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• How to monetize and protect a engine's and its framework's copyrights and patents?

  - by Arthur Wulf White

  I created a game engine that handles: Rendering levels with 2d textured curved surfaces Collisions with curved surfaces Animationn paths on and navigation in 2d-sapce I have also made a framework for: Procedural organic level generation with round surfaces Level editing Light weight sprite design The engine and framework are written in AS3 and I am in the process of translating the code into HaXe to better support other platforms. I am also interested in adding Animated curved platforms More advanced level editing features Currently, I have a part time job and any time I spend on this engine is either taken out of my limited free time (I'm a student working to support myself through school) or out my time working at my job. I really believe this engine can make life much easier for people designing Tower Defence games, Shooters and and Platformers while also possibly improving their results. It could also support RTS, RPGs and racing games very well. It continains original algorithms that could be used for procedural generation of organic round and smooth levels. The algorithms I used are new and are not available in any other level editor I've seen. In order to constantly improve the Engine and have it tested thoroughly I think the best route is releasing it to the public. What are the best ways to benefit myself and others with my new framework? I want to have some lisence, allowing me to share the framework and still benefit from it. Any advice would be appreciated. This issue has been on my mind a lot this year. I am hoping to find a solution that will bring me some relief. I am thinking of designing three sample games, releasing them and starting a kickstarter, any advice and thoughts on the matter would be valuable. My goal is like Markus von Broady suggested, to get people involved in developing the engine and let people use it for games for either a symbolic fee or for free and charge for support. That or use some form of croud sourcing. Do I need to hire a lawyer to get some sort of legal document to protect my work?

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• Drawing lots of tiles with OpenGL, the modern way

  - by Nic

  I'm working on a small tile/sprite-based PC game with a team of people, and we're running into performance issues. The last time I used OpenGL was around 2004, so I've been teaching myself how to use the core profile, and I'm finding myself a little confused. I need to draw in the neighborhood of 250-750 48x48 tiles to the screen every frame, as well as maybe around 50 sprites. The tiles only change when a new level is loaded, and the sprites are changing all the time. Some of the tiles are made up of four 24x24 pieces, and most (but not all) of the sprites are the same size as the tiles. A lot of the tiles and sprites use alpha blending. Right now I'm doing all of this in immediate mode, which I know is a bad idea. All the same, when one of our team members tries to run it, he gets very bad frame rates (~20-30 fps), and it's much worse when there are more tiles, especially when a lot of those tiles are the kind that are cut into pieces. This all makes me think that the problem is the number of draw calls being made. I've thought of a few possible solutions to this, but I wanted to run them by some people who know what they're talking about so I don't waste my time on something stupid: TILES: When a level is loaded, draw all the tiles once into a frame buffer attached to a big honking texture, and just draw a big rectangle with that texture on it every frame. Put all the tiles into a static vertex buffer when the level is loaded, and draw them that way. I don't know if there's a way to draw objects with different textures with a single call to glDrawElements, or if this is even something I'd want to do. Maybe just put all the tiles into a big giant texture and use funny texture coordinates in the VBO? SPRITES: Draw each sprite with a separate call to glDrawElements. Use a dynamic VBO somehow. Same texture question as number 2 above. Point sprites? This is probably silly. Are any of these ideas sensible? Is there a good implementation somewhere I could look over?

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• Strategies to Defeat Memory Editors for Cheating - Desktop Games

  - by ashes999

  I'm assuming we're talking about desktop games -- something the player downloads and runs on their local computer. Many are the memory editors that allow you to detect and freeze values, like your player's health. How do you prevent cheating? What strategies are effective to combat this kind of cheating? I'm looking for some good ones. Two I use that are mediocre are: Displaying values as a percentage instead of the number (eg. 46/50 = 92% health) A low-level class that holds values in an array and moves them with each change

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• Game state management (Game, Menu, Titlescreen, etc)

  - by munchor

  Basically, in every single game I've made so far, I always have a variable like "current_state", which can be "game", "titlescreen", "gameoverscreen", etc. And then on my Update function I have a huge: if current_state == "game" game stuf ... else if current_state == "titlescreen" ... However, I don't feel like this is a professional/clean way of handling states. Any ideas on how to do this in a better way? Or is this the standard way?

