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• Making a game with responsive resolution

  - by alexandervrs

  I am making a game, however I wish for it to be resolution agnostic. My target resolution i.e. where things look as intended is 1600 x 900. My ideas are: Make the HUD stay fixed to the sides no matter what resolution, use different size for HUD graphics under a certain resolution and another under a certain large one. Use large HD sprites/backgrounds which are a power of 2, so they scale nicely. Use the player's native resolution. Scale the game area (not the HUD) to fit (resulting zooming in some and cropping the game area sides if necessary for widescreen, no stretch), but always fill the screen. Have a min and max resolution limit for small and very large displays where you will just change the resolution(?) or scale up/down to fit. What I am a bit confused though is what math formula I would use to scale the game area correctly based on the resolution no matter the aspect ratio, fully fit in a square screen and with some clip to the sides for widescreen. Pseudocode would help as well. :)

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• Setting Krypton Light to Screen Pixels

  - by Adam Jerrett

  So a few days back, I started playing around with Krypton XNA for 2D lighting in my game. I noticed in general, that spawning a light at (0,0) with Krypton causes the light to appear in, pretty much, the centre of the game screen. Is there any way to change this so a Krypton light's "starting point" at [0,0] would spawn at the top left of the screen, and thus follow the standard screen co-ordinates for position? I ask because currently I'm busy working on my game where my spawn point is [512,512]. With hard code, the closest I've got to the light being "central" to this point is the vector position [12,-20], which makes no sense and is impossible to craft, mathematically, if I want the light to move with the camera (the position [480,512] maps roughly to [10,-20]). So, is there any way to "normalise" the krypton lights to use standard screen co-ordinates? If you guys can, play around with the demo from the site and please see if you can find anything out about it. Documentation on the engine is rather scarce, so it's difficult to find anything relevant to my "pixel-perfect" need. It might just also be something in the code with regards to the matrices that I'm not fully understanding. Any help would be useful. Thanks.

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• Super-quick MIDI generator with nonrestrictive license?

  - by Ricket

  I'm working on my Ludum Dare entry and trying to figure out how in the world I'm ever going to get background music. I found WolframTones, but the license is too restrictive: Unless otherwise specified, this Site and content presented on this Site are for your personal and noncommercial use. You may not modify, copy, distribute, transmit, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, create derivative works from, transfer, or sell any information or content obtained from this Site. For commercial and other uses, contact us. But I really like the interface! It's a lot like sfxr - click a genre and download a song. That's so cool. Is there another program that does this same sort of thing but without a restrictive license, so that I can generate a bgm and use it in my game?

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• HLSL: Pack 4 values into 32 bit float.

  - by TheBigO

  I can't find any useful information on packing 4 values into a 32 bit float in HLSL. Ideally, what I want to be able to do in HLSL is: float4 values = ... // Some values where each component is between 0 and 1. float packedValues = pack32R(values); float4 values2 = unpack32R(packedValues); I realize that there will be precision limitations, and performance tradeoffs between different precisions in different methods. I'm just wondering what ideas are out there.

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• Are there existing FOSS component-based frameworks?

  - by Tesserex

  The component based game programming paradigm is becoming much more popular. I was wondering, are there any projects out there that offer a reusable component framework? In any language, I guess I don't care about that. It's not for my own project, I'm just curious. Specifically I mean are there projects that include a base Entity class, a base Component class, and maybe some standard components? It would then be much easier starting a game if you didn't want to reinvent the wheel, or maybe you want a GraphicsComponent that does sprites with Direct3D, but you figure it's already been done a dozen times. A quick Googling turns up Rusher. Has anyone heard of this / does anyone use it? If there are no popular ones, then why not? Is it too difficult to make something like this reusable, and they need heavy customization? In my own implementation I found a lot of boilerplate that could be shoved into a framework.

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• Creating a frozen bubble clone

