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• Does anyone know why rsync would keep sending the files over and over again?

  - by beagleguy

  I'm trying to using rsync to backup some files, about half a TB. It's now it a state where it keeps sending the same files everytime it runs. for example: rsync -av /data/source/* user@host:/data/dest sending incremental file list source/file1.txt source/file2.txt I then verify those files are copied over... then the next time it runs it does the same thing rsync -av /data/source/* user@host:/data/dest sending incremental file list source/file1.txt source/file2.txt any idea why it's getting stuck on these files? I've tried to wipe the whole dest directory out and start over but no luck. thanks,

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• How to make Xephyr to hide it's background (rootless mode like in Cygwin/X)

  - by Vi

  Cygwin/X and Xming can run in "rootless" mode that seamlessly integrates "inner" windows to the host environment. Is there similar mode for Xephyr or some equivalent program? I want Xephyred windows to be like usual windows, but without ability to lock screen or generate keystrokes or mess with other windows.

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• How do I map a network drive in Ubuntu? I want to save my Firefox downloads directly in the mapped n

  - by NJTechie

  I work in an environment wherein files are exchanged over email which are then processed into databases. In Windows, mapping a network drive and storing files directly to a folder in the network drive from Firefox/Chrome downloads is a breeze. How to achieve the same in Ubuntu? I don't see the SFTP'ed drive/directory as options in Firefox- Downloads setup. Thanks in advance!

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• How do I map a network drive in Ubuntu? I want to save my Firefox downloads directly in the mapped n

  - by NJTechie

  I work in an environment wherein files are exchanged over email which are then processed into databases. In Windows, mapping a network drive and storing files directly to a folder in the network drive from Firefox/Chrome downloads is a breeze. How to achieve the same in Ubuntu? I don't see the SFTP'ed drive/directory as options in Firefox- Downloads setup. Thanks in advance!

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• 3 simple questions about file permissions

  - by Camran

  1- Wonder, is this a good setup of permissions in the /var directory? drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-05-30 03:34 backups drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2010-05-29 17:55 cache drwxr-xr-x 29 root root 4096 2010-05-29 17:55 lib drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 2009-07-14 04:36 local drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 60 2010-06-02 03:34 lock drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 2010-06-02 03:34 log drwxrwsr-x 2 root man 4096 2009-09-20 20:36 mail drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2009-09-20 20:36 opt drwxrwxrwt 12 root root 420 2010-06-02 12:12 run drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2009-09-20 20:37 spool drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 2009-07-14 04:36 tmp drwxr-xr-x 14 user root 4096 2010-05-30 22:21 www 2- Could you give me a brief explanation of the columns above? First one is which permissions they have. Second is a nr. Third and fourth says "root root" for example. fifth is another nr (4096 for example). and the others are obvious. 3- Could you give me a brief explanation of the folders above? Especially the "lock" and "tmp" folders. Lock contains an apache2 folder which seems empty. Thanks

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• MySQL Locking Up

  - by Ian

  I've got a innodb table that gets a lot of reads and almost no writes (like, 1 write for every 400,000 reads approx). I'm running into a pretty big problem though when I do INSERT into the table. MySQL completely locks up. It uses 100% cpu, and every single other table (in other databases even) have their statuses set to "Locked" until the INSERT is done. This is a big problem because MySQL stays locked up for up to 4 minutes. I'm using version 5.1.47 (rpm from mysql.com). Any ideas?

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• Page allocation failures on iSCSI storage