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• Extrapolation breaks collision detection

  - by user22241

  Before applying extrapolation to my sprite's movement, my collision worked perfectly. However, after applying extrapolation to my sprite's movement (to smooth things out), the collision no longer works. This is how things worked before extrapolation: However, after I implement my extrapolation, the collision routine breaks. I am assuming this is because it is acting upon the new coordinate that has been produced by the extrapolation routine (which is situated in my render call ). After I apply my extrapolation How to correct this behaviour? I've tried puting an extra collision check just after extrapolation - this does seem to clear up a lot of the problems but I've ruled this out because putting logic into my rendering is out of the question. I've also tried making a copy of the spritesX position, extrapolating that and drawing using that rather than the original, thus leaving the original intact for the logic to pick up on - this seems a better option, but it still produces some weird effects when colliding with walls. I'm pretty sure this also isn't the correct way to deal with this. I've found a couple of similar questions on here but the answers haven't helped me. This is my extrapolation code: public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { //Set/Re-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip){ SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); nextGameTick+=skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d/ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick+=timeCorrection; timeCorrection %=1; loops++; tics++; } extrapolation = (float)(System.currentTimeMillis() + skipTicks - nextGameTick) / (float)skipTicks; render(extrapolation); } Applying extrapolation render(float extrapolation){ //This example shows extrapolation for X axis only. Y position (spriteScreenY is assumed to be valid) extrapolatedPosX = spriteGridX+(SpriteXVelocity*dt)*extrapolation; spriteScreenPosX = extrapolationPosX * screenWidth; drawSprite(spriteScreenX, spriteScreenY); } Edit As I mentioned above, I have tried making a copy of the sprite's coordinates specifically to draw with.... this has it's own problems. Firstly, regardless of the copying, when the sprite is moving, it's super-smooth, when it stops, it's wobbling slightly left/right - as it's still extrapolating it's position based on the time. Is this normal behavior and can we 'turn it off' when the sprite stops? I've tried having flags for left / right and only extrapolating if either of these is enabled. I've also tried copying the last and current positions to see if there is any difference. However, as far as collision goes, these don't help. If the user is pressing say, the right button and the sprite is moving right, when it hits a wall, if the user continues to hold the right button down, the sprite will keep animating to the right, while being stopped by the wall (therefore not actually moving), however because the right flag is still set and also because the collision routine is constantly moving the sprite out of the wall, it still appear to the code (not the player) that the sprite is still moving, and therefore extrapolation continues. So what the player would see, is the sprite 'static' (yes, it's animating, but it's not actually moving across the screen), and every now and then it shakes violently as the extrapolation attempts to do it's thing....... Hope this help

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• Is it safe StringToHash() to use in Unity?

  - by Sebastian Krysmanski

  I'm currently browsing through the Unity tutorials and saw that they're recommending to use Animator.StringToHash("some string") to created unique ids for animation properties (see here). Since I'm a programmer, to me the word "hash" doesn't represents something unique. Like the Java documentation for hashValue() states: It is not required that if two objects are unequal [...], then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results. So, according to this (and my definition of "hash"), two strings may have the same hash value. (You can also argue that there are an infinite number of possible strings but only 2^32 possible int values.) So, is there a possibility that StringToHash() will give me an id that actually belongs to another property (than the one I requested the hash for)?

