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  • Depth is disabled - How to turn on?

    - by marc wellman
    In XNA 3.1 is there any other way to disable depth in 3D Worlds using DirectX models other than GraphicsDevice.RenderState.DepthBufferEnable = false; ? The reason for my question is I have quite a huge program which offers a 3D World with a couple of 3D DirectX models inside. Depth was never an issue since it ever worked fine but since a few days after doing some modifications my models are all depth-translucent i.e. depth-buffering and/or culling seems to be disabled. But in my whole source code I never touch any of the options related to Depth or Culling which means I never turn these settings on explicitly nor turn it off somewhere. So I am searching for some other statement maybe related to the GraphicsDevice that implicitly turns depth off - but I can't find it. (Sorry that I don't post any source code but I have too much source code and I simply don't know where to search) UPDATE: These are a couple of simple objects seen with correct depth. These are the same objects in their current state.

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  • What data should be cached in a multiplayer server, relative to AI and players?

    - by DevilWithin
    In a virtual place, fully network driven, with an arbitrary number of players and an arbitrary number of enemies, what data should be cached in the server memory, in order to optimize smooth AI simulation? Trying to explain, lets say player A sees player B to E, and enemy A to G. Each of those players, see player A, but not necessarily each other. Same applies to enemies. Think of this question from a topdown perspective please. In many cases, for example, when a player shoots his gun, the server handles the sound as a radial "signal" that every other entity within reach "hear" and react upon. Doing these searches all the time for a whole area, containing possibly a lot of unrelated players and enemies, seems to be an issue, when the budget for each AI agent is so small. Should every entity cache whatever enters and exits from its radius of awareness? Is there a great way to trace the entities close by without flooding the memory with such caches? What about other AI related problems that may arise, after assuming the previous one works well? We're talking about environments with possibly hundreds of enemies, a swarm.

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  • How important is a single-player mode in a 2-player game?

    - by Davy8
    So say you have a 2 player game, taking Chess as an example (except it's an original game with no ready-to-go AI available). Let's say there's also a social-aspect to the meta-game, so let's say it's a Chess game on Facebook where you can challenge your friends. How important is it to have a single-player mode, knowing that an AI will need to be created (I've done minimax AI for tic tac toe, but nothing too sophisticated)? Is it important enough that it should be in the initial launch of the game? Can it wait for a future iteration (knowing that being hosted on the web means the game can be updated at any time)?

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  • How do you set up PhysFS for use in a game?

    - by ThePlan
    After my recent question on GD I've been advised to use PhysFS to pack all my game data in 1 file. So I have, and the decission wasn't light, because I've tried out every library in my answers but none contained a single good tutorial whatsoever, in fact PhysFS is the poorest documented library I've ever seen. After attempting to set up PhysFS in my game I realized it's not as simple as adding the headers to the project, it appears something much more complicated, in fact after my first attempt to install PhysFS the compiler ran out of memory to display errors, it reached the critical count of 50 errors. So basically what I'm asking here is: How can I set up PhysFS on my game? I'm using Code::Blocks IDE on Windows XP SP3;

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  • Is there a way to use the facebook sdk with libgdx?

    - by Rudy_TM
    I have tried to use the facebook sdk in libgdx with callbacks, but it never enters the authetication listeners, so the user never is logged in, it permits the authorization for the facebook app but it never implements the authentication interfaces :( Is there a way to use it? public MyFbClass() { facebook = new Facebook(APPID); mAsyncRunner = new AsyncFacebookRunner(facebook); SessionStore.restore(facebook, this); FB.init(this, 0, facebook, this.permissions); } ///Method for init the permissions and my listener for authetication public void init(final Activity activity, final Facebook fb,final String[] permissions) { mActivity = activity; this.fb = fb; mPermissions = permissions; mHandler = new Handler(); async = new AsyncFacebookRunner(mFb); params = new Bundle(); SessionEvents.addAuthListener(auth); } ///I call the authetication process, I call it with a callback from libgdx public void facebookAction() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub fb.authenticate(); } ///It only allow the app permission, it doesnt register the events public void authenticate() { if (mFb.isSessionValid()) { SessionEvents.onLogoutBegin(); AsyncFacebookRunner asyncRunner = new AsyncFacebookRunner(mFb); asyncRunner.logout(getContext(), new LogoutRequestListener()); //SessionStore.save(this.mFb, getContext()); } else { mFb.authorize(mActivity, mPermissions,0 , new DialogListener()); } } public class SessionListener implements AuthListener, LogoutListener { @Override public void onAuthSucceed() { SessionStore.save(mFb, getContext()); } @Override public void onAuthFail(String error) { } @Override public void onLogoutBegin() { } @Override public void onLogoutFinish() { SessionStore.clear(getContext()); } } DialogListener() { @Override public void onComplete(Bundle values) { SessionEvents.onLoginSuccess(); } @Override public void onFacebookError(FacebookError error) { SessionEvents.onLoginError(error.getMessage()); } @Override public void onError(DialogError error) { SessionEvents.onLoginError(error.getMessage()); } @Override public void onCancel() { SessionEvents.onLoginError("Action Canceled"); } }

