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• multi user web game with scheduled processing?

  - by Rooq

  I have an idea for a game which I am in the process of designing, but I am struggling to establish if the way I plan to implement it is possible. The game is a text based sports management simulation. This will require players to take certain actions through a web browser which will interact with a database - adding/updating and selecting. Most of the code required to be executed at this point will be fairly straightforward. The main processing will take place by applications which are scheduled to run on the server at certain times. These apps will process transactions added by the players and also perform some automatic processing based on the game date. My plan was to use an SQL server database (at last count I require about 20 tables) and VB.net for all the coding (coming from a mainframe programming background this language is the simplist for me to get to grips with). I will also need a scheduling tool on the server. Can anyone tell me if what I am planning is feasible before I dive into the actual coding stage of my project?

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• Building a Flash Platformer

  - by Jonathan O

  I am basically making a game where the whole game is run in the onEnterFrame method. This is causing a delay in my code that makes debugging and testing difficult. Should programming an entire platformer in this method be efficient enough for me to run hundreds of lines of code? Also, do variables in flash get updated immediately? Are there just lots of threads listening at the same time? Here is the code... stage.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnter); function onEnter(e:Event):void { //Jumping if (Yoshi.y > groundBaseLevel) { dy = 0; canJump = true; onGround = true; //This line is not updated in time } if (Key.isDown(Key.UP) && canJump) { dy = -10; canJump = false; onGround = false; //This line is not updated in time } if(!onGround) { dy += gravity; Yoshi.y += dy; } //limit screen boundaries //character movement if (! Yoshi.hitTestObject(Platform)) //no collision detected { if (Key.isDown(Key.RIGHT)) { speed += 4; speed *= friction; Yoshi.x = Yoshi.x + movementIncrement + speed; Yoshi.scaleX = 1; Yoshi.gotoAndStop('Walking'); } else if (Key.isDown(Key.LEFT)) { speed -= 4; speed *= friction; Yoshi.x = Yoshi.x - movementIncrement + speed; Yoshi.scaleX = -1; Yoshi.gotoAndStop('Walking'); } else { speed *= friction; Yoshi.x = Yoshi.x + speed; Yoshi.gotoAndStop('Still'); } } else //bounce back collision detected { if(Yoshi.hitTestPoint(Platform.x - Platform.width/2, Platform.y - Platform.height/2, false)) { trace('collision left'); Yoshi.x -=20; } if(Yoshi.hitTestPoint(Platform.x, Platform.y - Platform.height/2, false)) { trace('collision top'); onGround=true; //This update is not happening in time speed = 0; } } }

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• Getting a sphere to roll down a .FBX object Unity3D/C#

  - by Timothy Williams

  I'm working on a little ramp and ball game in Unity, I modeled the ramp outside Unity and exported it to a .FBX file, then I imported the ramp in to Unity. I set up the ball and ramp, both have Rigidbodies, Ramp is set to isKinematic = true, yet when I play the game the ball just falls right through the ramp and hits the floor below it fine. So it's something wrong with the ramp. Am I doing something wrong? Are .FBX files unable to apply physics? Thanks, Tim.

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• Different Style Technique

  - by Muhammad Iqbal Dwi Cahyo

  I'm newbie here.. Please anyone knows, to create a character that his/her Style Tech is had a different kind of movement... I wanna make my character 2d his/her power technique like rasengan, I mean first the ball its just spining around and then going bigger and much more bigger so blow up if it touch his/her opponent? How the coding is, and what I've must do? Please your guide, thank's a lot... ^_^

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• emo-framework in android move on collision of sprites with physics

  - by KaHeL

  I'm developing my first ever game for Android where I'm still learning about using of framework. To begin I made two sprites of ball where one ball is movable by dragging and another one is just standing on it's place on load. Now I've already added the collision listener for both sprites and as tested it's working properly. Now what I need to learn is on how can I add physics on both sprites where when they collide the standing sprite will move based on the physics and bounce around the screen. It would be best if you teach it to me step by step since I'm a little slow on this. Here's my nut so far: local stage = emo.Stage(); class Okay_1 { sprite = null; spriteok = null; dragStart = false; angle = 0; // Called when the stage is loaded function onLoad() { print("Level_1 is loaded!"); // Create new sprite and load 'f1.png' sprite = emo.Sprite("f1.png"); sprite.moveCenter(stage.getWindowWidth() * 0.5, stage.getWindowHeight() * 0.5); sprite.load(); spriteok = emo.Sprite("okay.png") spriteok.setWidth(100); spriteok.setHeight(100); spriteok.load(); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (spriteok.contains(100, 100)) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (spriteok.collidesWith(sprite)) { print("collides!"); } } function onMotionEvent(ev) { if (ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) { // Moves the sprite at the position of motion event angle = sprite.getAngle(); sprite.remove(); sprite = emo.Sprite("f2.png"); sprite.load(); sprite.rotate(angle); sprite.moveCenter(ev.getX(), ev.getY()); sprite.rotate(sprite.getAngle()+10); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (sprite.contains(sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight())) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (sprite.collidesWith(spriteok)) { print("collides!"); } dragStart = true; }else if (ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE) { if (dragStart) { // Moves the sprite at the position of motion event sprite.moveCenter(ev.getX(), ev.getY()); sprite.rotate(sprite.getAngle()+10); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (sprite.contains(sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight())) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (sprite.collidesWith(spriteok)) { print("collides!"); } } }else if (ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP || ev.getAction() == MOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) { if (dragStart) { // change block color to red dragStart = false; angle = sprite.getAngle(); sprite.remove(); sprite = emo.Sprite("f1.png"); sprite.load(); sprite.moveCenter(ev.getX(), ev.getY()); sprite.rotate(angle); // Check if the coordinate (X=100, Y=100) is inside the sprite if (sprite.contains(sprite.getWidth(), sprite.getHeight())) { print("contains!"); } // Does the sprite collides with the other sprite? if (sprite.collidesWith(spriteok)) { print("collides!"); } } } } // Called when the stage is disposed function onDispose() { sprite.remove(); // Remove the sprite print("Level_1 is disposed!"); } } function emo::onLoad() { emo.Stage().load(Okay_1()); }

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• Constant game speed independent of variable FPS in OpenGL with GLUT?

