thank You in Advance..! System.out.println(strLine1); } }

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  • Stand-alone Java code formatter/beautifier/pretty printer?

    - by Greg Mattes
    I'm interested in learning about the available choices of high-quality, stand-alone source code formatters for Java. The formatter must be stand-alone, that is, it must support a "batch" mode that is decoupled from any particular development environment. Ideally it should be independent of any particular operating system as well. So, a built-in formatter for the IDE du jour is of little interest here (unless that IDE supports batch mode formatter invocation, perhaps from the command line). A formatter written in closed-source C/C++ that only runs on, say, Windows is not ideal, but is somewhat interesting. To be clear, a "formatter" (or "beautifier") is not the same as a "style checker." A formatter accepts source code as input, applies styling rules, and produces styled source code that is semantically equivalent to the original source code. A style checker also applies styling rules, but it simply reports rule violations without producing modified source code as output. So the picture looks like this: Formatter (produces modified source code that conforms to styling rules) Read Source Code → Apply Styling Rules → Write Styled Source Code Style Checker (does not produce modified source code) Read Source Code → Apply Styling Rules → Write Rule Violations Further Clarifications Solutions must be highly configurable. I want to be able to specify my own style, not simply select from a canned list. Also, I'm not looking for a general purpose pretty-printer written in Java that can pretty-print many things. I want to style Java code. I'm also not necessarily interested in a grand-unified formatter for many languages. I suppose it might be nice for a solution to have support for languages other than Java, but that is not a requirement. Furthermore, tools that only perform code highlighting are right out. I'm also not interested in a web service. I want a tool that I can run locally. Finally, solutions need not be restricted to open source, public domain, shareware, free software, commercial, or anything else. All forms of licensing are acceptable.

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  • How to create a compiler in vb.net

    - by Cyclone
    Before answering this question, understand that I am not asking how to create my own programming language, I am asking how, using vb.net code, I can create a compiler for a language like vb.net itself. Essentially, the user inputs code, they get a .exe. By NO MEANS do I want to write my own language, as it seems other compiler related questions on here have asked. I also do not want to use the vb.net compiler itself, nor do I wish to duplicate the IDE. The exact purpose of what I wish to do is rather hard to explain, but all I need is a nudge in the right direction for writing a compiler (from scratch if possible) which can simply take input and create a .exe. I have opened .exe files as plain text before (my own programs) to see if I could derive some meaning from what I assumed would be human readable text, yet I was obviously sorely disappointed to see the random ascii, though it is understandable why this is all I found. I know that a .exe file is simply lines of code, being parsed by the computer it is on, but my question here really boils down to this: What code makes up a .exe? How could I go about making one in a plain text editor if I wanted to? (No, I do not want to do that, but if I understand the process my goals will be much easier to achieve.) What makes an executable file an executable file? Where does the logic of the code fit in? This is intended to be a programming question as opposed to a computer question, which is why I did not post it on SuperUser. I know plenty of information about the System.IO namespace, so I know how to create a file and write to it, I simply do not know what exactly I would be placing inside this file to get it to work as an executable file. I am sorry if this question is "confusing", "dumb", or "obvious", but I have not been able to find any information regarding the actual contents of an executable file anywhere. One of my google searches Something that looked promising EDIT: The second link here, while it looked good, was an utter fail. I am not going to waste hours of my time hitting keys and recording the results. "Use the "Alt" and the 3-digit combinations to create symbols that do not appear on the keyboard but that you need in the program." (step 4) How the heck do I know what symbols I need??? Thank you very much for your help, and my apologies if this question is a nooby or "bad" one. To sum this up simply: I want to create a program in vb.net that can compile code in a particular language to a single executable file. What methods exist that can allow me to do this, and if there are none, how can I go about writing my own from scratch?

