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• HLSL/XNA Ambient light texture mixed up with multi pass lighting

  - by Manu-EPITA

  I've been having some troubles lately with lighting. I have found a source on google which is working pretty good on the example. However, when I try to implement it to my current project, I am getting some very weird bugs. The main one is that my textures are "mixed up" when I only activate the ambient light, which means that a model gets the texture of another one . I am using the same effect for every meshes of my models. I guess this could be the problem, but I don't really know how to "reset" an effect for a new model. Is it possible? Here is my shader: float4x4 WVP; float4x4 WVP; float3x3 World; float3 Ke; float3 Ka; float3 Kd; float3 Ks; float specularPower; float3 globalAmbient; float3 lightColor; float3 eyePosition; float3 lightDirection; float3 lightPosition; float spotPower; texture2D Texture; sampler2D texSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Texture>; MinFilter = anisotropic; MagFilter = anisotropic; MipFilter = linear; MaxAnisotropy = 16; }; struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 Texture : TEXCOORD0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 Texture : TEXCOORD0; float3 PositionO: TEXCOORD1; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; output.Position = mul(input.Position, WVP); output.Normal = input.Normal; output.PositionO = input.Position.xyz; output.Texture = input.Texture; return output; } float4 PSAmbient(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { return float4(Ka*globalAmbient + Ke,1) * tex2D(texSampler,input.Texture); } float4 PSDirectionalLight(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { //Difuze float3 L = normalize(-lightDirection); float diffuseLight = max(dot(input.Normal,L), 0); float3 diffuse = Kd*lightColor*diffuseLight; //Specular float3 V = normalize(eyePosition - input.PositionO); float3 H = normalize(L + V); float specularLight = pow(max(dot(input.Normal,H),0),specularPower); if(diffuseLight<=0) specularLight=0; float3 specular = Ks * lightColor * specularLight; //sum all light components float3 light = diffuse + specular; return float4(light,1) * tex2D(texSampler,input.Texture); } technique MultiPassLight { pass Ambient { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PSAmbient(); } pass Directional { PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 PSDirectionalLight(); } } And here is how I actually apply my effects: public void ApplyLights(ModelMesh mesh, Matrix world, Texture2D modelTexture, Camera camera, Effect effect, GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes["Ambient"].Apply(); foreach (ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts) { graphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(part.VertexBuffer); graphicsDevice.Indices = part.IndexBuffer; // Texturing graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend; if (modelTexture != null) { effect.Parameters["Texture"].SetValue( modelTexture ); } graphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, part.VertexOffset, 0, part.NumVertices, part.StartIndex, part.PrimitiveCount ); // Applying our shader to all the mesh parts effect.Parameters["WVP"].SetValue( world * camera.View * camera.Projection ); effect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(world); effect.Parameters["eyePosition"].SetValue( camera.Position ); graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive; // Drawing lights foreach (DirectionalLight light in DirectionalLights) { effect.Parameters["lightColor"].SetValue(light.Color.ToVector3()); effect.Parameters["lightDirection"].SetValue(light.Direction); // Applying changes and drawing them effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes["Directional"].Apply(); graphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, part.VertexOffset, 0, part.NumVertices, part.StartIndex, part.PrimitiveCount ); } } I am also applying this when loading the effect: effect.Parameters["lightColor"].SetValue(Color.White.ToVector3()); effect.Parameters["globalAmbient"].SetValue(Color.White.ToVector3()); effect.Parameters["Ke"].SetValue(0.0f); effect.Parameters["Ka"].SetValue(0.01f); effect.Parameters["Kd"].SetValue(1.0f); effect.Parameters["Ks"].SetValue(0.3f); effect.Parameters["specularPower"].SetValue(100); Thank you very much UPDATE: I tried to load an effect for each model when drawing, but it doesn't seem to have changed anything. I suppose it is because XNA detects that the effect has already been loaded before and doesn't want to load a new one. Any idea why?

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• TXPAUSE : polite waiting for hardware transactional memory

  - by Dave

  Classic locks are an appropriate tool to prevent potentially conflicting operations A and B, invoked by different threads, from running at the same time. In a sense the locks cause either A to run before B or vice-versa. Similarly, we can replace the locks with hardware transactional memory, or use transactional lock elision to leverage potential disjoint access parallelism between A and B. But often we want A to wait until B has run. In a Pthreads environment we'd usually use locks in conjunction with condition variables to implement our "wait until" constraint. MONITOR-MWAIT is another way to wait for a memory location to change, but it only allows us to track one cache line and it's only available on x86. There's no similar "wait until" construct for hardware transactions. At the instruction-set level a simple way to express "wait until" in transactions would be to add a new TXPAUSE instruction that could be used within an active hardware transaction. TXPAUSE would politely stall the invoking thread, possibly surrendering or yielding compute resources, while at the same time continuing to track the transaction's address-set. Once a transaction has executed TXPAUSE it can only abort. Ideally that'd happen when some other thread modifies a variable that's in the transaction's read-set or write-set. And since we're aborting all writes would be discarded. In a sense this gives us multi-location MWAIT but with much more flexibility. We could also augment the TXPAUSE with a cycle-count bound to cap the time spent stalled. I should note that we can already enter a tight spin loop in a transaction to wait for updates to address-set to cause an abort. Assuming that the implementation monitors the address-set via cache-coherence probes, by waiting in this fashion we actually communicate via the probes, and not via memory values. That is the updating thread signals the waiter via probes instead of by traditional memory values. But TXPAUSE gives us a polite way to spin.

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• (Ogre3D) Using a 3D texture slice as a 2D texture input.