  - by Nazgulled

  I've been reading Koen Witters detailed article about different game loop solutions but I'm having some problems implementing the last one with GLUT, which is the recommended one. After reading a couple of articles, tutorials and code from other people on how to achieve a constant game speed, I think that what I currently have implemented (I'll post the code below) is what Koen Witters called Game Speed dependent on Variable FPS, the second on his article. First, through my searching experience, there's a couple of people that probably have the knowledge to help out on this but don't know what GLUT is and I'm going to try and explain (feel free to correct me) the relevant functions for my problem of this OpenGL toolkit. Skip this section if you know what GLUT is and how to play with it. GLUT Toolkit: GLUT is an OpenGL toolkit and helps with common tasks in OpenGL. The glutDisplayFunc(renderScene) takes a pointer to a renderScene() function callback, which will be responsible for rendering everything. The renderScene() function will only be called once after the callback registration. The glutTimerFunc(TIMER_MILLISECONDS, processAnimationTimer, 0) takes the number of milliseconds to pass before calling the callback processAnimationTimer(). The last argument is just a value to pass to the timer callback. The processAnimationTimer() will not be called each TIMER_MILLISECONDS but just once. The glutPostRedisplay() function requests GLUT to render a new frame so we need call this every time we change something in the scene. The glutIdleFunc(renderScene) could be used to register a callback to renderScene() (this does not make glutDisplayFunc() irrelevant) but this function should be avoided because the idle callback is continuously called when events are not being received, increasing the CPU load. The glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME) function returns the number of milliseconds since glutInit was called (or first call to glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME)). That's the timer we have with GLUT. I know there are better alternatives for high resolution timers, but let's keep with this one for now. I think this is enough information on how GLUT renders frames so people that didn't know about it could also pitch in this question to try and help if they fell like it. Current Implementation: Now, I'm not sure I have correctly implemented the second solution proposed by Koen, Game Speed dependent on Variable FPS. The relevant code for that goes like this: #define TICKS_PER_SECOND 30 #define MOVEMENT_SPEED 2.0f const int TIMER_MILLISECONDS = 1000 / TICKS_PER_SECOND; int previousTime; int currentTime; int elapsedTime; void renderScene(void) { (...) // Setup the camera position and looking point SceneCamera.LookAt(); // Do all drawing below... (...) } void processAnimationTimer(int value) { // setups the timer to be called again glutTimerFunc(TIMER_MILLISECONDS, processAnimationTimer, 0); // Get the time when the previous frame was rendered previousTime = currentTime; // Get the current time (in milliseconds) and calculate the elapsed time currentTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME); elapsedTime = currentTime - previousTime; /* Multiply the camera direction vector by constant speed then by the elapsed time (in seconds) and then move the camera */ SceneCamera.Move(cameraDirection * MOVEMENT_SPEED * (elapsedTime / 1000.0f)); // Requests to render a new frame (this will call my renderScene() once) glutPostRedisplay(); } void main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); (...) glutDisplayFunc(renderScene); (...) // Setup the timer to be called one first time glutTimerFunc(TIMER_MILLISECONDS, processAnimationTimer, 0); // Read the current time since glutInit was called currentTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME); glutMainLoop(); } This implementation doesn't fell right. It works in the sense that helps the game speed to be constant dependent on the FPS. So that moving from point A to point B takes the same time no matter the high/low framerate. However, I believe I'm limiting the game framerate with this approach. Each frame will only be rendered when the time callback is called, that means the framerate will be roughly around TICKS_PER_SECOND frames per second. This doesn't feel right, you shouldn't limit your powerful hardware, it's wrong. It's my understanding though, that I still need to calculate the elapsedTime. Just because I'm telling GLUT to call the timer callback every TIMER_MILLISECONDS, it doesn't mean it will always do that on time. I'm not sure how can I fix this and to be completely honest, I have no idea what is the game loop in GLUT, you know, the while( game_is_running ) loop in Koen's article. But it's my understanding that GLUT is event-driven and that game loop starts when I call glutMainLoop() (which never returns), yes? I thought I could register an idle callback with glutIdleFunc() and use that as replacement of glutTimerFunc(), only rendering when necessary (instead of all the time as usual) but when I tested this with an empty callback (like void gameLoop() {}) and it was basically doing nothing, only a black screen, the CPU spiked to 25% and remained there until I killed the game and it went back to normal. So I don't think that's the path to follow. Using glutTimerFunc() is definitely not a good approach to perform all movements/animations based on that, as I'm limiting my game to a constant FPS, not cool. Or maybe I'm using it wrong and my implementation is not right? How exactly can I have a constant game speed with variable FPS? More exactly, how do I correctly implement Koen's Constant Game Speed with Maximum FPS solution (the fourth one on his article) with GLUT? Maybe this is not possible at all with GLUT? If not, what are my alternatives? What is the best approach to this problem (constant game speed) with GLUT? I originally posted this question on Stack Overflow before being pointed out about this site. The following is a different approach I tried after creating the question in SO, so I'm posting it here too. Another Approach: I've been experimenting and here's what I was able to achieve now. Instead of calculating the elapsed time on a timed function (which limits my game's framerate) I'm now doing it in renderScene(). Whenever changes to the scene happen I call glutPostRedisplay() (ie: camera moving, some object animation, etc...) which will make a call to renderScene(). I can use the elapsed time in this function to move my camera for instance. My code has now turned into this: int previousTime; int currentTime; int elapsedTime; void renderScene(void) { (...) // Setup the camera position and looking point SceneCamera.LookAt(); // Do all drawing below... (...) } void renderScene(void) { (...) // Get the time when the previous frame was rendered previousTime = currentTime; // Get the current time (in milliseconds) and calculate the elapsed time currentTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME); elapsedTime = currentTime - previousTime; /* Multiply the camera direction vector by constant speed then by the elapsed time (in seconds) and then move the camera */ SceneCamera.Move(cameraDirection * MOVEMENT_SPEED * (elapsedTime / 1000.0f)); // Setup the camera position and looking point SceneCamera.LookAt(); // All drawing code goes inside this function drawCompleteScene(); glutSwapBuffers(); /* Redraw the frame ONLY if the user is moving the camera (similar code will be needed to redraw the frame for other events) */ if(!IsTupleEmpty(cameraDirection)) { glutPostRedisplay(); } } void main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); (...) glutDisplayFunc(renderScene); (...) currentTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME); glutMainLoop(); } Conclusion, it's working, or so it seems. If I don't move the camera, the CPU usage is low, nothing is being rendered (for testing purposes I only have a grid extending for 4000.0f, while zFar is set to 1000.0f). When I start moving the camera the scene starts redrawing itself. If I keep pressing the move keys, the CPU usage will increase; this is normal behavior. It drops back when I stop moving. Unless I'm missing something, it seems like a good approach for now. I did find this interesting article on iDevGames and this implementation is probably affected by the problem described on that article. What's your thoughts on that? Please note that I'm just doing this for fun, I have no intentions of creating some game to distribute or something like that, not in the near future at least. If I did, I would probably go with something else besides GLUT. But since I'm using GLUT, and other than the problem described on iDevGames, do you think this latest implementation is sufficient for GLUT? The only real issue I can think of right now is that I'll need to keep calling glutPostRedisplay() every time the scene changes something and keep calling it until there's nothing new to redraw. A little complexity added to the code for a better cause, I think. What do you think?

