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• Explaining Git to someone new to revision control

  - by MaxMackie

  I've recently decided to jump into the whole world of revision control to work on some open source projects I have. I looked around (subversion, mercurial, git, etc) and found that Git seemed to make more sense conceptually to me. I've set everything up on my computer (opensuse) and made an account on gitorious (let me know if there is a more simple/better hosting provider). I understand Git from a conceptual point of view (work locally, commit to a local repo, others can now checkout from you, right?). But where does gitorious come into play? I commit to them as well as committing locally? Apart from conceptually, I don't quite understand HOW it works when it comes to making a local repository and running git init inside a folder and that HEAD file. Keep in mind I have never used any form of revision control ever before. So even the most basic concepts are foreign to me. As I post this, I'm also reading up and trying to figure it out myself.

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• How do you persist installed software & configurations on an Amazon EC2 instance?

  - by Richard

  I've gotten a base Debian AMI up and running and now I need to know the best way to maintain it. I've ran the updates (aptitude update/upgrade) and installed/configured my software (Apache, Ruby, etc.) but if I reboot the instance or start a new one I'll have to do all this work over again. How do you persist these types of things over a reboot? Do you build a new AMI every time you adjust some tiny piece of the system? Or is there some way to feed it a script on startup that configures it in "real-time"? I know I could go all the way with a Reductive Labs Puppet style setup but that's a bit too much for my needs right now (1-2 servers). Any best practices on this? Update: I found a bit of information on using User-Data to run scripts at instance boot time.

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• Set nginx.conf to deny all connections except to certain files or directories

  - by Ben

  I am trying to set up Nginx so that all connections to my numeric ip are denied, with the exception of a few arbitrary directories and files. So if someone goes to my IP, they are allowed to access the index.php file, and the phpmyadmin directory for example, but should they try to access any other directories, they will be denied. This is my server block from nginx.conf: server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /srv/http/nginx/$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } How would I proceed? Thanks very much!

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• Ubuntu/ Gnome : Open an application is a specific workspace

  - by bguiz

  How do tell an application to open in a specific workspace? More info: I like to have my C++ IDE in workspace 2, my Java IDE in workspace 3, and my email, browser and miscellaneous in workspace four. I also use a shell script that executes upon log in: #!/bin/bash gnome-terminal & # WS 1 netbeans-6-9-1 & # WS2 qtcreator-2-0-1 & # WS 3 firefox & # WS 4 thunderbird & # WS 4 Of course currently it all opens in the curent workspace... Is there a way for me to specify which workspace each command should start in? Thanks in advance!

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• How to run a program and get its PID in the background

  - by Ivan

  I have a Minecraft server startup script that looks like this: #!/bin/bash cd "$(dirname "$0")" exec java -Xmx4096M -Xms4096M -jar minecraft_server.jar How do I get java process's PID while being able to enter input into the Java process? if I change the exec line to exec java -Xmx4096M -Xms4096M -jar minecraft_server.jar & echo $! > pid it won't let me input any text into the Minecraft server java process.

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• Move Ubuntu to another drive

  - by Ben Dilts

  I have a laptop with an 80GB SSD and 500GB HDD. I currently have Windows installed on the SSD, and a 400GB data partition for Windows on the HDD. I set aside 100GB on the HDD to try out Ubuntu, and I'd like to make it my primary OS and switch it over to the (much) faster SSD. How could I go about getting my Ubuntu setup moved over to the SSD? I have a 120GB USB hard drive I can use if necessary for getting through it.

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• How do I find out with Ubuntu whether my computer has a SATA or PATA hard drive interface?

  - by Pieter

  Is there a tool for Ubuntu that will detect whether I have a SATA or a PATA hard drive interface, even if there's no hard drive inserted?

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• What did Emolator do with My Laptop?

  - by Garry

  I played SEGA with my KEGA.exe (Sega Emulator) and it made my right key to be malfunctioned. Befor that day, I had played it, too in my notebook with fullscreen mode, and suddenly my ACER Aspire One notebook restarted during that emulator was running and before the screen was black (boot), my screen was blue with many words but I couldn't read them, but I remember that there was a word like 000000 x 0000000 x 000000 and bla bla bla. And when I played without fullscreen mode, It didn't happened but it made my right key to be malfunctioned until when I went to Bot setup, my right key doesn't work. Do U know what is the problem of my emulator? Can U explain me for that?