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  • Square game map rendered as sphere

    - by Roflha
    For a hobby project of mine I have created a finite voxel world (similar to Minecraft), but as I said, mine is finite. When you reach the edge of it, you are sent to the other side. That is all working fine along with rendering the far side of the map, but I want to be able to render this grid as a sphere. Looking down from above, the world is a square. I basically want to be able to represent a portion of that square as a sphere, as if you were looking at a planet. Right now I am experimenting with taking a circular section of the map, and rendering that, but it look to flat (no curvature around the edges). My question then, is what would be the best way to add some curvature to the edges of a 2d circle to make it look like a hemisphere. However, I am not overly attached to this implementation so if somebody has some other idea for representing the square as a planet, I am all ears.

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  • In which directory to write game save files/data?

    - by Klaim
    I need a definite list of directories, one or more per platform, where to put game save files and other game generated data. Either based no the OS developer specification, or because it is common usage if there is no recommandation. Please provide one answer per platform, with different directories. Also, example of how to get the directory location in C++ or C is best, as it's the language you'll have more hard time. Locations: Player's game data (saved games, config). Shared game data (like high-score or config for all computer users). Temporary game data (aka cache directory).

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  • Multithreading for a mixed-genre game in Python?

    - by arrogantc
    So here's the situation. I'm making a game that mixes two genres; arcade shooter and puzzler. They don't intertwine TOO much; all the interaction that really goes on is that every time an enemy is destroyed, a block is created. The blocks aren't even a part of the main collision detection system; they have their own more suited to their needs. What I want to ask is this; might it be a good idea to have the arcade shooter portion run on one thread, and the puzzle game portion run on another?

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  • Maya Animated Character export for XNA 4.0 problem

    - by FahidK
    To begin with, I'm trying to export an animated character in .fbx format from Maya 2013 to XNA 4.0 In Maya, The Model has a basic rig and the animations are in clips made in the Trax editor. so the issue i'm having is after selecting the model and the root joint and then hitting export in .fbx format, for some reason when i open the exported .fbx file the joint system is detached from the model with no animation. Btw, i have the animations in clips so that they can be called in code, for example "run","walk","attack". So, what can i do to solve this problem? Thank you.

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  • How do I implement layers on a tile map?

    - by mitch
    I have a game where, based upon the visible tiles in the viewport, I need to retrieve data of items in the visible tiles. I am planning to use Javascript to AJAX request in a batch based upon the visible tiles which contain image tags like Google Maps. The layer will be in SVG or canvas. The item information will be in JSON format. What is the best approach, to fetch the data? I currently have complex class I wrote in Javascript which determines the visible columns/rows and offsets relative to the visible area shown. Each item is also user contributed and will be rendered in canvas or SVG layer.

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  • Balancing agressive invites

    - by Nils Munch
    I am designing a trading card game for mobiles, with the possibility to add cards to your collection using Gems, aquired through victories and inapp purchases. I am thinking to increase the spread of the game with a tracking system on game invites, enabling the user to invite a friend to play the game. If the friend doesn't own the game client (which is free) he will be offered to download it. If he joins the game, the original player earns X amount of gems as an reward. There can only be one player per mobile device, which should rule out some harvesting. My question is, how do you think the structure of this would be recieved ? All invites are mail based, unless the player already exists in the game world (then he gets a ingame invitation.) I have set a flood filter, so a player can only invite a friend (without the client installed) once a month.

