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• How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

  - by Regan

  I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• Ways to increase my Ubuntu partition space

  - by Andreas Grech

  I am currently running Ubuntu and Windows 7 as dual-boot on a single HD. The problem is that when I installed Ubuntu, I didn't allocate as much space as I thought I would need and now I need 'reinstall' Ubuntu so that I can increase the amount of storage space. Now there are two ways to go about this. Either I use use gparted to increase my partition space (but I read that it's not really that safe as regards data loss) or create the new partition with more space and reinstall Ubuntu there. But if want to reinstall Ubuntu, is there a way I can somehow "save" my current Ubuntu and install that one? What I mean is that I don't want to lose my current installed packages and files that I have on this partition. Is there a way to kind of maybe 'streamline' my current Ubuntu so that I install this one on the new partition? If not, what are your opinions as regards gparted?

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• Can start-stop-daemon use environmental variables?

  - by scottburton11

  I need to daemonize a Windows app running in Wine, and create a pid in /var/run. Since it requires an X11 session to run, I need to make sure the $DISPLAY variable is set in the running user's environment. Assuming I already have a X11 session running, with a given display, here's what the start-stop-daemon line looks like in my /etc/init.d script: start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile /var/run/wine-app.pid -m -c myuser -g mygroup -k 002 --exec /home/myuser/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/wine-app.exe Unfortunately, my version of start-stop-daemon on Ubuntu 8.04 doesn't have the -e option to set environmental variables. I gather that you could simply set $DISPLAY before the command, like so: VAR1="Value" start-stop-daemon ... But it doesn't work. Since I'm using the -c {user} option to run as a specific user, I'm guessing there's an environment switch and VAR1 is lost. I've tried exporting DISPLAY from the running user's .profile and/or .bashrc but it doesn't work either. Is there another way to do this? Is this even possible? Am I overlooking something? Many thanks

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• How to determine if a file has been backed up?

  - by Console

  I try to consolidate old drives to new ones of larger capacity. Sometimes files have been renamed, but are otherwise identical. Sometimes an old directory has just a few more files in it than a newer directory with the same name. Sometimes a file has the same name but the size differs. So I often find myself asking the question: Are there any files on this old drive or directory that I haven't already copied to the new drive? I just want to know that I have the files, I don't want to try and sync stuff automatically (Syncing tools tend to just sync, creating duplicate folder structures and other problems, so I prefer to do it by hand). Basically, if an old drive has a file called "foo.bar" ten directories deep, and my new big drive has an identical file called "oldstuff.zip" in the root, I just want a "yes you have it" or "no, unique files exist". Is there a free tool, a script or a quick and easy method (Mac/Unix or Windows) to get the answer?

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• Webcam error (libv4lconvert) while capturing VIDEO

  - by shadyabhi

  I get the following when I capture images using my web-cam.. libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff ...(same error repeating) ... I also had issue that my camera was not getting detected in ubuntu. So, in order to run an application that uses the webcam, I have to run a command like LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so ./6dofhand Whats causing these errors?

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• Find words in many files

  - by ant2009

  Hello, I am looking for this struct messages_sdd_t and I need to search through a lot of *.c files to find it. However, I can't seen to find a match as I want to exclude all the words 'struct' and 'messages_sdd_t'. As I want to search on this only 'struct messages_sdd_t' The reason for this is, as struct is used many times and I keep getting pages or search results. I have been doing this without success: find . -type f -name '*.c' | xargs grep 'struct messages_sdd_t' and this find . -type f -name '*.c' | xargs egrep -w 'struct|messages_sdd_t' Many thanks for any suggestions,

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• Multiple virtual VLAN interfaces on single NIC (Debian)

  - by RayQuang

  I'm trying to setup multiple virtual interfaces with VLAN's on a single NIC. I'm running Debian Squeeze. Currently this is my /etc/netowrk/interfaces auto eth0.10 iface eth0.10 inet dhcp This gives me a working connection, however I'm not sure how to configure several like these on a single NIC so I can use multiple external IP's. I have tried aliasing the VLAN's like so: iface eth0.10:1 But that was not successful and it said failed to bring up interface. And suggestions would be greatly appreciated :)

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• Can you change the metadata version on an existing array?

