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• Biome Transition in a Grid & Borderless World

  - by API-Beast

  I have a universe: a list of "Systems", each with their own center, type and radius. A small part of such a universe could look like this: Systems: Can be very close to a different system, e.g. overlap Can be inside another, much bigger system Can be very far away from any other systems Spawn system specific entities and particles inside the system radius Have some properties like background color So far so good. However, the player can fly around freely, inside and outside of systems, in real time. How do I interpolate and determine things like the background color now, depending on camera position? E.g. if you are halfway between a green and a red system you should see a background halfway between red and green, or if you are inside a lilac system near the center and at the border of a green system you should get a mostly lilac background etc.

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• What's a viable way to get public properties from child objects?

  - by Raven Dreamer

  I have a GameObject (RoomOrganizer in the picture below) with a "RoomManager" script, and one or more child objects, each with a 'HasParallelagram' component attached, likeso: I've also got the following in the aforementioned "RoomManager" void Awake () { Rect tempRect; HasParallelogram tempsc; foreach (Transform child in transform) { try { tempsc = child.GetComponent<HasParallelogram>(); tempRect = tempsc.myRect; blockedZoneList.Add(new Parallelogram(tempRect)); Debug.Log(tempRect.ToString()); } catch( System.NullReferenceException) { Debug.Log("Null Reference Caught"); } } } Unfortunately, attempting to assign tempRect = tempsc.myRect causes a null pointer at run time. Am I missing some crucial step? HasParallelgram is an empty script with a public Rect set in the editor and nothing else. What's the proper way to get a child's component?

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• Simplest way to render image over top of another with another image used as mask in OpenGL?

  - by Adam Naylor

  The effect I'm looking for is to have a single large background image that is always visible (at full alpha) and then show a second image (what I call a light map or specular map) that is partially shown over the top based on a third image (which is effectively a mask). The effect is similar to this effect except instead of simply darkening or lightening the background image using the third image it needs to mask the second without effecting the first at all. The third image is the only one that moves therefore hard baking the third images alpha into the second image isn't an option. If my explanation isn't clear I'll provide visual examples when I have more time. I'd prefer not to go down a shader route as I haven't taught myself this area yet so unless I have too I'd rather try to achieve this with simple alpha blending. Happy to use a shader approach. Cheers. Additional These third images are obviously light sources being cast onto the first image showing the specular information from the second image to simulate the light 'shining' off the objects in the first image. The solution I implement will need to allow two light sources to potentially overlap so my current thoughts are that the alpha values of the two images will need to be combined (Added?) to produce a final image which masks the second image? Don't worry about things like coloured lights. For this technique the lights are all considered white.

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• How to do directional per fragment lighting in world space?

  - by user

  I am attempting to create a GLSL shader for simple, per-fragment directional light. So far, after following many tutorials, I have continually ran into the issue: my light is specified in world coordinates, however, the shader treats the light's position as being in eye space, thus, the light direction changes when I move the camera. My question is, how to I transform a directional light position such as (50, 50, 50, 0) into eye space, or, would doing things this way be the incorrect approach to the problem?

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• How to resolve concurrent ramp collisions in 2d platformer?

  - by Shaun Inman

  A bit about the physics engine: Bodies are all rectangles. Bodies are sorted at the beginning of every update loop based on the body-in-motion's horizontal and vertical velocity (to avoid sticky walls/floors). Solid bodies are resolved by testing the body-in-motion's new X with the old Y and adjusting if necessary before testing the new X with the new Y, again adjusting if necessary. Works great. Ramps (rectangles with a flag set indicating bottom-left, bottom-right, etc) are resolved by calculating the ratio of penetration along the x-axis and setting a new Y accordingly (with some checks to make sure the body-in-motion isn't attacking from the tall or flat side, in which case the ramp is treated as a normal rectangle). This also works great. Side-by-side ramps, eg. \/ and /\, work fine but things get jittery and unpredictable when a top-down ramp is directly above a bottom-up ramp, eg. < or > or when a bottom-up ramp runs right up to the ceiling/top-down ramp runs right down to the floor. I've been able to lock it down somewhat by detecting whether the body-in-motion hadFloor when also colliding with a top-down ramp or hadCeiling when also colliding with a bottom-up ramp then resolving by calculating the ratio of penetration along the y-axis and setting the new X accordingly (the opposite of the normal behavior). But as soon as the body-in-motion jumps the hasFloor flag becomes false, the first ramp resolution pushes the body into collision with the second ramp and collision resolution becomes jittery again for a few frames. I'm sure I'm making this more complicated than it needs to be. Can anyone recommend a good resource that outlines the best way to address this problem? (Please don't recommend I use something like Box2d or Chipmunk. Also, "redesign your levels" isn't an answer; the body-in-motion may at times be riding another body-in-motion, eg. a platform, that pushes it into a ramp so I'd like to be able to resolve this properly.) Thanks!