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• Convert vector interpolation to quaternion interpolation? (Catmull-Rom)

  - by edA-qa mort-ora-y

  I have some existing code which does catmull-rom interpolation on two vectors (facing and up). I'm converting this to use quaternions instead (to replace the two vectors). Is there a general way to convert the vector based interpolation to a quaternion one? The approach I'm using now is to exact the axis and angle from the quanternion. I then interpolate each of those independently and convert back to a quaternion. Is there a more direct method?

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• Powder games: how do they work?

  - by Marc Müller

  Hey guys, I recently found these two gems: http://powdertoy.co.uk/ http://dan-ball.jp/en/javagame/dust/ My question is: How are the physics with so many elements efficiently handled? Am I just severely underestimating modern computing power or is it possible to 'just' have a two-dimensional array, each cell of which describes what is placed at the according position and simulate each cell in every step. Or are there more complex things being done like summarising large areas of the same kind into a single data set and separating said set as needed? Are there any open-source games like this I could look at?

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• Collision detection when pathfinding with pathnodes, UDK

  - by Dave Voyles

  I'm trying to create a class that allows my AIController to path find using pathnodes (NOT NavMeshes). It's doing a swell job of going from point to point in a set order (although I would like for it to be a random patrol at some point), but it gets caught up on collision from time to time. I.E. He'll walk the same set path, and when he runs into the blocks in the middle of the map he continues to rub against them until they finish, and continues on his merry way to the next path node. How can I prevent this from happening, or at least have him move from the wall if he does a trace and detects that it is there? It looks like I need to use MoveToward() instead of MoveTo(), as MoveToward allows the pawn to adjust its course during movement. I'm just not sure of how to use those paramters. Mougli has a decent tutorial on it[/URL], but I can't seem to get it to work correctly with my pathnode array. class PathfindingAIController extends UDKBot; var array Waypoints; var int _PathNode; //declare it at the start so you can use it throughout the script var int CloseEnough; simulated function PostBeginPlay() { local PathNode Current; super.PostBeginPlay(); //add the pathnodes to the array foreach WorldInfo.AllActors(class'Pathnode',Current) { Waypoints.AddItem( Current ); } } simulated function Tick(float DeltaTime) { local int Distance; local Rotator DesiredRotation; super.Tick(DeltaTime); if (Pawn != None) { // Smoothly rotate the pawn towards the focal point DesiredRotation = Rotator(GetFocalPoint() - Pawn.Location); Pawn.FaceRotation(RLerp(Pawn.Rotation, DesiredRotation, 3.125f * DeltaTime, true), DeltaTime); } Distance = VSize2D(Pawn.Location - Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); if (Distance <= CloseEnough) { _PathNode++; } if (_PathNode >= Waypoints.Length) { _PathNode = 0; } GoToState('Pathfinding'); } auto state Pathfinding { Begin: if (Waypoints[_PathNode] != None) // make sure there is a pathnode to move to { MoveTo(Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); //move to it `log("STATE: Pathfinding"); } } DefaultProperties { CloseEnough=400 bIsplayer = True }

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• Why do my 512x512 bitmaps look jaggy on Android OpenGL?

  - by Milo Mordaunt

  This is sort of driving me nuts, I've googled and googled and tried everything I can think of, but my sprites still look super blurry and super jaggy. Example: Here: https://docs.google.com/open?id=0Bx9Gbwnv9Hd2TmpiZkFycUNmRTA If you click through to the actual full size image you should see what I mean, it's like it's taking and average of every 5*5 pixels or something, the background looks really blurry and blocky, but the ball is the worst. The clouds look all right for some reason, probably because they're mostly transparent. I know the pngs aren't top notch themselves but hey, I'm no artist! I would imagine it's a problem with either: a. How the pngs are made example sprite (512x512): https://docs.google.com/open?id=0Bx9Gbwnv9Hd2a2RRQlJiQTFJUEE b. How my Matrices work This is the relevant parts of the renderer: public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) { if(world != null) { dt = System.currentTimeMillis() - endTime; world.update( (float) dt); // Redraw background color GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); Matrix.setIdentityM(mvMatrix, 0); Matrix.translateM(mvMatrix, 0, 0f, 0f, 0f); world.draw(mvMatrix, mProjMatrix); endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); } else { Log.d(TAG, "There is no world...."); } } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) { GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, 0, width /2, 0, height /2, -1.f, 1.f); } And this is what each Quad does when draw is called: public void draw(float[] mvMatrix, float[] pMatrix) { Matrix.setIdentityM(mMatrix, 0); Matrix.setIdentityM(mvMatrix, 0); Matrix.translateM(mMatrix, 0, xPos, yPos, 0.f); Matrix.multiplyMM(mvMatrix, 0, mvMatrix, 0, mMatrix, 0); Matrix.scaleM(mvMatrix, 0, scale, scale, 0f); Matrix.rotateM(mvMatrix, 0, angle, 0f, 0f, -1f); GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); posAttr = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition"); texAttr = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTexCo"); uSampler = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uSampler"); int alphaHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "alpha"); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(posAttr, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, vertexBuffer); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(texAttr, 2, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, texCoBuffer); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(posAttr); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(texAttr); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); GLES20.glUniform1i(uSampler, 0); GLES20.glUniform1f(alphaHandle, alpha); mMVMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVMatrix"); mPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uPMatrix"); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvMatrix, 0); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mPMatrixHandle, 1, false, pMatrix, 0); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indicesBuffer); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(posAttr); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(texAttr); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); } c. How my texture loading/blending/shaders setup works Here is the renderer setup: public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) { // Set the background frame color GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); GLES20.glDisable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST); GLES20.glDepthMask(false); GLES20.glBlendFunc(GLES20.GL_ONE, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_BLEND); GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DITHER); } Here is the vertex shader: attribute vec4 vPosition; attribute vec2 aTexCo; varying vec2 vTexCo; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; void main() { gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vPosition; vTexCo = aTexCo; } And here's the fragment shader: precision mediump float; uniform sampler2D uSampler; uniform vec4 vColor; varying vec2 vTexCo; varying float alpha; void main() { vec4 color = texture2D(uSampler, vec2(vTexCo)); gl_FragColor = color; if(gl_FragColor.a == 0.0) { "discard; } } This is how textures are loaded: private int loadTexture(int rescource) { int[] texture = new int[1]; BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options(); opts.inScaled = false; Bitmap temp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), rescource, opts); GLES20.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLUtils.texImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, temp, 0); GLES20.glGenerateMipmap(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); temp.recycle(); return texture[0]; } I'm sure I'm doing about 20,000 things wrong, so I'm really sorry if the problem is blindingly obvious... The test device is a Galaxy Note, running a JellyBean custom ROM, if that matters at all. So the screen resolution is 1280x800, which means... The background is 1024x1024, so yeah it might be a little blurry, but shouldn't be made of lego. Thank you so much, any answer at all would be appreciated.

