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• Alternatives to multiple sprite batches for achieving 2D particle system depth

  - by Ergwun

  In my 2D XNA game, I render all my sprites with a single sprite batch using SpriteSortMode.BackToFront and BlendState.AlphaBlend. I'm adding a particle system based on the App Hub particles sample. Since this uses SpriteSortMode.Deferred and BlendState.Additive, I will need to have two SpriteBatch.Begin / SpriteBatch.End pairs: one for 'regular' sprites, and one for particles. In my top-down shooter, If I want to have explosions appear under planes, but above the ground, then I believe I will have to have three Begin/End pairs, first to draw everything under the explosions, then to draw the explosions, then to draw everything above the explosions. If I want to have particle effects at multiple different depths, then I'm going to need even more Begin/Endpairs. This is all easy to code, but I'm wondering if there is an alternative way to handle this?

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• Camera movement and threshold not working

  - by irish guy mcconagheh

  I have a platformer that is in progress, part of this has a camera which I only want to move when the character moves out of a certain threshold, to try to accomplish this I have the following if statement: if(((Mathf.Abs(target.transform.position.x))-(Mathf.Abs(transform.position.x)))>thres){ x = moveTo(transform.position.x, target.position.x, trackSpeed); } in unity/c#. In pseudocode it means if((absolute value of player x) - (absolute value of camera x) is greater than the threshold){ move { however this does not seem to work correctly. it appears to work for the first couple of times the threshold is reached, however the distance between the camera and the player has to increase every time for the camera to move. I do not believe the movement of the camera is the problem, however the code for it is as follows: private float moveTo(float n, float target, float accel) { if (n == target) { return n; } else { float dir = Mathf.Sign(target - n); n += accel * Time.deltaTime * dir; return (dir == Mathf.Sign(target-n))? n: target; } } }

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• Moving a Cube from a GUI texture on iOS [on hold]

  - by London2423

  I really hope someone can help me in this since I am working already two days but without any result. What I' am trying to achieve in this instance is to move a GameObject when a GUI Texture is touch on a Iphone. The GameObject to be moved is named Cube. The Cube has a Script named "Left" that supposedly when is "call it " from the GUITexture the Cube should move left. I hope is clear: I want to "activated" the script in the Game Object from the Guitexture. I try to use send message but without any joy as well so I am using GetComponent. This is the script "inside" the GUITexture using Unity and C# //script inside the gameobject cube so it can move left when call it from the GUItexture void Awake() { left = Cube.GetComponent<Left>().enable = true; } void Start() { Cube = GameObject.Find ("Cube"); } void Update () { //loop through all the touches on the screeen for(int i = 0 ; i < Input.touchCount; i++) { //execute this code for current touch (i) on the screen if(this.guiTexture.HitTest(Input.GetTouch(i).position)) { //if current hits our guiTecture, run this code if(Input.GetTouch (i).phase == TouchPhase.Began) //move the cube object Cube.GetComponent<Left> (); } if(Input.GetTouch (i).phase == TouchPhase.Ended) { return; } if(Input.GetTouch(i).phase == TouchPhase.Stationary); //if current finger is stationary run this code { Cube.GetComponent<Left> (); } } } } } This is the script inside the GameObject named "Cube" that is activated from the Gui Texture and when is activated from the GUITexture should allow the cube to move left public class Left : MonoBehaviour { // Use this for initialization void Start () { } // Update is called once per frame void OnMousedown () { transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime; } } Before write here I search all documentation, tutorial videos, forums but I still don't understand where is my mistake. May please someone help me Thanks CL

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• What's a viable way to get public properties from child objects?

  - by Raven Dreamer

  I have a GameObject (RoomOrganizer in the picture below) with a "RoomManager" script, and one or more child objects, each with a 'HasParallelagram' component attached, likeso: I've also got the following in the aforementioned "RoomManager" void Awake () { Rect tempRect; HasParallelogram tempsc; foreach (Transform child in transform) { try { tempsc = child.GetComponent<HasParallelogram>(); tempRect = tempsc.myRect; blockedZoneList.Add(new Parallelogram(tempRect)); Debug.Log(tempRect.ToString()); } catch( System.NullReferenceException) { Debug.Log("Null Reference Caught"); } } } Unfortunately, attempting to assign tempRect = tempsc.myRect causes a null pointer at run time. Am I missing some crucial step? HasParallelgram is an empty script with a public Rect set in the editor and nothing else. What's the proper way to get a child's component?