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  • Finding furthermost point in game world

    - by user13414
    I am attempting to find the furthermost point in my game world given the player's current location and a normalized direction vector in screen space. My current algorithm is: convert player world location to screen space multiply the direction vector by a large number (2000) and add it to the player's screen location to get the distant screen location convert the distant screen location to world space create a line running from the player's world location to the distant world location loop over the bounding "walls" (of which there are always 4) of my game world check whether the wall and the line intersect if so, where they intersect is the furthermost point of my game world in the direction of the vector Here it is, more or less, in code: public Vector2 GetFurthermostWorldPoint(Vector2 directionVector) { var screenLocation = entity.WorldPointToScreen(entity.Location); var distantScreenLocation = screenLocation + (directionVector * 2000); var distantWorldLocation = entity.ScreenPointToWorld(distantScreenLocation); var line = new Line(entity.Center, distantWorldLocation); float intersectionDistance; Vector2 intersectionPoint; foreach (var boundingWall in entity.Level.BoundingWalls) { if (boundingWall.Intersects(line, out intersectionDistance, out intersectionPoint)) { return intersectionPoint; } } Debug.Assert(false, "No intersection found!"); return Vector2.Zero; } Now this works, for some definition of "works". I've found that the further out my distant screen location is, the less chance it has of working. When digging into the reasons why, I noticed that calls to Viewport.Unproject could result in wildly varying return values for points that are "far away". I wrote this stupid little "test" to try and understand what was going on: [Fact] public void wtf() { var screenPositions = new Vector2[] { new Vector2(400, 240), new Vector2(400, -2000), }; var viewport = new Viewport(0, 0, 800, 480); var projectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, viewport.Width / viewport.Height, 1, 200000); var viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(400, 630, 600), new Vector3(400, 345, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 1)); var worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity; foreach (var screenPosition in screenPositions) { var nearPoint = viewport.Unproject(new Vector3(screenPosition, 0), projectionMatrix, viewMatrix, worldMatrix); var farPoint = viewport.Unproject(new Vector3(screenPosition, 1), projectionMatrix, viewMatrix, worldMatrix); Console.WriteLine("For screen position {0}:", screenPosition); Console.WriteLine(" Projected Near Point = {0}", nearPoint.TruncateZ()); Console.WriteLine(" Projected Far Point = {0}", farPoint.TruncateZ()); Console.WriteLine(); } } The output I get on the console is: For screen position {X:400 Y:240}: Projected Near Point = {X:400 Y:629.571 Z:599.0967} Projected Far Point = {X:392.9302 Y:-83074.98 Z:-175627.9} For screen position {X:400 Y:-2000}: Projected Near Point = {X:400 Y:626.079 Z:600.7554} Projected Far Point = {X:390.2068 Y:-767438.6 Z:148564.2} My question is really twofold: what am I doing wrong with the unprojection such that it varies so wildly and, thus, does not allow me to determine the corresponding world point for my distant screen point? is there a better way altogether to determine the furthermost point in world space given a current world space location, and a directional vector in screen space?

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  • How to make an object move again after being stopped by collision in Unity?