  - by xenoterracide

  So I've been told that grub requires metadata version 0.90 I'm wondering if I can change my existing arrays to use that instead of the default which is 1.2. That way I don't have to go about a reinstall. If yes, how can I do it?

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• What did Emolator do with My Laptop?

  - by Garry

  I played SEGA with my KEGA.exe (Sega Emulator) and it made my right key to be malfunctioned. Befor that day, I had played it, too in my notebook with fullscreen mode, and suddenly my ACER Aspire One notebook restarted during that emulator was running and before the screen was black (boot), my screen was blue with many words but I couldn't read them, but I remember that there was a word like 000000 x 0000000 x 000000 and bla bla bla. And when I played without fullscreen mode, It didn't happened but it made my right key to be malfunctioned until when I went to Bot setup, my right key doesn't work. Do U know what is the problem of my emulator? Can U explain me for that?

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• RPM with RHEL: install 2 version of same package / different arch

  - by Nicolas Tourneur

  I think the title is pretty self explanatory :) Is it possible, under RHEL (v 5) to install 2 instances of the same packages with 32 bit support for one and 64 bits support for the other one? Obviously, the running host has a 64 bit kernel and has the compatibility libraries required. (in this case, we would need a 64 bits JDK and a 32 bits one). If yes, are there any special rpm flag to use (change of installation directory for instance)? Thanks in advance,

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• unable to decompress a *.tar.xz file

  - by neubert

  Per http://askubuntu.com/a/107976 I tried tar xf php-5.6.0RC4.tar.xz and tar -xJf php-5.6.0RC4.tar.xz and in both cases I get the following: tar (child): xz: Cannot exec: No such file or directory tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now tar: Child returned status 2 tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now Here's php-5.6.0RC4.tar.xz: http://downloads.php.net/tyrael/php-5.6.0RC4.tar.xz I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

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• How to reliably keep an SSH tunnel open?

  - by Peltier

  I use an SSH tunnel from work to go around various idotic firewalls (it's ok with my boss :)). The problem is, after a while the ssh connection usually hangs, and the tunnel is broken. If I could at least monitor the tunnel automatically, I could restart the tunnel when it hangs, but I haven't even figured a way of doing that. Bonus points for the one who can tell me how to prevent my ssh connection from hanging, of course!

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• Does a successful exit of rsync -acvvv s d guarantee identical directory trees?

  - by user259774

  I have two volumes, one xfs, and another ntfs - ntfs was empty, and xfs had 10 subitems. I needed to sync them. I initially copied a few of the subitems by dragging them over in a gui fm. Several of the direct descendants which i had dragged finished, apparently. One I stopped before it was done, and the rest I cancelled while it still appeared to be gathering information about the files. Then I ran rsync -acvvv xmp/ nmp/, where xmp and nmp are the volumes' respective mountpoints, which exited with a 0 status. find xmp -printf x | wc -c and find nmp -printf x | wc -c both return 372926. My question is: Am I guaranteed that the two drives' contents are identical?