  - by ~mech

  Hello, I am trying to do something with Ogre using 3D textures. I would like to update a 3D-texture by going through it slice-by-slice and recalculating the color values. However, in each step I also need to access the previous slice somehow to read the values. Setting up a slice as a render target is easy, but is it possible to feed such a slice as a 2D-texture input to a shader, or do I need to explicitly copy it into a separate 2D texture? Thanks.

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• Should I use OpenGL or DX11 for my game?

  - by Sundareswaran Senthilvel

  I'm planning to write a game from scratch (a BIG Game, for commercial purpose). I'm aware that there are certain compute libraries like OpenCL, AMD APP SDK, C++ AMP as well as DirectCompute - both from MS (NOT interested in CUDA) are available in the market. I'm planning to write the game from the scratch, which includes the following engines... Physics Engine AI Engine Main Game Engine (... and if anything is missed). I'm aware that, there are some free physics engine libraries in the market. Not sure about free AI engine libraries. I'm bit confused in choosing between the OpenCL, AMD APP SDK, and C++ AMP libraries (as already mentioned i'm NOT interested in CUDA). I want my game to be published in Windows/Android/Mac OSX. It means it should be a cross-platform game. I will be having "one source code" that i'll compile for various platforms like Windows/Android/Mac OSX, and any others if i missed. Note: Since I'm NOT a Java guy, kindly do NOT suggest me the Java Language. For Graphics language should i use OpenGL or DirectX 11? I have heard that OpenGL runs on a single core, and not sure of DirectX 11. Between OpenGL and DirectX which one should i follow? or else, are there any other graphics language that i need to start with? I want to make use of the parallelism in GPU as well as CPU.

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• No MAU required on a T4

  - by jsavit

  Cryptic background One of the powerful features of the T-series servers is its hardware crypto acceleration, which dramatically speeds up the compute intensive algorithms needed to encrypt and decrypt data. Previously, administrators setting up logical domains on older T-series servers had to explicitly assign crypto resources (called "MAU" for historical reasons from the T1 chip that had "modular arithmetic units") to domains that had a significant crypto workload (say, an SSL based web server). This could be an administrative burden, as you had to choose which domains got the crypto units, and issue the appropriate ldm set-mau N mydomain commands. The T4 changes things The T4 is fast. Really fast. Its clock rate and out-of-order (OOO) execution that provides the single-thread performance that T-series machines previously did not have. If you have any preconceptions about T-series performance, or SPARC in general, based on the older servers (which, it must be said, were absolutely outstanding for multi-threaded applications), those assumptions are now obsolete. The T4 provides outstanding. performance for all kinds of workload, as illustrated at https://blogs.oracle.com/bestperf. While we all focused on this (did I mention the T4 is fast?), another feature of the T4 went largely unnoticed: The T4 servers have crypto acceleration "just built in" so administrators no longer have to assign crypto accelerator units to domains - it "just happens". This is way way better since you have crypto everywhere by default without having to manage it like a discrete and limited resource. It's a feature of the processor, like doing an integer add. With T4, there is no management necessary, you just have HW crypto everywhere all the time seamlessly. This change hasn't been widely advertised, and some administrators have wondered why there were unable to assign a MAU to a domain as they did with T2 and T3 machines. The answer is that there is no longer any separate MAU, so you don't have to take any action at all - just leave the default of 0. Summary Besides being much faster than its predecessors, the T4 also integrates hardware crypto acceleration so its seamlessly available to applications, whether domains are being used or not. Administrators no longer have to control how they are allocated - it "just happens"

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• Minimum percentage of free physical memory that Linux require for optimal performance

  - by csoto

  Recently, we have been getting questions about this percentage of free physical memory that OS require for optimal performance, mainly applicable to physical compute nodes. Under normal conditions you may see that at the nodes without any application running the OS take (for example) between 24 and 25 GB of memory. The Linux system reports the free memory in a different way, and most of those 25gbs (of the example) are available for user processes. IE: Mem: 99191652k total, 23785732k used, 75405920k free, 173320k buffers The MOS Doc Id. 233753.1 - "Analyzing Data Provided by '/proc/meminfo'" - explains it (section 4 - "Final Remarks"): Free Memory and Used Memory Estimating the resource usage, especially the memory consumption of processes is by far more complicated than it looks like at a first glance. The philosophy is an unused resource is a wasted resource.The kernel therefore will use as much RAM as it can to cache information from your local and remote filesystems/disks. This builds up over time as reads and writes are done on the system trying to keep the data stored in RAM as relevant as possible to the processes that have been running on your system. If there is free RAM available, more caching will be performed and thus more memory 'consumed'. However this doesn't really count as resource usage, since this cached memory is available in case some other process needs it. The cache is reclaimed, not at the time of process exit (you might start up another process soon that needs the same data), but upon demand. That said, focusing more specifically on the percentage question, apart from this memory that OS takes, how much should be the minimum free memory that must be available every node so that they operate normally? The answer is: As a rule of thumb 80% memory utilization is a good threshold, anything bigger than that should be investigated and remedied.

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• Integrating Amazon EC2 in Java via NetBeans IDE

  - by Geertjan

  Next, having looked at Amazon Associates services and Amazon S3, let's take a look at Amazon EC2, the elastic compute cloud which provides remote computing services. I started by launching an instance of Ubuntu Server 14.04 on Amazon EC2, which looks a bit like this in the on-line AWS Management Console, though I whitened out most of the details: Now that I have at least one running instance available on Amazon EC2, it makes sense to use the services that are integrated into NetBeans IDE:  I created a new application with one class, named "AmazonEC2Demo". Then I dragged the "describeInstances" service that you see above, with the mouse, into the class. Then the IDE automatically created all the other files you see below, i.e., 4 Java classes and one properties file: In the properties file, register the access ID and secret keys. These are read by the other generated Java classes. Signing and authentication are done automatically by the code that is generated, i.e., there's nothing generic you need to do and you can immediately begin working on your domain-specific code. Finally, you're now able to rewrite the code in "AmazonEC2Demo" to connect to Amazon EC2 and obtain information about your running instance: public class AmazonEC2Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { String instanceId1 = "i-something"; RestResponse result; try { result = AmazonEC2Service.describeInstances(instanceId1); System.out.println(result.getDataAsString()); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(AmazonEC2Demo.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } } From the above, you'll receive a chunk of XML with data about the running instance, it's name, status, dates, etc. In other words, you're now ready to integrate Amazon EC2 features directly into the applications you're writing, without very much work to get started. Within about 5 minutes, you're working on your business logic, rather than on the generic code that anyone needs when integrating with Amazon EC2.

