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• Errors compiling XNA project Windows 8?

  - by ChocoMan

  I'm using Visual Studio 2012 have just installed Windows 8 on my computer and tried to compile a game Im working on in XNA. When the game tried to build, I got the following errors: Error 12 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\SkyDome\skycirrus01.xnb" because it was not found. Error 13 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Fonts\Arial.xnb" because it was not found. Error 14 Could not copy the file "C:\Users\Computer\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\WindowsGame1\bin\x86\Debug\Content\Fonts\ISOCP2.xnb" because it was not found. skycirrus01.xnb is actually a .fbx. *Arial.xmb* and ISOCP2.xmb are my spritefonts within my project. Prior to installing Windows 8 (store bought) my project compiled. Does anyone know how to convert these to .xnb files? I'm assuming that will make them compatible.

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• Creating a python android application

  - by Harry

  I need help creating a android app on python. I'm creating an actual android game on python to use on my phone. I need suggestions of what app people would prefer. Anything you have have always wanted on your phone but no ones made it? Please post some suggestions below. I will start writing the code soon and will keep updating this post or creating a new ones asking new questions, so please keep an eye out. I also need help and software on how to start writing the code and how to test it. Thanks in advance.

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• 2.5D action RPG game

  - by Phorden

  I want to make a 2.5D action RPG game in the next say five years. I need to learn a language first and I have started with C#. I haven't gotten too far into learning it and I would like advice on the best way to approach making a game like this in the long run. Work with XNA studios or stop and learn C++ and UDK? Or maybe there is another good way to approach this. I want to learn programming, so just using a visual editor without learning to code is not the way I want to go. I also don't want to write my game engine from scratch. I'm all ears for advice.

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• Geometry shader for multiple primitives

  - by Byte56

  How can I create a geometry shader that can handle multiple primitives? For example when creating a geometry shader for triangles, I define a layout like so: layout(triangles) in; layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices=3) out; But if I use this shader then lines or points won't show up. So adding: layout(triangles) in; layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices=3) out; layout(lines) in; layout(line_strip, max_vertices=2) out; The shader will compile and run, but will only render lines (or whatever the last primitive defined is). So how do I define a single geometry shader that will handle multiple types of primitives? Or is that not possible and I need to create multiple shader programs and change shader programs before drawing each type?

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• Taking fixed direction on hemisphere and project to normal (openGL)

  - by Maik Xhani

  I am trying to perform sampling using hemisphere around a surface normal. I want to experiment with fixed directions (and maybe jitter slightly between frames). So I have those directions: vec3 sampleDirections[6] = {vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.866025f), vec3(0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f), vec3(0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629f), vec3(-0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629), vec3(-0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f)}; now I want the first direction to be projected on the normal and the others accordingly. I tried these 2 codes, both failing. This is what I used for random sampling (it doesn't seem to work well, the samples seem to be biased towards a certain direction) and I just used one of the fixed directions instead of s (here is the code of the random sample, when i used it with the fixed direction i didn't use theta and phi). vec3 CosWeightedRandomHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, float rand1, float rand2 ) float theta = acos(sqrt(1.0f-rand1)); float phi = 6.283185f * rand2; vec3 s = vec3(sin(theta) * cos(phi), sin(theta) * sin(phi), cos(theta)); vec3 v = normalize(cross(n,vec3(0.0072, 1.0, 0.0034))); vec3 u = cross(v, n); u = s.x*u; v = s.y*v; vec3 w = s.z*n; vec3 direction = u+v+w; return normalize(direction); } ** EDIT ** This is the new code vec3 FixedHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, vec3 sampleDir) { vec3 x; vec3 z; if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.y)){ if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } }else{ if(abs(n.y) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } } z = normalize(cross(x,n)); x = cross(n,z); mat3 M = mat3( x.x, n.x, z.x, x.y, n.y, z.y, x.z, n.z, z.z); return M*sampleDir; } So if my n = (0,0,1); and my sampleDir = (0,1,0); shouldn't the M*sampleDir be (0,0,1)? Cause that is what I was expecting.