  - by Vaughan Hilts

  This photo illustrates the environment: http://i.imgur.com/V4wbp.png I'll shoot the cannon, it'll bounce off the wall and it's SUPPOSED to stick to the bubble. It does at pretty much every other angle. The problem is always reproduced here, when hit off the wall into those bubbles. It also exists in other cases, but I'm not sure what triggers it. What actually happens: The ball will sometimes set to the wrong cell, and my "dropping" code will detect it as a loner and drop it off the stage. *There are many implementations of "Frozen Bubble" on the web, but I can't for the life of me find a good explanation as to how the algorithm for the "Bubble Sticking" works. * I see this: http://www.wikiflashed.com/wiki/BubbleBobble https://frozenbubblexna.svn.codeplex.com/svn/FrozenBubble/ But I can't figure out the algorithims... could anyone explain possibly the general idea behind getting the balls to stick? Code in question: //Counstruct our bounding rectangle for use var nX = currentBall.x + ballvX * gameTime; var nY = currentBall.y - ballvY * gameTime; var movingRect = new BoundingRectangle(nX, nY, 32, 32); var able = false; //Iterate over the cells and draw our bubbles for (var x = 0; x < 8; x++) { for (var y = 0; y < 12; y++) { //Get the bubble at this layout var bubble = bubbleLayout[x][y]; var rowHeight = 27; //If this slot isn't empty, draw if (bubble != null) { var bx = 0, by = 0; if (y % 2 == 0) { bx = x * 32 + 270; by = y * 32 + 45; } else { bx = x * 32 + 270 + 16; by = y * 32 + 45; } //Check var targetBox = new BoundingRectangle(bx, by, 32, 32); if (targetBox.intersects(movingRect)) { able = true; } } } } cellY = Math.round((currentBall.y - 45) / 32); if (cellY % 2 == 0) cellX = Math.round((currentBall.x - 270) / 32); else cellX = Math.round((currentBall.x - 270 - 16) / 32); Any ideas are very much welcome. Things I've tried: Flooring and Ceiling values Changing the wall bounce to a lower value Slowing down the ball None of these seem to affect it. Is there something in my math I'm not getting?

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• Getting FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 to work in DX11

  - by Dominic

  Currently I'm going through some tutorials and learning DX11 on a DX10 machine (though I just ordered a new DX11 compatible computer) by means of setting the D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_ setting to 10_0 and switching the vertex and pixel shader versions in D3DX11CompileFromFile to "vs_4_0" and "ps_4_0" respectively. This works fine as I'm not using any DX11-only features yet. I'd like to make it compatible with DX9.0c, which naively I thought I could do by changing the feature level setting to 9_3 or something and taking the vertex/pixel shader versions down to 3 or 2. However, no matter what I change the vertex/pixel shader versions to, it always fails when I try to call D3DX11CompileFromFile to compile the vertex/pixel shader files when I have D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3 enabled. Maybe this is due to the the vertex/pixel shader files themselves being incompatible for the lower vertex/pixel shader versions, but I'm not expert enough to say. My shader files are listed below: Vertex shader: cbuffer MatrixBuffer { matrix worldMatrix; matrix viewMatrix; matrix projectionMatrix; }; struct VertexInputType { float4 position : POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; PixelInputType LightVertexShader(VertexInputType input) { PixelInputType output; // Change the position vector to be 4 units for proper matrix calculations. input.position.w = 1.0f; // Calculate the position of the vertex against the world, view, and projection matrices. output.position = mul(input.position, worldMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, viewMatrix); output.position = mul(output.position, projectionMatrix); // Store the texture coordinates for the pixel shader. output.tex = input.tex; // Calculate the normal vector against the world matrix only. output.normal = mul(input.normal, (float3x3)worldMatrix); // Normalize the normal vector. output.normal = normalize(output.normal); return output; } Pixel Shader: Texture2D shaderTexture; SamplerState SampleType; cbuffer LightBuffer { float4 ambientColor; float4 diffuseColor; float3 lightDirection; float padding; }; struct PixelInputType { float4 position : SV_POSITION; float2 tex : TEXCOORD0; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; float4 LightPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : SV_TARGET { float4 textureColor; float3 lightDir; float lightIntensity; float4 color; // Sample the pixel color from the texture using the sampler at this texture coordinate location. textureColor = shaderTexture.Sample(SampleType, input.tex); // Set the default output color to the ambient light value for all pixels. color = ambientColor; // Invert the light direction for calculations. lightDir = -lightDirection; // Calculate the amount of light on this pixel. lightIntensity = saturate(dot(input.normal, lightDir)); if(lightIntensity > 0.0f) { // Determine the final diffuse color based on the diffuse color and the amount of light intensity. color += (diffuseColor * lightIntensity); } // Saturate the final light color. color = saturate(color); // Multiply the texture pixel and the final diffuse color to get the final pixel color result. color = color * textureColor; return color; }