  - by Dave

  We have a CentOS 6.3 iscsi server (16GB RAM) running on Infiniband bus (ipoib). When the load is high I can see multiple errors: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: tgtd: page allocation failure. order:2, mode:0x20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Pid: 3637, comm: tgtd Not tainted 2.6.32 #1 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Call Trace: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x77f/0x940 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? kmem_getpages+0x62/0x170 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? fallback_alloc+0x1ba/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? cache_grow+0x2cf/0x320 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ____cache_alloc_node+0x99/0x160 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? pskb_expand_head+0x64/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __kmalloc+0x189/0x220 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? pskb_expand_head+0x64/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x2aa/0x360 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_init_tso_segs+0x37/0x50 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x4bb/0x6f0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? neigh_connected_output+0xbd/0x100 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_finish_output+0x237/0x310 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_output+0xb8/0xc0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __ip_local_out+0x9f/0xb0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_local_out+0x25/0x30 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x190/0x420 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sock_aio_write+0x167/0x180 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x3fe/0x7b0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x1fb/0xa20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x30/0xe0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_push_pending_frames+0x33/0x40 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? do_tcp_setsockopt+0x3d6/0x480 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_setsockopt+0x2a/0x30 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sock_common_setsockopt+0x14/0x20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sys_setsockopt+0x7f/0xe0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Mem-Info: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 23 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 181 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 171 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 29 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 32 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 32 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: active_anon:1875 inactive_anon:2473 isolated_anon:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: active_file:1243637 inactive_file:2505055 isolated_file:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: unevictable:0 dirty:268338 writeback:0 unstable:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: free:86050 slab_reclaimable:132377 slab_unreclaimable:23744 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: mapped:1293 shmem:222 pagetables:720 bounce:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA free:15732kB min:124kB low:152kB high:184kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15332kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2172 16060 16060 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 free:107544kB min:18268kB low:22832kB high:27400kB active_anon:468kB inactive_anon:2364kB active_file:566208kB inactive_file:976112kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:2224900kB mlocked:0kB dirty:96816kB writeback:0kB mapped:908kB shmem:12kB slab_reclaimable:176940kB slab_unreclaimable:968kB kernel_stack:64kB pagetables:192kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 13887 13887 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal free:220924kB min:116772kB low:145964kB high:175156kB active_anon:7032kB inactive_anon:7528kB active_file:4408340kB inactive_file:9044108kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:14220800kB mlocked:0kB dirty:976536kB writeback:0kB mapped:4264kB shmem:876kB slab_reclaimable:352568kB slab_unreclaimable:94008kB kernel_stack:2048kB pagetables:2688kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA: 1*4kB 0*8kB 1*16kB 1*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 3*4096kB = 15732kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32: 16305*4kB 4381*8kB 353*16kB 8*32kB 1*64kB 1*128kB 0*256kB 1*512kB 1*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 107900kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal: 14548*4kB 14808*8kB 2420*16kB 31*32kB 5*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 1*4096kB = 220784kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 3748822 total pagecache pages Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 0 pages in swap cache Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Free swap = 975864kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Total swap = 975864kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 4194303 pages RAM Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 126915 pages reserved Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 3753534 pages shared Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 213500 pages non-shared TCP stack and VM config: net.core.rmem_max = 83886080 net.core.wmem_max = 83886080 net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 40960 1048560 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 40960 196608 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16388608 16388608 16388608 vm.min_free_kbytes=135168 Additional tweaks: /sbin/blockdev --setra 16384 /dev/sdb echo 2048 /sys/block/sdb/queue/nr_requests Where might the problem be? Thank you.

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• Multiple websites each with an SSL certificate of its own

  - by ServerDown

  Hi, We run cent os, plesk with apache and php, mysql. There are around 25 sites and each of them need an SSL certificate now. The host cannot have more than 16 IPs on the same server. Is it possible to have all these sites use just one IP address and have SSL certificate setup for each site? If yes, please let me know how I can set this up. Thanks

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• Strange sound behavior

  - by caarlos0

  First of all, sorry for the tittle. English isn't my native language, and I can't find a word to describe the strange behavior I'm getting here. In the most simple explanation, is like sound keeps going down and up again... Think in a kid with that old radios that have a circled volume button. Think like these kid keeps "turning" the volume button. That is the behavior I'm getting here. At first, I believed that it was a pulseaudio issue, but, it isn't. I followed the wiki part I think that should be my problem, but it didn't work. After that, as I'm using XFCE, I didn't really need pulseaudio, so I removed it and stays with a clean alsa, hopping that will fix my problem. Sweet mistake. It really looks like a kid looking for trouble. I believed it worked, and, suddenly, here is the same issue again. BTW: I have a full-upgraded testing system (yeah, I upgraded to testing hopping for new pulseaudio version which fix the issue), no pulseaudio at all, just xfce, started with startxfce. What can I do to fix this? It's extremely annoying... sometimes I just want to throw my laptop in the wall because of this. Any extra info you need, please, tell me. Thanks in advance -- EDIT: My alsamixer is like this: And here is a video with the sound behavior.