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• Entity component system -> handling components that depend on one another

  - by jtedit

  I really like the idea of an entity component system and feel it has great flexibility, but have a question. How should dependent components be handled? I'm not talking about how components should communicate with other components they depend on, I have that sorted, but rather how to ensure components are present. For example, an entity cannot have a "velocity" component if it doesn't have a "position" component, in the same way it cant have an "acceleration" component if it doesn't have a "velocity" component. My first idea was every component class overrides an "onAddedToEntity(Entity ent)" function. Then in that function it checks that prerequisite components are also added to the entity, eg: struct EntCompVelocity() : public EntityComponent{ //member variables here void onAddedToEntity(Entity ent){ if(!ent.hasComponent(EntCompPosition::Id)){ ent.addComponent(new EntCompPosition()); } } } This has the nice property that if the acceleration component adds the velocity component, the velocity component will itself add the position component to the entity so dependency "trees" will sort themselves out. However my concern is if I do this components will silently be added with default values and, in the example of adding position, many entities will appear at the origin. Another idea was to simple have the "Entity.addComponent();" function return false if the component's prerequisite components aren't already on the entity, this would force you to manually add the position component and set its value before adding the velocity component. Finally I could simply not ensure a components prerequisite components are added, the "UpdatePosition" system only deals with entities with both a position and velocity component, so therefore adding a velocity component without having a position component wont be a problem (it wont cause crashes due to null pointer/etc), but it does mean entities will carry useless unused data if you add components but not their prerequisite components. Does anyone have experience with this problem and/or any of these methods to solve it? How did you solve the problem?

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• Animating Tile with Blitting taking up Memory.

  - by Kid

  I am trying to animate a specific tile in my 2d Array, using blitting. The animation consists of three different 16x16 sprites in a tilesheet. Now that works perfect with the code below. BUT it's causing memory leakage. Every second the FlashPlayer is taking up +140 kb more in memory. What part of the following code could possibly cause the leak: //The variable Rectangle finds where on the 2d array we should clear the pixels //Fillrect follows up by setting alpha 0 at that spot before we copy in nxt Sprite //Tiletype is a variable that holds what kind of tile the next tile in animation is //(from tileSheet) //drawTile() gets Sprite from tilesheet and copyPixels it into right position on canvas public function animateSprite():void{ tileGround.bitmapData.lock(); if(anmArray[0].tileType > 42){ anmArray[0].tileType = 40; frameCount = 0; } var rect:Rectangle = new Rectangle(anmArray[0].xtile * ts, anmArray[0].ytile * ts, ts, ts); tileGround.bitmapData.fillRect(rect, 0); anmArray[0].tileType = 40 + frameCount; drawTile(anmArray[0].tileType, anmArray[0].xtile, anmArray[0].ytile); frameCount++; tileGround.bitmapData.unlock(); } public function drawTile(spriteType:int, xt:int, yt:int):void{ var tileSprite:Bitmap = getImageFromSheet(spriteType, ts); var rec:Rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, ts, ts); var pt:Point = new Point(xt * ts, yt * ts); tileGround.bitmapData.copyPixels(tileSprite.bitmapData, rec, pt, null, null, true); } public function getImageFromSheet(spriteType:int, size:int):Bitmap{ var sheetColumns:int = tSheet.width/ts; var col:int = spriteType % sheetColumns; var row:int = Math.floor(spriteType/sheetColumns); var rec:Rectangle = new Rectangle(col * ts, row * ts, size, size); var pt:Point = new Point(0,0); var correctTile:Bitmap = new Bitmap(new BitmapData(size, size, false, 0)); correctTile.bitmapData.copyPixels(tSheet, rec, pt, null, null, true); return correctTile; }

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• Creating a new instance, C#

