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• How can I achieve a 3D-like effect with spritebatch's rotation and scale parameters

  - by Alic44

  I'm working on a 2d game with a top-down perspective similar to Secret of Mana and the 2D Final Fantasy games, with one big difference being that it's an action rpg using a 3-dimensional physics engine. I'm trying to draw an aimer graphic (basically an arrow) at my characters' feet when they're aiming a ranged weapon. At first I just converted the character's aim vector to radians and passed that into spritebatch, but there was a problem. The position of every object in my world is scaled for perspective when it's drawn to the screen. So if the physics engine coordinates are (1, 0, 1), the screen coords are actually (1, .707) -- the Y and Z axis are scaled by a perspective factor of .707 and then added together to get the screen coordinates. This meant that the direction the aimer graphic pointed (thanks to its rotation value passed into spritebatch) didn't match up with the direction the projectile actually traveled over time. Things looked fine when the characters fired left, right, up, or down, but if you fired on a diagonal the perspective of the physics engine didn't match with the simplistic way I was converting the character's aim direction to a screen rotation. Ok, fast forward to now: I've got the aimer's rotation matched up with the path the projectile will actually take, which I'm doing by decomposing a transform matrix which I build from two rotation matrices (one to represent the aimer's rotation, and one to represent the camera's 45 degree rotation on the x axis). My question is, is there a way to get not just rotation from a series of matrix transformations, but to also get a Vector2 scale which would give the aimer the appearance of being a 3d object, being warped by perspective? Orthographic perspective is what I'm going for, I think. So, the aimer arrow would get longer when facing sideways, and shorter when facing north and south because of the perspective. At the same time, it would get wider when facing north and south, and less wide when facing right or left. I'd like to avoid actually drawing the aimer texture in 3d because I'm still using spritebatch's layerdepth parameter at this point in my project, and I don't want to have to figure out how to draw a 3d object within the depth sorting system I already have. I can provide code and more details if this is too vague as a question... This is my first post on stack exchange. Thanks a lot for reading! Note: (I think) I realize it can't be a technically correct 3D perspective, because the spritebatch's vector2 scaling argument doesn't allow for an object to be skewed the way it actually should be. What I'm really interested in is, is there a good way to fake the effect, or should I just drop it and not scale at all? Edit to clarify without the help of a picture (apparently I can't post them yet): I want the aimer arrow to look like it has been painted on the ground at the character's feet, so it should appear to be drawn on the ground plane (in my case the XZ plane) which should be tilted at a 45 degree angle (around the X axis) from the viewing perspective. Alex

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• Texture artifacts on iPad

  - by MrDatabase

  I'm porting an iPhone game to the iPad. When I move textures "quickly" (5.0 pixels every update at a rate of 60 Hz) I start to see little "artifacts" or remnants of where the texture used to be. I'm not sure if I know the correct terminology for this... imagine a texture at some location on the screen... then next to it is the same texture but faded a bit... then the same texture again just faded a bit more. I'm using CADisplayLink to drive my update loop if that helps. Also I didn't see this issue on the 3G or the iPhone 4. Any ideas? Cheers!

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• Android how to get opengl 3D coordinates in ontouch event

  - by Sandy

  I created a cube in opengl and it rotates in ontouch event. To to this I created a CustomSurfaceView as follows public class CustomSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView { @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) { float x = e.getX() float y = e.getY(); } } Here x and y are screen coordinates. How can I get 3D coordinated from this? I have already looked gluProject and NeHe. But I dont know how to implement this in my project, it shows that there is no GLdouble,GLfloat class.

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• How to attach an object to a rotating circle?

  - by armands

  I am trying to make an object get attached on a collision point to a circle that is rotating, but the player needs to get attached with a constant point on the player. For example the player is moving back and forth and when the user touches the screen and the player jumps up but what I need is that when the player collides with the circle it attaches it's legs to it and continues rotating with the circle. So I wanted to know how to make this kind of collision joint in Cocos2d Box2d?