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• 2D basic map system

  - by Cyril

  i'm currently coding a 2D game in Java, and I would like to have some clues on how-to build this system : the screen is moving on a grander map, for instance, the screen represent 800*600 units on a 100K*100K map. When you command your unit to go to another position, the screen move on this map AND when you move your mouse on a side or another of the screen, you move the screen on the map. Not sure that i'm clear, but we can retrieve this system in most RTS games (warcraft/starcraft for example). I'm currently using Slick 2D. Any idea ? Thanks.

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• Strange and erratic transformations when using OpenGL VBOs to render scene

  - by janoside

  I have an existing iOS game with fairly simple scenes (all textured quads) and I'm using Apple's "Texture2D" class. I'm trying to convert this class to use VBOs since the vertices of my objects basically never change so I may as well not re-create them for every object every frame. I have the scene rendering using VBOs but the sizes and orientations of all rendered objects are strange and erratic - though locations seem generally correct. I've been toying with this code for a few days now, and I've found something odd: if I re-create all of my VBOs each frame, everything looks correct, even though I'm almost certain my vertices are not changing. Other notes I'm basing my work on this tutorial, and therefore am also using "IBOs" I create my buffers before rendering begins My buffers include vertex and texture data I'm using OpenGL ES 1.1 Fearing some strange effect of the current matrix GL state at the time of buffer creation I've also tried wrapping my buffer-setup code in a "pushMatrix-loadIdentity-popMatrix" block which (as expected) had no effect I'm aware that various articles have been published demonstrating that VBOs may not help performance, but I want to understand this problem and at least have the option to use them. I realize this is a shot in the dark, but has anyone else experienced this type of strange behavior? What might I be doing to result in this behavior? It's rather difficult for me to isolate the problem since I'm working in an existing, moderately complex project, so suggestions about how to approach the problem are also quite welcome.

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• Creating a frozen bubble clone

  - by Vaughan Hilts

  This photo illustrates the environment: http://i.imgur.com/V4wbp.png I'll shoot the cannon, it'll bounce off the wall and it's SUPPOSED to stick to the bubble. It does at pretty much every other angle. The problem is always reproduced here, when hit off the wall into those bubbles. It also exists in other cases, but I'm not sure what triggers it. What actually happens: The ball will sometimes set to the wrong cell, and my "dropping" code will detect it as a loner and drop it off the stage. *There are many implementations of "Frozen Bubble" on the web, but I can't for the life of me find a good explanation as to how the algorithm for the "Bubble Sticking" works. * I see this: http://www.wikiflashed.com/wiki/BubbleBobble https://frozenbubblexna.svn.codeplex.com/svn/FrozenBubble/ But I can't figure out the algorithims... could anyone explain possibly the general idea behind getting the balls to stick? Code in question: //Counstruct our bounding rectangle for use var nX = currentBall.x + ballvX * gameTime; var nY = currentBall.y - ballvY * gameTime; var movingRect = new BoundingRectangle(nX, nY, 32, 32); var able = false; //Iterate over the cells and draw our bubbles for (var x = 0; x < 8; x++) { for (var y = 0; y < 12; y++) { //Get the bubble at this layout var bubble = bubbleLayout[x][y]; var rowHeight = 27; //If this slot isn't empty, draw if (bubble != null) { var bx = 0, by = 0; if (y % 2 == 0) { bx = x * 32 + 270; by = y * 32 + 45; } else { bx = x * 32 + 270 + 16; by = y * 32 + 45; } //Check var targetBox = new BoundingRectangle(bx, by, 32, 32); if (targetBox.intersects(movingRect)) { able = true; } } } } cellY = Math.round((currentBall.y - 45) / 32); if (cellY % 2 == 0) cellX = Math.round((currentBall.x - 270) / 32); else cellX = Math.round((currentBall.x - 270 - 16) / 32); Any ideas are very much welcome. Things I've tried: Flooring and Ceiling values Changing the wall bounce to a lower value Slowing down the ball None of these seem to affect it. Is there something in my math I'm not getting?