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• Apply bone tranforms when importing FBX in XNA

  - by hichaeretaqua

  Preconditions: I have some models, that does only contain some meshes and one texture. There is no animation within the model. An example: a model of a table. I want to draw the Model with a custom effect, so I have to swap the effect after loading the model. In order to draw them correctly, I have to apply the bone transformation manually on each draw for each mesh and effect as can be seen here. So there are two questions: Is there a option during import that allows my to apply the bone transformation on all vertices, so that during draw call I should not have to do this? Is there a option during import that merges all vertices into a Vertex- and IndexBuffer, that allows me to draw the whole model with just one call? I'm pretty sure that the build-in "Autodesk FBX - XNA Framework" does not support this features, but maybe there is an other imported available or an other possibility I missed. The aim is to speed up rendering a little bit especially by using instancing. So having one VertexBuffer to draw at one time would be pretty nice.

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• Frame timing for GLFW versus GLUT

  - by linello

  I need a library which ensures me that the timing between frames are more constant as possible during an experiment of visual psychophics. This is usually done synchronizing the refresh rate of the screen with the main loop. For example if my monitor runs at 60Hz I would like to specify that frequency to my framework. For example if my gameloop is the following void gameloop() { // do some computation printDeltaT(); Flip buffers } I would like to have printed a constant time interval. Is it possible with GLFW?

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• Child transforms problem when loading 3DS models using assimp

  - by MhdSyrwan

  I'm trying to load a textured 3d model into my scene using assimp model loader. The problem is that child meshes are not situated correctly (they don't have the correct transformations). In brief: all the mTansform matrices are identity matrices, why would that be? I'm using this code to render the model: void recursive_render (const struct aiScene *sc, const struct aiNode* nd, float scale) { unsigned int i; unsigned int n=0, t; aiMatrix4x4 m = nd->mTransformation; m.Scaling(aiVector3D(scale, scale, scale), m); // update transform m.Transpose(); glPushMatrix(); glMultMatrixf((float*)&m); // draw all meshes assigned to this node for (; n < nd->mNumMeshes; ++n) { const struct aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[nd->mMeshes[n]]; apply_material(sc->mMaterials[mesh->mMaterialIndex]); if (mesh->HasBones()){ printf("model has bones"); abort(); } if(mesh->mNormals == NULL) { glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); } else { glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); } if(mesh->mColors[0] != NULL) { glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); } else { glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); } for (t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; GLenum face_mode; switch(face->mNumIndices) { case 1: face_mode = GL_POINTS; break; case 2: face_mode = GL_LINES; break; case 3: face_mode = GL_TRIANGLES; break; default: face_mode = GL_POLYGON; break; } glBegin(face_mode); for(i = 0; i < face->mNumIndices; i++)// go through all vertices in face { int vertexIndex = face->mIndices[i];// get group index for current index if(mesh->mColors[0] != NULL) Color4f(&mesh->mColors[0][vertexIndex]); if(mesh->mNormals != NULL) if(mesh->HasTextureCoords(0))//HasTextureCoords(texture_coordinates_set) { glTexCoord2f(mesh->mTextureCoords[0][vertexIndex].x, 1 - mesh->mTextureCoords[0][vertexIndex].y); //mTextureCoords[channel][vertex] } glNormal3fv(&mesh->mNormals[vertexIndex].x); glVertex3fv(&mesh->mVertices[vertexIndex].x); } glEnd(); } } // draw all children for (n = 0; n < nd->mNumChildren; ++n) { recursive_render(sc, nd->mChildren[n], scale); } glPopMatrix(); } What's the problem in my code ? I've added some code to abort the program if there's any bone in the meshes, but the program doesn't abort, this means : no bones, is that normal? if (mesh->HasBones()){ printf("model has bones"); abort(); } Note: I am using openGL & SFML & assimp

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• 2D wave-like sprite movement XNA

  - by TheBroodian

  I'm trying to create a particle that will 'circle' my character. When the particle is created, it's given a random position in relation to my character, and a box to provide boundaries for how far left or right this particle should circle. When I use the phrase 'circle', I'm referring to a simulated circling, i.e., when moving to the right, the particle will appear in front of my character, when passing back to the left, the particle will appear behind my character. That may have been too much context, so let me cut to the chase: In essence, the path I would like my particle to follow would be akin to a sine wave, with the left and right sides of the provided rectangle being the apexes of the wave. The trouble I'm having is that the position of the particle will be random, so it will never be produced at the same place within the wave twice, but I have no idea how to create this sort of behavior procedurally.