  - by Dave Voyles

  This sounds like a very n00b question, but bear with me here: I'm trying to access the position of my bat (paddle) in my pong game and use it in my ball class. I'm doing this because I want a particle effect to go off at the point of contact where the ball hits the bat. Each time the ball hits the bat, I receive an error stating that I haven't created an instance of the bat. I understand that I have to (or can use a static class), but I'm not sure of how to do so in this example. I've included both my Bat and Ball classes. namespace Pong { #region Using Statements using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; #endregion public class Ball { #region Fields private readonly Random rand; private readonly Texture2D texture; private readonly SoundEffect warp; private double direction; private bool isVisible; private float moveSpeed; private Vector2 position; private Vector2 resetPos; private Rectangle size; private float speed; private bool isResetting; private bool collided; private Vector2 oldPos; private ParticleEngine particleEngine; private ContentManager contentManager; private SpriteBatch spriteBatch; private bool hasHitBat; private AIBat aiBat; private Bat bat; #endregion #region Constructors and Destructors /// <summary> /// Constructor for the ball /// </summary> public Ball(ContentManager contentManager, Vector2 ScreenSize) { moveSpeed = 15f; speed = 0; texture = contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/balls/redBall"); direction = 0; size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height); resetPos = new Vector2(ScreenSize.X / 2, ScreenSize.Y / 2); position = resetPos; rand = new Random(); isVisible = true; hasHitBat = false; // Everything to do with particles List<Texture2D> textures = new List<Texture2D>(); textures.Add(contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/particle/circle")); textures.Add(contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/particle/star")); textures.Add(contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/particle/diamond")); particleEngine = new ParticleEngine(textures, new Vector2()); } #endregion #region Public Methods and Operators /// <summary> /// Checks for the collision between the bat and the ball. Sends ball in the appropriate /// direction /// </summary> public void BatHit(int block) { if (direction > Math.PI * 1.5f || direction < Math.PI * 0.5f) { hasHitBat = true; particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(aiBat.Position.X, aiBat.Position.Y); switch (block) { case 1: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(200); break; case 2: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(195); break; case 3: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(180); break; case 4: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(180); break; case 5: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(165); break; } } else { hasHitBat = true; particleEngine.EmitterLocation = new Vector2(bat.Position.X, bat.Position.Y); switch (block) { case 1: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(310); break; case 2: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(345); break; case 3: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(0); break; case 4: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(15); break; case 5: direction = MathHelper.ToRadians(50); break; } } if (rand.Next(2) == 0) { direction += MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(3)); } else { direction -= MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(3)); } AudioManager.Instance.PlaySoundEffect("hit"); } /// <summary> /// JEP - added method to slow down ball after powerup deactivates /// </summary> public void DecreaseSpeed() { moveSpeed -= 0.6f; } /// <summary> /// Draws the ball on the screen /// </summary> public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { if (isVisible) { spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(texture, size, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); // Draws sprites for particles when contact is made particleEngine.Draw(spriteBatch); } } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current direction of the ball /// </summary> public double GetDirection() { return direction; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current position of the ball /// </summary> public Vector2 GetPosition() { return position; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current size of the ball (for the powerups) /// </summary> public Rectangle GetSize() { return size; } /// <summary> /// Grows the size of the ball when the GrowBall powerup is used. /// </summary> public void GrowBall() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width * 2, texture.Height * 2); } /// <summary> /// Was used to increased the speed of the ball after each point is scored. /// No longer used, but am considering implementing again. /// </summary> public void IncreaseSpeed() { moveSpeed += 0.6f; } /// <summary> /// Check for the ball to return normal size after the Powerup has expired /// </summary> public void NormalBallSize() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width, texture.Height); } /// <summary> /// Check for the ball to return normal speed after the Powerup has expired /// </summary> public void NormalSpeed() { moveSpeed += 15f; } /// <summary> /// Checks to see if ball went out of bounds, and triggers warp sfx /// </summary> public void OutOfBounds() { // Checks if the player is still alive or not if (isResetting) { AudioManager.Instance.PlaySoundEffect("warp"); { // Used to stop the the issue where the ball hit sfx kept going off when detecting collison isResetting = false; AudioManager.Instance.Dispose(); } } } /// <summary> /// Speed for the ball when Speedball powerup is activated /// </summary> public void PowerupSpeed() { moveSpeed += 20.0f; } /// <summary> /// Check for where to reset the ball after each point is scored /// </summary> public void Reset(bool left) { if (left) { direction = 0; } else { direction = Math.PI; } // Used to stop the the issue where the ball hit sfx kept going off when detecting collison isResetting = true; position = resetPos; // Resets the ball to the center of the screen isVisible = true; speed = 15f; // Returns the ball back to the default speed, in case the speedBall was active if (rand.Next(2) == 0) { direction += MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(30)); } else { direction -= MathHelper.ToRadians(rand.Next(30)); } } /// <summary> /// Shrinks the ball when the ShrinkBall powerup is activated /// </summary> public void ShrinkBall() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, texture.Width / 2, texture.Height / 2); } /// <summary> /// Stops the ball each time it is reset. Ex: Between points / rounds /// </summary> public void Stop() { isVisible = true; speed = 0; } /// <summary> /// Updates position of the ball /// </summary> public void UpdatePosition() { size.X = (int)position.X; size.Y = (int)position.Y; oldPos.X = position.X; oldPos.Y = position.Y; position.X += speed * (float)Math.Cos(direction); position.Y += speed * (float)Math.Sin(direction); bool collided = CheckWallHit(); particleEngine.Update(); // Stops the issue where ball was oscillating on the ceiling or floor if (collided) { position.X = oldPos.X + speed * (float)Math.Cos(direction); position.Y = oldPos.Y + speed * (float)Math.Sin(direction); } } #endregion #region Methods /// <summary> /// Checks for collision with the ceiling or floor. 2*Math.pi = 360 degrees /// </summary> private bool CheckWallHit() { while (direction > 2 * Math.PI) { direction -= 2 * Math.PI; return true; } while (direction < 0) { direction += 2 * Math.PI; return true; } if (position.Y <= 0 || (position.Y > resetPos.Y * 2 - size.Height)) { direction = 2 * Math.PI - direction; return true; } return true; } #endregion } } namespace Pong { using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using System; public class Bat { public Vector2 Position; public float moveSpeed; public Rectangle size; private int points; private int yHeight; private Texture2D leftBat; public float turbo; public float recharge; public float interval; public bool isTurbo; /// <summary> /// Constructor for the bat /// </summary> public Bat(ContentManager contentManager, Vector2 screenSize, bool side) { moveSpeed = 7f; turbo = 15f; recharge = 100f; points = 0; interval = 5f; leftBat = contentManager.Load<Texture2D>(@"gfx/bats/batGrey"); size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width, leftBat.Height); // True means left bat, false means right bat. if (side) Position = new Vector2(30, screenSize.Y / 2 - size.Height / 2); else Position = new Vector2(screenSize.X - 30, screenSize.Y / 2 - size.Height / 2); yHeight = (int)screenSize.Y; } public void IncreaseSpeed() { moveSpeed += .5f; } /// <summary> /// The speed of the bat when Turbo is activated /// </summary> public void Turbo() { moveSpeed += 8.0f; } /// <summary> /// Returns the speed of the bat back to normal after Turbo is deactivated /// </summary> public void DisableTurbo() { moveSpeed = 7.0f; isTurbo = false; } /// <summary> /// Returns the bat to the nrmal size after the Grow/Shrink powerup has expired /// </summary> public void NormalSize() { size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width, leftBat.Height); } /// <summary> /// Checks for the size of the bat /// </summary> public Rectangle GetSize() { return size; } /// <summary> /// Adds point to the player or the AI after scoring. Currently Disabled. /// </summary> public void IncrementPoints() { points++; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the number of points at the moment /// </summary> public int GetPoints() { return points; } /// <summary> /// Sets thedefault starting position for the bats /// </summary> /// <param name="position"></param> public void SetPosition(Vector2 position) { if (position.Y < 0) { position.Y = 0; } if (position.Y > yHeight - size.Height) { position.Y = yHeight - size.Height; } this.Position = position; } /// <summary> /// Checks for the current position of the bat /// </summary> public Vector2 GetPosition() { return Position; } /// <summary> /// Controls the bat moving up the screen /// </summary> public void MoveUp() { SetPosition(Position + new Vector2(0, -moveSpeed)); } /// <summary> /// Controls the bat moving down the screen /// </summary> public void MoveDown() { SetPosition(Position + new Vector2(0, moveSpeed)); } /// <summary> /// Updates the position of the AI bat, in order to track the ball /// </summary> /// <param name="ball"></param> public virtual void UpdatePosition(Ball ball) { size.X = (int)Position.X; size.Y = (int)Position.Y; } /// <summary> /// Resets the bat to the center location after a new game starts /// </summary> public void ResetPosition() { SetPosition(new Vector2(GetPosition().X, yHeight / 2 - size.Height)); } /// <summary> /// Used for the Growbat powerup /// </summary> public void GrowBat() { // Doubles the size of the bat collision size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width * 2, leftBat.Height * 2); } /// <summary> /// Used for the Shrinkbat powerup /// </summary> public void ShrinkBat() { // 1/2 the size of the bat collision size = new Rectangle(0, 0, leftBat.Width / 2, leftBat.Height / 2); } /// <summary> /// Draws the bats /// </summary> public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(leftBat, size, Color.White); } } }