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• Render graphics using Doubles in Graphics2D

  - by thedeadlybutter

  Currently, I have a JFrame for my game to render in, and I'm using Graphics2D for drawing (The games graphics are fairly simple 2D sprites). However, my delta variable is a double, and all of the Graphics 2D methods (And Grpahics) use int. I tried to type cast the delta to an int, but it just rounds down to 0. So my question is, how can I render graphics using Graphics2D in Java with coordinates that are doubles. Can I convert it to work with Graphics2D if there is no built in way? Or, is there a graphics library that can support doubles for coordinates?

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• collision detection problems - Javascript/canvas game

  - by Tom Burman

  Ok here is a more detailed version of my question. What i want to do: i simply want the have a 2d array to represent my game map. i want a player sprite and i want that sprite to be able to move around my map freely using the keyboard and also have collisions with certain tiles of my map array. i want to use very large maps so i need a viewport. What i have: I have a loop to load the tile images into an array: /Loop to load tile images into an array var mapTiles = []; for (x = 0; x <= 256; x++) { var imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image imageObj.src = "images/prototype/"+x+".jpg"; mapTiles.push(imageObj); } I have a 2d array for my game map: //Array to hold map data var board = [ [1,2,3,4,3,4,3,4,5,6,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [17,18,19,20,19,20,19,20,21,22,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [33,34,35,36,35,36,35,36,37,38,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [49,50,51,52,51,52,51,52,53,54,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1], [65,66,67,68,146,147,67,68,69,70,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1], [81,82,83,161,162,163,164,84,85,86,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1], [97,98,99,177,178,179,180,100,101,102,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1], [1,1,238,1,1,1,1,239,240,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [216,217,254,1,1,1,1,255,256,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [232,233,1,1,1,117,118,1,1,1,220,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1], [248,249,1,1,1,133,134,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,149,150,151,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1], [12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,1,1,1,1,165,166,167,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,248,249,1,1,1], [28,28,28,28,28,28,28,29,1,1,1,1,181,182,183,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [44,44,44,44,44,15,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1,119,120,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1,135,136,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,197,198,199,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,213,214,215,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,229,230,231,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,245,246,247,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,60,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] ]; I have my loop to place the correct tile sin the correct positions: //Loop to place tiles onto screen in correct position for (x = 0; x <= viewWidth; x++){ for (y = 0; y <= viewHeight; y++){ var width = 32; var height = 32; context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); } } I Have my player object : //Place player object context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); I have my viewport setup: //Set viewport pos viewX = playerX - Math.floor(0.5 * viewWidth); if (viewX < 0) viewX = 0; if (viewX+viewWidth > worldWidth) viewX = worldWidth - viewWidth; viewY = playerY - Math.floor(0.5 * viewHeight); if (viewY < 0) viewY = 0; if (viewY+viewHeight > worldHeight) viewY = worldHeight - viewHeight; I have my player movement: canvas.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { console.log(e); var key = null; switch (e.which) { case 37: // Left if (playerY > 0) playerY--; break; case 38: // Up if (playerX > 0) playerX--; break; case 39: // Right if (playerY < worldWidth) playerY++; break; case 40: // Down if (playerX < worldHeight) playerX++; break; } My Problem: I have my map loading an it looks fine, but my player position thinks it's on a different tile to what it actually is. So for instance, i know that if my player moves left 1 tile, the value of that tile should be 2, but if i print out the value it should be moving to (2), it comes up with a different value. How ive tried to solve the problem: I have tried swap X and Y values for the initialization of my player, for when my map prints. If i swap the x and y values in this part of my code: context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); The map doesnt get draw correctly at all and tiles are placed all in random positions or orientations IF i sway the x and y values for my player in this line : context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); The players movements are inversed, so up and down keys move my player left and right viceversa. My question: Where am i going wrong in my code, and how do i solve it so i have my map looking like it should and my player moving as it should as well as my player returning the correct tileID it is standing on or moving too. Thanks Again ALSO Here is a link to my whole code: prototype

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• What causes player box/world geometry glitches in old games?