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• Tool to bulk speed up/convert an audio file

  - by User1

  I want to listen to certain podcasts on my phone but I have two common problems: The audio is in some weird format (some don't play on my phone). The audio is slow. I want to use something like sox or avconv to bulk convert the files. Since this is just voice and going on a cell phone, small low-quality files would be best for me. I had some good success using avconv: avconv -i weird.wma normal.ogg Unforunately, this command creates an enormous ogg file and I can't get it play faster. Ideally, this particular file would play at 170% of the original speed.

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• RTNETLINK answers: File exists... maybe because assigned a new mac adress

  - by steven

  I got a "RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth0:1" on "ifup eth0:1". I suspect it happens because i assigned a new mac adress in my VM's network adapter. Can you tell me how to fix the issue? My configuration looks like this: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.80 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 # Alias being connected to 192.168.10.x Network auto eth0:1 allow-hotplug eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.10.83 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.10 dns-nameservers 192.168.10.1 Why do I get "RTNETLINK answer: File exists.." suddenly? I worked with this configuration before without problems. All i did in the past is to renew the adapters mac adress. At the moment I am connected to the 192.168.10.x Network and if I do /etc/init.d/networking stop /etc/init.d/networking start then i got "RTNETLINK [...] falied to bring up eth0:1" but the strage thing is that i am able to connect to 192.168.10.83 via ssh from my host machine. But I cannot reach the internet from the debian client. I hope it is clear what my problem is, now. update if i change my /etc/network/interfaces like this then "ifup eth0" fails, too with the same error! # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.10.83 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.10 dns-nameservers 192.168.10.1 with verbose option enabled i got: Configuring interfache eth0=eth0 (inet) run-parts --verbose /etc/network/if-pre-up.d ip addr add 192.168.10.83/255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 dev eth0 label eth0 RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth0. same if i type this manually: ip addr add 192.168.10.83/255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 dev eth0 label eth0

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• Successful su for user by root in /var/log/auth.log

  - by grs

  I have this sorts of entries in my /var/log/auth.log: Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1521]: Successful su for user1 by root Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1654]: Successful su for user2 by root Apr 3 12:32:24 machine_name su[1772]: Successful su for user3 by root Situation: All users are real accounts in /etc/passwd; None of the users has its own crontab; All of those users are logged in the machine some time ago via SSH or No Machine - time varies from few minutes to few hours; no cron jobs are scheduled to run at that time, anacron is removed; I can see similar entries for other days and other times. The common part is the users are logged in when it appears. It does not appear during login, but some time afterwards. This machine has similar setup with few others but it is the only one where I see these entries. What causes them? Thanks

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• What would be the best way to correlate logs and events on several hosts?

  - by user220746

  I'm trying to build a log correlation system on multiple hosts. SEC seems interesting but I don't know if it will cover my needs. How could I correlate system events, logs, network events, etc. on multiple hosts at the same time, in real time? Examples: If 5 failed logins happened on host A the last minute and if firewall B has denied lots of access on differents ports on A, then we assume there is a potential attack in progress on A. If the Apache service on host A didn't receive any request for the last N minutes and Apache service on host B did, then the load balancing could be faulty.

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• How does Slackware handle security updates?

  - by Abtin Forouzandeh

  I use a distribution that uses apt for package management and am accustomed to letting apt grab a list of package changes. I generally let it install all the needed security updates. I've been considering migrating to slackware. However, it seems slackware does not have a package management system. How would I learn about new security updates? Is the only way to monitor http://www.slackware.com/security/?

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• When does `cron.daily` run?

  - by warren

  When do entries in cron.daily (and .weekly and .hourly) run, and is it configurable? I haven't found a definitive answer to this, and am hoping there is one. I'm running RHEL5 and CentOS 4, but for other distros/platforms would be great, too.

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• How to get Bash shell history range

  - by Aniti

  How can I get/filter history entries in a specific range? I have a large history file and frequently use history | grep somecommand Now, my memory is pretty bad and I also want to see what else I did around the time I entered the command. For now I do this: get match, say 4992 somecommand, then I do history | grep 49[0-9][0-9] this is usually good enough, but I would much rather do it more precisely, that is see commands from 4972 to 5012, that is 20 commands before and 20 after. I am wondering if there is an easier way? I suspect, a custom script is in order, but perhaps someone else has done something similar before.

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• Can qmail-ldap replace the validrcptto file?