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• Pathfinding for fleeing

  - by Philipp

  As you know there are plenty of solutions when you wand to find the best path in a 2-dimensional environment which leads from point A to point B. But how do I calculate a path when an object is at point A, and wants to get away from point B, as fast and far as possible? A bit of background information: My game uses a 2d environment which isn't tile-based but has floating point accuracy. The movement is vector-based. The pathfinding is done by partitioning the game world into rectangles which are walkable or non-walkable and building a graph out of their corners. I already have pathfinding between points working by using Dijkstras algorithm. The use-case for the fleeing algorithm is that in certain situations, actors in my game should perceive another actor as a danger and flee from it. The trivial solution would be to just move the actor in a vector in the direction which is opposite from the threat until a "safe" distance was reached or the actor reaches a wall where it then covers in fear. The problem with this approach is that actors will be blocked by small obstacles they could easily get around. As long as moving along the wall wouldn't bring them closer to the threat they could do that, but it would look smarter when they would avoid obstacles in the first place: Another problem I see is with dead ends in the map geometry. In some situations a being must choose between a path which gets it faster away now but ends in a dead end where it would be trapped, or another path which would mean that it wouldn't get that far away from the danger at first (or even a bit closer) but on the other hand would have a much greater long-term reward in that it would eventually get them much further away. So the short-term reward of getting away fast must be somehow valued against the long-term reward of getting away far. There is also another rating problem for situations where an actor should accept to move closer to a minor threat to get away from a much larger threat. But completely ignoring all minor threats would be foolish, too (that's why the actor in this graphic goes out of its way to avoid the minor threat in the upper right area): Are there any standard solutions for this problem?

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• Automatically triggering standard spaceship controls to stop its motion

  - by Garan

  I have been working on a 2D top-down space strategy/shooting game. Right now it is only in the prototyping stage (I have gotten basic movement) but now I am trying to write a function that will stop the ship based on it's velocity. This is being written in Lua, using the Love2D engine. My code is as follows (note- object.dx is the x-velocity, object.dy is the y-velocity, object.acc is the acceleration, and object.r is the rotation in radians): function stopMoving(object, dt) local targetr = math.atan2(object.dy, object.dx) if targetr == object.r + math.pi then local currentspeed = math.sqrt(object.dx*object.dx+object.dy*object.dy) if currentspeed ~= 0 then object.dx = object.dx + object.acc*dt*math.cos(object.r) object.dy = object.dy + object.acc*dt*math.sin(object.r) end else if (targetr - object.r) >= math.pi then object.r = object.r - object.turnspeed*dt else object.r = object.r + object.turnspeed*dt end end end It is implemented in the update function as: if love.keyboard.isDown("backspace") then stopMoving(player, dt) end The problem is that when I am holding down backspace, it spins the player clockwise (though I am trying to have it go the direction that would be the most efficient at getting to the angle it would have to be) and then it never starts to accelerate the player in the direction opposite to it's velocity. What should I change in this code to get that to work? EDIT : I'm not trying to just stop the player in place, I'm trying to get it to use it's normal commands to neutralize it's existing velocity. I also changed math.atan to math.atan2, apparently it's better. I noticed no difference when running it, though.

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• How to do directional per fragment lighting in world space?

  - by user

  I am attempting to create a GLSL shader for simple, per-fragment directional light. So far, after following many tutorials, I have continually ran into the issue: my light is specified in world coordinates, however, the shader treats the light's position as being in eye space, thus, the light direction changes when I move the camera. My question is, how to I transform a directional light position such as (50, 50, 50, 0) into eye space, or, would doing things this way be the incorrect approach to the problem?

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• Keeping rotation between two objects

  - by user99

  In my XNA game I have two objects that collide. When the first object collides with the other it is able to latch on to it and move it about the world. I am having a problem with the math here (Math isn't my strong point). I currently have the second object latch on to the first and move around with it, but I cannot get it to keep it's original direction. So, if the object is facing up it should keep this direction relative to how it is being rotated with the original item. Any tips on how I could best to achieve this?

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• How much server bandwidth does an average RTS game require per month?

  - by Nat Weiss

  My friend and I are going to write a multiplayer, multiplatform RTS game and are currently analyzing the costs of going with a client-server architecture. The game will have a small map with mostly characters, not buildings (think of DotA or League of Legends). The authoritative game logic will run on the server and message packet sizes will be highly optimized. We'd like to know approximately how much server bandwidth our proposed RTS game would use on a monthly basis, considering these theoretical constants: 100 concurrent users maximum 8 players maximum per game 10 ticks per second Bonus: If you can tell us approximately how much server RAM this kind of game would use that would also help a great deal. Thanks in advance.

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• How can i run my .LÖVE game directly from the lua interpreter?

  - by jonathan

  I've just started with LOVE and LUA , i'm interested in LOVE because i want to play around with something different from my dayjob(i'm a webdeveloper) and since it uses LUA and is interpreted , i though it would be a great way to try out the API. but i couldn't find how to run my .LÖVE game directly from the lua interpreter? i'm finding it bothersome to package the game each time i make a little test with the API. since i couldn't find the answer i'm asking, but maybe i'm serching for the wrong terms, if this it is a simple matter like "import the library" or set the global, i'll gladly remove my question.

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• Set a drawing viewport while using camera

  - by Mariano

  I'm working with XNA. I already have a basic world made of tiles and a camera using a transform matrix. I have a character moving around and the camera follows. What I want to do now is draw the map only on a certain part of the screen as shown on the figure below. This way I can move the map to the left of the screen and have the other fixed parts shift to the right. Do I need to modify the camera matrix? Make a new viewport?

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• Shadowmap first phase and shaders

  - by KaiserJohaan

  I am using OpenGL 3.3 and am tryin to implement shadow mapping using cube maps. I have a framebuffer with a depth attachment and a cube map texture. My question is how to design the shaders for the first pass, when creating the shadowmap. This is my vertex shader: in vec3 position; uniform mat4 lightWVP; void main() { gl_Position = lightWVP * vec4(position, 1.0); } Now, do I even need a fragment shader in this shader pass? from what I understand after reading http://www.opengl.org/wiki/Fragment_Shader, by default gl_FragCoord.z is written to the currently attached depth component (to which my cubemap texture is bound to). Thus I shouldnt even need a fragment shader for this pass and from what I understand, there is no other work to do in the fragment shader other than writing this value. Is this correct?

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• How to make my simple round sprite look right in XNA

  - by Joshua Perina

  Ok, I'm very new to graphics programming (but not new to coding). I'm trying to load a simple image in XNA which I can do fine. It is a simple round circle which I made in photoshop. The problem is the edges show up rough when I draw it on the screen even with the exact size. The anti-aliasing is missing. I'm sure I'm missing something very simple: GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Black); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(circle, new Rectangle(10, 10, 10, 10), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); Couldn't post picture because I'm a first time poster. But my smooth png circle has rough edges. So I found that if I added: spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.FrontToBack, BlendState.NonPremultiplied); I can get a smooth image when the image is the same size as the original png. But if I want to scale that image up or down then the rough edges return. How do I get XNA to smoothly resize my simple round image to a smaller size without getting the rough edges?

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• High CPU usage on Pong clone

  - by max

  I just made my first game, a clone of Pong, using OpenGL and C++. But its using ~50% of the CPU, which I guess is very high for a game like this. How can I improve that? Can you please look up my code and tell me what all things I am doing wrong? Any feedback is welcome. http://pastebin.com/L5zE3axh Also it would be extremely helpful if you give some general points on how to develop games in OpenGL efficiently.. Thanks in advance!

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• AndEngine Box2d game

  - by OneMoreVladimir

  I'm developing a 2d survival shooter using Box2d extension and I've got some questions: I have two AnalogOnScreenControls. Their listeners modify both sprites and bodies. I receive TouchEventPool was exhausted and as their number grows the game crashes accidently. I've tried to put the modification of the bodies and sprites on the UpdateThread but that does not solve the problem. What could be the cause? I have a class that at the beginnig of the game loads all the textures. After I relaunch the game activity several times I receive Unable to find Phys Addr for and "green color" interface. But that doesn't happen if I clear the memory manually through the Task Manager before relaunch What could be the cause? I unload my atlas at the end of the game. The game sometimes crashes at start with NullPointerException in onResumeGame. The solution suggested is to set android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize" but my device is API 10 so it doesn't have screenSize property and orientation only does not seem to help, because the game starts in portrait mode at times (though landscape is set in the code)

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• Adaptive Characters: AI Solution Needs a Problem

  - by Roger F. Gay

  Have sophisticated adaptive programming, will travel - so to speak. I'm part of a group that developed sophisticated learning / adaptive software for robotics. The system "thinks" via its simulator, building and adapting code on its own; and then carries out the best solution. The software can also adapt to new situations, etc. http://mensnewsdaily.com/2007/05/16/robobusiness-robots-with-imagination/ It's easy to imagine using it with automated game characters that will adapt to the players moves and style - the easiest example would be fighting. The more the simulated fighter fights with the human player, the more it learns to counter that players fighting skills. But there should be more. Anyone have any ideas as to how adaptive characters might be interesting in games?

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• Target tracking with a small delay (actionscript 3.0)

  - by John Dodson

  I'm having trouble thinking of a good method to track my character with an enemy attack. Of course, I don't want the attack to track my character's current position; I want it to track where the character was about 1 second before (so you can move around and make the attack miss and loop around you sort of a thing). The general structure of my game uses a timer to update all of my events. I have a timer going off every 25 milliseconds that updates everything, including my player's position and the enemies position. Right now I just have the enemy attack directly targeting my character....which works fine except that it's impossible to escape =p. Let me know if I didn't supply enough details. My approach was going to basically be get my character's position from about 1 second ago, then have the enemy target that position, the only problem is I can't think of a good way to get my character's position from previous times. Thanks for the help!

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• libgdx actors and instant actions

  - by vaati

  I'm having trouble with actors and actions. I have a list of actors, they all have either no action, or 1 sequence action This sequence action has either : a couple of actions (some are instant, some have duration 0) a couple of actions followed by a parallel action. My problem is the following: some of the instant actions are used to set the position and the alpha of the actor. So when one of the action is "move to x,y and set alpha to 0" the actor is visible for one frame at position 0,0 , move instantly to x,y for the next frame, and then disappears. Though this behaviours is to be expected, I want to avoid it. How can I achieve that? I tried to intercept the actions before I put actors in the stage but I need the stage width/height for some actions. So something like : Action actionSequence = actor.getActions().get(0); Array<Action> actions = ((SequenceAction) actionSequence).getActions(); for(Action act : actions){ if(act.act(0)) System.out.println("action " + act.toString() + " successfully run"); else System.out.println("action " + act.toString() + " wasn't instant"); } won't work. It gets even more complicated when an actor can also have a repeat action in stead of the sequence action (because you have to only run the actions that have duration 0 once without repeat, and then start the repeat). Any help is appreciated.

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• Drawing different per-pixel data on the screen

  - by Amir Eldor

  I want to draw different per-pixel data on the screen, where each pixel has a specific value according to my needs. An example may be a random noise pattern where each pixel is randomly generated. I'm not sure what is the correct and fastest way to do this. Locking a texture/surface and manipulating the raw pixel data? How is this done in modern graphics programming? I'm currently trying to do this in Pygame but realized I will face the same problem if I go for C/SDL or OpenGL/DirectX.

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• How to model interentity membership in entity-component architecture?

  - by croxis

  I'm falling in love with simple grace of entity-component design, although I still have issues breaking from MVC and OOP practices. Some of my game entities have membership relationships with each other (ex: a player is a member of a city, a city is a member of a nation), and I am unsure on the best way to implement it. My initial reaction is to have a a MemberOfCity component that points to the appropriate city component, but components are suppose to have no references to each other. My other option is to have a System do it, but that would require the system to persist data outside of a component. Is there a clean way to do this in an entity-component design, or am I trying to use a hammer on a screw and should use a hybrid/another approach?

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• Using SQL tables for storing user created level stats. Is there a better way?

  - by Ivan

  I am developing a racing game in which players can create their own tracks and upload them to a server. Players will be able to compare their best track times to their friends and see world records. I was going to generate a table for each track submitted to store the best times of each player who plays the track. However, I can't predict how many will be uploaded and I imagine too many tables might cause problems, or is this a valid method? I considered saving each player's best times in a string in a single table field like so: level1:00.45;level2:00.43;level3:00.12 If I did this I wouldn't need a separate table for each level (each level could just have a row in a 'WorldRecords' table). However, this just causes another problem because the text would eventually reach the limit for varchar length. I also considered storing the times data in XML files. This would avoid database issues and server disk space can be increased if needed. But I imagine this would be very slow. To update one players best time on one level, I would have to check every node in the file to find their time record to update. Apologies for the wall of text. Any suggestions would be appreciated.

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• Pixmaps, ByteBuffers, and Textures....Oh my

  - by odaymichael

  My ultimate goal is to take a specific region of the screen, and redraw it somewhere else. For example, take a square from the upper left hand corner of the screen and redraw it on the lower right hand corner, so that it is basically a copy of that screen section; kind of like a minimap, but at the same scale as the original. I have looked in to pixmaps and bytebuffers. Also maybe copying that region from the backbuffer somehow. Wondering the best way to go about this. Any help is appreciated. I am using opengl es and libgdx for what it's worth.

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