  - by Alexander

  I'm looking to understand and find the terminology for what causes - or allows - players to interfere with geometry in old games. Famously, ID's Quake3 gave birth to a whole community of people breaking the physics by jumping, sliding, getting stuck and launching themselves off points in geometry. Some months ago (though I'd be darned if I can find it again!) I saw a conference held by Bungie's Vic DeLeon and a colleague in which Vic briefly discussed the issues he ran into while attempting to wrap 'collision' objects (please correct my terminology) around environment objects so that players could appear as though they were walking on organic surfaces, while not clipping through them or appear to be walking on air at certain points, due to complexities in the modeling. My aim is to compose a case study essay for University in which I can tackle this issue in games, drawing on early exploits and how techniques have changed to address such exploits and to aid in the gameplay itself. I have 3 current day example of where exploits still exist, however specifically targeting ID Software clearly shows they've massively improved their techniques between Q3 and Q4. So in summary, with your help please, I'd like to gain a slightly better understanding of this issue as a whole (its terminology mainly) so I can use terms and ask the right questions within the right contexts. In practical application, I know what it is, I know how to do it, but I don't have the benefit of level design knowledge yet and its technical widgety knick-knack terms =) Many thanks in advance AJ

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• Loading levels from .txt or .XML for XNA

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm attemptin to add multiple levels to my pong game. I'd like to simply exchange a few elements with each level, nothing crazy. Just the background texture, the color of the AI paddle (the one on the right side), and the music. It seems that the best way to go about this is by utilizing the StreamReader to read and write the files from XML. If there is a better, or more efficient alternative way then I'm all for it. In looking over the XNA Starter Platformer Kit provided by MS it seems that they've done it in this manner as well. I'm perplexed by a few things, however, namely parts within the Level class which aren't commented. /// <summary> /// Iterates over every tile in the structure file and loads its /// appearance and behavior. This method also validates that the /// file is well-formed with a player start point, exit, etc. /// </summary> /// <param name="fileStream"> /// A stream containing the tile data. /// </param> private void LoadTiles(Stream fileStream) { // Load the level and ensure all of the lines are the same length. int width; List<string> lines = new List<string>(); using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(fileStream)) { string line = reader.ReadLine(); width = line.Length; while (line != null) { lines.Add(line); if (line.Length != width) throw new Exception(String.Format("The length of line {0} is different from all preceeding lines.", lines.Count)); line = reader.ReadLine(); } } What does width = line.Length mean exactly? I mean I know how it reads the line, but what difference does it make if one line is longer than any of the others? Finally, their levels are simply text files that look like this: .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .........GGG........ .........###........ .................... ....GGG.......GGG... ....###.......###... .................... .1................X. #################### It can't be that easy..... Can it?

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• How does gluLookAt work?

  - by Chan

  From my understanding, gluLookAt( eye_x, eye_y, eye_z, center_x, center_y, center_z, up_x, up_y, up_z ); is equivalent to: glRotatef(B, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glRotatef(A, wx, wy, wz); glTranslatef(-eye_x, -eye_y, -eye_z); But when I print out the ModelView matrix, the call to glTranslatef() doesn't seem to work properly. Here is the code snippet: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; static const int Rx = 0; static const int Ry = 1; static const int Rz = 2; static const int Ux = 4; static const int Uy = 5; static const int Uz = 6; static const int Ax = 8; static const int Ay = 9; static const int Az = 10; static const int Tx = 12; static const int Ty = 13; static const int Tz = 14; void init() { glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient); } void displayModelviewMatrix(float MV[16]) { int SPACING = 12; cout << left; cout << "\tMODELVIEW MATRIX\n"; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << "R" << setw(SPACING) << "U" << setw(SPACING) << "A" << setw(SPACING) << "T" << endl; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rx] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ux] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ax] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tx] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ry] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uy] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ay] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ty] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Az] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tz] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[3] << setw(SPACING) << MV[7] << setw(SPACING) << MV[11] << setw(SPACING) << MV[15] << endl; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << endl; } void reshape(int w, int h) { float ratio = static_cast<float>(w)/h; glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 1.0, 425.0); } void draw() { float m[16]; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m); gluLookAt( 300.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glutSolidCube(100.0); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m); displayModelviewMatrix(m); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutCreateWindow("Demo"); glutReshapeFunc(reshape); glutDisplayFunc(draw); init(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } No matter what value I use for the eye vector: 300, 0, 0 or 0, 300, 0 or 0, 0, 300 the translation vector is the same, which doesn't make any sense because the order of code is in backward order so glTranslatef should run first, then the 2 rotations. Plus, the rotation matrix, is completely independent of the translation column (in the ModelView matrix), then what would cause this weird behavior? Here is the output with the eye vector is (0.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f) MODELVIEW MATRIX -------------------------------------------------- R U A T -------------------------------------------------- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -300 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------- I would expect the T column to be (0, -300, 0)! So could anyone help me explain this? The implementation of gluLookAt from http://www.mesa3d.org void GLAPIENTRY gluLookAt(GLdouble eyex, GLdouble eyey, GLdouble eyez, GLdouble centerx, GLdouble centery, GLdouble centerz, GLdouble upx, GLdouble upy, GLdouble upz) { float forward[3], side[3], up[3]; GLfloat m[4][4]; forward[0] = centerx - eyex; forward[1] = centery - eyey; forward[2] = centerz - eyez; up[0] = upx; up[1] = upy; up[2] = upz; normalize(forward); /* Side = forward x up */ cross(forward, up, side); normalize(side); /* Recompute up as: up = side x forward */ cross(side, forward, up); __gluMakeIdentityf(&m[0][0]); m[0][0] = side[0]; m[1][0] = side[1]; m[2][0] = side[2]; m[0][1] = up[0]; m[1][1] = up[1]; m[2][1] = up[2]; m[0][2] = -forward[0]; m[1][2] = -forward[1]; m[2][2] = -forward[2]; glMultMatrixf(&m[0][0]); glTranslated(-eyex, -eyey, -eyez); }