  - by T. Fabre

  We are using qmail to route incoming mail to our Domino server. However, that requires us to maintain the validrcptto with the list of all allowed email addresses. Since Domino provides an LDAP directory, does qmail-ldap provide functionnality to lookup valid rcpt to addresses in the Domino directory instead of the validrcptto file, so that we wouldn't have to maintain that extra list ? We have about 150~200 users, so is setting up qmail-ldap worth the extra mile if it can verify addresses in the LDAP directory ? If anyone has experience with qmail-ldap and its setup, I'd be glad to hear from you.

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• Second network card configuration not working.

  - by Sebas

  I have 4 servers running Centos 5. All of them have two ethernet network cards. I have configured 192.168.1.x IP addresses on their eth0 card. They are all connected to the same switch using their eth0 card and they are all working. I have configured 10.72.11.x IP addresses on their eth1 card.They are all connected to the same switch - a different one from the switch used with eth0 card - using their eth1 card and they are NOT all working. Their configuration files is like: DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.72.11.236 BROADCAST=10.72.11.191 NETMASK=255.255.255.192 NETWORK=10.72.11.128 HWADDR=84:2B:2B:55:4B:98 IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes ONBOOT=yes The interfase is starting and configured as I need. [root@sql1 network-scripts]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 84:2B:2B:55:4B:97 inet addr:192.168.1.105 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::862b:2bff:fe55:4b97/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2981 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:319 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:386809 (377.7 KiB) TX bytes:66134 (64.5 KiB) Interrupt:36 Memory:da000000-da012800 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 84:2B:2B:55:4B:98 inet addr:10.72.11.236 Bcast:10.72.11.191 Mask:255.255.255.192 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Interrupt:48 Memory:dc000000-dc012800 I also added a route-eth1 file that looks like: 10.0.0.0/8 via 10.72.11.254 Routing looks fine to me: [root@sql1 network-scripts]# netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.72.11.192 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.0 10.72.11.254 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 But I cannot ping one server from the other. [root@sql1 network-scripts]# ping 10.72.11.235 PING 10.72.11.235 (10.72.11.235) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 10.72.11.235 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6033ms , pipe 3 What am I doing wrong?

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• Why does writing a file to an NFS share send a COMMIT operation to the NFS server?

  - by Antonis Christofides

  I have a Debian squeeze (2.6.32-5-amd64) which is at the same time a NFS4 server and client (it mounts itself through NFS4). The local directory that leads directly to disk is /nfs4exports/mydir, whereas /nfs4mounts/mydir is the same thing mounted through NFS, using the machine's external IP address. Here is the line from fstab: 192.168.1.75:/mydir /nfs4mounts/mydir nfs4 soft 0 0 I have an application that writes many small files. If I write directly to /nfs4exports/mydir, it writes thousands of files per second; but if I write to /nfs4mounts/mydir, it writes 4 files per second or so. I can greatly increase speed if I add async to /etc/exports. (Writing a single large file to the NFS-mounted directory goes at more than 100 MB/s.) I examine the server statistics and I see that whenever a file is written, it is "committed" (this also happens with NFSv3): root@debianvboxtest:~# mount -t nfs4 192.168.1.75:/mydir /mnt root@debianvboxtest:~# nfsstat|grep -A 2 'nfs v4 operations' Server nfs v4 operations: op0-unused op1-unused op2-future access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 10 4% 1 0% 1 0% root@debianvboxtest:~# echo 'hello' >/mnt/test1056 root@debianvboxtest:~# nfsstat|grep -A 2 'nfs v4 operations' Server nfs v4 operations: op0-unused op1-unused op2-future access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 11 4% 2 0% 2 0% Now in the RFC, I read this: The COMMIT operation is similar in operation and semantics to the POSIX fsync(2) system call that synchronizes a file's state with the disk (file data and metadata is flushed to disk or stable storage). COMMIT performs the same operation for a client, flushing any unsynchronized data and metadata on the server to the server's disk or stable storage for the specified file. I don't understand why the client commits. I don't think that the "echo" shell built-in command runs fsync; if echo wrote to a local file and then the machine went down, the file might be lost. In contrast, the NFS client appears to be sending a COMMIT upon completion of the echo. Why? I am reluctant to use the async NFS server option, because it would apparently ignore COMMIT. I feel as if I had a local filesystem and I had to choose between syncing every file upon close and ignoring fsync altogether. What have I understood wrong?