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• Transform between two 3d cartesian coordinate systems

  - by Pris

  I'd like to know how to get the rotation matrix for the transformation from one cartesian coordinate system (X,Y,Z) to another one (X',Y',Z'). Both systems are defined with three orthogonal vectors as one would expect. No scaling or translation occurs. I'm using OpenSceneGraph and it offers a Matrix convenience class, if it makes finding the matrix easier: http://www.openscenegraph.org/documentation/OpenSceneGraphReferenceDocs/a00403.html.

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• SpriteBatch.end() generating null pointer exception

  - by odaymichael

  I am getting a null pointer exception using libGDX that the debugger points as the SpriteBatch.end() line. I was wondering what would cause this. Here is the offending code block, specifically the batch.end() line: batch.begin(); for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) if (zoomgrid[i][j].getPiece().getImage() != null) zoomgrid[i][j].getPiece().getImage().draw(batch); batch.end(); The top of the stack is actually a line that calls lastTexture.bind(); In the flush() method of com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch. I appreciate any input, let me know if I haven't included enough information.

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• How to read BC4 texture in GLSL?

  - by Question

  I'm supposed to receive a texture in BC4 format. In OpenGL, i guess this format is called GL_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1. The texture is not really a "texture", more like a data to handle at fragment shader. Usually, to get colors from a texture within a fragment shader, i do : uniform sampler2D TextureUnit; void main() { vec4 TexColor = texture2D(TextureUnit, vec2(gl_TexCoord[0])); (...) the result of which is obviously a v4, for RGBA. But now, i'm supposed to receive a single float from the read. I'm struggling to understand how this is achieved. Should i still use a texture sampler, and expect the value to be in a specific position (for example, within TexColor.r ?), or should i use something else ?

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• Camera changes view when controller connected

  - by ChocoMan

  I have a weird situation. I have a model set to 0 for X,Y and Z. My camera's position is set to: 0 (X-value, but updates when the model moves around) the model's height + 20f (about the same level as the model's shoulders) 25f (behind the model) Without the controller plugged in, everything looks fine as I want it. But as soon as I plug the controller in, the camera aims to the sky! But when I unplug the controller, the camera is back to what it should be. Does anyone have any insight as to what may cause this from plugging a controller in?

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• Bloom shader makes it impossible to render black?

  - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen

  I am playing around with the bloom shader from the XNA sample page, to do some glow shading. I am rendering primitive vector-ish squares of linelists/linestrips, on a background. However, I am facing a few problems. With a black background and white squares, I can actually see the squares. However, with a white background and black squares, I can't see them at all. Why is this happening, and is there any way of me fixing it? Can I modify my bloom shader to also "glow" dark elements, if that's what is causing it?

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• How to create array with unique sprites? in cocos2d iphone

  - by prakash s

  I write the code like this. This displays only one sprite (red colour bubble) with number of times and moving down, but actually I want to display different sprites (different colour bubble) every time and moving down. I also add no of .png images in resource folder of my project. Here I used only 3.png, but I need to display all *.png images (different colour bubbles) in my project but I don't know how to get this. Please help me Thank you. Here is the code: -(void)addTarget { CCSprite *target = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"3.png" rect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 256, 256)]; CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; int minY = target.contentSize.height/2; int maxY = winSize.height - target.contentSize.height/2; int rangeY = maxY - minY; int actualY = (arc4random() % rangeY) + minY; // Create the target slightly off-screen along the right edge, // and along a random position along the Y axis as calculated above target.position = ccp(winSize.width + (target.contentSize.width/2), actualY); [self addChild:target]; // Determine speed of the target int minDuration = 4.0; int maxDuration = 12.0; int rangeDuration = maxDuration - minDuration; int actualDuration = (arc4random() % rangeDuration) + minDuration; // Create the actions id actionMove = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:actualDuration position:ccp(-target.contentSize.width/2,actualY)]; id actionMoveDone = [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(spriteMoveFinished:)]; [target runAction:[CCSequence actions:actionMove, actionMoveDone, nil]]; // Add to targets array target.tag = 2; [_targets addObject:target]; } -(void)gameLogic:(ccTime)dt { [self addTarget]; } -(id) init { if( (self=[super initWithColor:ccc4(255,255,255,255)] )) { // Enable touch events self.isTouchEnabled = YES; // Initialize arrays _targets = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; _projectiles = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // Get the dimensions of the window for calculation purposes CGSize winSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; [self schedule:@selector(gameLogic:) interval:1.0]; [self schedule:@selector(update:)]; } return self; } - (void)update:(ccTime)dt { NSMutableArray *projectilesToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *projectile in _projectiles) { CGRect projectileRect = CGRectMake(projectile.position.x - (projectile.contentSize.width/2), projectile.position.y - (projectile.contentSize.height/2), projectile.contentSize.width, projectile.contentSize.height); NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake(target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), target.contentSize.width, target.contentSize.height); if (CGRectIntersectsRect(projectileRect, targetRect)) { [targetsToDelete addObject:target]; } } for (CCSprite *target in targetsToDelete) { [_targets removeObject:target]; [self removeChild:target cleanup:YES]; _projectilesDestroyed++; if (_projectilesDestroyed > 30) { //GameOverScene *gameOverScene = [GameOverScene node]; // [gameOverScene.layer.label setString:@"You Win!"]; // [[CCDirector sharedDirector] replaceScene:gameOverScene]; } } if (targetsToDelete.count > 0) { [projectilesToDelete addObject:projectile]; } [targetsToDelete release]; } for (CCSprite *projectile in projectilesToDelete) { [_projectiles removeObject:projectile]; [self removeChild:projectile cleanup:YES]; } [projectilesToDelete release]; }

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• 3DS Max exporting too many vertexes for model

  - by Juan Pablo

  I have a sample model of a cube and a buddha downloaded from internet in 3ds format which I can load correctly into my program and view them without problem, but wanted to try and create my own model. I created a simple box mesh in 3ds max, and exported it as .3ds (Converted to mesh - export as .3ds) When inspecting the .3ds file with a hex viewer, I was expecting to see 8 vertexes and 12 faces declared (as the model I downloaded from internet). But what i found was that it listed 26 vertexes, and 12 faces! And when I try to load that file with my .3ds viewer, my parser isn't detecting the face block (0x4120), which is strange because it worked for other objects downloaded from internet. Do I have to set any special property in order to export a 3ds file with minimum vertexes and a vertex-index list?

