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• Block unknown users in Pidgin

  - by alfredozn

  How can I block messages from people who isn't in my buddy list in Pidgin? I always receive a lot of bothering messages from people who is not in my list, I have look at all the options in Pidgin but I didn't find where to set this condition.

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• Foremost custom file type not accepted by -t argument

  - by Channel72

  I'm trying to recover a deleted file on an ext3 file system using the foremost utility. The file I want to recover is a hpp C++ source code file. However, foremost does not automatically support the hpp file extension, so I have to add it to the config file. So, following the instructions on the man page, I add the following line to the config file: hpp n 50000 include include ASCII Then I run foremost as follows: $foremost -v -T -t hpp -i /dev/md0 -o /home/recover/ Instead of doing anything, it just displays the help message. If I change the hpp to htm or jpg, it works. So apparently foremost isn't accepting the custom file type I added into the config file. But I've looked over this dozens of times now, and I can't see what I'm doing wrong. I'm following the instructions exactly. Why doesn't foremost recognize the new file type I added to the config file?

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• My smtp server is spammed?

  - by Milos

  I have a server and the postfix client on it. Since several days, I noticed a lot of processes running there. When checked, there are a lot of emails sent. Here is an example from the mail log: Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: connect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: connect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: 525E7114012D: client=dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 525E7114012D: message-id=<B55835C9027BFA9D16CCBB556DB2F48BB82DF004000480BA-db0c3ce8aa74446411898d0d2feb3001@email.filmforthoughtinc.com> Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: from=<[email protected]>, size=10702, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: EC52711401DC: client=unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: disconnect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[8597]: EC52711401DC: message-id=<4C905D97606B436FE50C6F738DE014D9D84F2185BA815D81-1a4dbe6fc2bfcc8183f5faf901cfa15e@email.manguerasespecializadas.com> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: 525E7114012D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.55/0/0.45/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[10067]: 8B1E11140268: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: 525E7114012D: sender non-delivery notification: 8B1E11140268 Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: from=<>, size=12693, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: removed Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: from=<[email protected]>, size=10978, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: connect to aspmx.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400d:c03::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: disconnect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: 8B1E11140268: to=<[email protected]>, relay=aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26]:25, delay=0.5, delays=0.06/0/0.28/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26] said: 550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try 550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or 550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at 550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 l7si24621420qad.26 - gsmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: removed Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: EC52711401DC: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.66/0/0.44/0.12, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 414361140254: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: EC52711401DC: sender non-delivery notification: 414361140254 Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: from=<>, size=13057, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: removed Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/smtp[10002]: 414361140254: to=<[email protected]>, relay=manguerasespecializadas.com[99.198.96.210]:25, delay=2.9, delays=0.04/0/2.1/0.84, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1XJPGs-0007BE-OI) Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: removed IS my server attacked, spammed? How to check that? Thank you.

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• Add Clamd as a service to CentOS?

  - by Josh

  As I understand I think I need to add something to init.d, but I am not sure what to add. At the moment to start clamav I have to do clamd start. I would like it as a service so I can start it on run level 3 as a service. I realize I could probably do this through a shell script in the right runlevel, but I would like to be able to use chkconfig to configure it.

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• Disk monitor script with long file systems

  - by DD.

  $ df -H Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_app001-lv_root 34G 12G 21G 35% / tmpfs 8.4G 0 8.4G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 508M 54M 429M 12% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_app001-lv_home 19G 309M 17G 2% /home I want to run a disk monitor script but because the filesystem is so long the row has been split into two lines and the script fails. Any suggestions?