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• Primary/secondary ethernet interfaces via NetworkManager in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Josh

  I have an Ubuntu 9.10 machine with three ethernet interfaces, eth0, eth1 and eth2. eth2 is connected to a private network. eth0 and eth2 are connected to two different LANs. Either one will provide access to the internet. All three networks have DHCP servers. Using Ubuntu's the default settings (And Gnome), when I boot up all the interfaces are active and my system gets three IP addresses. However any attempt to access the internet results in connection timeouts and other weirdness. I suspect that traffic is going out on one NIC (like eth0) and coming back in on another (like eth1). I'm not sure what's going on. The only way I can access the internet at the moment is to bring two of the devices down with ifdown. How can I configure eth0 as my primary interface so all trafic goes out by default on that interface, while keeping the other two active? Also, I want to make sure Avahi broadcasts properly on all three IPs so that the computers on the LAN of eth1 can still connect to myHostname.local... EDIT: Here's my routing table: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 172.16.151.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 172.16.30.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 172.16.30.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.1.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 I want the 172.16.30.2 network to be the primary one and the 10.1.0.0 network to be the secondary one. EDIT2: My nameservers are also incorrect. It seems like Ubuntu is bringing the networks up in order, eth0, then 1, then 2, and the DHCP information from eth1 is overriding eth0, and eth2 is overriding eth1. How can I reverse this so the DHCP information from eth0 is the "master"? EDIT3: This seems to be an issue with Gnome's NetworkManager.

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• Is Joerg Schilling's "sdd" a full replacement for "dd"

  - by fishtoprecords

  I'm trying to use 'sdd' on my Debian system, and can't get one set of options to work. They do work in 'dd' so I am wondering if I am specifying them incorrectly, or if sdd didn't implement them, or something else. What I want to do is sdd if=/dev/hdh1 of=/bay5/imagebay1 bs=4096 conv=sync,noerror if I leave out the "conv=..." option, it works, or at least starts copying data. sdd if=/dev/hdh1 of=/bay5/imagebay1 bs=4096 Can you shed a bit of light?

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• My smtp server is spammed?

  - by Milos

  I have a server and the postfix client on it. Since several days, I noticed a lot of processes running there. When checked, there are a lot of emails sent. Here is an example from the mail log: Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: connect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: connect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: 525E7114012D: client=dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 525E7114012D: message-id=<B55835C9027BFA9D16CCBB556DB2F48BB82DF004000480BA-db0c3ce8aa74446411898d0d2feb3001@email.filmforthoughtinc.com> Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: from=<[email protected]>, size=10702, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: EC52711401DC: client=unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: disconnect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[8597]: EC52711401DC: message-id=<4C905D97606B436FE50C6F738DE014D9D84F2185BA815D81-1a4dbe6fc2bfcc8183f5faf901cfa15e@email.manguerasespecializadas.com> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: 525E7114012D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.55/0/0.45/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[10067]: 8B1E11140268: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: 525E7114012D: sender non-delivery notification: 8B1E11140268 Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: from=<>, size=12693, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: removed Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: from=<[email protected]>, size=10978, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: connect to aspmx.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400d:c03::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: disconnect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: 8B1E11140268: to=<[email protected]>, relay=aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26]:25, delay=0.5, delays=0.06/0/0.28/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26] said: 550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try 550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or 550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at 550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 l7si24621420qad.26 - gsmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: removed Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: EC52711401DC: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.66/0/0.44/0.12, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 414361140254: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: EC52711401DC: sender non-delivery notification: 414361140254 Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: from=<>, size=13057, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: removed Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/smtp[10002]: 414361140254: to=<[email protected]>, relay=manguerasespecializadas.com[99.198.96.210]:25, delay=2.9, delays=0.04/0/2.1/0.84, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1XJPGs-0007BE-OI) Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: removed IS my server attacked, spammed? How to check that? Thank you.

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• How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

  - by lucek

  I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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• Can I automatically add a new host to known_hosts ?

  - by gareth_bowles

  Here's my situation; I'm setting up a test harness that will, from a central client, launch a number of virtual machine instances and then execute commands on them via SSH. The virtual machines will have previously unused hostnames and IP addresses, so they won't be in the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file on the central client. The problem I'm having is that the first SSH command run against a new virtual instance always comes up with an interactive prompt: The authenticity of host '[hostname] ([IP address])' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is [key fingerprint]. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Is there a way that I can bypass this and get the new host to be already known to the client machine, maybe by using a public key that's already baked into the virtual machine image ? I'd really like to avoid having to use Expect or whatever to answer the interactive prompt if I can.