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• how to use serial port in UDK using windows DLL and DLLBind directive?

  - by Shayan Abbas

  I want to use serial port in UDK, For that purpose i use a windows DLL and DLLBind directive. I have a thread in windows DLL for serial port data recieve event. My problem is: this thread doesn't work properly. Please Help me. below is my code SerialPortDLL Code: // SerialPortDLL.cpp : Defines the exported functions for the DLL application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "Cport.h" extern "C" { // This is an example of an exported variable //SERIALPORTDLL_API int nSerialPortDLL=0; // This is an example of an exported function. //SERIALPORTDLL_API int fnSerialPortDLL(void) //{ // return 42; //} CPort *sp; __declspec(dllexport) void Open(wchar_t* portName) { sp = new CPort(portName); //MessageBox(0,L"ha ha!!!",L"ha ha",0); //MessageBox(0,portName,L"ha ha",0); } __declspec(dllexport) void Close() { sp->Close(); MessageBox(0,L"ha ha!!!",L"ha ha",0); } __declspec(dllexport) wchar_t *GetData() { return sp->GetData(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetDSR() { return sp->getDSR(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetCTS() { return sp->getCTS(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetRing() { return sp->getRing(); } } CPort class code: #include "stdafx.h" #include "CPort.h" #include "Serial.h" CSerial serial; HANDLE HandleOfThread; LONG lLastError = ERROR_SUCCESS; bool fContinue = true; HANDLE hevtOverlapped; HANDLE hevtStop; OVERLAPPED ov = {0}; //char szBuffer[101] = ""; wchar_t *szBuffer = L""; wchar_t *data = L""; DWORD WINAPI ThreadHandler( LPVOID lpParam ) { // Keep reading data, until an EOF (CTRL-Z) has been received do { MessageBox(0,L"ga ga!!!",L"ga ga",0); //Sleep(10); // Wait for an event lLastError = serial.WaitEvent(&ov); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( " Unable to wait for a COM-port event" ); } // Setup array of handles in which we are interested HANDLE ahWait[2]; ahWait[0] = hevtOverlapped; ahWait[1] = hevtStop; // Wait until something happens switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(sizeof(ahWait)/sizeof(*ahWait),ahWait,FALSE,INFINITE)) { case WAIT_OBJECT_0: { // Save event const CSerial::EEvent eEvent = serial.GetEventType(); // Handle break event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventBreak) { //LOG( " ### BREAK received ###" ); } // Handle CTS event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventCTS) { //LOG( " ### Clear to send %s ###", serial.GetCTS() ? "on":"off" ); } // Handle DSR event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventDSR) { //LOG( " ### Data set ready %s ###", serial.GetDSR() ? "on":"off" ); } // Handle error event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventError) { switch (serial.GetError()) { case CSerial::EErrorBreak: /*LOG( " Break condition" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorFrame: /*LOG( " Framing error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorIOE: /*LOG( " IO device error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorMode: /*LOG( " Unsupported mode" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorOverrun: /*LOG( " Buffer overrun" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorRxOver: /*LOG( " Input buffer overflow" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorParity: /*LOG( " Input parity error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorTxFull: /*LOG( " Output buffer full" );*/ break; default: /*LOG( " Unknown" );*/ break; } } // Handle ring event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRing) { //LOG( " ### RING ###" ); } // Handle RLSD/CD event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRLSD) { //LOG( " ### RLSD/CD %s ###", serial.GetRLSD() ? "on" : "off" ); } // Handle data receive event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRecv) { // Read data, until there is nothing left DWORD dwBytesRead = 0; do { // Read data from the COM-port lLastError = serial.Read(szBuffer,33,&dwBytesRead); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to read from COM-port" ); } if( dwBytesRead == 33 && szBuffer[0]=='$' ) { // Finalize the data, so it is a valid string szBuffer[dwBytesRead] = '\0'; ////LOG( "\n%s\n", szBuffer ); data = szBuffer; } } while (dwBytesRead > 0); } } break; case WAIT_OBJECT_0+1: { // Set the continue bit to false, so we'll exit fContinue = false; } break; default: { // Something went wrong //LOG( "Error while calling WaitForMultipleObjects" ); } break; } } while (fContinue); MessageBox(0,L"kka kk!!!",L"kka ga",0); return 0; } CPort::CPort(wchar_t *portName) { // Attempt to open the serial port (COM2) //lLastError = serial.Open(_T(portName),0,0,true); lLastError = serial.Open(portName,0,0,true); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to open COM-port" ); } // Setup the serial port (115200,8N1, which is the default setting) lLastError = serial.Setup(CSerial::EBaud115200,CSerial::EData8,CSerial::EParNone,CSerial::EStop1); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port setting" ); } // Register only for the receive event lLastError = serial.SetMask(CSerial::EEventBreak | CSerial::EEventCTS | CSerial::EEventDSR | CSerial::EEventError | CSerial::EEventRing | CSerial::EEventRLSD | CSerial::EEventRecv); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port event mask" ); } // Use 'non-blocking' reads, because we don't know how many bytes // will be received. This is normally the most convenient mode // (and also the default mode for reading data). lLastError = serial.SetupReadTimeouts(CSerial::EReadTimeoutNonblocking); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port read timeout" ); } // Create a handle for the overlapped operations hevtOverlapped = ::CreateEvent(0,TRUE,FALSE,0);; if (hevtOverlapped == 0) { //LOG( "Unable to create manual-reset event for overlapped I/O" ); } // Setup the overlapped structure ov.hEvent = hevtOverlapped; // Open the "STOP" handle hevtStop = ::CreateEvent(0,TRUE,FALSE,_T("Overlapped_Stop_Event")); if (hevtStop == 0) { //LOG( "Unable to create manual-reset event for stop event" ); } HandleOfThread = CreateThread( NULL, 0, ThreadHandler, 0, 0, NULL); } CPort::~CPort() { //fContinue = false; //CloseHandle( HandleOfThread ); //serial.Close(); } void CPort::Close() { fContinue = false; CloseHandle( HandleOfThread ); serial.Close(); } wchar_t *CPort::GetData() { return data; } bool CPort::getCTS() { return serial.GetCTS(); } bool CPort::getDSR() { return serial.GetDSR(); } bool CPort::getRing() { return serial.GetRing(); } Unreal Script Code: class MyPlayerController extends GamePlayerController DLLBind(SerialPortDLL); dllimport final function Open(string portName); dllimport final function Close(); dllimport final function string GetData();

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• How can I find a position between 4 vertices in a fragment shader?