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• Mouse Speed in GLUT and OpenGL?

  - by CroCo

  I would like to simulate a point that moves in 2D. The input should be the speed of the mouse, so the new position will be computed as following new_position = old_position + delta_time*mouse_velocity As far as I know in GLUT there is no function to acquire the current speed of the mouse between each frame. What I've done so far to compute the delta_time as following void Display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); static int delta_t, current_t, previous_t; current_t = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME); delta_t = current_t - previous_t; std::cout << delta_t << std::endl; previous_t = current_t; glutSwapBuffers(); } Where should I start from here? (Note: I have to get the speed of the mouse because I'm modeling a system) Edit: Based on the above code, delta_time fluctuates so much 34 19 2 20 1 20 0 16 1 1 10 21 0 13 1 19 34 0 13 0 6 1 14 Why does this happen?

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• What is the recommended MongoDB schema for this quiz-engine scenario?

  - by hughesdan

  I'm working on a quiz engine for learning a foreign language. The engine shows users four images simultaneously and then plays an audio file. The user has to match the audio to the correct image. Below is my MongoDB document structure. Each document consists of an image file reference and an array of references to audio files that match that image. To generate a quiz instance I select four documents at random, show the images and then play one audio file from the four documents at random. The next step in my application development is to decide on the best document schema for storing user guesses. There are several requirements to consider: I need to be able to report statistics at a user level. For example, total correct answers, total guesses, mean accuracy, etc) I need to be able to query images based on the user's learning progress. For example, select 4 documents where guess count is 10 and accuracy is <=0.50. The schema needs to be optimized for fast quiz generation. The schema must not cause future scaling issues vis a vis document size. Assume 1mm users who make an average of 1000 guesses. Given all of this as background information, what would be the recommended schema? For example, would you store each guess in the Image document or perhaps in a User document (not shown) or a new document collection created for logging guesses? Would you recommend logging the raw guess data or would you pre-compute statistics by incrementing counters within the relevant document? Schema for Image Collection: _id "505bcc7a45c978be24000005" date 2012-09-21 02:10:02 UTC imageFileName "BD3E134A-C7B3-4405-9004-ED573DF477FE-29879-0000395CF1091601" random 0.26997075392864645 user "2A8761E4-C13A-470E-A759-91432D61B6AF-25982-0000352D853511AF" audioFiles [ 0 { audioFileName "C3669719-9F0A-4EB5-A791-2C00486665ED-30305-000039A3FDA7DCD2" user "2A8761E4-C13A-470E-A759-91432D61B6AF-25982-0000352D853511AF" audioLanguage "English" date 2012-09-22 01:15:04 UTC } 1 { audioFileName "C3669719-9F0A-4EB5-A791-2C00486665ED-30305-000039A3FDA7DCD2" user "2A8761E4-C13A-470E-A759-91432D61B6AF-25982-0000352D853511AF" audioLanguage "Spanish" date 2012-09-22 01:17:04 UTC } ]

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• New whitepaper: Evolution from the Traditional Data Center to Exalogic: An Operational Perspective

  - by Javier Puerta

  IT organizations are struggling with the need to balance the day-to-day concerns of data center management against the business level requirements to deliver long-term value. This balancing act has proven difficult and inefficient: systems and application management tools are resource intensive and traditional infrastructure management architectures have developed over time on a project by project basis. These traditional management systems consist of multiple tools that require administrators to waste time performing too many steps to handle routine administrative tasks. Operational efficiency and agility in your enterprise are directly linked to the capabilities provided by the management layer across the entire stack, from the application, middleware, operating system, compute, network and storage. Only when this end to end capability is provided will we experience the full benefit of a scalable, efficient, responsive and secure datacenter. Managing Exalogic is substantially less complex and error prone than managing traditional systems built from individually sourced, multi-vendor components because Exalogic is designed to be administered and maintained as a single, integrated system (Figure 1). It is at the forefront of the industry-wide shift away from costly and inferior one-off platforms toward private clouds and Engineered Systems. Read the full whitepaper "Evolution from the Traditional Data Center to Exalogic: An Operational Perspective". Full document is available for download at the Exadata Partner Community Collaborative Workspace (for community members only - if you get an error message, please register for the Community first).

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• New Whitepaper: Evolution from the Traditional Data Center to Exalogic: An Operational Perspective

  - by Javier Puerta

  IT organizations are struggling with the need to balance the day-to-day concerns of data center management against the business level requirements to deliver long-term value. This balancing act has proven difficult and inefficient: systems and application management tools are resource intensive and traditional infrastructure management architectures have developed over time on a project by project basis. These traditional management systems consist of multiple tools that require administrators to waste time performing too many steps to handle routine administrative tasks. Operational efficiency and agility in your enterprise are directly linked to the capabilities provided by the management layer across the entire stack, from the application, middleware, operating system, compute, network and storage. Only when this end to end capability is provided will we experience the full benefit of a scalable, efficient, responsive and secure datacenter. Managing Exalogic is substantially less complex and error prone than managing traditional systems built from individually sourced, multi-vendor components because Exalogic is designed to be administered and maintained as a single, integrated system (Figure 1). It is at the forefront of the industry-wide shift away from costly and inferior one-off platforms toward private clouds and Engineered Systems. Read the full whitepaper "Evolution from the Traditional Data Center to Exalogic: An Operational Perspective". Full document is available for download at the Exadata Partner Community Collaborative Workspace (for community members only - if you get an error message, please register for the Community first).