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• kill a hung mount process

  - by John P

  I have a virtual machine drive that ran out of space, so I shutdown the VM, extended the volume using lvextend. After resizing the partition (ext3), I ran e2fsck on it, and it found and corrected errors. Unfortunately, when I ran efsck one more time, there were more errors that had to be fixed. I went through 3 rounds of e2fsck before I decided to try mounting it to clean up some space manually. I tried mounting it, but the mount process hung. I tried to "kill -9" the mount process, but that did not kill it. I killed the parent process, but that did not kill it either. Any ideas on how to kill a rogue mount process? Some evidence: ps -l 13292 F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 4 R 0 13292 1 99 85 0 - 17964 - ? 11:27 mount /dev/mapper/xen7-123p3 /tmp/p3/ lsof -p 13292 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mount 13292 root cwd DIR 9,2 4096 25264129 /root mount 13292 root rtd DIR 9,2 4096 2 / mount 13292 root txt REG 9,2 61656 2916434 /bin/mount mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 144776 31457282 /lib64/ld-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 1718232 31457284 /lib64/libc-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 23360 31457291 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 43808 31457783 /lib64/libblkid.so.1.0 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 247496 31457331 /lib64/libsepol.so.1 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 95464 31457337 /lib64/libselinux.so.1 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 154640 31457491 /lib64/libdevmapper.so.1.02 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 17936 31457472 /lib64/libuuid.so.1.2 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 56438208 12684878 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive mount 13292 root 0u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) mount 13292 root 1u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) mount 13292 root 2u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) umount -f /tmp/p3/ umount2: Invalid argument umount: /tmp/p3/: not mounted

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• How to understand cpu family/model/stepping fields in /proc/cpuinfo

  - by Victor Sorokin

  I have following in cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 15 model : 107 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5600+ stepping : 2 According to Wikipedia page there are two kinds of 5600+ -- one of 90nm technology, another of 65nm. How can I understand which one I have? There seem to be no direct correspondence between contents of cpuinfo and info on Wikipedia page. AMD site seems to use some other naming scheme for processors too. How can I map values of family, model and stepping from cpuinfo to the data available on Wikipedia/AMD?

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• Can't work with server after modifying /lib/libc.so.6

  - by Afshin

  I have a CentOS server, VPS. After running this command I can't work with server and get the same error in all actions (SSH, Login, ls and ...) The command: ln -s /lib/libc.so.1 /lib/libc.so.6 -f And the error is: /sbin/shutdown: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory I have VNC to server but because I can't login to server, that's unusable. Thanks in advance.

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• Large file copy from NFS to local disk performance drop

  - by Bernhard

  I'm trying to copy a 200GB file from an NFS mount to a local disk. The local disk is an XFS filesystem on a LVM on top of a RAID 5 system (hardware RAID controler). I'm using rsync to monitor the transfer speed. At the beginning the IO speed is about 200MB/s, stable for the first 18GB. But then the performance drops by a factor of 10-20 and never recovers to the initial rate. Sometimes it reaches about 50-100MB/s but just for a few seconds and then the process seems to hang for a bit. At the same time all file-stat operations on the target filesystem are blocking for a long time (minutes). Also interrupting the copy process blocks for several minutes, a sub-sequent delete of the partly copied file takes also several minutes. Any ideas what could be causing this?

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• Mount NFS as remote user

  - by oshafran

  Hi I have debian as an NFS client. I would like to mount a remote NFS with a specific user permissions (to specify the remote user account) How can I do that? thanks

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• Sending mail results in "Sender address rejected: Domain not found"

  - by user1281413

  The setup: WHM/CPanel CentOS 5 server running Exim and Courier for mail services, and BIND for domain name services. I recently moved servers. The old server was running a HIGHLY similar configuration, and all accounts were ported via WHM. However, the server is unable to send, and sometimes receive email. Errors I am seeing (when I do get an error mail back) state: 450 4.1.8 : Sender address rejected: Domain not found Edit for clarity: this is the error response from remote mail servers. Numerous independent mail servers come back with the same error. (Email address is merely one valid example) My first instinct of course was to check the domain records. However, k-t.org appears to have a valid record (including an MX record), even after running it through domain checks on a completely different server elsewhere and online. Note that the issue appears to happen with all the domains hosted on the server, not just k-t.org I have also ensured that a PTR was created. My Googling has only lead me to people who had fairly basic DNS mistakes, but either I'm blind/dumb (possible, DNS is not my strong suite), or it's something that is a bit more archaic. I've run out of ideas, and I can't seem to find anything that could explain why servers are unable to resolve the domains. There doesn't seem to be anything missing or incorrect.