    - by Matthew Underwood
    I have a player object which position is always centered on the main camera's viewport. This object has a Rigidbody 2D, a box and circle collider. The player moves around a level, the level has a polygon collider attached. I move the camera until the object hits against the collider, which stops the movement of the camera by setting its speed to 0. The problem happens when I want to move the camera / player object away from the collider. As the speed is already at 0, it cannot move away from the collider. The script attached to the player object, checks for collisions and applies the speed to 0 on the main camera's test script. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class move : MonoBehaviour { public float speed; public test testing; // Use this for initialization void Start () { speed = 10F; testing = Camera.main.GetComponent<test>(); } // Update is called once per frame void FixedUpdate () { Vector3 p = Camera.main.ViewportToWorldPoint(new Vector3(0.5F, 0.5F, Camera.main.nearClipPlane)); transform.position = new Vector3(p.x, p.y, -1); } void OnCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D col) { testing.speed = 0; } void OnCollisionExit2D(Collision2D col) { testing.speed = 10F; } } This is the script attached to the main camera; just a simple script that changes the camera's position. using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class test : MonoBehaviour { public float speed; public float translationY; public float translationX; // Use this for initialization void Start () { speed = 10F; } void FixedUpdate () { translationY = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speed * Time.deltaTime; translationX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * speed * Time.deltaTime; transform.Translate(translationX, translationY, 0); } } The player object isn't kinematic and is a fixed angle, the colliders aren't triggers and the polygon collider isn't a trigger either. The player is the red square, the collider is the pink area. -- EDIT -- From the latest change the collider set up for the player So if the X speed was disabled. It wouldnt move into the side of the polygon colider which is good, but yet you couldnt move away from it. And moving down would move inside the colider.

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  • Android Bitmap : collision Detecting [on hold]

    - by user2505374
    I am writing an Android game right now and I would need some help in the collision of the wall on screen. When I drag the ball in the top and right it able to collide in wall but when I drag it faster it was able to overlap in the wall. public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { int x = (int) event.getX(); int y = (int) event.getY(); switch (event.getAction()) { // if the player moves case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: { if (playerTouchRect.contains(x, y)) { boolean left = false; boolean right = false; boolean up = false; boolean down = false; boolean canMove = false; boolean foundFinish = false; if (x != pLastXPos) { if (x < pLastXPos) { left = true; } else { right = true; } pLastXPos = x; } if (y != pLastYPos) { if (y < pLastYPos) { up = true; } else { down = true; } pLastYPos = y; } plCellRect = getRectFromPos(x, y); newplRect.set(playerRect); newplRect.left = x - (int) (playerRect.width() / 2); newplRect.right = x + (int) (playerRect.width() / 2); newplRect.top = y - (int) (playerRect.height() / 2); newplRect.bottom = y + (int) (playerRect.height() / 2); int currentRow = 0; int currentCol = 0; currentRow = getRowFromYPos(newplRect.top); currentCol = getColFromXPos(newplRect.right); if(!canMove){ canMove = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol] == Cell.wall; canMove =true; } finishTest = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol]; foundA = finishTest == Cell.valueOf(letterNotGet + ""); canMove = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol] != Cell.wall; canMove = (finishTest == Cell.floor || finishTest == Cell.pl) && canMove; if (canMove) { invalidate(); setTitle(); } if (foundA) { mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[currentRow][currentCol] = Cell.floor; // finishTest letterGotten.add(letterNotGet); playCurrentLetter(); /*sounds.play(sExplosion, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0, 0, 1.5f);*/ foundS = letterNotGet == 's'; letterNotGet++; }if(foundS){ AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mainActivity); builder.setTitle(mainActivity.getText(R.string.finished_title)); LayoutInflater inflater = mainActivity.getLayoutInflater(); View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.finish, null); builder.setView(view); View closeButton =view.findViewById(R.id.closeGame); closeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View clicked) { if(clicked.getId() == R.id.closeGame) { mainActivity.finish(); } } }); AlertDialog finishDialog = builder.create(); finishDialog.show(); } else { Log.d(TAG, "INFO: updated player position"); playerRect.set(newplRect); setTouchZone(); updatePlayerCell(); } } // end of (CASE) if playerTouch break; } // end of (SWITCH) Case motion }//end of Switch return true; }//end of TouchEvent private void finish() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public int getColFromXPos(int xPos) { val = xPos / (pvWidth / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols); if (val == mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols) { val = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols - 1; } return val; } /** * Given a y pixel position, return the row of the cell it is in This is * used when determining the type of adjacent Cells. * * @param yPos * y position in pixels * @return The cell this position is in */ public int getRowFromYPos(int yPos) { val = yPos / (pvHeight / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows); if (val == mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows) { val = mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows - 1; } return val; } /** * When preserving the position we need to know which cell the player is in, * so calculate it from the centre on its Rect */ public void updatePlayerCell() { plCell.x = (playerRect.left + (playerRect.width() / 2)) / (pvWidth / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols); plCell.y = (playerRect.top + (playerRect.height() / 2)) / (pvHeight / mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows); if (mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[plCell.y][plCell.x] == Cell.floor) { for (int row = 0; row < mapManager.getCurrentTile().pRows; row++) { for (int col = 0; col < mapManager.getCurrentTile().pCols; col++) { if (mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[row][col] == Cell.pl) { mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[row][col] = Cell.floor; break; } } } mapManager.getCurrentTile().pMaze[plCell.y][plCell.x] = Cell.pl; } } public Rect getRectFromPos(int x, int y) { calcCell.left = ((x / cellWidth) + 0) * cellWidth; calcCell.right = calcCell.left + cellWidth; calcCell.top = ((y / cellHeight) + 0) * cellHeight; calcCell.bottom = calcCell.top + cellHeight; Log.d(TAG, "Rect: " + calcCell + " Player: " + playerRect); return calcCell; } public void setPlayerRect(Rect newplRect) { playerRect.set(newplRect); } private void setTouchZone() { playerTouchRect.set( playerRect.left - playerRect.width() / TOUCH_ZONE, playerRect.top - playerRect.height() / TOUCH_ZONE, playerRect.right + playerRect.width() / TOUCH_ZONE, playerRect.bottom + playerRect.height() / TOUCH_ZONE); } public Rect getPlayerRect() { return playerRect; } public Point getPlayerCell() { return plCell; } public void setPlayerCell(Point cell) { plCell = cell; }