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• VirtualBox management interface unreliability

  - by Arlen Cuss

  I'm using VirtualBox 3.2.8_OSE with 20 VMs running, and everything's going fine. I find that if I hammer the VBoxManage interface, all sorts of interesting things happen, usually necessitating either a restart of the VM in question, or of all VMs. For instance, if I use VBoxManage guestcontrol execute to run processes, after a few hours of using it maybe once or twice a minute on any given VM, it'll mysteriously start reporting VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED and refusing to do anything—sometimes trying to restart /usr/sbin/VBoxService on the VM itself will get it back in working order, but often it won't, and in the meantime, no data can be collected using VBoxManage. Such data includes the VM's IP, so if I hadn't recorded it earlier, I'm usually in trouble and have no option but to portscan the network for it, or kill the VM's process on the host manually and restart it. This one I haven't narrowed down yet, but it seems that even using VBoxManage guestproperty get (to retrieve a machine's IP) frequently and rapidly is enough to cause all VMs' management interfaces to die. The processes are still running fine, but VBoxManage reports them all as "powered off". In the meantime, another process somewhere in the system seems to have decided that their being powered off means they need to be powered on again, and suddenly I have 2x the number of VBoxHeadless processes running than I used to. Has anyone else seen behaviour like this? Is there any workaround? This is a serious impediment to my work, as I've had to resort to a lot of (hacky) caching of data and rate-limiting how often I call VBoxManage, just in case I accidentally bring 20 VMs to their knees.

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• How to interpret IOZone results?

  - by homer5439

  Here are the resuts of running IOZone on an ext3 filesystem on an LVM volume residing on a SAN LUN (it was ran with 5 parallel processes). "Throughput report Y-axis is type of test X-axis is number of processes" "Record size = 4 Kbytes " "Output is in Kbytes/sec" " Initial write " 81628.55 " Rewrite " 83354.72 " Read " 115595.02 " Re-read " 119306.09 " Reverse Read " 47684.20 " Stride read " 10011.09 " Random read " 16751.27 " Mixed workload " 5659.77 " Random write " 1661.85 " Pwrite " 36030.83 Now this is all nice and dandy, but my question is: how do I know whether the values are as good as they could be or there is something to tweak (and if so, what?) The actual usage I will have for that Logical Volume is to act as virtual disk for a VM.

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• Mount "Macrium Reflect" on a partition, boot from there?

  - by b e

  Can Macrium's Reflect recovery CD be mounted/used with GRUB ? If the cd can be 'put' (loaded/mounted/...) in a partition, then the only disc needed would be the actual recovery disc, which could be on an external hard drive, or even on the same machine in another partition, thus allowing on to recover using only what's on the machine itself. I have WXPpro and Xubuntu8.04 double mounted, really happy with them together, use each right now to fix problems with the other when they come up. Also have a partition for the Reflect CD, but I just can't get it to load from Grub, which would be great... Thanks for any thoughts, probably someone has already done this I know !

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• How to mount remote sambe from local host with multiple groups ?

  - by Dragos

  I am using mount.cifs to mount a remote samba share (both client and server are Ubuntu server 8.04) like this: mount.cifs //sambaserver/samba /mountpath -o credentials=/path/.credentials,uid=someuser,gid=1000 `$ cat .credentials username=user password=password I mounted a user from local system with username and password with mount.cifs but the problem is that the user is part of multiple groups on the remote system and with mount.cifs I can only specify one gid. Is there a way to specify all the gids that the remote user has ? Is there a way to: 1) Mount the remote samba with multiple groups on the local system ? 2) Browse the mount from 1) with the terminal since I want to pass some files from samba as arguments to local programs. Other solutions would be: nautilus sftp:// which runs through gvfs but the newer gnome does not write to disk the ~/.gvfs anymore so I can't browse it in terminal. An the last solution would be nfs but that means that I have to synchronize the uids and gids on the local system with the ones from the server.