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• OpenGL index buffer object with additional data

  - by muksie

  I have a large set of lines, which I render from a vertex buffer object using glMultiDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, ...); This works perfectly well. Now I have lots of vertex pairs which I also have to visualize. Every pair consists of two vertices on two different lines, and the distance between the vertices is small. However, I like to have the ability to draw a line between all vertex pairs with a distance less than a certain value. What I like to have is something like a buffer object with the following structure: i1, j1, r1, i2, j2, r2, i3, j3, r3, ... where the i's and j's are indices pointing to vertices and the r's are the distances between those vertices. Thus every vertex pair is stored as a (i, j, r) tuple. Then I like to have a (vertex) shader which only draws the vertex pairs with r < SOME_VALUE as a line. So my question is, what is the best way to achieve this?

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• ACT On' OVCA for Cloud Providers Program Launch Webcast: June 12, 2014 - 9am UKT / 10am CET / 11am EET

  - by Cinzia Mascanzoni

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE We invite you to join the OVCA for Cloud Providers ‘ACT On' program launch at 11am BST / 12noon CET on June 12. · More and more customers realize the value of shifting to a Converged IT Infrastructure, this is why IDC expects this market to grow 40% annually for the next 2 years. · The Oracle Virtual Compute Appliance (OVCA) with attached ZFS storage is the perfect answer to this market trend. By providing rapid application and cloud deployment, OVCA allows customers to cut capital expenditures by up to 50% and deploy key applications up to 7x faster. · For Partners, OVCA supports their journey to consolidation, virtualization and cloud, and allows them to sell higher value services to their customers. The objective of this webcast is to share with you the OVCA value proposition, help you identify the best target partners, and provide you with the Enablement and Demand Generation content and resources. To register and for further details click here /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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• Rectangular Raycasting?

  - by igrad

  If you've ever played The Swapper, you'll have a good idea of what I'm asking about. I need to check for, and isolate, areas of a rectangle that may intersect with either a circle or another rectangle. These selected areas will receive special properties, and the areas will be non-static, since the intersecting shapes themselves will also be dynamic. My first thought was to use raycasting detection, though I've only seen that in use with circles, or even ellipses. I'm curious if there's a method of using raycasting with a more rectangular approach, or if there's a totally different method already in use to accomplish this task. I would like something more exact than checking in large chunks, and since I'm using SDL2 with a logical renderer size of 1920x1080, checking if each pixel is intersecting is out of the question, as it would slow things down past a playable speed. I already have a multi-shape collision function-template in place, and I could use that, though it only checks if sides or corners are intersecting; it does not compute the overlapping area, or even find the circle's secant line, though I can't imagine it would be overly complex to implement. TL;DR: I need to find and isolate areas of a rectangle that may intersect with a circle or another rectangle without checking every single pixel on-screen.

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• moving in the wrong direction

  - by Will

  Solution: To move a unit forward: forward = Quaternion(0,0,0,1) rotation.normalize() # ocassionally ... pos += ((rotation * forward) * rotation.conjugated()).xyz().normalized() * speed I think the trouble stemmed from how the Euclid math library was doing Quaternion*Vector3 multiplication, although I can't see it. I have a vec3 position, a quaternion for rotation and a speed. I compute the player position like this: rot *= Quaternion().rotate_euler(0.,roll_speed,pitch_speed) rot.normalize() pos += rot.conjugated() * Vector3(0.,0.,-speed) However, printing the pos to console, I can see that I only ever seem to travel on the x-axis. When I draw the scene using the rot quaternion to rotate my camera, it shows a proper orientation. What am I doing wrong? Here's an example: You start off with rotation being an identity quaternion: w=1,x=0,y=0,z=0 You move forward; the code correctly decrements the Z You then pitch right over to face the other way; if you spin only 175deg it'll go in right direction; you have to spin past 180deg. It doesn't matter which direction you spin in, up or down, though Your quaternion can then be something like: w=0.1,x=0.1,y=0,z=0 And moving forward, you actually move backward?! (I am using the euclid Python module, but its the same as every other conjulate) The code can be tried online at http://williame.github.com/ludum_dare_24_evolution/ The only key that adjusts the speed is W and S. The arrow keys only adjust the pitch/roll. At first you can fly ok, but after a bit of weaving around you end up getting sucked towards one of the sides. The code is https://github.com/williame/ludum_dare_24_evolution/blob/cbacf61a7159d2c83a2187af5f2015b2dde28687/tiny1web.py#L102

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• Game Development

  - by Sundareswaran Senthilvel

  I'm planning to write a game from scratch (a BIG Game, for commercial purpose). I'm aware that there are certain compute libraries like OpenCL, AMD APP SDK, C++ AMP as well as DirectCompute - both from MS (NOT interested in CUDA) are available in the market. I'm planning to write the game from the scratch, which includes the following engines... 1.Physics Engine 2.AI Engine 3.Main Game Engine (... and if anything is missed). I'm aware that, there are some free physics engine libraries in the market. Not sure about free AI engine libraries. I'm bit confused in choosing between the OpenCL, AMD APP SDK, and C++ AMP libraries (as already mentioned i'm NOT interested in CUDA). I want my game to be published in Windows/Android/Mac OSX. It means it should be a cross-platform game. I will be having "one source code" that i'll compile for various platforms like Windows/Android/Mac OSX, and any others if i missed. Note: Since I'm NOT a Java guy, kindly do NOT suggest me the Java Language. For Graphics language should i use OpenGL or DirectX 11? I have heard that OpenGL runs on a single core, and not sure of DirectX 11. Between OpenGL and DirectX which one should i follow? or else, are there any other graphics language that i need to start with? I want to make use of the parallelism in GPU as well as CPU.