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  • In GWT I'd like to load the main page on www.domain.com and a dynamic page on www.domain.com/xyz - I

    - by Mike Brecht
    Hi, I have a question for which I'm sure there must a simple solution. I'm writing a small GWT application where I want to achieve this: www.domain.com : should serve the welcome page www.domain.com/xyz : should serve page xyz, where xyz is just a key for an item in a database. If there is an item associated with key xyz, I'll load that and show a page, otherwise I'll show a 404 error page. I was trying to modify the web.xml file accordingly but I just couldn't make it work. I could make it work with an url-pattern if the key in question is after another /, for example: www.domain.com/search/xyz. However, I'd like to have the key xyz directly following the root / (http://www.domain.com/xyz). Something like <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>main</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> doesn't seem to work as I don't know how to address the main page index.html (as it's not an actual servlet) which will then load my main GWT module. I could make it work with a bad work around (see below): Redirecting a 404 exception to index.html and then doing the look up in the main entry point, but I'm sure that's not the best practice, also for SEO purposes. Can anyone give me a hint on how to configure the web.xml with GWT for my purpose? Thanks a lot. Mike Work-around via 404: Web.xml: <web-app> <error-page> <exception-type>404</exception-type> <location>/index.html</location> </error-page> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> index.html -- Main Entry point -- onModuleLoad(): String path = Window.Location.getPath(); if (path == null || path.length() == 0 || path.equalsIgnoreCase("/") || path.equalsIgnoreCase("/index.html")) { ... // load main page } else { lookup(path.substring(1)); // that's key xyz

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  • Am I using EJBs properly?

    - by kgrad
    I am using a JEE6 stack including JPA 2.0, JSF 2.0, EJB 3.1 etc. The way my architecture is setup is the following: I have JPA annotated DAOs using hibernate as my JPA provider. I have JSF Managed beans which correspond to my facelet/xhtml pages. I have EJBs that handle all of my database requests. My XHTML pages have JSF EL which make calls to my Managed beans. My managed beans contain references to my DAO entities which are managed by EJBs. For example, I have a user entity which is mapped to a db table. I have a user EJB which handles all CRUD operations that return Users. I have a page that edits a user. The highlevel workflow would be: navigate to user edit page - EL calls a method located in the managed bean that loads a user. The method calls userEJB.loadUser(user) from the EJB to get the user from the database. The user is edited and submit - a function is called in the managed bean which calls a function in the EJB to save the user. etc. I am running into issues accessing my data within my JSF pages using EJBs. I am having a lot of problems with lazy initialization errors, which I believe is due to how I have set things up. For example, I have a Client entity that has a List of users which are lazily loaded. In order to get a client I call a method in my EJB which goes to the database, finds a client and returns it. Later on i wish to access this clients list of users, in order to do so i have to go back to the EJB by calling some sort of method in order to load those users (since they are lazily loaded). This means that I have to create a method such as public List<User> getUserListByClient(Client c) { c = em.merge(c); return c.getUserList(); } The only purpose of this method is to load the users (and I'm not even positive this approach is good or works). If i was doing session management myself, I would like just leave the session open for the entire request and access the property directly, this would be fine as the session would be open anyway, there seems to be this one extra layer of indirection in EJBs which is making things difficult for me. I do like EJBs as I like the fact that they are controlled by the container, pooled, offer transaction management for free etc. However, I get the feeling that I am using them incorrectly, or I have set up my JSF app incorrectly. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated. thanks,

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  • Is this a situation where Qt Model/View architecture is not useful?

    - by csmithmaui
    Hi, I am writing a GUI based application where I read a string of values from serial port every few seconds and I need to display most of the values in some type graphical indicator(I was thinking of QprogressBar maybe) that displays the range and the value. Some of the other data that I am parsing from the string are the date and fault codes. Also, the data is hierarchical. I wanted to use the model/view architecture of Qt because I have been interested in MVC stuff for a while but have never quite wrapped my brain around how to implement it very well. As of now, I have subclassed QAbstractItemModel and in the model I read the serial port and wrap the items parsed from the string in a Tree data structure. I can view all of the data in a QtreeView with no issues. I have also began to subclass QAbstractItemView to build my custom view with all of the Graphical Indicators and such. This is where I am getting stuck. It seems to me that in order for me to design a view that knows how to display my custom model the view needs to know exactly how all of the data in the model is organized. Doesn't that defeat the purpose of Model/View? The QTreeView I tested the model with is basically just displaying the model as it is setup in the Tree structure but I don't want to do that because the data is not all of the same type. Is the type of data or the way you would like to present it to the user a determining factor in whether or not you should use this architecture? I always assumed it was just always better to design in an MVC style. It seems to me like it might have been better to just subclass QWidget and then read in from the serial port and update all of subwidgets(graphical indicators, labels, etc...) from the subclass. Essentially, do everything in one class. Does anybody understand this issue that can explain to me either what I am missing or why I shouldn't be doing it this way. As of now I am a little confused. Thanks so much for any help!