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• How to share drive space from vmware server 2 host to a guest?

  - by matnagel

  In the vmware tools in the guest there is an option to access shares from the host. What is the way to create such shares on a vmware 2 host? I did not find where in infrastructure web access. I also went through the vmware server 2 user's guide but did not see it mentioned. Can you help? This is an ubuntu 64 bit server 8.04 LTS host.

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• HELP! Free space not reclaimed after online resizing ext4 in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by TiansHUo

  My root partition was filling up, with only 500 mbs left, I wanted to resize my root partition from 20 Gb to 40Gb So I resized my partition by using these steps: Using Gparted to resize another partition to give space for the EXT4 Using fdisk, deleting the root partition (on /dev/sda2), and creating it again using the new size resize2fs /dev/sda2 Updating grub2 But now the problem is that although I can boot in my new partition and the new partition shows it is 40Gb, but the free size was still 500mb. So I booted from a LiveCD and checked with e2fsck -p /dev/sda2, it reported clean. So I added the -f flag (force check), still, the drive is full.

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• How to query a DHCP server to get the local DNS servers

  - by Dan Berlyoung

  I have a ClarkConnect (CentOS based) box running as my home router on a RR connection. I had the DNS servers set up to use Google's DNS server. I want to change them back to the local DNS servers but I can't find an obvious/easy way to get those address short of a) reconfiguring the router's network to DHCP them (would rather not interrupt everyone) or b) calling their tech support (kill me now!). Is there a command line tool/command I can use to query the DHCP server on the external NIC to see what DNS servers it would set me up with w/o munging my existing setup?

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• Conditionnal relay in postfix

  - by Florent

  I use postfix to send direct email. But, I use a relay to send email for specific senders. So I use "sender_dependent_relayhost_maps" : /etc/postfix/main.cf : relayhost = transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_relay /etc/postfix/sender_relay : [email protected] smtp.relay.com So when I send an email with sender email "[email protected]", postfix will use the relay. But... I don't want to use the relay host for some recipient. ;) I think I must use "transport_map" to catch the email before it pass through "sender_dependent_relayhost_maps" but I don't know how to do it... Thanks

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• Foremost custom file type not accepted by -t argument

  - by Channel72

  I'm trying to recover a deleted file on an ext3 file system using the foremost utility. The file I want to recover is a hpp C++ source code file. However, foremost does not automatically support the hpp file extension, so I have to add it to the config file. So, following the instructions on the man page, I add the following line to the config file: hpp n 50000 include include ASCII Then I run foremost as follows: $foremost -v -T -t hpp -i /dev/md0 -o /home/recover/ Instead of doing anything, it just displays the help message. If I change the hpp to htm or jpg, it works. So apparently foremost isn't accepting the custom file type I added into the config file. But I've looked over this dozens of times now, and I can't see what I'm doing wrong. I'm following the instructions exactly. Why doesn't foremost recognize the new file type I added to the config file?

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• How to set TV-out options under Linux of an Geforce 9600 GT video card

  - by polemon

  I'm using the TV-out connector of my Geforce 9600 GT to connect it to an old TV set. It's obviously in Composite mode, the other two cables of Component video are dead, only Pb/VIDEO labeled one gives me a signal. The picture appears black/white on the TV, I presume it's because the video card gives me an NTSC signal, but it's a PAL tv set. How do I change the TV-out from NTSC to PAL? My Component to SCART adapter hasn't arrived yet, but I think I should be able to set manually, whether the signal should be Composite or Component. How do I switch modes of the TV-out, between Component and Composite? I'm running Linux, so it's probably some settings I need to make in xorg.conf. Edit: I got this far: I need to set in the "Device" section of my xorg.conf: Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" Option "TVOutFormat" "COMPOSITE" The whole section looks like this now: Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce 9600 GT" Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True" Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" Option "TVOutFormat" "COMPOSITE" EndSection How can I list all available settings for "TVStandard" and "TVOutFormat"?

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