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• How do I create a third Person View using DXUTCamera in DX10?

  - by David

  I am creating a 3d flying game and using DXUTCamera for my view. I can get the camera to take on the characters position, But I would like to view my character in the 3rd person. Here is my code for first person view: //Put the camera on the object. D3DXVECTOR3 viewerPos; D3DXVECTOR3 lookAtThis; D3DXVECTOR3 up ( 5.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); D3DXVECTOR3 newUp; D3DXMATRIX matView; //Set the viewer's position to the position of the thing. viewerPos.x = character->x; viewerPos.y = character->y; viewerPos.z = character->z; // Create a new vector for the direction for the viewer to look character->setUpWorldMatrix(); D3DXVECTOR3 newDir, lookAtPoint; D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&newDir, &character->initVecDir, &character->matAllRotations); // set lookatpoint D3DXVec3Normalize(&lookAtPoint, &newDir); lookAtPoint.x += viewerPos.x; lookAtPoint.y += viewerPos.y; lookAtPoint.z += viewerPos.z; g_Camera.SetViewParams(&viewerPos, &lookAtPoint); So does anyone have an ideas how I can move the camera to the third person view? preferably timed so there is a smooth action in the camera movement. (I'm hoping I can just edit this code instead of bringing in another camera class)

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• How to implement a game launch counter in LibGDX

  - by Vishal Kumar

  I'm writing a game using LibGDX in which I want to save the number of launches of a game in a text file. So, In the create() of my starter class, I have the following code ..but it's not working public class MainStarter extends Game { private int count; @Override public void create() { // Set up the application AppSettings.setUp(); if(SettingsManager.isFirstLaunch()){ SettingsManager.createTextFileInLocalStorage("gamedata"); SettingsManager.writeLine("gamedata", "Launched:"+count ,FileType.LOCAL_FILE ); } else{ SettingsManager.writeLine("gamedata", "Not First launch :"+count++ ,FileType.LOCAL_FILE ); } // // Load assets before setting the screen // ##################################### Assets.loadAll(); // Set the tests screen setScreen(new MainMenuScreen(this, "Main Menu")); } } What is the proper way to do this?

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• (int) Math.floor(x / TILESIZE) or just (int) (x / TILESIZE)

  - by Aidan Mueller

  I have a Array that stores my map data and my Tiles are 64X64. Sometimes I need to convert from pixels to units of tiles. So I was doing: int x int y public void myFunction() { getTile((int) Math.floor(x / 64), (int) Math.floor(y / 64)).doOperation(); } But I discovered by using (I'm using java BTW) System.out.println((int) (1 / 1.5)) that converting to an int automatically rounds down. This means that I can replace the (int) Math.floor with just x / 64. But if I run this on a different OS do you think it might give a different result? I'm just afraid there might be some case where this would round up and not down. Should I keep doing it the way I was and maybe make a function like convert(int i) to make it easier? Or is it OK to just do x / 64?

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• Physics-based dynamic audio generation in games

  - by alexc

  I wonder if it is possible to generate audio dynamically without any (!) audio assets, using pure mathematics/physics and some input values like material properties and spatial distribution of content in scene space. What I have in mind is something like a scene, with concrete floor, wooden table and glass on it. Now let's assume force pushes the glass towards the edge of table and then the glass falls onto the floor and shatters. The near-realistic glass destruction itself would be possible using voxels and good physics engine, but what about the sound the glass makes while shattering? I believe there is a way to generate that sound, because physics of sound is fairly known these days, but how computationaly costy that would be? Consumer hardware or supercomputers? Do any of you know some good resources/videos of such an experiment?