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• How to Export Flash Animation Data

  - by charliep

  I'd love for my partner, the artist, to be able to animate using flash movieclips and timelines. Then I, the programmer, would like to read the raw Flash info and re-program it into my engine of choice (which happens to be Torque2D). The data I'd want is the bitmap images that were used in Flash, like the head and body the links between the images, like where the head connects to the body the motion data from the flash animation, like move, rotate (at what speed), shear, etc. for the head or arms or whatever. Is there any way to get this data? Here's what I know so far. There are tools like SWFSheet and Spriteloq that convert the entire flash animation into a frame by frame sprite animation (in a sprite sheet). This would take too much space in my case, so I'd like to avoid that. Re-animating on the fly would take much less texture memory. There is a PDF that describes the SWF file format but NOT the individual components like the movieclips. So anyone know of a library I can use, or how I can learn more about the movieclip components and whatnot? (more better tags: transform, export, convert)

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• Using Ogre particle point billboards with shaders

  - by Jay

  I'm learning about using Ogre particles and had some questions about how the point type particles work. Q. I believe point type particles are implemented as a single position. Is one single vertex is passed to the vertex shader? Q. If one vertex is passed to the vertex shader then what gets sent to the fragment shader? Q. Can I pass the particle size to the shader? Perhaps with a custom parameter?

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• Rotation of bitmap using a frame by frame animation

  - by pengume

  Hey every one I know this has probably been asked a ton of times but I just wanted to clarify if I am approaching this correctly, since I ran into some problems rotating a bitmap. So basically I have one large bitmap that has four frames drawn on it and I only draw one at a time by looping through the bitmap by increments to animate walking. I can get the bitmap to rotate correctly when it is not moving but once the animation starts it starts to cut off alot of the image and sometimes becomes very fuzzy. I have tried public void draw(Canvas canvas,int pointerX, int pointerY) { Matrix m; if (setRotation){ // canvas.save(); m = new Matrix(); m.reset(); // spriteWidth and spriteHeight are for just the current frame showed m.setTranslate(spriteWidth / 2, spriteHeight / 2); //get and set rotation for ninja based off of joystick m.preRotate((float) GameControls.getRotation()); //create the rotated bitmap flipedSprite = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap , 0, 0,bitmap.getWidth(),bitmap.getHeight() , m, true); //set new bitmap to rotated ninja setBitmap(flipedSprite); // canvas.restore(); Log.d("Ninja View", "angle of rotation= " +(float) GameControls.getRotation()); setRotation = false; } And then the Draw Method here // create the destination rectangle for the ninjas current animation frame // pointerX and pointerY are from the joystick moving the ninja around destRect = new Rect(pointerX, pointerY, pointerX + spriteWidth, pointerY + spriteHeight); canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, getSourceRect(), destRect, null); The animation is four frames long and gets incremented by 66 (the size of one of the frames on the bitmap) for every frame and then back to 0 at the end of the loop.

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• Is dynamic casting Entities A good design?

  - by Milo

  For my game, Everything inherits from Entity, then other things like Player, PhysicsObject, etc, inherit from Entity. The physics engine sends collision callbacks which has an Entity* to the B that A collided on. Then, lets say A is a Bullet, A tries to cast the entity as a player, if it succeeds, it reduces the player's health. Is this a good design? The problem I have with a message system is that I'd need messages for everything, like: entity.sendMessage(SET_PLAYER_HEALTH,16); So that's why I think casting is cleaner.

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• How to fix issue with my 3D first person camera?