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• /etc/exports file not read on boot

  - by netimen

  I added some entries into my /etc/exports file. But when I boot my system, the file is not read. I check it by sudo exportfs — it returns nothing (also I can't mount the exported folders on other systems). Then I run sudo expotfs -a and then again sudo exportfs — and now all my exported folders are listed (and now I can mount the exported folders on other systems). I'm running kubuntu 9.04 with 2.6.28-11-generic kernel

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• dovecot rhel 5 installation fails because of newer libraries

  - by kayhan yüksel

  to whom it may respond to, we are trying to install dovecot (dovecot-2.2.10-1_14.el5.x86_64) on a RHEL 5.4 server and we get the error : [root@asgfkm /]# rpm -i dovecot-2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64.rpm uyarý: dovecot-2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 66534c2b: NOKEY hata: Failed dependencies: libcrypto.so.6()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libldap-2.3.so.0()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libmysqlclient.so.15()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libmysqlclient.so.15(libmysqlclient_15)(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 libssl.so.6()(64bit) is needed by dovecot-1:2.1.17-0_136.el5.x86_64 [root@asgfkm /]# but when we try to install requested libraries, it conflicts with the never libraries : uyarý: openssl-0.9.8e-27.el5_10.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY openssl-1.0.0-20.el6.x86_64 paketi zaten yüklü (openssl-0.9.8e-27.el5_10.1.x86_64 sürümünden daha yeni) this is happening with the other libraries also : libldap, libmysql, etc... Do you recommend --force option to install it or is there any other proper way around ? Thank you for your time,

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• What would be the best way to correlate logs and events on several hosts?

  - by user220746

  I'm trying to build a log correlation system on multiple hosts. SEC seems interesting but I don't know if it will cover my needs. How could I correlate system events, logs, network events, etc. on multiple hosts at the same time, in real time? Examples: If 5 failed logins happened on host A the last minute and if firewall B has denied lots of access on differents ports on A, then we assume there is a potential attack in progress on A. If the Apache service on host A didn't receive any request for the last N minutes and Apache service on host B did, then the load balancing could be faulty.

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• Can not copy files after installing windows

  - by Ali

  I am experiencing a weird problem. I was running Xubuntu on my laptop until yesterday that I had to delete Xubuntu and install Windows. I had a NTFS partition on my Xubuntu that I kept some files on it. Today after installing windows I wanted to move all the files from that partition to an external HDD. I selected all files and folders and clicked on Copy, then I went to the HDD and clicked on paste but nothing happened. I can not do that. I do not know why. I copy the files, and wherever I click paste, nothing happens. If I try to copy the files and folders one by one, I can copy some of them, but some of them do not move. The other problem I have is that I can not open some files, in particular pdf files. When I click on pdf files I get this error: There was an error opening this document. This file cannot be found. Also, I cannot play some mp4 files. I can not open some jpg and txt files. I get this error The directory name is invalid. So in summary, after removing Xubuntu and installing windows 7 I have the following problems with one of the NTFS partitions on my internal drive: Can not copy or cut all folders and files from that partition to any other partition - I also do not get any errors. Can copy some folders and files Can not access some pdf, jpeg, txt and mp4 files and get the above errors. I should also mention I did not change anything for this partition during the installation or formatting the other partitions.

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• How do I delete a folder named "-p" from bash?

  - by fmark

  How do I delete a file named -p in bash? Trying rm "-p" complains that -p is not a valid argument.

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• changing icon linnux

  - by gcc

  i want to change desktop file closer's icon how can i do and also i want to change login screen

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• How to get Bash shell history range

  - by Aniti

  How can I get/filter history entries in a specific range? I have a large history file and frequently use history | grep somecommand Now, my memory is pretty bad and I also want to see what else I did around the time I entered the command. For now I do this: get match, say 4992 somecommand, then I do history | grep 49[0-9][0-9] this is usually good enough, but I would much rather do it more precisely, that is see commands from 4972 to 5012, that is 20 commands before and 20 after. I am wondering if there is an easier way? I suspect, a custom script is in order, but perhaps someone else has done something similar before.

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• crontab: question about a special case of the dash character in the time field spec

  - by mdpc

  In the SuSE /etc/crontab the entry to run the cron.{hourly,daily,monthly,weekly} scripts is coded as: -*/15 * * * * root test -x /usr/lib/cron/run-crons && /usr/lib/cron/run-crons /dev/null 2&1 Notice that the very first character of the specification is a dash character (-), and this is NOT a typo. Can somebody explain what the time spec '-*/15' means? BTW, the stuff seems to be running fine. Thanks

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• Why does sshd give a different identification when connecting through netcat?