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• What causes Box2D revolute joints to separate?

  - by nbolton

  I have created a rag doll using dynamic bodies (rectangles) and simple revolute joints (with lower and upper angles). When my rag doll hits the ground (which is a static body) the bodies seem to fidget and the joints separate. It looks like the bodies are sticking to the ground, and the momentum of the rag doll pulls the joint apart (see screenshot below). I'm not sure if it's related, but I'm using the Badlogic GDX Java wrapper for Box2D. Here's some snippets of what I think is the most relevant code: private RevoluteJoint joinBodyParts( Body a, Body b, Vector2 anchor, float lowerAngle, float upperAngle) { RevoluteJointDef jointDef = new RevoluteJointDef(); jointDef.initialize(a, b, a.getWorldPoint(anchor)); jointDef.enableLimit = true; jointDef.lowerAngle = lowerAngle; jointDef.upperAngle = upperAngle; return (RevoluteJoint)world.createJoint(jointDef); } private Body createRectangleBodyPart( float x, float y, float width, float height) { PolygonShape shape = new PolygonShape(); shape.setAsBox(width, height); BodyDef bodyDef = new BodyDef(); bodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; bodyDef.position.y = y; bodyDef.position.x = x; Body body = world.createBody(bodyDef); FixtureDef fixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); fixtureDef.shape = shape; fixtureDef.density = 10; fixtureDef.filter.groupIndex = -1; fixtureDef.filter.categoryBits = FILTER_BOY; fixtureDef.filter.maskBits = FILTER_STUFF | FILTER_WALL; body.createFixture(fixtureDef); shape.dispose(); return body; } I've skipped the method for creating the head, as it's pretty much the same as the rectangle method (just using a cricle shape). Those methods are used like so: torso = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.5f); Body head = createRoundBodyPart(x, y + 7.4f, 1); Body leftLegTop = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 2.7f, 0.25f, 1); Body rightLegTop = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 2.7f, 0.25f, 1); Body leftLegBottom = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 1, 0.25f, 1); Body rightLegBottom = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 1, 0.25f, 1); Body leftArm = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.2f); Body rightArm = createRectangleBodyPart(x, y + 5, 0.25f, 1.2f); joinBodyParts(torso, head, new Vector2(0, 1.6f), headAngle); leftLegTopJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, leftLegTop, new Vector2(0, -1.2f), 0.1f, legAngle); rightLegTopJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, rightLegTop, new Vector2(0, -1.2f), 0.1f, legAngle); leftLegBottomJoint = joinBodyParts(leftLegTop, leftLegBottom, new Vector2(0, -1), -legAngle * 1.5f, 0); rightLegBottomJoint = joinBodyParts(rightLegTop, rightLegBottom, new Vector2(0, -1), -legAngle * 1.5f, 0); leftArmJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, leftArm, new Vector2(0, 1), -armAngle * 0.7f, armAngle); rightArmJoint = joinBodyParts(torso, rightArm, new Vector2(0, 1), -armAngle * 0.7f, armAngle);

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• How do I dynamically reload content files?

  - by Kikaimaru

  Is there a relatively simple way to dynamically reload content files, such as effect files? I know I can do the following: Detect change of file Run content pipeline to rebuild that specific file Unload ALL content that was loaded Load all content And use double references to reference content files. The problem is with step 3 (and step 2 isn't that nice either). I need to unload everything because if I have model Hero.x which references Model.fx effect, and I change the Model.fx file, I need to reload the Hero.x file which will then call LoadExternalReference on Model.fx. Has someone managed to make this work without rewriting the whole ContentManager (and every ContentReader) and tracking calls to LoadExternalReference?