  - by dxCUDA

  My camera moves and rotates, but relative to the worlds origin, instead of the players. I am having difficulty rotating the camera and then translating the camera in the direction relative to the camera facing angle. I have been able to translate the camera and rotate relative to the players origin, but not then rotate and translate in the direction relative to the cameras facing direction. My goal is to have a standard FPS-style camera. float yaw, pitch, roll; D3DXMATRIX rotationMatrix; D3DXVECTOR3 Direction; D3DXMATRIX matRotAxis,matRotZ; D3DXVECTOR3 RotAxis; // Set the yaw (Y axis), pitch (X axis), and roll (Z axis) rotations in radians. pitch = m_rotationX * 0.0174532925f; yaw = m_rotationY * 0.0174532925f; roll = m_rotationZ * 0.0174532925f; up = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);//Create the up vector //Build eye ,lookat and rotation vectors from player input data eye = D3DXVECTOR3(m_fCameraX, m_fCameraY, m_fCameraZ); lookat = D3DXVECTOR3(m_fLookatX, m_fLookatY, m_fLookatZ); rotation = D3DXVECTOR3(m_rotationX, m_rotationY, m_rotationZ); D3DXVECTOR3 camera[3] = {eye,//Eye lookat,//LookAt up };//Up RotAxis.x = pitch; RotAxis.y = yaw; RotAxis.z = roll; D3DXVec3Normalize(&Direction, &(camera[1] - camera[0]));//Direction vector D3DXVec3Cross(&RotAxis, &Direction, &camera[2]);//Strafe vector D3DXVec3Normalize(&RotAxis, &RotAxis); // Create the rotation matrix from the yaw, pitch, and roll values. D3DXMatrixRotationYawPitchRoll(&matRotAxis, pitch,yaw, roll); //rotate direction D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&Direction,&Direction,&matRotAxis); //Translate up vector D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&camera[2], &camera[2], &matRotAxis); //Translate in the direction of player rotation D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&camera[0], &camera[0], &matRotAxis); camera[1] = Direction + camera[0];//Avoid gimble locking D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&in_viewMatrix, &camera[0], &camera[1], &camera[2]);

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• Collision Detection algorithms with early Collision exit

  - by Grieverheart

  I'm using collision detection in Monte Carlo simulations and at the moment I'm using GJK which is quite fast. I can't help to think it could be done even faster though. In the simulations, about 70% of the time GJK is run, it detects a collision. Thus collisions are more than non-collisions in my case. Most collision detection algorithms I know have an early non-collision exit test. Are there any collision detection algorithms that have an early collision detect instead of non-collision and could be potentially faster than GJK in case of collision?

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• Creating natural environments that can run on lower end computers in Unity3D/C#

  - by Timothy Williams

  So, I'm starting work on a project soon that will require me to create realistic environments that can preferably run on PC's besides high quality ones. The goal is to get as real an environment as possible while still being easy(ish) to run. The only problem is I've NEVER done anything with 3D environments, making trees sway, grass move, lighting, etc. Can anyone give me any help? Perhaps describe how it's done? Link me to articles? I'm just looking to be pointed in the right direction, not for you to write the code for me. Any help at all would be greatly appreciated, I'm using Unity3D and C# as my language. Thanks, Tim.

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• Which algorithm used in Advance Wars type turn based games

  - by Jan de Lange

  Has anyone tried to develop, or know of an algorithm such as used in a typical turn based game like Advance Wars, where the number of objects and the number of moves per object may be too large to search through up to a reasonable depth like one would do in a game with a smaller search base like chess? There is some path-finding needed to to engage into combat, harvest, or move to an object, so that in the next move such actions are possible. With this you can build a search tree for each item, resulting in a large tree for all items. With a cost function one can determine the best moves. Then the board flips over to the player role (min/max) and the computer searches the best player move, and flips back etc. upto a number of cycles deep. Finally it has found the best move and now it's the players turn. But he may be asleep by now... So how is this done in practice? I have found several good sources on A*, DFS, BFS, evaluation / cost functions etc. But as of yet I do not see how I can put it all together.

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• farseer physics xbox samples not working

  - by Hugh

  I have downloaded a few of the sample projects from the official farseer physics website and i just cant get them to run on my xbox. -My connection to the xbox is fine, other xbox projects debug fine on my xbox -I have tried running both the xbox versions of the samples (for example the farseer hello world sample project) and the windows version by right-clicking the project and making a copy for xbox. I get a bunch of errors but what i always get is "unreachable code detected" referring to code in the farseer library, it seems to be a problem to do with referencing/linking the farseer library to the main game project. Help please!

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• Blender multiple animations and Collada export

  - by Morgan Bengtsson

  Say I have a simple mesh in Blender, with two keyframes, like so: Then, another animation for the same mesh, also with two keyframes: Theese animations worke fine in Blender and I can switch between them in the Dopesheet, where they are called "actions": The problem arises, when i try to export this to the Collada format, for use in my game engine. The only animation/action that seems to be carried over, is the one currently associated to the mesh. Is it possible to export multiple animations/actions for the same mesh, to the Collada format?