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• Oracle Open World 2012?????

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  Oracle Open World 2012?????: ???.. Oracle OpenWorld 2012 sessions????:Search Content Catalog for Oracle OpenWorld 2012 sessions ?????????session??? Open World 2012??: Larry ??Exadata X3 OOW 2012???Exadata X3,?? X3-2 ?Expansion Rack X3-2?X3-8 Exadata X3????:http://www.oracle.com/us/products/database/exadata/overview/index.html  ORACLE EXADATA Database MACHINE X3-8 sheetORACLE EXADATA Database MACHINE X3-2 sheet Exadata X3-2???????: X3-2?compute db node?????????8?Intel Xeon E5-2690??? ??????????12????16?,???33%????? ???96GB???128GB,????256GB ??????????50% X3-2 cell node??????????????Intel Xeon ??????flash card flash card??????4?,??flash card?????????40%? ???X3-2???22.4TB?flash ,??????flash????????????????????,???10????? CPU???6?,????????Intel Xeon model ????????X2-2??,???600GB???????3TB?????? ??Exadata X3-2?????????,??????????1/4?????,1/8????????????????? Exadata X3-8???????: X3-8???X2-8?????,???X3-8??????????X3-2??,??X3-8?????22.4TB?????? ???CEO??  Engineered to Work Together OOW????? Oracle Open World 2012 ????? Open World 2012 ??:http://www.oracle.com/openworld/index.htmlOpen World 2012 ????:http://www.oracle.com/openworld/register/packages/index.html ??: Sept. 30 – Oct. 4, 2012 9?30?? 10?4? ??:Moscone Center, San Francisco (747 Howard Street, San Francisco, California 94103). ?????Mark Hurd??OOW 2012: How big is oow OOW 2012?????????: Focus On Database Technologies Focus On Real Application Clusters Focus On Exadata Focus On Oracle Database Appliance Focus On Oracle Database Application Development Focus On Oracle Database Security Focus On Big Data Focus On Data Warehousing Focus On High Availability Focus On Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c (and Private Cloud) Focus On Oracle Spatial and Graph Focus On Oracle Database Utilities Focus On Oracle Database Upgrade Focus On Oracle Database Private Cloud Focus On .Net Focus On Oracle Database on Windows Focus On Engineered Systems Focus On Sunday Users Forum

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• Announcing the release of the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 for .NET