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• Multi-Threaded Pipelined Game Engine Data Synchronization Questions

  - by Douglas

  Let's say I'm setting up a worker pool based game engine with pipelining. Let's say I have 4 stages in my pipeline as such: Stage 1: Physics Stage 2: AI/Input Stage 3: Game Logic Stage 4: Rendering Now let's say that the physics detects a collision between a bullet and a character in stage 1. Two frames later the game logic may choose to remove that bullet from the simulation, however none of the other copies of the data for the other pipeline stages will get this information. How is this sort of thing and other things like it get handled? Do you generally make changes like this to every pipeline stage's data at the end of a frame?

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• Can I use PBOs for textures in iOS?

  - by Radu

  As far as I can see, there is no GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER. Also, the OpenGL ES 2.0 specification (and as far as I know, no iOS device currently supports OpenGL ES 2.0) states that glMapBufferOES() can only use GL_ARRAY_BUFFER as a target, yet glTexImage2D() and glTexSubImage2D() only seem to use PBOs if GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER is bound. The OpenGL documentation for glBindBuffer() also states that: GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER and GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER are available only if the GL version is 2.1 or greater. So, can I use PBOs for textures? Am I missing something obvious?

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• How to convert from wav or mp3 to raw PCM [on hold]

  - by Komyg

  I am developing a game using Cocos2d-X and Marmalade SDK, and I am looking for any recommendations of programs that can convert audio files in mp3 or wav format to raw PCM 16 format. The problem is that I am using the SimpleAudioEngine class to play sounds in my game and in Marmalade it only supports files that are encoded as raw PCM 16. Unfortunately I've been having a very hard time finding a program that can do this type of conversion, so I am looking for a recommendation.

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• Checking whether a specific key was pressed in enchantJS

  - by MxyL

  I am using enchantJS and would like to use the letters and numbers as well as numpad on a keyboard to do different things (eg: hotkeys). From this page http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~foaad/enchant/guide/playerInput.html By default, enchant.js provides input listeners for six buttons: UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, A, and B. By default, the directions are bound to the arrow keys. Any of the six buttons may also be bound to any key with an ASCII value. We’ll address that later. So enchant provides the ability to bind keys to different input such as up, down, left, right...but how can I simply check whether the D or X key was pressed, and if so, perform certain actions based on that event?

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• Assets.getBytes returns null in test environment

  - by ashes999

  I'm using the latest Haxe (2.10), NME (3.4.3), and MUnit. I've written some unit tests that need to fetch bitmap data from SWF symbols. The first step is to actually load the SWF data. To do this, I use NME's getByteArray along with the swf library, like so: var blah:SWF = new SWF(Assets.getBytes("assets/swf/test.swf")); The call to Assets.getBytes returns null when I'm running this under MUnit. When running my actual game code, I'm able to get the byte array (and consequentially, instantiate the SWF class). Am I doing something wrong? What am I missing? Edit: My directory structure is: . (root .\assets .\assets\*.png (other images) .\assets\swf\*.swf (SWFs) .\Source\*.hx (source code) .\Test\*.hx (tests)

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• Dynamic Quad/Oct Trees

  - by KKlouzal

  I've recently discovered the power of Quadtrees and Octrees and their role in culling/LOD applications, however I've been pondering on the implementations for a Dynamic Quad/Oct Tree. Such tree would not require a complete rebuild when some of the underlying data changes (Vertex Data). Would it be possible to create such a tree? What would that look like? Could someone point me in the correct direction to get started? The application here would, in my scenario, be used for a dynamically changing spherical landscape with over 10,000,000 verticies. The use of Quad/Oct Trees is obvious for Culling & LOD as well as the benefits from not having to completely recompute the tree when the underlying data changes.

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• Switching between levels, re-initialize existing structure or create new one?