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  • LWJGL Java 2D collision when lagging

    - by user1990950
    I'm using a tile based collision, but when the game is lagging (the lag isn't the problem) the collision fails and the player falls through tiles. This is the movement/collision detection code of my Player class: gravity.y = gspeed; speed.y+=gravity.y; position.set(position.x + direction.x * speed.x * deltaSeconds, position.y + direction.y * speed.y * deltaSeconds); for (int i = (int) Math.round(position.x / 32) - 2 * t; i < (int) Math.round(position.x / 32) + 3 * t; i++) { for (int j = (int) Math.round(position.y / 32); j < (int) Math.round((position.y + height + 64) / 32); j++) { checkCollision(i, j, deltaSeconds); } } public void checkCollision(int i, int j, float deltaSeconds) { bbox.setBounds((int) position.x, (int) position.y, (int) width, (int) height); Tile t = null; t = Map.getTile(i, j); if (t != null) { if (t.isSolid()) { if (t.getTop().intersects(bbox)) { if (position.y + height < t.y * 32 + 32) { if (speed.y >= 0) { position.y = t.y * 32 - height; speed.y = 0; gravity.y = 0; jumpState = 0; } } } if (t.getBottom().intersects(bbox)) { if (position.y < t.y * 32 + 32) { position.y = t.y * 32 + 32; speed.y = 0; } } else { if (t.getLeft().intersects(bbox)) { if (position.x + width > t.x * 32) { position.x = t.x * 32 - width; speed.x = 0; } } if (t.getRight().intersects(bbox)) { if (position.x < t.x * 32 + 32) { position.x = t.x * 32 + 32; speed.x = 0; } } } } } } Is it possible to fix my code, if yes how? Or is it possible to tell if the game is lagging?

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  • 2D Animation Smoothness - Delta time vs. Kinematics

    - by viperld002
    I'm animating a sprite in 2D with key frames of rotation and xy-positions. I've recently had a discussion with someone saying that when the device (happens to be an iPad using cocos2D) hits a performance bump due to whatever else the user may be doing, lag will arise and that the best way to fight it is to not use actual positions, but velocities, accelerations and torques with kinematics. His message is to evaluate the positions and rotations from these speeds at the current point in time. I've never experienced a situation where I've heard of using kinematics to stem lag in 2D animations and am not sure of how effective it could be. Also, it seems to be overkill. The application is not networked so it's all running on a local device. The desired effect is that the animation always plays as closely as it can to the target frame rate. Wouldn't the technique suffer the same problems as just using the time since the last frame or a fixed time step since the kinematics would also require some time value to perform the calculation? What techniques could you suggest to best achieve the desired effect? EDIT 1 Thank you for your responses, they are very illuminating. I want to clarify my question before choosing an answer however, to make sure that this post really serves it's purpose. I have a sprite of a ball, and a text file with 3 arrays worth of information (rotation,translations x, translations y) with each unit of information existing as a key frame to be stepped through (0 to 49 and back to 0 to replay it again). I have this playing by interpolating from the current key frame to the next, every n-units of time. The animation is visibly correct when compared to a video I was given of it, and it is smooth because of the interpolations between the key frames. This is the existing state of the project. There are no physics simulated, only a static animation of a ball moving in a way an artist specifically designed. Should I, instead of rotation in degrees and translations by positions in space, derive velocities, accelerations and torques to express this static animation as a function of time? As in, position now = foo(time now), where foo uses kinematics.