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• a load balancing scenario using HAProxy and keepalived shows no performance advantage

  - by chakoshi

  Hi, I am trying to setup a load balanced web server scenario, using two HAproxy load balancers and two debian web servers following this guide http://www.howtoforge.com/setting-up-a-high-availability-load-balancer-with-haproxy-keepalived-on-debian-lenny. the setup is working but the results of simple performance benchmarking is not what I expected. I tried apache benchmark tool to send lots of requests to servers (one time directly testing one of the web servers and the other time testing through the load balancer) using the command "ab -n 1000000 -c 500 http://IP/index.html", but the test results shows better performance for the single server without load balancer. can any one tell me if I'm going wrong on some thing?

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• Webcam error (libv4lconvert) while capturing VIDEO

  - by shadyabhi

  I get the following when I capture images using my web-cam.. libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff ...(same error repeating) ... I also had issue that my camera was not getting detected in ubuntu. So, in order to run an application that uses the webcam, I have to run a command like LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so ./6dofhand Whats causing these errors?

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• Over writing output to a text file

  - by Naveen Gamage

  I'm trying to write wget command's output to a text file, but it always appends to the text file. #!/bin/sh download() { local url=$1 echo -n " " wget --progress=dot $url 2>&1 | grep --line-buffered "%" | \ sed -u -e "s,\.,,g" | awk '{printf("\b\b\b\b%4s", $2)}' echo " DONE" } file="$1" echo -n "Downloading $file:" download "$file" > file.log I tried using using > won't work, where am I doing wrong?

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• Impossible to stop raid device

  - by Traroth

  I'm trying to stop a RAID disk in order to replace it by a new one, as this one is not working properly. I'm typing mdadm --stop /dev/md1, and I'm getting an error message: mdadm: fail to stop array /dev/md1: Device or resource busy I'm getting this message even if I reboot the server, and I can't see a process that could cause this. The server is working under a Debian with a 2.6.18-4-amd64 kernel. Could you help? Edit: Mote details about what my colleague tried out. After unmounting sda1, the command mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 worked. But now, we still have an error message after mdadm --remove /dev/md1 /dev/sda5: mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sda5: Device or resource busy I still don't understand completly how the different partitions are mounted, so I suppose there is something I don't understand in the currenct situation...

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• df shows negative values for used

  - by GriffinHeart

  Hey everyone, first question around here. I have a centos 5.2 server and running df -h i get this: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 672G -551M 638G 0% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm that space wasn't even near 10% usage the last time it showed a correct value, i'm at a loss with whats going on. Thanks.

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• What's going on with traceroute?

  - by Kevin

  The following is what happens when I run traceroute from a certain location: # traceroute google.com traceroute to google.com (74.125.227.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 gateway.local.enactpc.com (10.0.0.1) 0.138 ms 0.101 ms 0.084 ms 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * * Absolutely nothing of interest... Now, originally I thought this was just a fact of the location's network set up. (I assume they block pings or something...) However, watch what happens when I use nmap to run a traceroute... # nmap -sP --traceroute google.com Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-09-25 22:18 CDT Nmap scan report for google.com (74.125.227.40) Host is up (0.034s latency). Hostname google.com resolves to 11 IPs. Only scanned 74.125.227.40 rDNS record for 74.125.227.40: dfw06s06-in-f8.1e100.net TRACEROUTE (using proto 1/icmp) HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.19 ms gateway.local.enactpc.com (10.0.0.1) 2 1.93 ms 99-20-92-1.lightspeed.austtx.sbcglobal.net (99.20.92.1) 3 25.61 ms 99-20-92-2.lightspeed.austtx.sbcglobal.net (99.20.92.2) 4 ... 6 7 23.68 ms 12.83.68.137 8 31.30 ms gar23.dlstx.ip.att.net (12.122.85.73) 9 ... 10 31.82 ms 72.14.233.65 11 32.27 ms 209.85.250.77 12 32.98 ms dfw06s06-in-f8.1e100.net (74.125.227.40) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.29 seconds When using nmap I get A LOT more results than with traceroute, why? Note, I checked, and the difference in target IP addresses is not related...