  - by Robbie Mckennie

  I have been attempting to create a way to ssh into a machine hiding behind a firewall. I set up my ssh client with the option Proxycommand /usr/bin/ncat -l 2000, and then I connect it to sshd with ncat <client> 2000 -c "sshd -i" on the server. It works in that I can get a shell on the server, but the server sends a different key than when I use normal ssh. So the question is, why? Is the key different when sshd is called in this unusual way?

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• Changed array composition, mdadm --detail still shows the old array size

  - by Prody

  I have a machine with 8 disks. I installed it with my hoster's install automation (it's OVH, I don't have physical access to it). The machine installed correctly, but it made an array that I wanted to change. It created a raid5 array across 5/8 disks and I've changed it to raid10 across 8 disks. I've done this by first --stopping the old array and then --creating the new array. It warned me that a previous array was there, but I chose to continue. So it created the array, spent 10ish hours syncing it and now that it's ready I get this strange behavior: When I fdisk p on it, I see the correct size. But when I mdadm --detail it I see the old array's size even tho I get the new composition and level. When I try to pvcreate on it, i get the old size again for some reason. Did I have to do something else? Did I miss something?

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• Advantages of a deployment tool over shell

  - by Jimmy

  Currently I have all of my deployment scripts in shell, which installs about 10 programs and configures them. The way I see it shell is a fantastic tool for this: Modular: Only one program per script, this way I can spread the programs across different servers Simple: Shell scripts are extremely simple and don't need any other software installed One-click: I only have to run the shell script once and everything is setup Agnostic: Most programmers can figure out shell, and don't need to know how to use a specific program. Versioning: Since my code is on github a simple git pull and restart all of supervisor will run my latest code. My question is, with all of these advantages, why is it people are constantly telling me to use a tool such as ansible or chef, and not to use shell.

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• "Can't find root filesystem / error mounting /dev/root" when booting to new kernel

  - by salparadise

  I am trying to upgrade my kernel from 2.6.18-274 to 2.6.39 for some wireless card drivers. When I boot into the new kernel I get the "Can't find root filesystem / error mounting /dev/root" googling led me to this page http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Common_kernel_problems#Can.27t_find_root_filesystem_.2F_error_mounting_.2Fdev.2Froot From what I am reading seems to be an issue with a driver for my SATA controller or HD, but I can't find what option I need to add to the kernel. Doing a diff from the old initrd to the new one gives me the following: root-> diff /tmp/kafter /tmp/kbefore 6a7,8 > lib/dm-message.ko > lib/dm-region_hash.ko 8a11 > lib/dm-raid45.ko 13d15 < lib/dm-region-hash.ko 16a19 > lib/dm-mem-cache.ko Do I need any of those? not sure if I would need dm-raid45.ko as I am not running a raid. I have the same SATA and IDE options configured for both kernels so not sure what else to look for, any help is appreciated. Additionally here is the HW info: 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FW (ICH6/ICH6W) SATA Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO]) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Unknown device 3006 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 233 I/O ports at 1818 [size=8] I/O ports at 1830 [size=4] I/O ports at 1820 [size=8] I/O ports at 1834 [size=4] I/O ports at 14f0 [size=16] Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2 root-> smartctl -a /dev/sda ... === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: WDC WD5000AADS-00S9B0

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• CHROOT for shell script testing

  - by Josh

  I am looking at setting up a shell script in order to properly document and automate the process I am using to setup a few servers we have. In order to test the shell script through its different stages I was thinking a CHROOT would be ideal, since I can wipe out the "virtual root" and create it on the fly. I have never used CHROOT before, however. I was just curious what are the exact steps I would need to follow to implement this process of creating a chroot (with the basic core functions that would be needed to install apache/php/etc.)? and then destroying it?

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• How do I perform commands in another folder, without repeating the folder path?

  - by Valter Henrique

  Is there a clever way to do copy and move operations or a command to duplicate a file, without having to do a cd, then mv after, at the same folder? For example, I have to run the following: mv /folder1/folder2/folder3/file.txt /folder1/folder2/folder3/file-2013.txt Note that the directory to where I'm moving the file is the same, but I have to put the whole path again and sometimes it gets annoying. I'm curious to know if there's another way to do that without having to put the whole path again, because the operation would be done in the same path.