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• Interpolating Matrices

  - by sebf

  Hello, Apologies if I am missing something very obvious (likely!) but is there anything wrong with interpolating between two matrices by: float d = (float)(targetTime.Ticks - keyframe_start.ticks) / (float)(keyframe_end.ticks - keyframe_start.ticks); return ((keyframe_start.Transform * (1 - d)) + (keyframe_end.Transform * d)); As in my app, when I try an use this to interpolate between two keyframes, the model begins to 'shrink' - the severity based on how far between the two keyframes the target time is; its worst when the transform split is ~50/50.

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• Is there a grey-area with Copyright infringement?

  - by Z.O

  Currently a student, I'm trying to put together a game for iOS. From everywhere I've read, it seems any game's sound and art are apart of their IP and covered under their Copyright. That being said, say I wanted to use the coin sound effect from the original Mario (less than 1s long and used sparsely)... would anyone really care? Having no experience with this, I'm just wondering if cases like this are treated like "Ya you're driving slightly over the speed limit, but nobody cares" or as "you stole that car". Thanks for any insight anyone may be able to provide.

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• Cocos2D 2.0 - masking a sprite

  - by Desperate Developer

  I have read this tutorial about how to mask sprites using Cocos2D 2.0. http://www.raywenderlich.com/4428/how-to-mask-a-sprite-with-cocos2d-2-0 But the author talks about OpenGL ES textures and vertices as they were common knowledge. My knowledge about OpenGl is zero raised to infinity. All I want is to use a rectangle to mask a sprite to it. How I would do in Photoshop using a rectangle as mask (yes, I want to clip a sprite to the rectangle bounds and no, I do not want to use the ClippingNode solution, that do not works for animation/scaling etc.). So, can you guys translate the klingon language used in this tutorial and tell how a solid rectangle can be used to mask a sprite in Cocos2D? I am desperate, as my username states. I am searching this for a week and have tried several solutions without satisfactory results. Please help me. Thanks!

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• Rotate sprite to face 3D camera

  - by omikun

  I am trying to rotate a sprite so it is always facing a 3D camera. shaders->setUniform("camera", gCamera.matrix()); glm::mat4 scale = glm::scale(glm::mat4(), glm::vec3(5e5, 5e5, 5e5)); glm::vec3 look = gCamera.position(); glm::vec3 right = glm::cross(gCamera.up(), look); glm::vec3 up = glm::cross(look, right); glm::mat4 newTransform = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0), gCamera.position(), up) * scale; shaders->setUniform("model", newTransform); In the vertex shader: gl_Position = camera * model * vec4(vert, 1); The object will track the camera if I move the camera up or down, but if I rotate the camera around it, it will rotate in the other direction so I end up seeing its front twice and its back twice as I rotate around it 360. What am I doing wrong?

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• Android device - C++ OpenGL 2: eglCreateWindowSurface invalid

  - by ThreaderSlash

  I am trying to debug and run OGLES on Native C++ in my Android device in order to implement a native 3D game for mobile smart phones. The point is that I got an error and see no reason for that. Here is the line from the code that the debugger complains: mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay, lConfig, mApplication->window, NULL); And this is the error message: Invalid arguments ' Candidates are: void * eglCreateWindowSurface(void *, void *, unsigned long int, const int *) ' --x-- Here is the declaration: android_app* mApplication; EGLDisplay mDisplay; EGLint lFormat, lNumConfigs, lErrorResult; EGLConfig lConfig; // Defines display requirements. 16bits mode here. const EGLint lAttributes[] = { EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE, EGL_OPENGL_ES2_BIT, EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 5, EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 6, EGL_RED_SIZE, 5, EGL_SURFACE_TYPE, EGL_WINDOW_BIT, EGL_RENDER_BUFFER, EGL_BACK_BUFFER, EGL_NONE }; // Retrieves a display connection and initializes it. packt_Log_debug("Connecting to the display."); mDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY); if (mDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) goto ERROR; if (!eglInitialize(mDisplay, NULL, NULL)) goto ERROR; // Selects the first OpenGL configuration found. packt_Log_debug("Selecting a display config."); if(!eglChooseConfig(mDisplay, lAttributes, &lConfig, 1, &lNumConfigs) || (lNumConfigs <= 0)) goto ERROR; // Reconfigures the Android window with the EGL format. packt_Log_debug("Configuring window format."); if (!eglGetConfigAttrib(mDisplay, lConfig, EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_ID, &lFormat)) goto ERROR; ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(mApplication->window, 0, 0, lFormat); // Creates the display surface. packt_Log_debug("Initializing the display."); mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay, lConfig, mApplication->window, NULL); --x-- Hope someone here can shed some light on it.