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  • Behaviour tree code example?

    - by jokoon
    http://altdevblogaday.org/2011/02/24/introduction-to-behavior-trees/ Obviously the most interesting article I found on this website. What do you think about it ? It lacks some code example, don't you know any ? I also read that state machines are not very flexible compared to behaviour trees... On top of that I'm not sure if there is a true link between state machines and the state pattern... is there ?

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  • Optimal sprite size for rotations

    - by Panda Pajama
    I am making a sprite based game, and I have a bunch of images that I get in a ridiculously large resolution and I scale them to the desired sprite size (for example 64x64 pixels) before converting them to a game resource, so when draw my sprite inside the game, I don't have to scale it. However, if I rotate this small sprite inside the game (engine agnostically), some destination pixels will get interpolated, and the sprite will look smudged. This is of course dependent on the rotation angle as well as the interpolation algorithm, but regardless, there is not enough data to correctly sample a specific destination pixel. So there are two solutions I can think of. The first is to use the original huge image, rotate it to the desired angles, and then downscale all the reaulting variations, and put them in an atlas, which has the advantage of being quite simple to implement, but naively consumes twice as much sprite space for each rotation (each rotation must be inscribed in a circle whose diameter is the diagonal of the original sprite's rectangle, whose area is twice of that original rectangle, supposing square sprites). It also has the disadvantage of only having a predefined set of rotations available, which may be okay or not depending on the game. So the other choice would be to store a larger image, and rotate and downscale while rendering, which leads to my question. What is the optimal size for this sprite? Optimal meaning that a larger image will have no effect in the resulting image. This is definitely dependent on the image size, the amount of desired rotations without data loss down to 1/256, which is the minimum representable color difference. I am looking for a theoretical general answer to this problem, because trying a bunch of sizes may be okay, but is far from optimal.

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  • Check for bodies within a specific circle in Box2D

    - by ltjax
    I'm trying to find positions to insert new bodies into my world. For that, I'd like to have a "free" spot where this body wouldn't overlap with anything else. So my plan was to sample "random" positions and check whether they overlap with my "potential" new body. Since my bodies are always circular, I'd need to test within a given circle. So far, the only way to use box2d for this seems to use b2World::QueryAABB around my circle and manually doing an overlap test with all the fixtures it gives me (Box2D doesn't event seem to allow me to tap into its overlapping tests?!). It seems to me like Box2D should already provide such functionality - is there a way that lets me do this without reinventing most of the wheel again?

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  • Struct Method for Loops Problem