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• What is causing these visual artifacts on my OpenGL sprites?

  - by Amplify91

  What could be the cause of the defects in my characters sprite? I am using OpenGL ES 2.0. I draw my sprites in a sprite batch that uses UV coordinates from one large texture atlas. If you look around the character' edges, you'll see two noticeable problems: The invisible alpha background is not invisible, but shows a strange static-like background. There are unwanted streaks where the character nears the edge of the frame (but only in some frames of the animation, this happened to be one of them). Any idea what could be causing these? I will provide related code if asked for, but I'll try to avoid just dumping the entire project and expecting someone to look through it all. EDIT: Here's a bit of code: This is how I generate my UV coordinates: private float[] createFrameUV(int frameWidth, int frameHeight, int x, int y){ float[] uv = new float[4]; if(numberOfFrames>1){ float width = (float)frameWidth / (float)mBitmap.getWidth(); float height = (float)frameHeight / (float)mBitmap.getHeight(); float u = (float)x / (float)mBitmap.getWidth(); float v = (float)y / (float)mBitmap.getHeight(); uv[0] = u; uv[1] = v; uv[2] = u + width; uv[3] = v + height; }else{ uv[0] = 0f; uv[1] = 0f; uv[2] = 1f; uv[3] = 1f; } return uv; } These are some OpenGL settings: GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GLES20.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GLES20.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);

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• Creating a level editor event system

  - by Vaughan Hilts

  I'm designing a level editor for game, and I'm trying to create sort of an 'event' system so I can chain together things. If anyone has used RPG Maker, I'm trying to do similar to their system. Right now, I have an 'EventTemplate' class and a bunch of sub-classed 'EventNodes' which basically just contain properties of their data. Orginally, the IAction and IExecute interface performed logic but it was moved into a DLL to share between the two projects. Question: How can I abstract logic from data in this case? Is my model wrong? Isn't cast typing expensive to parse these actions all the time? Should I write a 'Processor' class to execute these all? But then these actions that can do all sorts of things need to interact with all sorts of sub-systems.

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• XNA Shader Texture Memory

  - by Alex

  I was wondering about texture optimization in XNA 4.0. Will the the contentmanager send the texturedata to the GPU directly when the texture gets loaded or do I send the texture data to the GPU when I declare a texture in my shader. If that's the case, what happens if I have 5 shaders all using the same texture, does that mean that I send 5 instances of that texture data to the gpu or am I simply telling the GPU what preloaded texture to use? Or does XNA do the heavy lifting in the background?

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• Render graphics using Doubles in Graphics2D

  - by thedeadlybutter

  Currently, I have a JFrame for my game to render in, and I'm using Graphics2D for drawing (The games graphics are fairly simple 2D sprites). However, my delta variable is a double, and all of the Graphics 2D methods (And Grpahics) use int. I tried to type cast the delta to an int, but it just rounds down to 0. So my question is, how can I render graphics using Graphics2D in Java with coordinates that are doubles. Can I convert it to work with Graphics2D if there is no built in way? Or, is there a graphics library that can support doubles for coordinates?