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• IBM Server searching for secondary server

  - by user1241438

  I just bought the following server IBM System x3950 Server, 4 x 3.0GHz Dual Core, 32GB, 6 x 73.4GB 10K SAS RAID, 256MB BBWC, 2x Power, CD-RW/DVD When i boot it up, it says "Searching for secondary server" and hangs their for almost 10 mins. After 10 mins, it says timeout on searching chassis 2. But after this it proceed to boot the OS properly. But my frustration, i need to wait for almost 15 mins to boot everytime. How do i prevent this error message.

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• "iostat" command different in two equal machines

  - by Oz.

  We have several machines on Amazon (ec2) of the type c1.xlarge with 8 cpus, running the Amazon AMI. Details on the machine: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge One out of the several machines is showing a high load average, since we have run the last yum upgrade a couple of weeks a go. We did not yet update the other machines, and everything looks normal on them. The strange thing is that the top command not showing any hint for the cause of the load. CPUs are - 4.8%us, 1.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st. Mem is about 1.5GB free. Any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? iostat command on the proper machine: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 8.97 0.03 4.46 0.19 0.14 86.23 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 1.60 0.69 55.38 587620 47254184 xvdfp2 2.64 1.10 61.04 934786 52091056 xvdfp4 0.86 0.19 41.72 163866 35601920 xvdfp1 4.37 36.59 73.89 31220810 63051504 xvdfp3 8.03 7.08 94.63 6045402 80749184 iostat command on problematic machine: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 9.29 0.04 5.55 0.26 0.11 84.74 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 2.13 3.34 68.85 246244 5077888 xvdfp1 7.60 74.31 104.88 5480362 7734840 xvdfp3 13.22 73.67 125.00 5433386 9218600 xvdfp4 1.11 0.76 65.08 55762 4799248 xvdfp2 4.16 3.31 99.17 243818 7313264 Many thanks for the help.

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• How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

  - by Regan

  I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• Can the expect utility handle a case where the process it spawns also spawns a sub process?

  - by davidparks21

  I'm trying to use expect to handle rsync over an ssh shell, but it gets stuck. If I run my rsync command it works (simplified here): It prompts me for my password and copies files to the server: rsync -e ssh -<other_params> If I then enclose that in expect: expect -d -c "spawn rsync -e ssh -<other_params>" -c "expect password:" -c "send mypass\r" It does not execute properly, the program exists and no files are copied. Even the debug mode isn't giving many clues. My best guess is that rsync is spawning the ssh process, and the ssh process is what needs to be interacted with, but send is picking up the rsync process id and sending the input there. Any thoughts?

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• Software Raid 10 on VirtualBox?

  - by user791022

  I want to learn how to use Software Raid 10, is it possible to use VirtualBox by adding four storage images? This is my plan: 4x 100mb partitions (1 on each drive) configured as a raid 1 for /boot in ext3. Then with the remaining space on each drive, setup a software raid partition and configure it to to LVM and raid 10. In the LVM, set up a 4gb swap partition and the remaining space as the root partition ( / ) as ext3.

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• How can I copy the output from a remote command into the local clipboard?

  - by cwd

  I use iTerm2 as my terminal client in Mac OS X. On the local system I can use pbcopy and pbpaste to transfer data between the system clipboard and the terminal, but of course this doesn't work when you're ssh'ed to another machine. Is there some way which I can take the result of a command and copy it to the clipboard automatically? Perhaps an applescript to grab the text on the iTerm windows, then get the next to last line? For instance, if I wanted to copy the current working directory: I run pwd, then use the mouse to select the text, and then press command + c. Is there any better / faster / automatic way of doing this? I'm not looking for a bulletproof solution that would work for every command (eg: might not work when there is a huge scrollback) - I'm just looking for something to make this task that I do quite often a little less tedious. Update I'm looking into using screen to do this, but I'm still not sure if it is possible.

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