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• Elliptical orbit modeling

  - by Nathon

  I'm playing with orbits in a simple 2-d game where a ship flies around in space and is attracted to massive things. The ship's velocity is stored in a vector and acceleration is applied to it every frame as appropriate given Newton's law of universal gravitation. The point masses don't move (there's only 1 right now) so I would expect an elliptical orbit. Instead, I see this: I've tried with nearly circular orbits, and I've tried making the masses vastly different (a factor of a million) but I always get this rotated orbit. Here's some (D) code, for context: void accelerate(Vector delta) { velocity = velocity + delta; // Velocity is a member of the ship class. } // This function is called every frame with the fixed mass. It's a // method of the ship's. void fall(Well well) { // f=(m1 * m2)/(r**2) // a=f/m // Ship mass is 1, so a = f. float mass = 1; Vector delta = well.position - loc; float rSquared = delta.magSquared; float force = well.mass/rSquared; accelerate(delta * force * mass); }

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• Biome Transition in a Grid & Borderless World

  - by API-Beast

  I have a universe: a list of "Systems", each with their own center, type and radius. A small part of such a universe could look like this: Systems: Can be very close to a different system, e.g. overlap Can be inside another, much bigger system Can be very far away from any other systems Spawn system specific entities and particles inside the system radius Have some properties like background color So far so good. However, the player can fly around freely, inside and outside of systems, in real time. How do I interpolate and determine things like the background color now, depending on camera position? E.g. if you are halfway between a green and a red system you should see a background halfway between red and green, or if you are inside a lilac system near the center and at the border of a green system you should get a mostly lilac background etc.

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• How to code Time Stop or Bullet Time in a game?

  - by David Miler

  I am developing a single-player RPG platformer in XNA 4.0. I would like to add an ability that would make the time "stop" or slow down, and have only the player character move at the original speed(similar to the Time Stop spell from the Baldur's Gate series). I am not looking for an exact implementation, rather some general ideas and design-patterns. EDIT: Thanks all for the great input. I have come up with the following solution public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { GameTime newGameTime = new GameTime(gameTime.TotalGameTime, new TimeSpan(gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Ticks / DESIRED_TIME_MODIFIER)); gameTime = newGameTime; or something along these lines. This way I can set a different time for the player component and different for the rest. It certainly is not universal enough to work for a game where warping time like this would be a central element, but I hope it should work for this case. I kinda dislike the fact that it litters the main Update loop, but it certainly is the easiest way to implement it. I guess that is essentialy the same as tesselode suggested, so I'm going to give him the green tick :)

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• Smooth waypoint traversing

  - by TheBroodian

  There are a dozen ways I could word this question, but to keep my thoughts in line, I'm phrasing it in line with my problem at hand. So I'm creating a floating platform that I would like to be able to simply travel from one designated point to another, and then return back to the first, and just pass between the two in a straight line. However, just to make it a little more interesting, I want to add a few rules to the platform. I'm coding it to travel multiples of whole tile values of world data. So if the platform is not stationary, then it will travel at least one whole tile width or tile height. Within one tile length, I would like it to accelerate from a stop to a given max speed. Upon reaching one tile length's distance, I would like it to slow to a stop at given tile coordinate and then repeat the process in reverse. The first two parts aren't too difficult, essentially I'm having trouble with the third part. I would like the platform to stop exactly at a tile coordinate, but being as I'm working with acceleration, it would seem easy to simply begin applying acceleration in the opposite direction to a value storing the platform's current speed once it reaches one tile's length of distance (assuming that the tile is traveling more than one tile-length, but to keep things simple, let's just assume it is)- but then the question is what would the correct value be for acceleration to increment from to produce this effect? How would I find that value?