  - by c4sh

  I'm creating a shader with SharpDX (DirectX11 in C#) that takes a segment (2 points) from the output of a Vertex Shader and then passes them to a Geometry Shader, which converts this line into a rectangle (4 points) and assigns the four corners a texture coordinate. After that I want a Fragment Shader (which recieves the interpolated position and the interpolated texture coordinates) that checks the depth at the "spine of the rectangle" (that is, in the line that passes through the middle of the rectangle. The problem is I don't know how to extract the position of the corresponding fragment at the spine of the rectangle. This happens because I have the texture coordinates interpolated, but I don't know how to use them to get the fragment I want, because the coordinate system of a) the texture and b) the position of my fragment in screen space are not the same. Thanks a lot for any help.

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• Multiple render targets and gamma correctness in Direct3D9

  - by Mario

  Let's say in a deferred renderer when building your G-Buffer you're going to render texture color, normals, depth and whatever else to your multiple render targets at once. Now if you want to have a gamma-correct rendering pipeline and you use regular sRGB textures as well as rendertargets, you'll need to apply some conversions along the way, because your filtering, sampling and calculations should happen in linear space, not sRGB space. Of course, you could store linear color in your textures and rendertargets, but this might very well introduce bad precision and banding issues. Reading from sRGB textures is easy: just set SRGBTexture = true; in your texture sampler in your HLSL effect code and the hardware does the conversion sRGB-linear for you. Writing to an sRGB rendertarget is theoretically easy, too: just set SRGBWriteEnable = true; in your effect pass in HLSL and your linear colors will be converted to sRGB space automatically. But how does this work with multiple rendertargets? I only want to do these corrections to the color textures and rendertarget, not to the normals, depth, specularity or whatever else I'll be rendering to my G-Buffer. Ok, so I just don't apply SRGBTexture = true; to my non-color textures, but when using SRGBWriteEnable = true; I'll do a gamma correction to all the values I write out to my rendertargets, no matter what I actually store there. I found some info on gamma over at Microsoft: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb173460%28v=vs.85%29.aspx For hardware that supports Multiple Render Targets (Direct3D 9) or Multiple-element Textures (Direct3D 9), only the first render target or element is written. If I understand correctly, SRGBWriteEnable should only be applied to the first rendertarget, but according to my tests it doesn't and is used for all rendertargets instead. Now the only alternative seems to be to handle these corrections manually in my shader and only correct the actual color output, but I'm not totally sure, that this'll not have any negative impact on color correctness. E.g. if the GPU does any blending or filtering or multisampling after the Linear-sRGB conversion... Do I even need gamma correction in this case, if I'm just writing texture color without lighting to my rendertarget? As far as I know, I DO need it because of the texture filtering and mip sampling happening in sRGB space instead, if I don't correct for it. Anyway, it'd be interesting to hear other people's solutions or thoughts about this.

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• How can I fix these errors with Panda3D's sample projects?

  - by lhk

  I just installed the latest Panda3D packages on a Mint 12 32-bit virtual machine. Then I downloaded and configured Eclipse and tried to run the Asteroids sample project. The window is created properly. But after rendering the scence once the game freezes. This happens with the other sample apps, too. Here's the error log: DirectStart: Starting the game. Known pipe types: glxGraphicsPipe (all display modules loaded.) :display:gsg:glgsg(warning): Occlusion queries advertised as supported by OpenGL runtime, but could not get pointers to extension functions. OpenGL Warning: glXChooseFBConfig returning NULL, due to attrib=0x6, next=0xffffffff :display:glxdisplay(warning): No suitable FBConfig contexts available; using XVisual only. depth_bits=16 color_bits=24 alpha_bits=8 stencil_bits=8 accum_bits=64 back_buffers=1 stereo=1 force_hardware=1 AL lib: pulseaudio.c:331: PulseAudio returned minreq > tlength/2; expect break up :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant OpenGL Warning: No pincher, please call crStateSetCurrentPointers() in your SPU :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display(error): Deactivating glxGraphicsStateGuardian. What can I do to fix the problem ?

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• Can one draw a cube using different method/drawing mode?

  - by den-javamaniac

  Hi. I've just started learning gamedev (in particular android EGL based) and have ran over a code from Pro Android Games 2 that looks as follows: /* * Copyright (C) 2007 Google Inc. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package opengl.scenes.cubes; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.ByteOrder; import java.nio.IntBuffer; import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; public class Cube { public Cube(){ int one = 0x10000; int vertices[] = { -one, -one, -one, one, -one, -one, one, one, -one, -one, one, -one, -one, -one, one, one, -one, one, one, one, one, -one, one, one, }; int colors[] = { 0, 0, 0, one, one, 0, 0, one, one, one, 0, one, 0, one, 0, one, 0, 0, one, one, one, 0, one, one, one, one, one, one, 0, one, one, one, }; byte indices[] = { 0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2 }; // Buffers to be passed to gl*Pointer() functions // must be direct, i.e., they must be placed on the // native heap where the garbage collector cannot vbb.asIntBuffer() // move them. // // Buffers with multi-byte datatypes (e.g., short, int, float) // must have their byte order set to native order ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4); vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mVertexBuffer = vbb.asIntBuffer(); mVertexBuffer.put(vertices); mVertexBuffer.position(0); ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4); cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mColorBuffer = cbb.asIntBuffer(); mColorBuffer.put(colors); mColorBuffer.position(0); mIndexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length); mIndexBuffer.put(indices); mIndexBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl) { gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, mVertexBuffer); gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FIXED, 0, mColorBuffer); gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, mIndexBuffer); } private IntBuffer mVertexBuffer; private IntBuffer mColorBuffer; private ByteBuffer mIndexBuffer;} So it suggests to draw a cube using triangles. My question is: can I draw the same cube using GL_TPOLYGON? If so, isn't that an easier/more understandable way to do things?

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