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• Dynamic body implementation

  - by ArturoVM

  I am writing a 2D game where one of the characters has some very particular requirements. This character is a body with no particular shape (similar to a fluid, but not so much), it has to be able to grow and shrink (as in actually growing, not just scaling), and it has to have collision detection (even if it's basic). Because of this requirements, it obviously can't be based on a sprite, so direct rendering of the shape should be the logical thing to do. I assume this is no easy task, but I just couldn't find a good physics engine that covers these requirements (or at least no tutorial on how to do it; I particularly searched for Box2D tutorials). Is there a way of doing this with Box2D, SDL, or any other physics or game engine out there? If not, what's a good place to start? I am really clueless as far as soft-body physics are concerned.

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• Tips and Tools for creating Spritesheet animations

  - by Spooks

  I am looking for a tool that I can use to create sprite sheet easily. Right now I am using Illustrator, but I can never get the center of the character in the exact position, so it looks like it is moving around(even though its always in one place), while being loop through the sprite sheet. Is there any better tools that I can be using? Also what kind of tips would you give for working with a sprite sheet? Should I create each part of the character in individual layers (left arm, right arm, body, etc.) or everything at once? any other tips would also be helpful! thank you

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• collision detection problems - Javascript/canvas game

  - by Tom Burman

  Ok here is a more detailed version of my question. What i want to do: i simply want the have a 2d array to represent my game map. i want a player sprite and i want that sprite to be able to move around my map freely using the keyboard and also have collisions with certain tiles of my map array. i want to use very large maps so i need a viewport. What i have: I have a loop to load the tile images into an array: /Loop to load tile images into an array var mapTiles = []; for (x = 0; x <= 256; x++) { var imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image imageObj.src = "images/prototype/"+x+".jpg"; mapTiles.push(imageObj); } I have a 2d array for my game map: //Array to hold map data var board = [ [1,2,3,4,3,4,3,4,5,6,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [17,18,19,20,19,20,19,20,21,22,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [33,34,35,36,35,36,35,36,37,38,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [49,50,51,52,51,52,51,52,53,54,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1], [65,66,67,68,146,147,67,68,69,70,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1], [81,82,83,161,162,163,164,84,85,86,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1], [97,98,99,177,178,179,180,100,101,102,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1], [1,1,238,1,1,1,1,239,240,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [216,217,254,1,1,1,1,255,256,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [232,233,1,1,1,117,118,1,1,1,220,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1], [248,249,1,1,1,133,134,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,149,150,151,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1], [12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,1,1,1,1,165,166,167,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,248,249,1,1,1], [28,28,28,28,28,28,28,29,1,1,1,1,181,182,183,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [44,44,44,44,44,15,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1,119,120,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1,135,136,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,197,198,199,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,213,214,215,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,229,230,231,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,245,246,247,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,60,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] ]; I have my loop to place the correct tile sin the correct positions: //Loop to place tiles onto screen in correct position for (x = 0; x <= viewWidth; x++){ for (y = 0; y <= viewHeight; y++){ var width = 32; var height = 32; context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); } } I Have my player object : //Place player object context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); I have my viewport setup: //Set viewport pos viewX = playerX - Math.floor(0.5 * viewWidth); if (viewX < 0) viewX = 0; if (viewX+viewWidth > worldWidth) viewX = worldWidth - viewWidth; viewY = playerY - Math.floor(0.5 * viewHeight); if (viewY < 0) viewY = 0; if (viewY+viewHeight > worldHeight) viewY = worldHeight - viewHeight; I have my player movement: canvas.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { console.log(e); var key = null; switch (e.which) { case 37: // Left if (playerY > 0) playerY--; break; case 38: // Up if (playerX > 0) playerX--; break; case 39: // Right if (playerY < worldWidth) playerY++; break; case 40: // Down if (playerX < worldHeight) playerX++; break; } My Problem: I have my map loading an it looks fine, but my player position thinks it's on a different tile to what it actually is. So for instance, i know that if my player moves left 1 tile, the value of that tile should be 2, but if i print out the value it should be moving to (2), it comes up with a different value. How ive tried to solve the problem: I have tried swap X and Y values for the initialization of my player, for when my map prints. If i swap the x and y values in this part of my code: context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); The map doesnt get draw correctly at all and tiles are placed all in random positions or orientations IF i sway the x and y values for my player in this line : context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); The players movements are inversed, so up and down keys move my player left and right viceversa. My question: Where am i going wrong in my code, and how do i solve it so i have my map looking like it should and my player moving as it should as well as my player returning the correct tileID it is standing on or moving too. Thanks Again ALSO Here is a link to my whole code: prototype

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• How does gluLookAt work?