  - by Martino Wullems

  This is something I've been wondering for quite a while. When building games that exist out of multiple levels (platformers, shmups etc) what is the prefered method to switch between the levels? Let's say we have a level class that does the following: Load data for the level design (tiles), enemies, graphics etc. Setup all these elements in their appriopate locations and display them Start physics and game logic I'm stuck between the following 2 methods: 1: Throw away everything in the level class and make a new one, we have to load an entirely new level anyway! 2: pause the game logic and physics, unload all currents assets, then re-initialize those components with the level data for the new level. They both have their pros and cons. Method 1 is alot easier and seems to make sense since we have to redo everything anyway. But method 2 allows you to re-use exisiting elements which might save resources and allows for a smoother transfer to the new level.

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• Generating grammatically correct MUD-style attack descriptions

  - by Extrakun

  I am currently working on a text based game, where the outcome of a combat round goes something like this %attacker% inflicts a serious wound (12 points damage) on %defender% Right now, I just swap %attacker% with the name of the attacker, and %defender% for the name of the defender. However, the description works, but don't read correctly. Since the game is just all text, I don't want to resort to generic descriptions (Such as "You use Attack on Goblin for 5 damage", which arguably solve the problem) How do I generate correct descriptions for cases where %attacker% refers to "You", the player? "You inflicts..." is wrong "Bees", or other plural? I need somehow to know I should prefix the name with a "The " If %attacker% is a generic noun, such as "Goblin", it will read weird as opposed to %attacker% being a name. Compare "Goblin inflicts..." vs. "Aldraic Swordbringer inflicts...." How does text-based games usually resolve such issues?

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• Relative cam movement and momentum on arbitrary surface