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  • Computation on db data then list them using either SimpleCursorAdapter or ArrayAdapter

    - by kc2uno
    Hi all, I juststarted programming in android a few weeks ago, so I am not entirely sure how to deal with listing values. Please help me out! I have some questions regarding displaying data sets from db in a list. Currently I have a cursor returned by my db points to a list of rows and I want display 2 columns values in a single row of the list. The row xml looks like this: <TextView android:id="@+id/text1" android:textSize="16sp" android:textStyle="bold" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/text2" android:textSize="14sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"/> so I was thinking using simplecursoradapter which supposedly makes my life easier by displaying the data in a list. However that is only true if I want to display the raw data. For the purpose of my program I need to do some computations on the raw data sets, then display them. I am not sure how to do that using SimpleCursorAdapter. Here's how I display the raw data: String[] from = new String[]{BtDbAdapter.KEY_EX_TYPE,BtDbAdapter.KEY_EX_TIMESTAMP}; int[] to = new int[]{R.id.text1, R.id.text2}; // Now create a simple cursor adapter and set it to display SimpleCursorAdapter records = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.exset_row, mExsetCursor, from, to); setListAdapter(records); Is there a way to do computation on the data in those rows before I bind it with the SimpleCursorAdapter? I was trying to use an alternative way of doing this by using arraylist and arrayadapter, but that way I dont know to how achieve displaying 2 items in a single row. This is my code for using arrayadapter which only display 1 text in a row instead of 2 textviews in a row: //fill in the array timestamp_arr = new ArrayList<String>(); type_arr = new ArrayList<String>(); fillRecord(); Log.d(TAG,"setting now in recordlist"); setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.list_item,timestamp_arr)); setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.list_item2,type_arr)); It's very obvious that it only displays one textview in a row because I set the second arrayadapter overwrites the first one! I was trying to use R.id.text1 and R.id.text2 for them, but it gave me some errors saying 04-23 01:40:58.658: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3309): android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: Resource ID #0x7f070008 type #0x12 is not valid I believe the second method can achieve this, but I'm not sure how do deal with the layout problems, so if you any suggestions, please post them out. Thank you!!

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  • TinyMCE is modifying the XHTML 1.0 Strict HTML I input. How can I stop it?

    - by Matt
    The code I want to have saved through TinyMCE is as follows: <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" width="550" height="90" id="homepage-banner"> <param name="movie" value="/images/header.swf" /> <param name="wmode" value="transparent" /> <!--[if !IE]>--> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="/images/header.swf" width="550" height="90"> <param name="wmode" value="transparent" /> <!--<![endif]--> <img src="/images/header.jpg" width="550" height="90" alt="" border="0" /> <!--[if !IE]>--> </object> <!--<![endif]--> </object> Sadly, what I end up with is: <object data="/images/header.swf" height="90" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="550"> <param name="id" value="homepage-banner" /> <param name="wmode" value="transparent" /> <param name="src" value="/images/header.swf" /> </object> The purpose of the stripped parts of the code is to provide a fallback image if flash is not available on the client. In my tinyMCE.init({ ... }); I am using verify_html: true and valid_elements is set as per this forum topic whereby all valid XHTML 1.0 Strict elements are allowed. I have checked and the above code does comply with the XHTML 1.0 Strict standard. I have tried just setting verify_html to false but it had no effect. How can TinyMCE be configured to leave my HTML alone?!