  - by Chan

  From my understanding, gluLookAt( eye_x, eye_y, eye_z, center_x, center_y, center_z, up_x, up_y, up_z ); is equivalent to: glRotatef(B, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glRotatef(A, wx, wy, wz); glTranslatef(-eye_x, -eye_y, -eye_z); But when I print out the ModelView matrix, the call to glTranslatef() doesn't seem to work properly. Here is the code snippet: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <GL/glut.h> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; static const int Rx = 0; static const int Ry = 1; static const int Rz = 2; static const int Ux = 4; static const int Uy = 5; static const int Uz = 6; static const int Ax = 8; static const int Ay = 9; static const int Az = 10; static const int Tx = 12; static const int Ty = 13; static const int Tz = 14; void init() { glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient); } void displayModelviewMatrix(float MV[16]) { int SPACING = 12; cout << left; cout << "\tMODELVIEW MATRIX\n"; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << "R" << setw(SPACING) << "U" << setw(SPACING) << "A" << setw(SPACING) << "T" << endl; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rx] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ux] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ax] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tx] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ry] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uy] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ay] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Ty] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[Rz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Uz] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Az] << setw(SPACING) << MV[Tz] << endl; cout << setw(SPACING) << MV[3] << setw(SPACING) << MV[7] << setw(SPACING) << MV[11] << setw(SPACING) << MV[15] << endl; cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl; cout << endl; } void reshape(int w, int h) { float ratio = static_cast<float>(w)/h; glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 1.0, 425.0); } void draw() { float m[16]; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m); gluLookAt( 300.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glutSolidCube(100.0); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, m); displayModelviewMatrix(m); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutCreateWindow("Demo"); glutReshapeFunc(reshape); glutDisplayFunc(draw); init(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } No matter what value I use for the eye vector: 300, 0, 0 or 0, 300, 0 or 0, 0, 300 the translation vector is the same, which doesn't make any sense because the order of code is in backward order so glTranslatef should run first, then the 2 rotations. Plus, the rotation matrix, is completely independent of the translation column (in the ModelView matrix), then what would cause this weird behavior? Here is the output with the eye vector is (0.0f, 300.0f, 0.0f) MODELVIEW MATRIX -------------------------------------------------- R U A T -------------------------------------------------- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -300 0 0 0 1 -------------------------------------------------- I would expect the T column to be (0, -300, 0)! So could anyone help me explain this? The implementation of gluLookAt from http://www.mesa3d.org void GLAPIENTRY gluLookAt(GLdouble eyex, GLdouble eyey, GLdouble eyez, GLdouble centerx, GLdouble centery, GLdouble centerz, GLdouble upx, GLdouble upy, GLdouble upz) { float forward[3], side[3], up[3]; GLfloat m[4][4]; forward[0] = centerx - eyex; forward[1] = centery - eyey; forward[2] = centerz - eyez; up[0] = upx; up[1] = upy; up[2] = upz; normalize(forward); /* Side = forward x up */ cross(forward, up, side); normalize(side); /* Recompute up as: up = side x forward */ cross(side, forward, up); __gluMakeIdentityf(&m[0][0]); m[0][0] = side[0]; m[1][0] = side[1]; m[2][0] = side[2]; m[0][1] = up[0]; m[1][1] = up[1]; m[2][1] = up[2]; m[0][2] = -forward[0]; m[1][2] = -forward[1]; m[2][2] = -forward[2]; glMultMatrixf(&m[0][0]); glTranslated(-eyex, -eyey, -eyez); }