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• Calculate velocity of a bullet ricocheting on a circle

  - by SteveL

  I made a picture to demostrate what I need,basecaly I have a bullet with velocity and I want it to bounce with the correct angle after it hits a circle Solved(look the accepted answer for explain): Vector.vector.set(bullet.vel); //->v Vector.vector2.setDirection(pos, bullet.pos); //->n normal from center of circle to bullet float dot=Vector.vector.dot(Vector.vector2); //->dot product Vector.vector2.mul(dot).mul(2); Vector.vector.sub(Vector.vector2); Vector.vector.y=-Vector.vector.y; //->for some reason i had to invert the y bullet.vel.set(Vector.vector);

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• HLSL: An array of textures and sampler states

  - by nate142

  The shader must switch between multiple textures depending on the Alpha value of the original texture for each pixel. Now this would word fine if I didn't have to worry about SamplerStates. I have created my array of textures and can select a texture based on the Alpha value of the pixel. But how do I create an Array of SamplerStates and link it to my array of textures? I attempted to treat the SamplerState as a function by adding the (int i) but that didn't work. Also I can't use Texture.Sample since this is shader model 2.0. //shader model 2.0 (DX9) texture subTextures[255]; SamplerState MeshTextureSampler(int i) { Texture = (subTextures[i]); }; float4 SampleCompoundTexture(float2 texCoord, float4 diffuse) { float4 SelectedColor = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, texCoord); int i = SelectedColor.a; texture SelectedTx = subTextures[i]; return tex2D(MeshTextureSampler(i), texCoord) * diffuse; }

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• backface culling error

  - by acrilige

  I write simple software renderer. In my pipeline i have stage of backface culling. But looks like it has some error (see picture). I perform culling right after world transformation. (i can't insert picture in post coz i don't have enough points, so i just upload it (cube model): http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/705/bcerror.png/) Vector3F view_dir(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); std::vector<Triangle> to_remove; for (Triangle &t : m_triangles) { Vector4F e1 = t.v2 - t.v1; Vector4F e2 = t.v3 - t.v1; Vector3F normal( e1.y * e2.z - e1.z * e2.y, e1.z * e2.x - e1.x * e2.z, e1.x * e2.y - e1.y * e2.x ); normal.Normalize(); float dot = Dot(view_dir, normal); if (dot <= 0) to_remove.push_back(t); } for (Triangle& t : to_remove) m_triangles.erase(std::remove(m_triangles.begin(), m_triangles.end(), t), m_triangles.end()); Camera sits in origin and points in screen (RH). What is the reason?

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• Map format for 3d open world

  - by Pacha

  I am making an open world 3d platformer in Ogre3D, and I have no idea on what kind of 3d map file format I should use for it. I want to make low-polygon blocky-style objects. Probably rectangles and other geometrical figures that don't have circular edges. Some of those blocks will have properties, like climbable or they might move. I was wondering what would be the best thing to do to make the map (just one level, as it is open).

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• Why the clip space in OpenGL has 4 dimensions?

  - by user827992

  I will use this as a generic reference, but the more i browser online docs and books, the less i understand about this. const float vertexPositions[] = { 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; in this online book there is an example about how to draw the first and classic hello world for OpenGL about making a triangle. The vertex structure for the triangle is declared as stated in the code above. The book, as all the other sources about this, stress the point that the Clip Space is a 4D structure that is used to basically decide what will be rasterized and rendered to the screen. Here I have my questions: i can't imagine something in 4D, i don't think that a human can do that, what is a 4D for this Clip space ? the most human-readable doc that i have read speaks about a camera, which is just an abstraction over the clipping concept, and i get that, the problem is, why not using the concept of a camera in the first place which is a more familiar 3D structure? The only problem with the concept of a camera is that you need to define the prospective in other way and so you basically have to add another statement about what kind of camera you wish to have. How i'm supposed to read this 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f ? All i get is that they are all float values and i get the meaning of the first 3 values, what does it mean the last one?

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• Move the location of the XYZ pivot point on a mesh in UDK

  - by WebDevHobo

  When working with any mesh, you get an XYZ point somewhere on it. If you just want to move the mesh in any direction, it doesn't matter where this point is located. However, I want to rotate a door. This requires the point of rotation to be very specific. I can't find anywhere how to change the location of the point. Can anyone help? EDIT: solved, to change the pivot point, right click on the mesh, go to "Pivot" and move it. Then right click again and this time select "Save PrePivot to Pivot"

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• QuadTree: store only points, or regions?

  - by alekop

  I am developing a quadtree to keep track of moving objects for collision detection. Each object has a bounding shape, let's say they are all circles. (It's a 2D top-down game) I am unsure whether to store only the position of each object, or the whole bounding shape. If working with points, insertion and subdivision is easy, because objects will never span multiple nodes. On the other hand, a proximity query for an object may miss collisions, because it won't take the objects' dimensions into account. How to calculate the query region when you only have points? If working with regions, how to handle an object that spans multiple nodes? Should it be inserted in the nearest parent node that completely contains it, even if this exceeds the node's capacity? Thanks.

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• How to utilize miniMax algorrithm in Checkers game

  - by engineer

  I am sorry...as there are too many articles about it.But I can't simple get this. I am confused in the implementation of AI. I have generated all possible moves of computer's type pieces. Now I can't decide the flow. Whether I need to start a loop for the possible moves of each piece and assign score to it.... or something else is to be done. Kindly tell me the proper flow/algorithm for this. Thanks

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• How can I plot a radius of all reachable points with pathfinding for a Mob?

  - by PugWrath

  I am designing a tactical turn based game. The maps are 2d, but do have varying level-layers and blocking objects/terrain. I'm looking for an algorithm for pathfinding which will allow me to show an opaque shape representing all of the possible max-distance pixels that a mob can move to, knowing the mob's max pixel distance. Any thoughts on this, or do I just need to write a good pathfinding algorithm and use it to find the cutoff points for any direction in which an obstacle exists?

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• Recasting and Drawing in SDL

  - by user1078123

  I have some code that essentially draws a column on the screen of a wall in a raycasting-type 3d engine. I am trying to optimize it, as it takes about 10 milliseconds do draw a million pixels using this, and the vast majority of game time is spent in this loop. However, I don't quite understand what's occurring, particularly the recasting (I modified the "pixel manipulation" sample code from the SDL documentation). "canvas" is the surface I am drawing to, and "hello" is the surface containing the texture for the column. int c = (curcol)* canvas->format->BytesPerPixel; void *canvaspixels = canvas->pixels; Uint16 texpitch = hello->pitch; int lim = (drawheight +startdraw) * canvpitch +c + (int) canvaspixels; Uint8 *k = (Uint8 *)hello->pixels + (hit)* hello->format->BytesPerPixel; for (int j= (startdraw)*(canvpitch)+c + (int) canvaspixels; (j< lim); j+= canvpitch){ Uint8 *q = (Uint8 *) ((int(h))*(texpitch)+k); *(Uint32 *)j = *(Uint32 *)q; h += s; } We have void pointers (not sure how those are even represented), 8, 16, and 32 bit ints (h and s are floats), all being intermingled, and while it works, it is quite confusing.

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• Isometric smooth fog

  - by marcg11

  I'm working on a simple 2d game with direct3d 9. It's a isometric game with diamond tiles and a staggered map. This is what I have: As you se I have some king of fog which is acomplished by having a fog matrix which is true (clear terrain) or false (obscure terran). But the result is very chunky. The fog moves as the player moves by tiles but not by pixels. Basically I check for every tile if there is fog, if so I just change the color of that tile: if(scene->fog[i+mapx][j+mapy] == FOG_NONE) { tile_color = 0x666666FF; } I also would like the fog to be smoother, for that I followed this "tutorial" but I haven't managed to work it it out. http://www.appsizematters.com/2010/07/how-to-implement-a-fog-of-war-part-2-smooth/

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• Picking a suitable resolution for a modern low-res game?

  - by MrKatSwordfish

  I'm working on a 2D game project right now (using SFML+OpenGL and C++) and I'm trying to figure out how to go about choosing a resolution. I want my game to have a pixel resolution that is around that of classic '16bit' era consoles like the Super Nintendo or Neo Geo. However, I'd also like to have my game fit the 16:9 aspect ratio that most modern PC monitors use. Finally I'd like to be able to include an option for running full screen. I know that I could create my own low-res 16:9 resolution that is more-or-less around the size of SNES or NeoGeo games. However, the problem seems to be that doing so would leave me with a non-standard resolution that my monitor would not be able to support in fullscreen mode. For example, if i divide the common 16:9 resolution 1920x1080 by 4, I would get a 16:9 resolution that is relatively close to the resolution used by 16bit era games; 480x270. That would be fine in a windowed mode, but I don't think that it would be supported in fullscreen mode. How can I choose a resolution that suits my needs? Can I use something like 480x270? If so, how would I go about getting fullscreen mode to work with such a non-standard resolution? (I'm guessing OpenGL/SFML might have a way of up-scaling...but..)

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• How are components properly instantiated and used in XNA 4.0?

  - by Christopher Horenstein

  I am creating a simple input component to hold on to actions and key states, and a short history of the last ten or so states. The idea is that everything that is interested in input will ask this component for the latest input, and I am wondering where I should create it. I am also wondering how I should create components that are specific to my game objects - I envision them as variables, but then how do their Update/Draw methods get called? What I'm trying to ask is, what are the best practices for adding components to the proper collections? Right now I've added my input component in the main Game class that XNA creates when everything is first initialized, saying something along the lines of this.Components.Add(new InputComponent(this)), which looks a little odd to me, and I'd still want to hang onto that reference so I can ask it things. An answer to my input component's dilemma is great, but also I'm guessing there is a right way to do this in general in XNA.

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• Creating my own kill cam

  - by DalexL

  I plan on creating my own kill cam system for a sandbox tool set. After thinking about the mechanics of the kill cam itself, however, I'm quite lost. I'm trying to recreate the ones commonly seen in call of duty games that show, from the view of the killer, the actual killing scene. My Thoughts: -I can't just keep in memory when people kill others because I wouldn't know when to start the 'recording process'. There is on way for me to accurately determine when somebody is 'about' to kill someone. -My only real idea so far is to have a complete duplicate of everything loaded off to the side copying all the movement from the original world but with a 10 second delay. That way, all the kill cams would be 10 seconds long and the persons camera would just be moved to the second world of their killer. My Questions: Is there already an accepted way to do this? Does anybody have any good ideas for something like this? Thanks if you can!

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• Hydraulics in game

  - by Mungoid

  I'm not completely sure if this would be better in the Physics site or not as this question is more about how hydraulics should work in game as opposed to how they really work (although that is taken into account) - So I apologize if this is in the wrong place. A project we are on, we have a machine with hydraulics that are powered (They don't just look like they move something, they are the only thing moving/turning/lifting something) - However, the hydraulic extends the same speed no matter what it is pushing. So, say there is a 10 ton object attached to one end of the hydraulic and the other end is attached to a plate on the ground. In real life it takes a few seconds to build up pressure depending on how heavy the object is, but in our project the hydraulics don't care about that. It will lift a 100 ton object the same speed as a 10 ton object. We have a way to fake the hydraulic pressurizing by reducing the 'drive amount' (how fast or slow the hydraulic extends) when we sense that it is touching the ground and that does a relatively decent job but we would like to be able to take other things into account like engine speed, ratios, loads, etc. but we aren't too sure what we need to think about. I'm kinda wondering if anyone here has any experience with this and could offer some suggestions on what to take into account?

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• 2D scene graph not transforming relative to parent

  - by Dr.Denis McCracleJizz

  I am currently in the process of coding my own 2D Scene graph, which is basically a port of flash's render engine. The problem I have right now is my rendering doesn't seem to be working properly. This code creates the localTransform property for each DisplayObject. Matrix m_transform = Matrix.CreateRotationZ(rotation) * Matrix.CreateScale(scaleX, scaleY, 1) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(x, y, z)); This is my render code. float dRotation; Vector2 dPosition, dScale; Matrix transform; transform = this.localTransform; if (parent != null) transform = localTransform * parent.localTransform; DecomposeMatrix(ref transform, out dPosition, out dRotation, out dScale); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, dPosition, null, Color.White, dRotation, new Vector2(originX, originY), dScale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.0f); Here is the result when I try to add the Stage then to the stage a First DisplayObjectContainer and then a second one. It may look fine but the problem lies in the fact that I add a first DisplayObjectContainer at (400,400) and the second one within it (that's the smallest one) at position (0,0). So he should be right over its parent but he gets render within the parent at the same position the parent has (400, 400) for some reason. It's just as if I double the parent's localMatrix and then render the second cat there. This is the code i use to loop through every childs. base.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (DisplayObject childs in _childs) { childs.Draw(spriteBatch); }

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• forward motion car physics - gradual slow

  - by spartan2417

  Im having trouble creating realistic car movements in xna 4. Right now i have a car going forward and hitting a terminal velocity which is fine but when i release the up key i need to the car to slow down gradually and then come to a stop. Im pretty sure this is easy code but i cant seem to get it to work the code - update if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { double elapsedTime = gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds; CalcTotalForce(); Acceleration = Vector2.Divide(CalcTotalForce(), MASS); Velocity = Vector2.Add(Velocity, Vector2.Multiply(Acceleration, (float)(elapsedTime))); Position = Vector2.Add(Position, Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, (float)(elapsedTime))); } added functions public Vector2 CalcTraction() { //Traction force = vector direction * engine force return Vector2.Multiply(forwardDirection, ENGINE_FORCE); } public Vector2 CalcDrag() { //Drag force = constdrag * velocity * speed return Vector2.Multiply(Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, DRAG_CONST), Velocity.Y); } public Vector2 CalcRoll() { //roll force = const roll * velocity return Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, ROLL_CONST); } public Vector2 CalcTotalForce() { //total force = traction + (-drag) + (-rolling) return Vector2.Add(CalcTraction(), Vector2.Add(-CalcDrag(), -CalcRoll())); } anyone have any ideas?

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• SDL mouse wheel not picking up

  - by Chris

  Running Ubuntu 11.04, SDL 1.2 trying to pickup mouse wheel up/down movement with this (stripped down) code: int main( int argc, char **argv ) { SDL_MouseButtonEvent *mousebutton = NULL; while ( !done ) { if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_LEFT) yrot += 0.75f; else if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_RIGHT) yrot -= 0.75f; else if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_WHEELUP){ xrot += 0.75f; }else if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_WHEELDOWN){ xrot -= 0.75f; } while ( SDL_PollEvent( &event ) ) { switch( event.type ) { case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mousebutton = &event.button; break; case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP: mousebutton = NULL; break; default: break; } } } return 0; } strange thing is, scrolling with the mouse button does nothing, but if I hold down a mouse button or two and then move the mouse it hits the SDL_BUTTON_WHEEL code occasionally. This honestly reeks of a pointer issue, which would make sense since I've been spoiled with C# for the past couple years, but I am just not seeing it. How do i correctly find mouse scroll events in SDL?

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• Jumping a sprite while moving in a Bezier action

  - by marcg11

  I'm creating a game and I need the sprite to jump (move up and down basically) while it's moving on a bezier path so it moves vertically while it still follows the path. If I do this while it's moving along the bezier path: [mySprite runAction:[CCJumpBy actionWithDuration:0.1 position:ccp(0,0) height:10 jumps:1]]; It jumps vertically but instantly it returns to the position on the path. What I want is to jump relative to the path. Anyone knows something about it? It would looks something like this: the curve is a sequence of CCBezierBy's by the way. Thanks.

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• How should I account for the GC when building games with Unity?

  - by Eonil

  *As far as I know, Unity3D for iOS is based on the Mono runtime and Mono has only generational mark & sweep GC. This GC system can't avoid GC time which stops game system. Instance pooling can reduce this but not completely, because we can't control instantiation happens in the CLR's base class library. Those hidden small and frequent instances will raise un-deterministic GC time eventually. Forcing complete GC periodically will degrade performance greatly (can Mono force complete GC, actually?) So, how can I avoid this GC time when using Unity3D without huge performance degrade?

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• MMORPG game balancing

  - by Gary Paluk

  I've seen a couple of examples of some game balancing techniques in books yet they are not comprehensive and not particularly aimed at MMORPGs but I'm looking for practical examples of game balancing techniques for MMORPGs. I am interested to know if anyone has documented the techniques used in popular games with proven success in this area. Ideally, any resource would cover most common types of stats and include layman mathematical models or techniques used to balance game mechanics found in advanced MMORPGs (I know it's a cliché, but WoW style) Any help would be great!

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