  - by ScottGu

  Today we released the v2.1 update of the Windows Azure SDK for .NET.  This is a major refresh of the Windows Azure SDK and it includes some great new features and enhancements. These new capabilities include: Visual Studio 2013 Preview Support: The Windows Azure SDK now supports using the new VS 2013 Preview Visual Studio 2013 VM Image: Windows Azure now has a built-in VM image that you can use to host and develop with VS 2013 in the cloud Visual Studio Server Explorer Enhancements: Redesigned with improved filtering and auto-loading of subscription resources Virtual Machines: Start and Stop VM’s w/suspend billing directly from within Visual Studio Cloud Services: New Emulator Express option with reduced footprint and Run as Normal User support Service Bus: New high availability options, Notification Hub support, Improved VS tooling PowerShell Automation: Lots of new PowerShell commands for automating Web Sites, Cloud Services, VMs and more All of these SDK enhancements are now available to start using immediately and you can download the SDK from the Windows Azure .NET Developer Center.  Visual Studio’s Team Foundation Service (http://tfs.visualstudio.com/) has also been updated to support today’s SDK 2.1 release, and the SDK 2.1 features can now be used with it (including with automated builds + tests). Below are more details on the new features and capabilities released today: Visual Studio 2013 Preview Support Today’s Window Azure SDK 2.1 release adds support for the recent Visual Studio 2013 Preview. The 2.1 SDK also works with Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Studio 2012, and works side by side with the previous Windows Azure SDK 1.8 and 2.0 releases. To install the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 on your local computer, choose the “install the sdk” link from the Windows Azure .NET Developer Center. Then, chose which version of Visual Studio you want to use it with.  Clicking the third link will install the SDK with the latest VS 2013 Preview: If you don’t already have the Visual Studio 2013 Preview installed on your machine, this will also install Visual Studio Express 2013 Preview for Web. Visual Studio 2013 VM Image Hosted in the Cloud One of the requests we’ve heard from several customers has been to have the ability to host Visual Studio within the cloud (avoiding the need to install anything locally on your computer). With today’s SDK update we’ve added a new VM image to the Windows Azure VM Gallery that has Visual Studio Ultimate 2013 Preview, SharePoint 2013, SQL Server 2012 Express and the Windows Azure 2.1 SDK already installed on it.  This provides a really easy way to create a development environment in the cloud with the latest tools. With the recent shutdown and suspend billing feature we shipped on Windows Azure last month, you can spin up the image only when you want to do active development, and then shut down the virtual machine and not have to worry about usage charges while the virtual machine is not in use. You can create your own VS image in the cloud by using the New->Compute->Virtual Machine->From Gallery menu within the Windows Azure Management Portal, and then by selecting the “Visual Studio Ultimate 2013 Preview” template: Visual Studio Server Explorer: Improved Filtering/Management of Subscription Resources With the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 release you’ll notice significant improvements in the Visual Studio Server Explorer. The explorer has been redesigned so that all Windows Azure services are now contained under a single Windows Azure node.  From the top level node you can now manage your Windows Azure credentials, import a subscription file or filter Server Explorer to only show services from particular subscriptions or regions. Note: The Web Sites and Mobile Services nodes will appear outside the Windows Azure Node until the final release of VS 2013. If you have installed the ASP.NET and Web Tools Preview Refresh, though, the Web Sites node will appear inside the Windows Azure node even with the VS 2013 Preview. Once your subscription information is added, Windows Azure services from all your subscriptions are automatically enumerated in the Server Explorer. You no longer need to manually add services to Server Explorer individually. This provides a convenient way of viewing all of your cloud services, storage accounts, service bus namespaces, virtual machines, and web sites from one location: Subscription and Region Filtering Support Using the Windows Azure node in Server Explorer, you can also now filter your Windows Azure services in the Server Explorer by the subscription or region they are in.  If you have multiple subscriptions but need to focus your attention to just a few subscription for some period of time, this a handy way to hide the services from other subscriptions view until they become relevant. You can do the same sort of filtering by region. To enable this, just select “Filter Services” from the context menu on the Windows Azure node: Then choose the subscriptions and/or regions you want to filter by. In the below example, I’ve decided to show services from my pay-as-you-go subscription within the East US region: Visual Studio will then automatically filter the items that show up in the Server Explorer appropriately: With storage accounts and service bus namespaces, you sometimes need to work with services outside your subscription. To accommodate that scenario, those services allow you to attach an external account (from the context menu). You’ll notice that external accounts have a slightly different icon in server explorer to indicate they are from outside your subscription. Other Improvements We’ve also improved the Server Explorer by adding additional properties and actions to the service exposed. You now have access to most of the properties on a cloud service, deployment slot, role or role instance as well as the properties on storage accounts, virtual machines and web sites. Just select the object of interest in Server Explorer and view the properties in the property pane. We also now have full support for creating/deleting/update storage tables, blobs and queues from directly within Server Explorer.  Simply right-click on the appropriate storage account node and you can create them directly within Visual Studio: Virtual Machines: Start/Stop within Visual Studio Virtual Machines now have context menu actions that allow you start, shutdown, restart and delete a Virtual Machine directly within the Visual Studio Server Explorer. The shutdown action enables you to shut down the virtual machine and suspend billing when the VM is not is use, and easily restart it when you need it: This is especially useful in Dev/Test scenarios where you can start a VM – such as a SQL Server – during your development session and then shut it down / suspend billing when you are not developing (and no longer be billed for it). You can also now directly remote desktop into VMs using the “Connect using Remote Desktop” context menu command in VS Server Explorer.  Cloud Services: Emulator Express with Run as Normal User Support You can now launch Visual Studio and run your cloud services locally as a Normal User (without having to elevate to an administrator account) using a new Emulator Express option included as a preview feature with this SDK release.  Emulator Express is a version of the Windows Azure Compute Emulator that runs a restricted mode – one instance per role – and it doesn’t require administrative permissions and uses 40% less resources than the full Windows Azure Emulator. Emulator Express supports both web and worker roles. To run your application locally using the Emulator Express option, simply change the following settings in the Windows Azure project. On the shortcut menu for the Windows Azure project, choose Properties, and then choose the Web tab. Check the setting for IIS (Internet Information Services). Make sure that the option is set to IIS Express, not the full version of IIS. Emulator Express is not compatible with full IIS. On the Web tab, choose the option for Emulator Express. Service Bus: Notification Hubs With the Windows Azure SDK 2.1 release we are adding support for Windows Azure Notification Hubs as part of our official Windows Azure SDK, inside of Microsoft.ServiceBus.dll (previously the Notification Hub functionality was in a preview assembly). You are now able to create, update and delete Notification Hubs programmatically, manage your device registrations, and send push notifications to all your mobile clients across all platforms (Windows Store, Windows Phone 8, iOS, and Android). Learn more about Notification Hubs on MSDN here, or watch the Notification Hubs //BUILD/ presentation here. Service Bus: Paired Namespaces One of the new features included with today’s Windows Azure SDK 2.1 release is support for Service Bus “Paired Namespaces”.  Paired Namespaces enable you to better handle situations where a Service Bus service namespace becomes unavailable (for example: due to connectivity issues or an outage) and you are unable to send or receive messages to the namespace hosting the queue, topic, or subscription. Previously,to handle this scenario you had to manually setup separate namespaces that can act as a backup, then implement manual failover and retry logic which was sometimes tricky to get right. Service Bus now supports Paired Namespaces, which enables you to connect two namespaces together. When you activate the secondary namespace, messages are stored in the secondary queue for delivery to the primary queue at a later time. If the primary container (namespace) becomes unavailable for some reason, automatic failover enables the messages in the secondary queue. For detailed information about paired namespaces and high availability, see the new topic Asynchronous Messaging Patterns and High Availability. Service Bus: Tooling Improvements In this release, the Windows Azure Tools for Visual Studio contain several enhancements and changes to the management of Service Bus messaging entities using Visual Studio’s Server Explorer. The most noticeable change is that the Service Bus node is now integrated into the Windows Azure node, and supports integrated subscription management. Additionally, there has been a change to the code generated by the Windows Azure Worker Role with Service Bus Queue project template. This code now uses an event-driven “message pump” programming model using the QueueClient.OnMessage method. PowerShell: Tons of New Automation Commands Since my last blog post on the previous Windows Azure SDK 2.0 release, we’ve updated Windows Azure PowerShell (which is a separate download) five times. You can find the full change log here. We’ve added new cmdlets in the following areas: China instance and Windows Azure Pack support Environment Configuration VMs Cloud Services Web Sites Storage SQL Azure Service Bus China Instance and Windows Azure Pack We now support the following cmdlets for the China instance and Windows Azure Pack, respectively: China Instance: Web Sites, Service Bus, Storage, Cloud Service, VMs, Network Windows Azure Pack: Web Sites, Service Bus We will have full cmdlet support for these two Windows Azure environments in PowerShell in the near future. Virtual Machines: Stop/Start Virtual Machines Similar to the Start/Stop VM capability in VS Server Explorer, you can now stop your VM and suspend billing: If you want to keep the original behavior of keeping your stopped VM provisioned, you can pass in the -StayProvisioned switch parameter. Virtual Machines: VM endpoint ACLs We’ve added and updated a bunch of cmdlets for you to configure fine-grained network ACL on your VM endpoints. You can use the following cmdlets to create ACL config and apply them to a VM endpoint: New-AzureAclConfig Get-AzureAclConfig Set-AzureAclConfig Remove-AzureAclConfig Add-AzureEndpoint -ACL Set-AzureEndpoint –ACL The following example shows how to add an ACL rule to an existing endpoint of a VM. Other improvements for Virtual Machine management includes Added -NoWinRMEndpoint parameter to New-AzureQuickVM and Add-AzureProvisioningConfig to disable Windows Remote Management Added -DirectServerReturn parameter to Add-AzureEndpoint and Set-AzureEndpoint to enable/disable direct server return Added Set-AzureLoadBalancedEndpoint cmdlet to modify load balanced endpoints Cloud Services: Remote Desktop and Diagnostics Remote Desktop and Diagnostics are popular debugging options for Cloud Services. We’ve introduced cmdlets to help you configure these two Cloud Service extensions from Windows Azure PowerShell. Windows Azure Cloud Services Remote Desktop extension: New-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtensionConfig Get-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtension Set-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtension Remove-AzureServiceRemoteDesktopExtension Windows Azure Cloud Services Diagnostics extension New-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtensionConfig Get-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtension Set-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtension Remove-AzureServiceDiagnosticsExtension The following example shows how to enable Remote Desktop for a Cloud Service. Web Sites: Diagnostics With our last SDK update, we introduced the Get-AzureWebsiteLog –Tail cmdlet to get the log streaming of your Web Sites. Recently, we’ve also added cmdlets to configure Web Site application diagnostics: Enable-AzureWebsiteApplicationDiagnostic Disable-AzureWebsiteApplicationDiagnostic The following 2 examples show how to enable application diagnostics to the file system and a Windows Azure Storage Table: SQL Database Previously, you had to know the SQL Database server admin username and password if you want to manage the database in that SQL Database server. Recently, we’ve made the experience much easier by not requiring the admin credential if the database server is in your subscription. So you can simply specify the -ServerName parameter to tell Windows Azure PowerShell which server you want to use for the following cmdlets. Get-AzureSqlDatabase New-AzureSqlDatabase Remove-AzureSqlDatabase Set-AzureSqlDatabase We’ve also added a -AllowAllAzureServices parameter to New-AzureSqlDatabaseServerFirewallRule so that you can easily add a firewall rule to whitelist all Windows Azure IP addresses. Besides the above experience improvements, we’ve also added cmdlets get the database server quota and set the database service objective. Check out the following cmdlets for details. Get-AzureSqlDatabaseServerQuota Get-AzureSqlDatabaseServiceObjective Set-AzureSqlDatabase –ServiceObjective Storage and Service Bus Other new cmdlets include Storage: CRUD cmdlets for Azure Tables and Queues Service Bus: Cmdlets for managing authorization rules on your Service Bus Namespace, Queue, Topic, Relay and NotificationHub Summary Today’s release includes a bunch of great features that enable you to build even better cloud solutions.  All the above features/enhancements are shipped and available to use immediately as part of the 2.1 release of the Windows Azure SDK for .NET. If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• OpenGL - Cascaded shadow mapping - Texture lookup