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• Collision within a poly

  - by G1i1ch

  For an html5 engine I'm making, for speed I'm using a path poly. I'm having trouble trying to find ways to get collision with the walls of the poly. To make it simple I just have a vector for the object and an array of vectors for the poly. I'm using Cartesian vectors and they're 2d. Say poly = [[550,0],[169,523],[-444,323],[-444,-323],[169,-523]], it's just a pentagon I generated. The object that will collide is object, object.pos is it's position and object.vel is it's velocity. They're both 2d vectors too. I've had some success to get it to find a collision, but it's just black box code I ripped from a c++ example. It's very obscure inside and all it does though is return true/false and doesn't return what vertices are collided or collision point, I'd really like to be able to understand this and make my own so I can have more meaningful collision. I'll tackle that later though. Again the question is just how does one find a collision to walls of a poly given you know the poly vertices and the object's position + velocity? If more info is needed please let me know. And if all anyone can do is point me to the right direction that's great.

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• Bounding volume hierarchy - linked nodes (linear model)

  - by teodron

  The scenario A chain of points: (Pi)i=0,N where Pi is linked to its direct neighbours (Pi-1 and Pi+1). The goal: perform efficient collision detection between any two, non-adjacent links: (PiPi+1) vs. (PjPj+1). The question: it's highly recommended in all works treating this subject of collision detection to use a broad phase and to implement it via a bounding volume hierarchy. For a chain made out of Pi nodes, it can look like this: I imagine the big blue sphere to contain all links, the green half of them, the reds a quarter and so on (the picture is not accurate, but it's there to help understand the question). What I do not understand is: How can such a hierarchy speed up computations between segments collision pairs if one has to update it for a deformable linear object such as a chain/wire/etc. each frame? More clearly, what is the actual principle of collision detection broad phases in this particular case/ how can it work when the actual computation of bounding spheres is in itself a time consuming task and has to be done (since the geometry changes) in each frame update? I think I am missing a key point - if we look at the picture where the chain is in a spiral pose, we see that most spheres are already contained within half of others or do intersect them.. it's odd if this is the way it should work.

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• Sanity checks vs file sizes

  - by Richard Fabian

  In your game assets do you make room for explicit sanity checks, or do you have some generally expected bounds which you assert? I've been thinking about how we compress data and thought that it's much better to have the former, and less of the latter. If your data can exceed your normal valid ranges, but if it does it's an error, then surely that implies you're not compressing the data well enough? What do you do to find out if your data is compressed as far as it can be, and what do you use to ensure your data isn't corrupted and ensure it's an official release? EDIT I'm not interested in sanity checking the file size, but instead, how you manage your sanity checks and whether you arrange the excess size caused by the opportunity to do sanity checks by using explicit extra data, or through allowing the data enough file space (data member size) to be out of valid range and thus able to be checked merely by looking at the asset in memory after loading.

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• OpenGL 2D Rasterization Sub-Pixel Translations

  - by Armin Ronacher

  I have a tile based 2D engine where the projection matrix is an orthographic view of the world without any scaling applied. Thus: one pixel texture is drawn on the screen in the same size. That all works well and looks nice but if the camera makes a sub-pixel movement small lines appear between the tiles. I can tell you in advance what does not fix the problem: GL_NEAREST texture interpolation GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE What does “fix” the problem is anchoring the camera to the nearest pixel instead of doing a sub-pixel translation. I can live with that, but the camera movement becomes jerky. Any ideas how to fix that problem without resorting to the rounding trick I do currently?

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• Camera movement and threshold not working

  - by irish guy mcconagheh

  I have a platformer that is in progress, part of this has a camera which I only want to move when the character moves out of a certain threshold, to try to accomplish this I have the following if statement: if(((Mathf.Abs(target.transform.position.x))-(Mathf.Abs(transform.position.x)))>thres){ x = moveTo(transform.position.x, target.position.x, trackSpeed); } in unity/c#. In pseudocode it means if((absolute value of player x) - (absolute value of camera x) is greater than the threshold){ move { however this does not seem to work correctly. it appears to work for the first couple of times the threshold is reached, however the distance between the camera and the player has to increase every time for the camera to move. I do not believe the movement of the camera is the problem, however the code for it is as follows: private float moveTo(float n, float target, float accel) { if (n == target) { return n; } else { float dir = Mathf.Sign(target - n); n += accel * Time.deltaTime * dir; return (dir == Mathf.Sign(target-n))? n: target; } } }