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  • input type="text" not clickable in a jcarousel (jQuery based carousel) element

    - by AkaiKen
    Hello ! I work on a website where almost all objects are in a jCarousel element : <div> <ul id="mycarousel"> <li>object 1</li> <li>object 2</li> </ul> </div> is the "written" code, and : <div class=" jcarousel-skin-tango"> <div class="jcarousel-container jcarousel-container-horizontal" style="display: block;"> <div class="jcarousel-prev jcarousel-prev-horizontal jcarousel-prev-disabled jcarousel-prev-disabled-horizontal" style="display: block;" disabled="true"></div> <div class="jcarousel-next jcarousel-next-horizontal" style="display: block;" disabled="false"></div> <div class="jcarousel-clip jcarousel-clip-horizontal"> <ul class=" jcarousel-list jcarousel-list-horizontal" id="mycarousel" style="width: 2853px; left: 0px;"> <li class="jcarousel-item jcarousel-item-horizontal jcarousel-item-1 jcarousel-item-1-horizontal" jcarouselindex="1" style="width: 307px;"> object 1 </li> <li class="jcarousel-item jcarousel-item-horizontal jcarousel-item-1 jcarousel-item-1-horizontal" jcarouselindex="1" style="width: 307px;"> object 2 </li> </ul> </div> </div> is the generated code (here it lacks the ultimate </div>, maybe a number of rows limitation ?). I'm sorry I can't provide a link, I work on a local server currently. It works perfectly =) but... my problem is : an <input type="text" /> won't be clickable in this environment. I tried the others type of input, radio, checkbox, file : works. But text does not. I can specify a value on my input (it's its purpose on my work : a search in a database for datas to be modified and reinjected in database). In fact, I can access to the text input by clicking-right in then left. But it's pretty 'unergonomic', and in my project it's unthinkable. Ah, and I tried to style this input with a style="z-index:1000;", no changes, I think it's not a CSS problem. Does anybody have an idea ? Thank you very much in advance.

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  • Making a Grid in an NSView

    - by Hooligancat
    I currently have an NSView that draws a grid pattern (essentially a guide of horizontal and vertical lines) with the idea being that a user can change the spacing of the grid and the color of the grid. The purpose of the grid is to act as a guideline for the user when lining up objects. Everything works just fine with one exception. When I resize the NSWindow by dragging the resize handle, if my grid spacing is particularly small (say 10 pixels). the drag resize becomes lethargic in nature. My drawRect code for the grid is as follows: -(void)drawRect:(NSRect)dirtyRect { NSRect thisViewSize = [self bounds]; // Set the line color [[NSColor colorWithDeviceRed:0 green:(255/255.0) blue:(255/255.0) alpha:1] set]; // Draw the vertical lines first NSBezierPath * verticalLinePath = [NSBezierPath bezierPath]; int gridWidth = thisViewSize.size.width; int gridHeight = thisViewSize.size.height; int i; while (i < gridWidth) { i = i + [self currentSpacing]; NSPoint startPoint = {i,0}; NSPoint endPoint = {i, gridHeight}; [verticalLinePath setLineWidth:1]; [verticalLinePath moveToPoint:startPoint]; [verticalLinePath lineToPoint:endPoint]; [verticalLinePath stroke]; } // Draw the horizontal lines NSBezierPath * horizontalLinePath = [NSBezierPath bezierPath]; i = 0; while (i < gridHeight) { i = i + [self currentSpacing]; NSPoint startPoint = {0,i}; NSPoint endPoint = {gridWidth, i}; [horizontalLinePath setLineWidth:1]; [horizontalLinePath moveToPoint:startPoint]; [horizontalLinePath lineToPoint:endPoint]; [horizontalLinePath stroke]; } } I suspect this is entirely to do with the way that I am drawing the grid and am open to suggestions on how I might better go about it. I can see where the inefficiency is coming in, drag-resizing the NSWindow is constantly calling the drawRect in this view as it resizes, and the closer the grid, the more calculations per pixel drag of the parent window. I was thinking of hiding the view on the resize of the window, but it doesn't feel as dynamic. I want the user experience to be very smooth without any perceived delay or flickering. Does anyone have any ideas on a better or more efficient method to drawing the grid? All help, as always, very much appreciated.

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  • PHP-based LaTeX parser -- where to begin?