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• Apache - The name

  - by Joshua Enfield

  I am working on a migration to a newer virtualized server. The old one has Apache 2.2.4 according to the old servers phpinfo(). The new one with the most up to date has 2.2.3. How can this be assuming no trickery is involved? The old one is years old. A lot of the guides I reference use apache2 in folders names and many of the conventions. The newest version of things, as I understand it is called httpd. Did apache change the name from what it originally was? (i.e. break the web server component into its own project called httpd, I realize the original daemon was probably still called httpd)

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• Debian package with init.d without autostart

  - by viraptor

  Hi, I'm trying to create a package which contains the init.d file, but doesn't try to start the daemon right after the installation. Currently, I'm using scripts created from the dh_make template. Right after installation, dpkg wants to start the service. I'd like to stop it from doing that - the daemon will be always started / stopped manually.

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• How to reliably keep an SSH tunnel open?

  - by Peltier

  I use an SSH tunnel from work to go around various idotic firewalls (it's ok with my boss :)). The problem is, after a while the ssh connection usually hangs, and the tunnel is broken. If I could at least monitor the tunnel automatically, I could restart the tunnel when it hangs, but I haven't even figured a way of doing that. Bonus points for the one who can tell me how to prevent my ssh connection from hanging, of course!

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• Three server processes consume no more than 50% of Dual Core CPU

  - by thor

  I have three processes running on Intel Core 2 Duo CPU. From watching output of 'top' and graphs of CPU load (drawn by MRTG, data collection via SNMP) I can see that CPU load is never more than 50%, and, most of the day, when those processes are busy CPU load has a ceiling at 50 %. I mean, CPU load grows up to 50% in the morning and stays there until late evening. My first thought was that only one core was used at 100% thus giving 50% of both CPUs. But, as there are three processes running and from 'top' I see that both cores are being loaded, so this is not the case. schedtool shows that CPU affinity for those three processes is at default, 0x03, allowing them to use both cores. If I force one process to one core (schedtool -a 0x01), and two others to second (schedtool -a 0x02), cumulative usage grows beyond 50%. Why three processes seem to consume only 50% of two cores? Why forcing them to different CPUs allows usage to grow higher? Any hints? P.S. Processes in question are Counter-Strike servers.

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• Shorewall SHOW DYNAMIC command doesn't work

  - by Andrew Burns

  Setting up shorewall dynamic zones, http://shorewall.net/Dynamic.html shows the command shorewall show dynamic zone where zone is one of your zones. I can get the add and delete commands to work, but not the show dynamic command. Here is a shell session, with output from ipset list that proves that the items are indeed there. $ ipset list CPREM_br0 Name: CPREM_br0 Type: hash:ip Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536 Size in memory: 16520 References: 66 Members: 192.168.85.153 $ shorewall add br0:192.168.85.200 CPREM Host br0:192.168.85.200 added to zone CPREM $ shorewall show dynamic CPREM $ ipset list CPREM_br0 Name: CPREM_br0 Type: hash:ip Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536 Size in memory: 16536 References: 66 Members: 192.168.85.153 192.168.85.200 $ shorewall delete br0:192.168.85.200 CPREM Host br0:192.168.85.200 deleted from zone CPREM $ ipset list CPREM_br0 Name: CPREM_br0 Type: hash:ip Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536 Size in memory: 16536 References: 66 Members: 192.168.85.153 I am using the packaged version from Ubuntu 12.04 (4.4.26.1-1)

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• Problem with keyboard layout when OS X 10.6.3 -> Fedora 13

  - by user20196

  Hi, I have VMware installed on Fedora 13 (host OS) /amd 64bit. When I log to it from console VMware works good. I wanted to start remotely from OS X 10.6.3, so I installed NX client. Everything is fine with the keyboard layout if I do not use VMware. When I try to run the guest OS on VMware my keyboard is cut off completely. The host and the guest OSes are setup for "us" layout and for "generic 105 keys" keyboard.

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• mdadm - Recovering a 'split' RAID1 array

  - by Hamza

  I have two drives that used to be part of a single RAID1 volume but it appears that one of them went offline for some time, something I've noticed just now when I rebooted my system. I now seem to have two RAID volumes, as reported by: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md126 : active raid1 sdc[1] 2096116 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U] md127 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb[0] 2096116 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] unused devices: <none> Not exactly sure where to go from here. How can I merge and re-sync these volumes without data loss? Thanks.

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