  - by Silverlan

  I'm trying to implement cascaded shadow mapping in my engine, but I'm somewhat stuck at the last step. For testing purposes I've made sure all cascades encompass my entire scene. The result is currently this: The different intensity of the cascades is not on purpose, it's actually the problem. This is how I do the texture lookup for the shadow maps inside the fragment shader: layout(std140) uniform CSM { vec4 csmFard; // far distances for each cascade mat4 csmVP[4]; // View-Projection Matrix int numCascades; // Number of cascades to use. In this example it's 4. }; uniform sampler2DArrayShadow csmTextureArray; // The 4 shadow maps in vec4 csmPos[4]; // Vertex position in shadow MVP space float GetShadowCoefficient() { int index = numCascades -1; vec4 shadowCoord; for(int i=0;i<numCascades;i++) { if(gl_FragCoord.z < csmFard[i]) { shadowCoord = csmPos[i]; index = i; break; } } shadowCoord.w = shadowCoord.z; shadowCoord.z = float(index); shadowCoord.x = shadowCoord.x *0.5f +0.5f; shadowCoord.y = shadowCoord.y *0.5f +0.5f; return shadow2DArray(csmTextureArray,shadowCoord).x; } I then use the return value and simply multiply it with the diffuse color. That explains the different intensity of the cascades, since I'm grabbing the depth value directly from the texture. I've tried to do a depth comparison instead, but with limited success: [...] // Same code as above shadowCoord.w = shadowCoord.z; shadowCoord.z = float(index); shadowCoord.x = shadowCoord.x *0.5f +0.5f; shadowCoord.y = shadowCoord.y *0.5f +0.5f; float z = shadow2DArray(csmTextureArray,shadowCoord).x; if(z < shadowCoord.w) return 0.25f; return 1.f; } While this does give me the same shadow value everywhere, it only works for the first cascade, all others are blank: (I colored the cascades because otherwise the transitions wouldn't be visible in this case) What am I missing here?