    - by Alex Basson
    The project: I want to build a LaTeX-to-MathML translator in PHP. Why? Because I'm a mathematician, and I want to publish math on my Drupal site. It doesn't have to translate all of LaTeX, since the basic document-level stuff is ably handled by the CMS and wouldn't be written in LaTeX to begin with; it just has to translate math written in LaTeX into math written in MathML. Although I feel as though I've done my due diligence, this doesn't seem to exist already. Maybe I'm wrong---if you know of something that would serve this purpose, by all means let me know, and thank you in advance. But assuming it doesn't exist, I guess I have to go write it myself. Here's the thing, though: I've never done anything this ambitious. I don't really know where to begin. I've used PHP for years, but just to do the standard "build a CMS with PHP and MySQL"-type of stuff. I've never attempted anything as seemingly sophisticated as translation from one language to another. I'm just dumb enough to consider doing it with regex---after all, LaTeX is a much more formal language, and it doesn't allow for nearly the kinds of pathological edge-cases, as say, HTML. But on the other hand, I'm just smart enough to realize this is probably a terrible idea: now I have two problems, and I sure don't want to end up like this guy. So if that's not the way to go (right?), what is? How should I start thinking about this problem? Am I essentially writing a LaTeX compiler in PHP, and if so, what do I need to know to do that (like, should I just go read the Purple Dragon book first?)? I'm both really excited and pretty intimidated by the prospect of this project, but hey, this is how we all learn to be programmers, right? If something we need doesn't exist, we go and build it, necessity is the mother of... you get the point. Tremendous thanks to everyone in advance for any and all guidance you can offer.

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  • PERL newbie : get a proper minimal debug_mode solution

    - by Michael Mao
    Hi all: I am learning PERL in a "head-first" manner. I am absolutely a newbie in this language: I am trying to have a debug_mode switch from CLI which can be used to control how my script works, by switching certain subroutines "on and off". And below is what I've got so far: #!/usr/bin/perl -s -w # purpose : make subroutine execution optional, # which is depending on a CLI switch flag use strict; use warnings; use constant DEBUG_VERBOSE => "v"; use constant DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS => "s"; use constant DEBUG_IGNORE_VALIDATION => "i"; use constant DEBUG_SETPPING_COMPUTATION => "c"; our ($debug_mode); mainMethod(); sub mainMethod # () { if(!$debug_mode) { print "debug_mode is OFF\n"; } elsif($debug_mode) { print "debug_mode is ON\n"; } else { print "OMG!\n"; exit -1; } checkArgv(); printErrorMsg("Error_Code_123", "Parsing Error at..."); verbose(); } sub checkArgv #() { print ("Number of ARGV : ".(1 + $#ARGV)."\n"); } sub printErrorMsg # ($error_code, $error_msg, ..) { if(defined($debug_mode) && !($debug_mode =~ DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS)) { print "You can only see me if -debug_mode is NOT set". " to DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS\n"; die("terminated prematurely...\n") and exit -1; } } sub verbose # () { if(defined($debug_mode) && ($debug_mode =~ DEBUG_VERBOSE)) { print "Blah blah blah...\n"; } } So far as I can tell, at least it works...: the -debug_mode switch doesn't interfere with normal ARGV the following commandlines work: ./optional.pl ./optional.pl -debug_mode ./optional.pl -debug_mode=v ./optional.pl -debug_mode=s However, I am puzzled when multiple debug_modes are "mixed", such as: ./optional.pl -debug_mode=sv ./optional.pl -debug_mode=vs I don't understand why the above lines of code "magically works". I see both of the "DEBUG_VERBOS" and "DEBUG_SUPPRESS_ERROR_MSGS" apply to the script, which is fine in this case. However, if there are some "conflicting" debug modes, I am not sure how to set the "precedence of debue_modes"? Also, I am not certain if my approach is good enough to Perlists and I hope I am getting my feet in the right direction. One biggest problem is that I now put if statements inside most of my subroutines for controlling their behavior under different modes. Is this okay? Is there a more elegant way? I know there must be a debug module from CPAN or elsewhere, but I wanna a real minimal solution that doesn't depend on any other module than the "default" And I cannot have any control on the environment where this script will be executed... Many thanks to the suggestions in advance.

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