  - by user29244

  I have been working on a game for quite long, think sonic classic physics in 3D or tony hawk psx, with unity3D. However I'm stuck at the most fundamental aspect of movement. The requirement is that I need to move the character in mario 64 fashion (or sonic adventure) aka relative cam input: the camera's forward direction always point input forward the screen, left or right input point toward left or right of the screen. when input are resting, the camera direction is independent from the character direction and the camera can orbit the character when input are pressed the character rotate itself until his direction align with the direction the input is pointing at. It's super easy to do as long your movement are parallel to the global horizontal (or any world axis). However when you try to do this on arbitrary surface (think moving along complex curved surface) with the character sticking to the surface normal (basically moving on wall and ceiling freely), it seems harder. What I want is to achieve the same finesse of movement than in mario but on arbitrary angled surfaces. There is more problem (jumping and transitioning back to the real world alignment and then back on a surface while keeping momentum) but so far I didn't even take off the basics. So far I have accomplish moving along the curved surface and the relative cam input, but for some reason direction fail all the time (point number 3, the character align slowly to the input direction). Do you have an idea how to achieve that? Here is the code and some demo so far: The demo: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/24530447/flash%20build/litesonicengine/LiteSonicEngine5.html Camera code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class CameraDrive : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject targetObject; public Transform camPivot, camTarget, camRoot, relcamdirDebug; float rot = 0; //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void Start() { this.transform.position = targetObject.transform.position; this.transform.rotation = targetObject.transform.rotation; } void FixedUpdate() { //the pivot system camRoot.position = targetObject.transform.position; //input on pivot orientation rot = 0; float mouse_x = Input.GetAxisRaw( "camera_analog_X" ); // rot = rot + ( 0.1f * Time.deltaTime * mouse_x ); // wrapAngle( rot ); // //when the target object rotate, it rotate too, this should not happen UpdateOrientation(this.transform.forward,targetObject.transform.up); camRoot.transform.RotateAround(camRoot.transform.up,rot); //debug the relcam dir RelativeCamDirection() ; //this camera this.transform.position = camPivot.position; //set the camera to the pivot this.transform.LookAt( camTarget.position ); // } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public float wrapAngle ( float Degree ) { while (Degree < 0.0f) { Degree = Degree + 360.0f; } while (Degree >= 360.0f) { Degree = Degree - 360.0f; } return Degree; } private void UpdateOrientation( Vector3 forward_vector, Vector3 ground_normal ) { Vector3 projected_forward_to_normal_surface = forward_vector - ( Vector3.Dot( forward_vector, ground_normal ) ) * ground_normal; camRoot.transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation( projected_forward_to_normal_surface, ground_normal ); } float GetOffsetAngle( float targetAngle, float DestAngle ) { return ((targetAngle - DestAngle + 180)% 360) - 180; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void OnDrawGizmos() { Gizmos.DrawCube( camPivot.transform.position, new Vector3(1,1,1) ); Gizmos.DrawCube( camTarget.transform.position, new Vector3(1,5,1) ); Gizmos.DrawCube( camRoot.transform.position, new Vector3(1,1,1) ); } void OnGUI() { GUI.Label(new Rect(0,80,1000,20*10), "targetObject.transform.up : " + targetObject.transform.up.ToString()); GUI.Label(new Rect(0,100,1000,20*10), "target euler : " + targetObject.transform.eulerAngles.y.ToString()); GUI.Label(new Rect(0,100,1000,20*10), "rot : " + rot.ToString()); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void RelativeCamDirection() { float input_vertical_movement = Input.GetAxisRaw( "Vertical" ), input_horizontal_movement = Input.GetAxisRaw( "Horizontal" ); Vector3 relative_forward = Vector3.forward, relative_right = Vector3.right, relative_direction = ( relative_forward * input_vertical_movement ) + ( relative_right * input_horizontal_movement ) ; MovementController MC = targetObject.GetComponent<MovementController>(); MC.motion = relative_direction.normalized * MC.acceleration * Time.fixedDeltaTime; MC.motion = this.transform.TransformDirection( MC.motion ); //MC.transform.Rotate(Vector3.up, input_horizontal_movement * 10f * Time.fixedDeltaTime); } } Mouvement code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class MovementController : MonoBehaviour { public float deadZoneValue = 0.1f, angle, acceleration = 50.0f; public Vector3 motion ; //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void OnGUI() { GUILayout.Label( "transform.rotation : " + transform.rotation ); GUILayout.Label( "transform.position : " + transform.position ); GUILayout.Label( "angle : " + angle ); } void FixedUpdate () { Ray ground_check_ray = new Ray( gameObject.transform.position, -gameObject.transform.up ); RaycastHit raycast_result; Rigidbody rigid_body = gameObject.rigidbody; if ( Physics.Raycast( ground_check_ray, out raycast_result ) ) { Vector3 next_position; //UpdateOrientation( gameObject.transform.forward, raycast_result.normal ); UpdateOrientation( gameObject.transform.forward, raycast_result.normal ); next_position = GetNextPosition( raycast_result.point ); rigid_body.MovePosition( next_position ); } } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- private void UpdateOrientation( Vector3 forward_vector, Vector3 ground_normal ) { Vector3 projected_forward_to_normal_surface = forward_vector - ( Vector3.Dot( forward_vector, ground_normal ) ) * ground_normal; transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation( projected_forward_to_normal_surface, ground_normal ); } private Vector3 GetNextPosition( Vector3 current_ground_position ) { Vector3 next_position; // //-------------------------------------------------------------------- // angle = 0; // Vector3 dir = this.transform.InverseTransformDirection(motion); // angle = Vector3.Angle(Vector3.forward, dir);// * 1f * Time.fixedDeltaTime; // // if(angle > 0) this.transform.Rotate(0,angle,0); // //-------------------------------------------------------------------- next_position = current_ground_position + gameObject.transform.up * 0.5f + motion ; return next_position; } } Some observation: I have the correct input, I have the correct translation in the camera direction ... but whenever I attempt to slowly lerp the direction of the character in direction of the input, all I get is wild spin! Sad Also discovered that strafing to the right (immediately at the beginning without moving forward) has major singularity trapping on the equator!! I'm totally lost and crush (I have already done a much more featured version which fail at the same aspect)

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