    - by Annalyne
    I have tried numerous times how to make a do-while loop using the float constructor for my code but it seems it does not work properly as I wanted. For summary, I am making a TBRPG in C++ and I encountered few problems. But before that, let me post my code. #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <ctime> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int char_level = 1; //the starting level of the character. string town; //town string town_name; //the name of the town the character is in. string charname; //holds the character's name upon the start of the game int gems = 0; //holds the value of the games the character has. const int MAX_ITEMS = 15; //max items the character can carry string inventory [MAX_ITEMS]; //the inventory of the character in game int itemnum = 0; //number of items that the character has. bool GameOver = false; //boolean intended for the game over scr. string monsterTroop [] = {"Slime", "Zombie", "Imp", "Sahaguin, Hounds, Vampire"}; //monster name float monsterTroopHealth [] = {5.0f, 10.0f, 15.0f, 20.0f, 25.0f}; // the health of the monsters int monLifeBox; //life carrier of the game's enemy troops int enemNumber; //enemy number //inventory[itemnum++] = "Sword"; class RPG_Game_Enemy { public: void enemyAppear () { srand(time(0)); enemNumber = 1+(rand()%3); if (enemNumber == 1) cout << monsterTroop[1]; //monster troop 1 else if (enemNumber == 2) cout << monsterTroop[2]; //monster troop 2 else if (enemNumber == 3) cout << monsterTroop[3]; //monster troop 3 else if (enemNumber == 4) cout << monsterTroop[4]; //monster troop 4 } void enemDefeat () { cout << "The foe has been defeated. You are victorious." << endl; } void enemyDies() { //if the enemy dies: //collapse declaration cout << "The foe vanished and you are victorious!" << endl; } }; class RPG_Scene_Battle { public: RPG_Scene_Battle(float ini_health) : health (ini_health){}; float getHealth() { return health; } void setHealth(float rpg_val){ health = rpg_val;}; private: float health; }; //---------------------------------------------------------------// // Conduct Damage for the Scene Battle's Damage //---------------------------------------------------------------// float conductDamage(RPG_Scene_Battle rpg_tr, float damage) { rpg_tr.setHealth(rpg_tr.getHealth() - damage); return rpg_tr.getHealth(); }; // ------------------------------------------------------------- // void RPG_Scene_DisplayItem () { cout << "Items: \n"; for (int i=0; i < itemnum; ++i) cout << inventory[i] <<endl; }; In this code I have so far, the problem I have is the battle scene. For example, the player battles a Ghost with 10 HP, when I use a do while loop to subtract the HP of the character and the enemy, it only deducts once in the do while. Some people said I should use a struct, but I have no idea how to make it. Is there a way someone can display a code how to implement it on my game? Edit: I made the do-while by far like this: do RPG_Scene_Battle (player, 20.0f); RPG_Scene_Battle (enemy, 10.0f); cout << "Battle starts!" <<endl; cout << "You used a blade skill and deducted 2 hit points to the enemy!" conductDamage (enemy, 2.0f); while (enemy!=0) also, I made something like this: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int gems = 0; class Entity { public: Entity(float startingHealth) : health(startingHealth){}; // initialize health float getHealth(){return health;} void setHealth(float value){ health = value;}; private: float health; }; float subtractHealthFrom(Entity& ent, float damage) { ent.setHealth(ent.getHealth() - damage); return ent.getHealth(); }; int main () { Entity character(10.0f); Entity enemy(10.0f); cout << "Hero Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(character, 2.0f) <<endl; cout << "Monster Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(enemy, 2.0f) <<endl; cout << "Hero Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(character, 2.0f) <<endl; cout << "Monster Life: "; cout << subtractHealthFrom(enemy, 2.0f) <<endl; }; Struct method, they say, should solve this problem. How can I continously deduct hp from the enemy? Whenever I deduct something, it would return to its original value -_-

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  • Which opcodes are faster at the CPU level?

    - by Geotarget
    In every programming language there are sets of opcodes that are recommended over others. I've tried to list them here, in order of speed. Bitwise Integer Addition / Subtraction Integer Multiplication / Division Comparison Control flow Float Addition / Subtraction Float Multiplication / Division Where you need high-performance code, C++ can be hand optimized in assembly, to use SIMD instructions or more efficient control flow, data types, etc. So I'm trying to understand if the data type (int32 / float32 / float64) or the operation used (*, +, &) affects performance at the CPU level. Is a single multiply slower on the CPU than an addition? In MCU theory you learn that speed of opcodes is determined by the number of CPU cycles it takes to execute. So does it mean that multiply takes 4 cycles and add takes 2? Exactly what are the speed characteristics of the basic math and control flow opcodes? If two opcodes take the same number of cycles to execute, then both can be used interchangeably without any performance gain / loss? Any other technical details you can share regarding x86 CPU performance is appreciated

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  • OpenGL VertexBuffer won'e render in GLFW3