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• How to make game sessions like "with friends" games?

  - by Miguel lugo

  I want to make a game like "words with friends" or "chess with friends" or "Draw Something" or any of the other online multiplayer type games that are based around friends having game sessions with each other. I have made one app before that had no online features so I know the basics of objective-C and xCode. I looked up facebook connect so I know how to make friends find other friends to play with through Facebook. Just not how to make the gaming session. I only need my game to send a small array (or XML if it's better) of strings and integers from one iPhone to the other as each iPhone takes a turn. I'm NOT sending some complex video or anything like in "Draw Something." I was hoping someone could point me in the right direction (whether link to website or book or just a general idea) for how to do gaming sessions between two iPhones. I read this tutorial http://www.raywenderlich.com/3932/how-to-create-a-socket-based-iphone-app-and-server but it seems to be more about having two iPhones communicate over a server on a laptop or through the same wifi, not how to have iPhones game together over any Internet connection like in "with friends" games. I've tried to research this in other places but I'm never quite sure if what the articles I find are talking about is related to what I want or not. Someone please just point me in the right direction or give me a general outline of what to do. I will look up the specifics on my own once I know what to look for. Thank you.

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• Bad FPS for smaller size (OpenGL ES with SDL)

  - by ber4444

  If you saw my other question, well, there is still a little problem: Click here to watch on youtube Basically, the frame rate is very bad on the actual device, where for some reason the animation is scaled (it looks like the left side on the video). It is quite fast on the simulator where it is not scaled (right side). For a test, I submitted this new changeset that hard-codes the smaller size (plus increases the point size for HII regions to make the dust clouds more visible), and as you see in the video, now it is slow even in the simulator (left side shows the small size, right side shows the original size -- otherwise the code is the same). I'm clueless why it's soooo slow with a smaller galaxy, in fact it should be FASTER. As for general speed optimization (which is not strictly part of my question but is closely related to it, esp. if we need a workaround to speed things up), some initial ideas: reducing the number of items drawn may affect the appearance negatively but screen resolution could be reduced there are too many glBegin(GL_POINTS)/glEnd() blocks, we could draw more than just a single star at once

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• Load different levels in XML

  - by Anearion

  my question is more about a theoretical gener than a pratical way to make things happen. I'm about start developing a game for android, text based so i won't need sprites or animation, nor a game engine. Let's say is similar to a sudoku game, where each level is an harder version of sudoku and each level has some question to be asnwered over the sudoku itself. I was wondering if the better way is to have only one XML and then inside all the different levels, each one with his meta-tags, or if the different approach of making n xml files where each one is a level is preferred. At the moment a level should have those tags: <level> <question>Question_1</question> <hint1>what does it do?</hint1> <hint2>where...</hint2> .... <hintN>how...</hintN> </level> So each level could have some items to read and that's what made me think that maybe different files are better cuz if i have to load lvl 10 i can read only the 10.xml file. I hope my question isn't too stupind. Thanks in advance

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• How to develop RPG Damage Formulas?

  - by user127817

  I'm developing a classical 2d RPG (in a similar vein to final fantasy) and I was wondering if anyone had some advice on how to do damage formulas/links to resources/examples? I'll explain my current setup. Hopefully I'm not overdoing it with this question, and I apologize if my questions is too large/broad My Characters stats are composed of the following: enum Stat { HP = 0, MP = 1, SP = 2, Strength = 3, Vitality = 4, Magic = 5, Spirit = 6, Skill = 7, Speed = 8, //Speed/Agility are the same thing Agility = 8, Evasion = 9, MgEvasion = 10, Accuracy = 11, Luck = 12, }; Vitality is basically defense to physical attacks and spirit is defense to magic attacks. All stats have fixed maximums (9999 for HP, 999 for MP/SP and 255 for the rest). With abilities, the maximums can be increased (99999 for HP, 9999 for HP/SP, 999 for the rest) with typical values (at level 100) before/after abilities+equipment+etc will be 8000/20,000 for HP, 800/2000 for SP/MP, 180/350 for other stats Late game Enemy HP will typically be in the lower millions (with a super boss having the maximum of ~12 million). I was wondering how do people actually develop proper damage formulas that scale correctly? For instance, based on this data, using the damage formulas for Final Fantasy X as a base looked very promising. A full reference here http://www.gamefaqs.com/ps2/197344-final-fantasy-x/faqs/31381 but as a quick example: Str = 127, 'Attack' command used, enemy Def = 34. 1. Physical Damage Calculation: Step 1 ------------------------------------- [{(Stat^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x DmCon ÷16] Step 2 ---------------------------------------- [{(127^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 3 -------------------------------------- [{(2048383 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 4 --------------------------------------------------- [{(64011) + 32} x 1] Step 5 -------------------------------------------------------- [{(64043 x 1)}] Step 6 ---------------------------------------------------- Base Damage = 64043 Step 7 ----------------------------------------- [{(Def - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------ [{(34 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ------------------------------------------------- [(-246)^2) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 ---------------------------------------------------- [60516 ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [550] + 16 Step 12 ---------------------------------------------------------- DefNum = 566 Step 13 ---------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * DefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [64043 * 566 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------------ [36248338 ÷ 730] Step 16 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 49655 Step 17 ------------ Base Damage 2 * {730 - (Def * 51 - Def^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ---------------------- 49655 * {730 - (34 * 51 - 34^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 ------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 1156 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 105) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 21 ------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1629) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 22 --------------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - 162} ÷ 730 Step 23 ----------------------------------------------------- 49655 * 568 ÷ 730 Step 24 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 38635 I simply modified the dividers to include the attack rating of weapons and the armor rating of armor. Magic Damage is calculated as follows: Mag = 255, Ultima is used, enemy MDef = 1 Step 1 ----------------------------------- [DmCon * ([Stat^2 ÷ 6] + DmCon) ÷ 4] Step 2 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([255^2 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 3 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([65025 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 4 ------------------------------------------------ [70 * (10837 + 70) ÷ 4] Step 5 ----------------------------------------------------- [70 * (10907) ÷ 4] Step 6 ------------------------------------ Base Damage = 190872 [cut to 99999] Step 7 ---------------------------------------- [{(MDef - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------- [{(1 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ---------------------------------------------- [{(-279.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 -------------------------------------------------- [(78064) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [709] + 16 Step 12 --------------------------------------------------------- MDefNum = 725 Step 13 --------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * MDefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [99999 * 725 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 99314 Step 16 ---------- Base Damage 2 * {730 - (MDef * 51 - MDef^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 17 ------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (1 * 51 - 1^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ------------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (51 - 1 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 --------------------------------------- 99314 * {730 - (49) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ----------------------------------------------------- 99314 * 725 ÷ 730 Step 21 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 98633 The problem is that the formulas completely fall apart once stats start going above 255. In particular Defense values over 300 or so start generating really strange behavior. High Strength + Defense stats lead to massive negative values for instance. While I might be able to modify the formulas to work correctly for my use case, it'd probably be easier just to use a completely new formula. How do people actually develop damage formulas? I was considering opening excel and trying to build the formula that way (mapping Attack Stats vs. Defense Stats for instance) but I was wondering if there's an easier way? While I can't convey the full game mechanics of my game here, might someone be able to suggest a good starting place for building a damage formula? Thanks

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• How do I identify mouse clicks versus mouse down in games?

  - by Tristan

  What is the most common way of handling mouse clicks in games? Given that all you have in way of detecting input from the mouse is whether a button is up or down. I currently just rely on the mouse down being a click, but this simple approach limits me greatly in what I want to achieve. For example I have some code that should only be run once on a mouse click, but using mouse down as a mouse click can cause the code to run more then once depending on how long the button is held down for. So I need to do it on a click! But what is the best way to handle a click? Is a click when the mouse goes from mouse up to down or from down to up or is it a click if the button was down for less then x frames/milliseconds and then if so, is it considered mouse down and a click if its down for x frames/milliseconds or a click then mouse down? I can see that each of the approaches can have their uses but which is the most common in games? And maybe i'll ask more specifically which is the most common in RTS games?

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