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• What's going on with my server? High load, lots of idle CPU time, low disk utilization

  - by Jonathan

  I run a web site and send a legitimate opt-in, daily email newsletter to subscribers. Both the web hosting and email sending are done by the same machine. I have about 100,000 subscribers who have opted in to my daily email newsletter. My PHP script did a pretty good job sending mail to all of them until fairly recently, but as the list has grown I can't keep up. When I run top, I have very high load--usually at least 6 or 7, sometimes as high as 15--even though I only have two CPUs. However, when I run sar, my CPU is idle an average of about 30% of the time. So, it seems I'm not CPU bound. When I run iostat, it seems as though I'm not disk bound because my %util for each device is very low (no more than 5%). Given that I don't seem to be CPU bound or disk bound, why is top reporting such high load? Additionally, since I don't seem to be CPU bound or disk bound, why is my email sending script not able to keep up? Here's what I see when running top: top - 11:33:28 up 74 days, 18:49, 2 users, load average: 7.65, 8.79, 8.28 Tasks: 168 total, 5 running, 162 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 38.9%us, 58.6%sy, 0.8%ni, 0.0%id, 0.7%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3083012k total, 2144436k used, 938576k free, 281136k buffers Swap: 2048248k total, 39164k used, 2009084k free, 1470412k cached Here's what I see when running iostat -mx: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 34.80 1.20 55.24 0.37 0.00 8.38 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rMB/s wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.19 71.70 1.59 29.45 0.02 0.07 5.90 0.55 17.82 1.16 3.59 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.10 0.00 13.80 13.72 0.00 sda2 0.05 50.45 1.13 24.57 0.01 0.29 24.25 0.35 13.43 1.15 2.97 sda3 0.05 10.17 0.20 2.33 0.01 0.05 43.75 0.05 20.96 2.45 0.62 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 70.50 70.50 0.00 sda5 0.07 0.22 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.00 32.84 0.08 856.19 8.03 0.08 sda6 0.02 5.45 0.03 0.72 0.00 0.02 67.55 0.02 26.72 5.26 0.39 sda7 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.01 38.04 0.00 8.88 5.84 0.24 sda8 0.01 3.84 0.20 1.35 0.00 0.02 28.55 0.05 31.90 4.08 0.63 Here's what I see when running sar: 09:40:02 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 09:50:01 AM all 30.59 1.01 49.80 0.23 0.00 18.37 10:00:08 AM all 31.73 0.92 51.66 0.13 0.00 15.55 10:10:06 AM all 30.43 0.99 48.94 0.26 0.00 19.38 10:20:01 AM all 29.58 1.00 47.76 0.25 0.00 21.42 10:30:01 AM all 29.37 1.02 47.30 0.18 0.00 22.13 10:40:06 AM all 32.50 1.01 52.94 0.16 0.00 13.39 10:50:01 AM all 30.49 1.00 49.59 0.15 0.00 18.77 11:00:01 AM all 29.43 0.99 47.71 0.17 0.00 21.71 11:10:07 AM all 30.26 0.93 49.48 0.83 0.00 18.50 11:20:02 AM all 29.83 0.81 48.51 1.32 0.00 19.52 11:30:06 AM all 31.18 0.88 51.33 1.15 0.00 15.47 Average: all 26.21 1.15 42.62 0.48 0.00 29.54 Here are the top handful of processes listed at the particular time I happened to run top -c: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 8180 mysql 16 0 57448 19m 2948 S 26.6 0.7 4702:26 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/ --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/bristno.pid --skip-external-locking 26956 brristno 17 0 0 0 0 Z 8.0 0.0 0:00.24 [php] <defunct> 26958 brristno 17 0 94408 43m 37m R 5.0 1.4 0:00.15 /usr/bin/php /home/brristno/public_html/dbv.php 22852 nobody 16 0 9628 2900 1524 S 0.7 0.1 0:00.17 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 8591 brristno 34 19 96896 13m 6652 S 0.3 0.4 0:29.82 /usr/local/bin/php /home/brristno/bin/mailer.php 1qwqyb6 i0gbor 24469 nobody 16 0 9628 2880 1508 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.08 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 25495 nobody 15 0 9628 2876 1500 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.06 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 26149 nobody 15 0 9628 2864 1504 S 0.3 0.1 0:00.04 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL

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