    - by sm81095
    So I have started to try to learn OpenGL, and I decided to use GLFW to assist in window creation. The problem is, since GLFW3 is so new, there are no tutorials on it yet and how to use it with modern OpenGL (3.3, specifically). Using the GLFW3 tutorial found on the website, which uses older OpenGL rendering (glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES), glVertex3f()), and such, I can get a triangle to render to the screen. The problem is, using new OpenGL, I can't get the same triangle to render to the screen. I am new to OpenGL, and GLFW3 is new to most people, so I may be completely missing something obvious, but here is my code: static const GLuint g_vertex_buffer_data[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; int main(void) { GLFWwindow* window; if(!glfwInit()) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW."); return -1; } glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "Test Window", NULL, NULL); if(!window) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create a GLFW window"); return -1; } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GLenum err = glewInit(); if(err != GLEW_OK) { glfwTerminate(); fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW"); fprintf(stderr, (char*)glewGetErrorString(err)); return -1; } GLuint VertexArrayID; glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID); glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID); GLuint programID = LoadShaders("SimpleVertexShader.glsl", "SimpleFragmentShader.glsl"); GLuint vertexBuffer; glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glUseProgram(programID); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer); glDeleteProgram(programID); glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } I know it is not my shaders, they are super simple and I've checked them against GLFW 2.7 so I know that they work. I'm assuming that I've missed something crucial to using the OpenGL context with GLFW3, so any help locating the problem would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Would like some help in understanding rendering geometry vs textures

    - by Anon
    So I was just pondering whether it is more taxing on the GPU to render geometry or a texture. What I'm trying to see is whether there is a huge difference in rendering two scenes with the same setup: Scene 1: Example Object: A dirt road (nothing else) Geometry: Detailed road, with all the bumps, cracks and so forth done in the mesh Scene 2: Example Object: A dirt road (nothing else) Geometry: A simple mesh, in a form of a road, but in this case maps and textures are simulating cracks, bumps, etc... So of these two, which one is likely to tax the hardware more? Or is it not a like for like comparison? What would be the best way of doing something like this? Go heavy on the textures? Or have a blend of both?

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  • How to modify VBO data

    - by Romeo
    I am learning LWJGL so i can start working on my game. In order to learn LWJGL I got the idea to implement the map builder so I can get comfortable with graphics programming. Now, for the map creation tool I need to draw new elements or draw the old one's with different coordinates. Let me explain this: My game will be a 2D scroller. The map will be consisting of multiple rectangles ( 2 strip triangles). When I click my left-mouse button i want to start the rectangle and when I release it I want to stop the rectangle bottom-right at that position. As I want to use VBOs I want to know how to modify data inside the VBO based on user input. Should i have a copy of a vertex array and then add the whole array to the VBO at each user input? How is usually implemented the VBO update?

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  • How to create a copy of an instance without having access to private variables

    - by Jamie
    Im having a bit of a problem. Let me show you the code first: public class Direction { private CircularList xSpeed, zSpeed; private int[] dirSquare = {-1, 0, 1, 0}; public Direction(int xSpeed, int zSpeed){ this.xSpeed = new CircularList(dirSquare, xSpeed); this.zSpeed = new CircularList(dirSquare, zSpeed); } public Direction(Point dirs){ this(dirs.x, dirs.y); } public void shiftLeft(){ xSpeed.shiftLeft(); zSpeed.shiftRight(); } public void shiftRight(){ xSpeed.shiftRight(); zSpeed.shiftLeft(); } public int getXSpeed(){ return this.xSpeed.currentValue(); } public int getZSpeed(){ return this.zSpeed.currentValue(); } } Now lets say i have an instance of Direction: Direction dir = new Direction(0, 0); As you can see in the code of Direction, the arguments fed to the constructor, are passed directly to some other class. One cannot be sure if they stay the same because methods shiftRight() and shiftLeft could have been called, which changes thos numbers. My question is, how do i create a completely new instance of Direction, that is basically copy(not by reference) of dir? The only way i see it, is to create public methods in both CircularList(i can post the code of this class, but its not relevant) and Direction that return the variables needed to create a copy of the instance, but this solution seems really dirty since those numbers are not supposed to be touched after beeing fed to the constructor, and therefore they are private.

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