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• Voxel Face Crawling (Mesh simplification, possibly using greedy)

  - by Tim Winter

  This is in regards to a Minecraft-like terrain engine. I store blocks in chunks (16x256x16 blocks in a chunk). When I generate a chunk, I use multiple procedural techniques to set the terrain and to place objects. While generating, I keep one 1D array for the full chunk (solid or not) and a separate 1D array of solid blocks. After generation, I iterate through the solid blocks checking their neighbors so I only generate block faces that don't have solid neighbors. I store which faces to generate in their own list (that's 6 lists, one per possible face). When rendering a chunk, I render all lists in the camera's current chunk and only the lists facing the camera in all other chunks. Using a 2D atlas with this little shader trick Andrew Russell suggested, I want to merge similar faces together completely. That is, if they are in the same list (same normal), are adjacent to each other, have the same light level, etc. My assumption would be to have each of the 6 lists sorted by the axis they rest on, then by the other two axes (the list for the top of a block would be sorted by it's Y value, then X, then Z). With this alone, I could quite easily merge strips of faces, but I'm looking to merge more than just strips together when possible. I've read up on this greedy meshing algorithm, but I am having a lot of trouble understanding it. To even use it, I would think I'd need to perform a type of flood-fill per sorted list to get the groups of merge-able faces. Then, per group, perform the greedy algorithm. It all sounds awfully expensive if I would ever want dynamic terrain/lighting after initial generation. So, my question: To perform merging of faces as described (ignoring whether it's a bad idea for dynamic terrain/lighting), is there perhaps an algorithm that is simpler to implement? I would also quite happily accept an answer that walks me through the greedy algorithm in a much simpler way (a link or explanation). I don't mind a slight performance decrease if it's easier to implement or even if it's only a little better than just doing strips. I worry that most algorithms focus on triangles rather than quads and using a 2D atlas the way I am, I don't know that I could implement something triangle based with my current skills. PS: I already frustum cull per chunk and as described, I also cull faces between solid blocks. I don't occlusion cull yet and may never.

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• OpenGL - Calculating camera view matrix

  - by Karle

  Problem I am calculating the model, view and projection matrices independently to be used in my shader as follows: gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); When I try to calculate my camera's view matrix the Z axis is flipped and my camera seems like it is looking backwards. My program is written in C# using the OpenTK library. Translation (Working) I've created a test scene as follows: From my understanding of the OpenGL coordinate system they are positioned correctly. The model matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(modelPosition); Matrix4 model = translation; The view matrix is created using: Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.CreateTranslation(-cameraPosition); Matrix4 view = translation; Rotation (Not-Working) I now want to create the camera's rotation matrix. To do this I use the camera's right, up and forward vectors: // Hard coded example orientation: // Normally calculated from up and forward // Similar to look-at camera. Vector3 r = Vector.UnitX; Vector3 u = Vector3.UnitY; Vector3 f = -Vector3.UnitZ; Matrix4 rot = new Matrix4( r.X, r.Y, r.Z, 0, u.X, u.Y, u.Z, 0, f.X, f.Y, f.Z, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); This results in the following matrix being created: I know that multiplying by the identity matrix would produce no rotation. This is clearly not the identity matrix and therefore will apply some rotation. I thought that because this is aligned with the OpenGL coordinate system is should produce no rotation. Is this the wrong way to calculate the rotation matrix? I then create my view matrix as: // OpenTK is row-major so the order of operations is reversed: Matrix4 view = translation * rot; Rotation almost works now but the -Z/+Z axis has been flipped, with the green cube now appearing closer to the camera. It seems like the camera is looking backwards, especially if I move it around. My goal is to store the position and orientation of all objects (including the camera) as: Vector3 position; Vector3 up; Vector3 forward; Apologies for writing such a long question and thank you in advance. I've tried following tutorials/guides from many sites but I keep ending up with something wrong. Edit: Projection Matrix Set-up Matrix4 projection = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView( (float)(0.5 * Math.PI), (float)display.Width / display.Height, 0.1f, 1000.0f);

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• The View-Matrix and Alternative Calculations

  - by P. Avery

  I'm working on a radiosity processor in DirectX 9. The process requires that the camera be placed at the center of a mesh face and a 'screenshot' be taken facing 5 different directions...forward...up...down...left...right... ...The problem is that when the mesh face is facing up( look vector: 0, 1, 0 )...a view matrix cannot be determined using standard trigonometry functions: Matrix4 LookAt( Vector3 eye, Vector3 target, Vector3 up ) { // The "look-at" vector. Vector3 zaxis = normal(target - eye); // The "right" vector. Vector3 xaxis = normal(cross(up, zaxis)); // The "up" vector. Vector3 yaxis = cross(zaxis, xaxis); // Create a 4x4 orientation matrix from the right, up, and at vectors Matrix4 orientation = { xaxis.x, yaxis.x, zaxis.x, 0, xaxis.y, yaxis.y, zaxis.y, 0, xaxis.z, yaxis.z, zaxis.z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; // Create a 4x4 translation matrix by negating the eye position. Matrix4 translation = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -eye.x, -eye.y, -eye.z, 1 }; // Combine the orientation and translation to compute the view matrix return ( translation * orientation ); } The above function comes from http://3dgep.com/?p=1700... ...Is there a mathematical approach to this problem? Edit: A problem occurs when setting the view matrix to up or down directions, here is an example of the problem when facing down: D3DXVECTOR4 vPos( 3, 3, 3, 1 ), vEye( 1.5, 3, 3, 1 ), vLook( 0, -1, 0, 1 ), vRight( 1, 0, 0, 1 ), vUp( 0, 0, 1, 1 ); D3DXMATRIX mV, mP; D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &mP, D3DX_PI / 2, 1, 0.5f, 2000.0f ); D3DXMatrixIdentity( &mV ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._11, ( void* )&vRight, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._21, ( void* )&vUp, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._31, ( void* )&vLook, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); memcpy( ( void* )&mV._41, ( void* )&(-vEye), sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) ); D3DXVec4Transform( &vPos, &vPos, &( mV * mP ) ); