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  • relationship between the model and the renderer

    - by acrilige
    I tried to build a simple graphics engine, and faced with this problems: i have a list of models that i need to draw, and object (renderer) that implements IRenderer interface with method DrawObject(Object* obj). Implementation of renderer depends on using graphics library (opengl/directx). 1st question: model should not know nothing about renderer implementation, but in this case where can i hold (cache) information that depends on renderer implementation? For example, if model have this definition: class Model { public: Model(); Vertex* GetVertices() const; private: Vertex* m_vertices; }; what is the best way to cache, for example, vertex buffer of this model for dx11? Hold it in renderer object? 2nd question: what is the best way for model to say renderer HOW it must be rendered (for example with texture, bump mapping, or may be just in one color). I thought it can be done with flags, like this: model-SetRenderOptions(RENDER_TEXTURE | RENDER_BUMPMAPPING | RENDER_LIGHTING); and in Renderer::DrawModel method check for each flag. But looks like it will become uncomfortable with the options count growth...

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  • Vector vs Scalar velocity?

    - by Serguei Fedorov
    I am revamping an engine I have been working on and off on for the last few weeks to use a directional vector to dictate direction; this way I can dictate the displacement based on a direction. However, the issue I am trying to overcome is the following problem; the speed towards X and speed towards Y are unrelated to one another. If gravity pulls the object down by an increasing velocity my velocity towards the X should not change. This is very easy to implement if my speed is broken into a Vector datatype, Vector.X dictates one direction Vector.Y dictates the other (assuming we are not concerned about the Z axis). However, this defeats the purpose of the directional vector because: SpeedX = 10 SpeedY = 15 [1, 1] normalized = ~[0.7, 0.7] [0.7, 0.7] * [10, 15] = [7, 10.5] As you can see my direction is now "scaled" to my speed which is no longer the direction that I want to be moving in. I am very new to vector math and this is a learning project for me. I looked around a little bit on the internet but I still want to figure out things on my own (not just look at an example and copy off it). Is there way around this? Using a directional vector is extremely useful but I am a little bit stumped at this problem. I am sorry if my mathematical understanding maybe completely wrong.

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  • forward motion car physics - gradual slow

    - by spartan2417
    Im having trouble creating realistic car movements in xna 4. Right now i have a car going forward and hitting a terminal velocity which is fine but when i release the up key i need to the car to slow down gradually and then come to a stop. Im pretty sure this is easy code but i cant seem to get it to work the code - update if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { double elapsedTime = gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds; CalcTotalForce(); Acceleration = Vector2.Divide(CalcTotalForce(), MASS); Velocity = Vector2.Add(Velocity, Vector2.Multiply(Acceleration, (float)(elapsedTime))); Position = Vector2.Add(Position, Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, (float)(elapsedTime))); } added functions public Vector2 CalcTraction() { //Traction force = vector direction * engine force return Vector2.Multiply(forwardDirection, ENGINE_FORCE); } public Vector2 CalcDrag() { //Drag force = constdrag * velocity * speed return Vector2.Multiply(Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, DRAG_CONST), Velocity.Y); } public Vector2 CalcRoll() { //roll force = const roll * velocity return Vector2.Multiply(Velocity, ROLL_CONST); } public Vector2 CalcTotalForce() { //total force = traction + (-drag) + (-rolling) return Vector2.Add(CalcTraction(), Vector2.Add(-CalcDrag(), -CalcRoll())); } anyone have any ideas?

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  • How do I manipulate the Url of my Silverlight testpage.aspx?

    - by Daniel
    I am making an XNA game using Silverlight over the web. My testpage.aspx is linked to from a previous page where the client selects certain elements. The testpage.aspx URL changes depending on what I have sent to it. Now in my mainpage.cs file I would like to call certain functions depending on what was passed, but I am unsure how to manipulate or even access the URL. Is there a specific class in the Silverlight library I can use? Thank you for your time.

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  • Event Driven Behavior Tree: deterministic traversal order with parallel

    - by Heisenbug
    I've studied several articles and listen some talks about behavior trees (mostly the resources available on AIGameDev by Alex J. Champandard). I'm particularly interested on event driven behavior trees, but I have still some doubts on how to implement them correctly using a scheduler. Just a quick recap: Standard Behavior Tree Each execution tick the tree is traversed from the root in depth-first order The execution order is implicitly expressed by the tree structure. So in the case of behaviors parented to a parallel node, even if both children are executed during the same traversing, the first leaf is always evaluated first. Event Driven BT During the first traversal the nodes (tasks) are enqueued using a scheduler which is responsible for updating only running ones every update The first traversal implicitly produce a depth-first ordered queue in the scheduler Non leaf nodes stays suspended mostly of the time. When a leaf node terminate(either with success or fail status) the parent (observer) is waked up allowing the tree traversing to continue and new tasks will be enqueued in the scheduler Without parallel nodes in the tree there will be up to 1 task running in the scheduler Without parallel nodes, the tasks in the queue(excluding dynamic priority implementation) will be always ordered in a depth-first order (is this right?) Now, from what is my understanding of a possible implementation, there are 2 requirements I think must be respected(I'm not sure though): Now, some requirements I think needs to be guaranteed by a correct implementation are: The result of the traversing should be independent from which implementation strategy is used. The traversing result must be deterministic. I'm struggling trying to guarantee both in the case of parallel nodes. Here's an example: Parallel_1 -->Sequence_1 ---->leaf_A ---->leaf_B -->leaf_C Considering a FIFO policy of the scheduler, before leaf_A node terminates the tasks in the scheduler are: P1(suspended),S1(suspended),leaf_A(running),leaf_C(running) When leaf_A terminate leaf_B will be scheduled (at the end of the queue), so the queue will become: P1(suspended),S1(suspended),leaf_C(running),leaf_B(running) In this case leaf_B will be executed after leaf_C at every update, meanwhile with a non event-driven traversing from the root node, the leaf_B will always be evaluated before leaf_A. So I have a couple of question: do I have understand correctly how event driven BT work? How can I guarantee the depth first order is respected with such an implementation? is this a common issue or am I missing something?

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  • Resolving a collision between point and moving line

    - by Conundrumer
    I am designing a 2d physics engine that uses Verlet integration for moving points (velocities mentioned below can be derived), constraints to represent moving line segments, and continuous collision detection to resolve collisions between moving points and static lines, and collisions between moving/static points and moving lines. I already know how to calculate the Time of Impact for both types of collision events, and how to resolve moving point static line collisions. However, I can't figure out how to resolve moving/static point moving line collisions. Here are the initial conditions in a point and moving line collision event. We have a line segment joined by two points, A and B. At this instant, point P is touching/colliding with line AB. These points have unit mass and some might have an initial velocity, unless point P is static. The line is massless and has no explicit rotational component, since points A and B could freely move around, extending or contracting the line as a result (which will be fixed later by the constraint solver). Collision is inelastic. What are the final velocities of the points after collision?

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  • Projecting onto different size screens by cropping

    - by Jason
    Hi, I am building a phone application which will display a shape on screen. The shape should look the same on different screen sizes. I. Decided the best way to do this is to show more of the background on larger screen keeping the shapes proportion the same on all screens. My problem is I am not sure how to achieve this, I can query the screen size at runtime and calculate how different it is from the six is designed for but I am not sure what to do with this value. What kind of projection should I use for my orthographic matrix an hour will I display more on larger screens and not loose information on smaller screens? Thanks, Jason.

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  • Control convention for circular movement?

    - by Christian
    I'm currently doing a kind of training project in Unity (still a beginner). It's supposed to be somewhat like Breakout, but instead of just going left and right I want the paddle to circle around the center point. This is all fine and dandy, but the problem I have is: how do you control this with a keyboard or gamepad? For touch and mouse control I could work around the problem by letting the paddle follow the cursor/finger, but with the other control methods I'm a bit stumped. With a keyboard for example, I could either make it so that the Left arrow always moves the paddle clockwise (it starts at the bottom of the circle), or I could link it to the actual direction - meaning that if the paddle is at the bottom, it goes left and up along the circle or, if it's in the upper hemisphere, it moves left and down, both times toward the outer left point of the circle. Both feel kind of weird. With the first one, it can be counter intuitive to press Left to move the paddle right when it's in the upper area, while in the second method you'd need to constantly switch buttons to keep moving. So, long story short: is there any kind of existing standard, convention or accepted example for this type of movement and the corresponding controls? I didn't really know what to google for (control conventions for circular movement was one of the searches I tried, but it didn't give me much), and I also didn't really find anything about this on here. If there is a Question that I simply didn't see, please excuse the duplicate.

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  • Is there a cross-platform special directory I can use for game save files?

    - by Suds
    I'm developing with LWJGL and Java on a Windows 7 laptop. I've successfully set up saving to the %appdata%\gamename\saves\ or long form c:\users\user\appdata\roaming\gamename\saves\ folder by using File dir = new File(System.getenv("APPDATA") + "\\gamename\\saves\\");. I have hobbyist level experience with Linux, and zero experience with OSX. My game will be fully cross platform. Is System.getenv("APPDATA"); cross platform? If so, where does it point to on Linux or OSX? Is there a best practices alternative that I should use?

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  • Jumping a sprite while moving in a Bezier action

    - by marcg11
    I'm creating a game and I need the sprite to jump (move up and down basically) while it's moving on a bezier path so it moves vertically while it still follows the path. If I do this while it's moving along the bezier path: [mySprite runAction:[CCJumpBy actionWithDuration:0.1 position:ccp(0,0) height:10 jumps:1]]; It jumps vertically but instantly it returns to the position on the path. What I want is to jump relative to the path. Anyone knows something about it? It would looks something like this: the curve is a sequence of CCBezierBy's by the way. Thanks.

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  • Android how to get opengl 3D coordinates in ontouch event

    - by Sandy
    I created a cube in opengl and it rotates in ontouch event. To to this I created a CustomSurfaceView as follows public class CustomSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView { @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) { float x = e.getX() float y = e.getY(); } } Here x and y are screen coordinates. How can I get 3D coordinated from this? I have already looked gluProject and NeHe. But I dont know how to implement this in my project, it shows that there is no GLdouble,GLfloat class.

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  • Publishing a game -- any way to target both WP7 and Win8 Store?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    I'm at a dilemma which seems should soon become an important issue for a lot of developers. If I build a game in XNA, I won't be able to publish it on the Windows 8 Store, as it would be a classic application -- and classic applications can't be sold on the store. If I build a game in Metro DirectX, I would be able to sell it on the Store, but porting it to Windows Phone would involve porting it to Reach XNA, which in fact would likely involve more effort even than porting to OS X or Android -- both of which support C++. Of all the WinRT API that is supported on C++/JS/.NET, DirectX can only be programmed from C++. It's also unlikely that Microsoft will update Windows 7 or Vista to support the new DirectX features, although that would make the Metro DirectX the first new version of DirectX to stop supporting the immediate predecessor OS. If I build a game in Pre-Win8 DirectX 9/10/11, I won't be able to sell it on the Windows Store or Windows Phone, but I could sell it on something like Steam. It would also involve the most amount of manual plumbing. In fact, DirectWrite, despite being part of DirectX 11, doesn't talk to Direct3D. I'm getting really tired of all these restrictions -- artificial and otherwise -- and I'm coming to a point where I'm considering switching to a platform with a less fragmented API, like Android or Mac/iOS. As far as bringing a game into market goes, excluding the actual market share of any platforms that I might consider, what other factors would help me in making a decision? Just a few years ago this question was a lot easier to answer: if you were primarily concerned with Windows platforms, all you had to answer was whether you wanted DirectX, XNA, or something like SlimDX. If you made the wrong decision, no biggie -- all you really would have lost is XBox and the fairly small Windows Phone market.

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  • Java keyboard input [on hold]

    - by dØd
    I'm trying to implement a input system that can detect whether a certain key was held or was only pressed briefly. So far I have this: KEY_INTERACTION_TRESHOLD = 400ms //inside a constructor shouldMeasure = true; @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { if (shouldMeasure) { startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); shouldMeasure = false; return; } System.out.println("Button is held down"); e.consume(); } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime < KEY_INTERACTION_TRESHOLD) { System.out.println("Button was only pressed briefly"); } startTime = 0; shouldMeasure = true; e.consume(); } Now this works, but the problem is that there is this delay between when I press a key to hold and when the message 'Button is held down' gets displayed. I understand why this delay occurs (for example when you press and hold a letter there will be a similar delay between the first and the second letter printed out), but I would like to somehow avoid it. I'm using only the Java API.

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  • How do you get the total asset size (or total resource size) in an Android game?

    - by tom_mai78101
    In an Android Java project, there are two folders, asset and res. To me, I usually put some stuffs, like PNG files, sound files, etc. in either one of the two folder. When resources are increasingly becoming more and more in those folders, the time it takes to load them will increase. Therefore, a loading screen is a must in these situation. The total size is to be used in a loading screen, so that I can guess the average time it takes to load each resources, from 0 bytes to its individual resource file size. I only know that by adding all individual sizes in a respective order, I will then obtain the total asset or res folder size, simply by adding them up. So, when it comes to getting the total file size from either folder, how do you obtain their individual resource/object sizes, respectively? Thanks in advance.

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  • How should I sort images in an isometric game so that they appear in the correct order?

    - by Andrew
    Hi! This seems like a rather simple problem but I am having a lot of difficulty with it. What should I do to properly sort images in an isometric game? In a normal 2d top-down game one could use the screen y axis to sort the images. In this example the trees are properly sorted but the isometric walls are not. Example image: sorted by screen y Wall2 is one pixel below wall1 therefore it is drawn after wall1. If I sort by the isometric y axis the walls appear in the correct order but the trees do not. Example image: sorted by isometric y

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  • Complete Math Library for use in OpenGL ES 2.0 Game?

    - by Bunkai.Satori
    Are you aware of a complete (or almost complete) cross platform math library for use in OpenGL ES 2.0 games? The library should contain: Matrix2x2, Matrix 3x3, Matrix4x4 classes Quaternions Vector2, Vector3, Vector4 Classes Euler Angle Class Operations amongh the above mentioned classes, conversions, etc.. Standardly used math operations in 3D graphics (Dot Product, Cross Product, SLERP, etc...) Is there such Math API available either standalone or as a part of any package? Programming Language: Visual C++ but planned to be ported to OS X and Android OS.

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  • Question about JPanel "transition" for Java Swing

    - by user16778
    I want to make like a sort of main menu (in GUI). When the user clicks the start button, the screen transition into another "screen" (JPanel). This image will make it easier to understand. http://i.imgur.com/Cfdry.png Currently, I have a MainMenu extends JPanel and that gets added into a driver class with a JFrame. I can't figure how to switch to another class like Game extends JPanel. So when the user clicks the start button in MainMenu, I want it to somehow hide itself and the Game to show itself. Thanks.

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  • How can I improve my isometric tile-picking algorithm?

    - by Cypher
    I've spent the last few days researching isometric tile-picking algorithms (converting screen-coordinates to tile-coordinates), and have obviously found a lot of the math beyond my grasp. I have come fairly close and what I have is workable, but I would like to improve on this algorithm as it's a little off and seems to pick down and to the right of the mouse pointer. I've uploaded a video to help visualize the current implementation: http://youtu.be/EqwWcq1zuaM My isometric rendering algorithm is based on what is found at this stackoverflow question's answer, with the exception that my x and y axis' are inverted (x increased down-right, while y increased up-right). Here is where I am converting from screen to tiles: // these next few lines convert the mouse pointer position from screen // coordinates to tile-grid coordinates. cameraOffset captures the current // mouse location and takes into consideration the camera's position on screen. System.Drawing.Point cameraOffset = new System.Drawing.Point( 0, 0 ); cameraOffset.X = mouseLocation.X + (int)camera.Left; cameraOffset.Y = ( mouseLocation.Y + (int)camera.Top ); // the camera-aware mouse coordinates are then further converted in an attempt // to select only the "tile" portion of the grid tiles, instead of the entire // rectangle. this algorithm gets close, but could use improvement. mouseTileLocation.X = ( cameraOffset.X + 2 * cameraOffset.Y ) / Global.TileWidth; mouseTileLocation.Y = -( ( 2 * cameraOffset.Y - cameraOffset.X ) / Global.TileWidth ); Things to make note of: mouseLocation is a System.Drawing.Point that represents the screen coordinates of the mouse pointer. cameraOffset is the screen position of the mouse pointer that includes the position of the game camera. mouseTileLocation is a System.Drawing.Point that is supposed to represent the tile coordinates of the mouse pointer. If you check out the above link to youtube, you'll notice that the picking algorithm is off a bit. How can I improve on this?

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  • Undeclared Scope in Rock Paper Scissors Simple Game

    - by Rianelle
    #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> using namespace std; bool win; int winnings; int draws; int loses; string comChoice; string playerChoice; void winGame () { cout << "You won! Play again?" <<endl; cout << "Type y/n" <<endl; char x; cin >> x; if (x == 'y') { beginGame(); } else if ('n'){ cout << "Game Stopped." <<endl; cout << "Number of Draws: " <<draws << endl; cout << "Number of Loses: " <<loses << endl; cout << "Number of Wins: " << winnings << endl; win = true; } } void drawGame (){ ++draws; cout << "Draw! Try again" << endl; return; } void lose () { cout << "You lose! Try again?" <<endl; cout << "Type y/n" <<endl; char feedback; cin >> feedback; if (feedback == 'y') { beginGame(); } else if ('n'){ cout << "Game Stopped." <<endl; cout << "Number of Draws: " <<draws << endl; cout << "Number of Loses: " <<loses << endl; cout << "Number of Wins: " << winnings << endl; } } void beginGame() { cout << "Welcome to the Rock, Paper and Scissors Game!" <<endl; cout << "Let's begin. Type <rock, paper, scissors> for your choice!" <<endl; cin >> playerChoice; srand(time(0)); int randomizer = 1+(rand()%3); if (randomizer == 1) comChoice = "rock"; if (randomizer == 2) comChoice = "paper"; if (randomizer == 3) comChoice = "scissors"; do { if (playerChoice == comChoice) { drawGame(); } if (playerChoice == "rock" && comChoice == "paper") ++loses; lose(); if (playerChoice == "rock" && comChoice == "scissors") ++winnings; winGame(); if (playerChoice == "paper" && comChoice == "rock") ++winnings; winGame(); if (playerChoice == "paper" && comChoice == "scissors") ++loses; lose(); if (playerChoice == "scissors" && comChoice == "rock") ++loses; lose(); if (playerChoice == "scissors" && comChoice == "paper") ++winnings; winGame(); }while (win != true); } int main () { beginGame(); return 0; }

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  • Moving while doing loop animation in RPGMaker

    - by AzDesign
    I made a custom class to display character portrait in RPGMaker XP Here is the class : class Poser attr_accessor :images def initialize @images = Sprite.new @images.bitmap = RPG::Cache.picture('Character.png') #100x300 @images.x = 540 #place it on the bottom right corner of the screen @images.y = 180 end end Create an event on the map to create an instance as global variable, tada! image popped out. Ok nice. But Im not satisfied, Now I want it to have bobbing-head animation-like (just like when we breathe, sometimes bob our head up and down) so I added another method : def move(x,y) @images.x += x @images.y += y end def animate(x,y,step,delay) forward = true 2.times { step.times { wait(delay) if forward move(x/step,y/step) else move(-x/step,-y/step) end } wait(delay*3) forward = false } end def wait(time) while time > 0 time -= 1 Graphics.update end end I called the method to run the animation and it works, so far so good, but the problem is, WHILE the portrait goes up and down, I cannot move my character until the animation is finished. So that's it, I'm stuck in the loop block, what I want is to watch the portrait moving up and down while I walk around village, talk to npc, etc. Anyone can solve my problem ? Or better solution ? Thanks in advance

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  • Physics from other games

    - by Carlosrdz1
    I'm making a platform engine with XNA Game Studio, and I've solved almost everything about colliding stuff. But now, I'm searching for good physics for the player, I'm trying to emulate characters from other games like Mario from Super Mario World, or MegaMan X... do you know a website or something, where the physics from that games are revealed? I remember seen a page with something like that. Or what's the process you think is the best to emulate physics from other games? Just trial and error? Thank you.

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  • In MMO game, how to handle user characters, who are offline?

    - by Deele
    In my medieval MMO game, players have their own character, that represents themselves inside game. Like a King. Players could have cities and armies, but King acts as main driving force. Then it comes to player, going offline/vacation/disconnect. How to deal with "offline King", to keep some sort of reality in game, without ruining everything for player. I have never liked unrealistic stuff in games, like appearing/dissapearing from thin air, like in WoW or other MMO RPG's, when it comes to connect/disconnect, like in Matrix movie, when you are disconnected, your "avatar" inside the system just vaninshes. Ok, if player char stays where it was left, other players who are online could kick his ass like offline player char was frozen? I see only one solution - give player char, while offline, some sort of AI, that controls char. Is there any other solutions? May be, some sort of legend/story, could make users only as inner-voice, leaving King just passively controlled by user, or other stuff... Please, help! I hope you understand my question.

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  • What is the most secure way to archive a GKScore to be re-submitted later?

    - by Jonathan Sibley
    I'm looking for the safest way to archive and store a GKScore that needs to be re-submitted to Game Center (say, because the user didn't have a network connection at the time the score was earned). I would like to archive the GKScore instance in case the app is terminated before it can be successfully re-submitted to Game Center. My worry is that if it's archived to an instance of NSData and saved in a .plist, it would be easy to manipulate. Perhaps this worry is unjustified? NOTE: I posted a similar question on Stack Overflow only to realize that it's better asked here.

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  • AS3 Calculating Delta Time In Seconds

    - by user1133079
    Here is how I've been trying to implement delta time based on different internet resources. var startTime:Number = getTimer(); game.Update(deltaTime); deltaTime = Number(getTimer() - startTime) * 0.001; My issue with this is it doesn't seem to be giving me accurate timing. The main update shows the frame time at 0.001 and when reinitializing the level it goes to 0.002. I'm using dt else where for a timer and later on time based physics so I would like it to work as expected. I must be missing something silly.

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  • Lighting with VBO

    - by nkint
    I'm using a Java JOGL wrapper called processing.org. I have coded some enviroment on it and I'm quite proud of it even if it has some ready stuffs that I didn't know anything about it (==LIGHTS). Then, for some geometry, I've decided to use a VBO. I had to pass in the hard way and recode all lights. But I can't achieve the same result. This is the original light system: And this with VBO: With this code: Vec3D l; gl.glEnable(GL.GL_LIGHTING); gl.glEnable(GL.GL_LIGHT0); gl.glEnable(GL.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); gl.glMaterialfv(GL.GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL.GL_AMBIENT, new float[]{0.8f,0f,0f}, 0); l = new Vec3D(0,0,-10); gl.glColor3f(0.8f,0f,0f); gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT0, GL.GL_POSITION, new float[] { l.x, l.y, l.z, 0 }, 0); gl.glLightfv(GL.GL_LIGHT0, GL.GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, new float[] { 1, 1, 1, 1 }, 0); I can't achive the same light, the same color material, and the same wireframe stuffs. If needed I can also post the code I use for VBO, but it is quite standard vertex array grabbed on the net that uses glDrawArrays

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