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• Particle effect after the bullet

  - by Siddharth

  In my game, I fire a bullet from the gun along with that I generate a particle behind the bullet so that I look like fire effect after the bullet. But my problem is that the position I got from the bullet was distance in place. So basically I want to say that the bullet speed was high for that reason I got coordinate for the particle generation was far from each other like dot dot effect. But I want continuous flow of particle behind the bullet. So please provide any guidance for my problem

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• Make pygame's frame rate faster

  - by Smashery

  By profiling my game, I see that the vast majority of the execution time of my hobby game is between the blit and the flip calls. Currently, it's only running at around 13fps. My video card is fairly decent, so my guess is that pygame is not using it. Does anyone know of any graphics/display options I need to set in pygame to make this faster? Or is this just something that I have to live with since I've chosen pygame?

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• The practical cost of swapping effects

  - by sebf

  Hello, I use XNA for my projects and on those forums I sometimes see references to the fact that swapping an effect for a mesh has a relatively high cost, which surprises me as I thought to swap an effect was simply a case of copying the replacement shader program to the GPU along with appropriate parameters. I wondered if someone could explain exactly what is costly about this process? And put, if possible, 'relatively' into context? For example say I wanted to use a short shader to help with picking, I would: Change the effect on every object, calculting a unique color to identify it and providing it to the shader. Draw all the objects to a render target in memory. Get the color from the target and use it to look up the selected object. What portion of the total time taken to complete that process would be spent swapping the shaders? My instincts would say that rendering the scene again, no matter how simple the shader, would be an order of magnitude slower than any other part of the process so why all the concern over effects?

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• ConsumeStructuredBuffer, what am I doing wrong?

  - by John

  I'm trying to implement the 3rd exercise in chapter 12 of Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 11, that is: Implement a Compute Shader to calculate the length of 64 vectors. Previous exercises ask you to do the same with typed buffers and regular structured buffers and I had no problems with them. For what I've read, [Consume|Append]StructuredBuffers are bound to the pipeline using UnorderedAccessViews (as long as they use the D3D11_BUFFER_UAV_FLAG_APPEND, and the buffers have both D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE and D3D11_BIND_UNORDERED_ACCESS bind flags). Problem is: my AppendStructuredBuffer works, since I can append data to it and retrieve it from the application to write to a results file, but the ConsumeStructuredBuffer always returns zeroed data. Data is in the buffer, since if I change the UAV to a ShaderResourceView and to a StructuredBuffer in the HLSL side it works. I don't know what I am missing: Should I initialize the ConsumeStructuredBuffer on the GPU, or can I do it when I create the buffer (as I amb currently doing). Is it OK to bind the buffer with a UAV as described above? Do I need to bind it as a ShaderResourceView somehow? Maybe I am missing some step? This is the declaration of buffers in the Compute Shader: struct Data { float3 v; }; struct Result { float l; }; ConsumeStructuredBuffer<Data> gInput; AppendStructuredBuffer<Result> gOutput; And here the creation of the buffer and UAV for input data: D3D11_BUFFER_DESC inputDesc; inputDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; inputDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Data) * mNumElements; inputDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_UNORDERED_ACCESS; inputDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; inputDesc.StructureByteStride = sizeof(Data); inputDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_BUFFER_STRUCTURED; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData; vinitData.pSysMem = &data[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&inputDesc, &vinitData, &mInputBuffer)); D3D11_UNORDERED_ACCESS_VIEW_DESC uavDesc; uavDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN; uavDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_UAV_DIMENSION_BUFFER; uavDesc.Buffer.FirstElement = 0; uavDesc.Buffer.Flags = D3D11_BUFFER_UAV_FLAG_APPEND; uavDesc.Buffer.NumElements = mNumElements; md3dDevice->CreateUnorderedAccessView(mInputBuffer, &uavDesc, &mInputUAV); Initial data is an array of Data structs, which contain a XMFLOAT3 with random data. I bind the UAV to the shader using the Effects framework: ID3DX11EffectUnorderedAccessViewVariable* Input = mFX->GetVariableByName("gInput")->AsUnorderedAccessView(); Input->SetUnorderedAccessView(uav); // uav is mInputUAV Any ideas? Thank you.

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• graphical interface when using assembly language

  - by Hellbent

  Im looking to use assembly language to make a great game, not just an average game but a really great game. I want to learn a framework to use in assembly. I know thats not possible without learning the framework in c first. So im thinking of learning sdl in c and then learn, teach myself, how to interpret the program and run it as assembly language code which shouldnt be that hard. Then i will have a window and some graphics routines to display the game while using assembly to code everything in. I need to spend some time learning sdl and then some more time learning how to code all those statements using assembly while calling c functions and knowing what registers returned calls use and what they leave etc. My question is , Is this a good way to go or is there something better to get a graphical window display using assembly language? Regards HellBent

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• How to properly do weapon cool-down reload timer in multi-player laggy environment?

  - by John Murdoch

  I want to handle weapon cool-down timers in a fair and predictable way on both client on server. Situation: Multiple clients connected to server, which is doing hit detection / physics Clients have different latency for their connections to server ranging from 50ms to 500ms. They want to shoot weapons with fairly long reload/cool-down times (assume exactly 10 seconds) It is important that they get to shoot these weapons close to the cool-down time, as if some clients manage to shoot sooner than others (either because they are "early" or the others are "late") they gain a significant advantage. I need to show time remaining for reload on player's screen Clients can have clocks which are flat-out wrong (bad timezones, etc.) What I'm currently doing to deal with latency: Client collects server side state in a history, tagged with server timestamps Client assesses his time difference with server time: behindServerTimeNs = (behindServerTimeNs + (System.nanoTime() - receivedState.getServerTimeNs())) / 2 Client renders all state received from server 200 ms behind from his current time, adjusted by what he believes his time difference with server time is (whether due to wrong clocks, or lag). If he has server states on both sides of that calculated time, he (mostly LERP) interpolates between them, if not then he (LERP) extrapolates. No other client-side prediction of movement, e.g., to make his vehicle seem more responsive is done so far, but maybe will be added later So how do I properly add weapon reload timers? My first idea would be for the server to send each player the time when his reload will be done with each world state update, the client then adjusts it for the clock difference and thus can estimate when the reload will be finished in client-time (perhaps considering also for latency that the shoot message from client to server will take as well?), and if the user mashes the "shoot" button after (or perhaps even slightly before?) that time, send the shoot event. The server would get the shoot event and consider the time shot was made as the server time when it was received. It would then discard it if it is nowhere near reload time, execute it immediately if it is past reload time, and hold it for a few physics cycles until reload is done in case if it was received a bit early. It does all seem a bit convoluted, and I'm wondering whether it will work (e.g., whether it won't be the case that players with lower ping get better reload rates), and whether there are more elegant solutions to this problem.

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• Is it legal to develop a game using D&D rules?

  - by Max

  For a while now I've been thinking about trying my hand at creating a game similar in spirit and execution to Baldur's Gate, Icewind Dale and offshoots. I'd rather not face the full bulk of work in implementing my own RPG system - I'd like to use D&D rules. Now, reading about the subject it seems there is something called "The License" which allows a company to brand a game as D&D. This license seems to be exclusive, and let's just say I don't have the money to buy it :p. Is it still legal for me to implement and release such a game? Commercially or open-source? I'm not sure exactly which edition would fit the best, but since Baldur's Gate is based of 2nd edition, could I go ahead an implement that? in short: what are the issues concerning licensing and publishing when it comes to D&D? Also: Didn't see any similar question...

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• Issues glVertexAttribPointer last 2 parameters?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Introduction Hello I will start out by explaining my setup, showing samples as I go along explaining the situation. I'm using these tools: OpenGL 3.3 GLSL 330 C++ Problem The problem is when I render the wavefront obj 3d model it gives a very weird visual glitch the model was supposed to be a square but instead its a triangluated mess with parts of the vertexes pointing in a stretched direction in massive amounts towards the bottom left side of the frustum.... Explanation: I'm using std::vectors to store my wavefront .obj model data using sscanf to get the floating point values into the structure members x,y,z and store them into the Points structure variable p; int index = IndexAssigner(1, 1); ifstream file (list[index].c_str() ); points.push_back(Point()); Point p; int face[4]; while (!file.eof() ) { char modelbuffer[10000]; file.getline(modelbuffer, 10000); switch(modelbuffer[0]) { case 'v' : sscanf(modelbuffer, "v %f %f %f", &p.x, &p.y, &p.z); points.push_back(p); break; case 'f': sscanf(modelbuffer, "f %d %d %d %d", face, face+1, face+2, face+3 ); faces.push_back(face[0]); faces.push_back(face[1]); faces.push_back(face[2]); faces.push_back(face[3]); } //Turn on FileReader aka "RENDER CODE" FileReader = true; } then I render the Points vector using the .data() member of std::vectors to the frustum. Other declarations: int numfloats = 4; float* point=reinterpret_cast<float*>(&points[0]); int num_bytes=numfloats*sizeof(float); Vector declarations: struct Point {float x, y , z; }; std::vector<int>faces; std::vector<Point>points; Render code: glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); glGenTextures(1, &ModelTexture); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, ModelTexture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,GL_RGBA, ModelSurface->w, ModelSurface->h, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ModelSurface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(points), points.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,num_bytes ,points.data()); glEnableVertexAttribArray(3); //Translation Process GLfloat TranslationMatrix[] = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; //Send Translation Matrix up to the vertex shader glUniformMatrix4fv(translation, 1, TRUE, TranslationMatrix); glDrawElements( GL_QUADS, faces.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces.data()); I tried looking at what was causing this and went through every function every parameter ,etc looked at the man pages. Then found out that it could be my glVertexAttribPointer. Here are the man pages for glVertexAttribPointer http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glVertexAttribPointer.xml The last 2 parameters is my problem How do I write those 2 last parameters do I try putting the data from Points into it?. glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,num_bytes ,points.data()); How does it work with vectors? Is it fast?* if you can not be bothered too look at the man pages here is the scripts coming from the man pages directly. Stride Specifies the byte offset between consecutive generic vertex attributes. If stride is 0, the generic vertex attributes are understood to be tightly packed in the array. The initial value is 0. Pointer Specifies a pointer to the first component of the first generic vertex attribute in the array. The initial value is 0. If you want my full source - http://ideone.com/fPfkg Thanks Again if you do read this.

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• How to export 3D models that consist of several parts (eg. turret on a tank)?

  - by Will

  What are the standard alternatives for the mechanics of attaching turrets and such to 3D models for use in-game? I don't mean the logic, but rather the graphics aspects. My naive approach is to extend the MD2-like format that I'm using (blender-exported using a script) to include a new set of properties for a mesh that: is anchored in another 'parent' mesh. The anchor is a point and normal in the parent mesh and a point and normal in the child mesh; these will always be colinear, giving the child rotation but not translation relative to the parent point. has a normal that is aligned with a 'target'. Classically this target is the enemy that is being engaged, but it might be some other vector e.g. 'the wind' (for sails and flags (and smoke, which is a particle system but the same principle applies)) or 'upwards' (e.g. so bodies of riders bend properly when riding a horse up an incline etc). that the anchor and target alignments have maximum and minimum and a speed coeff. there is game logic for multiple turrets and on a model and deciding which engages which enemy. 'primary' and 'secondary' or 'target0' ... 'targetN' or some such annotation will be there. So to illustrate, a classic tank would be made from three meshes; a main body mesh, a turret mesh that is anchored to the top of the main body so it can spin only horizontally and a barrel mesh that is anchored to the front of the turret and can only move vertically within some bounds. And there might be a forth flag mesh on top of the turret that is aligned with 'wind' where wind is a function the engine solves that merges environment's wind angle with angle the vehicle is travelling in an velocity, or something fancy. This gives each mesh one degree of freedom relative to its parent. Things with multiple degrees of freedom can be modelled by zero-vertex connecting meshes perhaps? This is where I think the approach I outlined begins to feel inelegant, yet perhaps its still a workable system? This is why I want to know how it is done in professional games ;) Are there better approaches? Are there formats that already include this information? Is this routine?

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