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• Moving a Cube from a GUI texture on iOS [on hold]

  - by London2423

  I really hope someone can help me in this since I am working already two days but without any result. What I' am trying to achieve in this instance is to move a GameObject when a GUI Texture is touch on a Iphone. The GameObject to be moved is named Cube. The Cube has a Script named "Left" that supposedly when is "call it " from the GUITexture the Cube should move left. I hope is clear: I want to "activated" the script in the Game Object from the Guitexture. I try to use send message but without any joy as well so I am using GetComponent. This is the script "inside" the GUITexture using Unity and C# //script inside the gameobject cube so it can move left when call it from the GUItexture void Awake() { left = Cube.GetComponent<Left>().enable = true; } void Start() { Cube = GameObject.Find ("Cube"); } void Update () { //loop through all the touches on the screeen for(int i = 0 ; i < Input.touchCount; i++) { //execute this code for current touch (i) on the screen if(this.guiTexture.HitTest(Input.GetTouch(i).position)) { //if current hits our guiTecture, run this code if(Input.GetTouch (i).phase == TouchPhase.Began) //move the cube object Cube.GetComponent<Left> (); } if(Input.GetTouch (i).phase == TouchPhase.Ended) { return; } if(Input.GetTouch(i).phase == TouchPhase.Stationary); //if current finger is stationary run this code { Cube.GetComponent<Left> (); } } } } } This is the script inside the GameObject named "Cube" that is activated from the Gui Texture and when is activated from the GUITexture should allow the cube to move left public class Left : MonoBehaviour { // Use this for initialization void Start () { } // Update is called once per frame void OnMousedown () { transform.position += Vector3.left * Time.deltaTime; } } Before write here I search all documentation, tutorial videos, forums but I still don't understand where is my mistake. May please someone help me Thanks CL

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• 2D camera perspective projection from 3D coordinates -- HOW?

  - by Jack

  I am developing a camera for a 2D game with a top-down view that has depth. It's almost a 3D camera. Basically, every object has a Z even though it is in 2D, and similarly to parallax layers their position, scale and rotation speed vary based on their Z. I guess this would be a perspective projection. But I am having trouble converting the objects' 3D coordinates into the 2D space of the screen so that everything has correct perspective and scale. I never learned matrices though I did dig the topic a bit today. I tried without using matrices thanks to this article but every attempt gave awkward results. I'm using ActionScript 3 and Flash 11+ (Starling), where the screen coordinates work like this: Left-handed coordinates system illustration I can explain further what I did if you want to help me sort out what's wrong, or you can directly tell me how you would do it properly. In case you prefer the former, read on. These are images showing the formulas I used: upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/c/8/1c89722619b756d05adb4ea38ee6f62b.png upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/4/0/d4069770c68cb8f1aa4b5cfc57e81bc3.png (Sorry new users can't post images, but both are from the wikipedia article linked above, section "Perspective projection". That's where you'll find what all variables mean, too) The long formula is greatly simplified because I believe a normal top-down 2D camera has no X/Y/Z rotation values (correct ?). Then it becomes d = a - c. Still, I can't get it to work. Maybe you could explain what numbers I should put in a(xyz), c(xyz), theta(xyz), and particularly, e(xyz) ? I don't quite get how e is different than c in my case. c.z is also an issue to me. If the Z of the camera's target object is 0, should the camera's Z be something like -600 ? ( = focal length of 600) Whatever I do, it's wrong. I only got it to work when I used arbitrary calculations that "looked" right, like most cameras with parallax layers seem to do, but that's fake! ;) If I want objects to travel between Z layers I might as well do it right. :) Thanks a lot for your help!

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• Render a 3D scene in multiple windows - extended panoramic view

  - by teodron

  Is there any resource location on how to view a 3D scene from an application or a game on multiple windows or monitors? Each window should continue drawing from where the neighbouring one left off (in the end, the result should be a mosaic of the scene). My idea is to use a camera for each window and have a reference position and orientation for a meta-camera object that is used to correctly offset the other camera. Since there are quite some elements to consider (window specs, viewport properties, position-orientation of each render camera), what is the correct way to update the individual cameras considering the position and orientation of the central, meta-camera? I currently cannot make the cameras present the scene contiguously (and I am reluctant in working out the transformations without checking whether this is the actual way of doing things).

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• Projectiles in tile mapped turn-based tactics game?

  - by Petteri Hietavirta

  I am planning to make a Laser Squad clone and I think I have most of the aspects covered. But the major headache is the projectiles shot/thrown. The easy way would be to figure out the probability of hit and just mark miss/hit. But I want to be able to have the projectile to hit something eventually (collateral damage!). Currently everything is flat 2D tile map and there would be full (wall, door) and half height (desk, chair, window) obstacles. My idea is to draw an imaginary line from the shooter to the target and add some horizontal&vertical error based on the player skills. Then I would trace the modified path until it hits something. This is basically what the original Laser Squad seems to do. Can you recommend any algorithms or other approaches for this?

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• Efficient existing rating system for multiplayer?

  - by Nikolay Kuznetsov

  I would like to add a rating for online version of a board game. In this game there are many game rooms each normally having 3-4 people. So I expect that player's rating adjustments (RA) should depends on Rating of opponents in the game room Number of players in game room and final place of a player Person gets rating increase if he plays more games and more frequently If a person leaves a game room (disconnect) before the game ends he should get punished with a high rating decrease I have found two related questions in here Developing an ELO like point system for a multiplayer gaming site Simplest most effective way to rank and measure player skill in a multi-player environment? Please, let me know what would be the most appropriate existing rating model to refer.

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• Implementing Circle Physics in Java

  - by Shijima

  I am working on a simple physics based game where 2 balls bounce off each other. I am following a tutorial, 2-Dimensional Elastic Collisions Without Trigonometry, for the collision reactions. I am using Vector2 from the LIBGDX library to handle vectors. I am a bit confused on how to implement step 6 in Java from the tutorial. Below is my current code, please note that the code strictly follows the tutorial and there are redundant pieces of code which I plan to refactor later. Note: refrences to this refer to ball 1, and ball refers to ball 2. /* * Step 1 * * Find the Normal, Unit Normal and Unit Tangential vectors */ Vector2 n = new Vector2(this.position[0] - ball.position[0], this.position[1] - ball.position[1]); Vector2 un = n.normalize(); Vector2 ut = new Vector2(-un.y, un.x); /* * Step 2 * * Create the initial (before collision) velocity vectors */ Vector2 v1 = this.velocity; Vector2 v2 = ball.velocity; /* * Step 3 * * Resolve the velocity vectors into normal and tangential components */ float v1n = un.dot(v1); float v1t = ut.dot(v1); float v2n = un.dot(v2); float v2t = ut.dot(v2); /* * Step 4 * * Find the new tangential Velocities after collision */ float v1tPrime = v1t; float v2tPrime = v2t; /* * Step 5 * * Find the new normal velocities */ float v1nPrime = v1n * (this.mass - ball.mass) + (2 * ball.mass * v2n) / (this.mass + ball.mass); float v2nPrime = v2n * (ball.mass - this.mass) + (2 * this.mass * v1n) / (this.mass + ball.mass); /* * Step 6 * * Convert the scalar normal and tangential velocities into vectors??? */

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• The practical cost of swapping effects

  - by sebf

  Hello, I use XNA for my projects and on those forums I sometimes see references to the fact that swapping an effect for a mesh has a relatively high cost, which surprises me as I thought to swap an effect was simply a case of copying the replacement shader program to the GPU along with appropriate parameters. I wondered if someone could explain exactly what is costly about this process? And put, if possible, 'relatively' into context? For example say I wanted to use a short shader to help with picking, I would: Change the effect on every object, calculting a unique color to identify it and providing it to the shader. Draw all the objects to a render target in memory. Get the color from the target and use it to look up the selected object. What portion of the total time taken to complete that process would be spent swapping the shaders? My instincts would say that rendering the scene again, no matter how simple the shader, would be an order of magnitude slower than any other part of the process so why all the concern over effects?

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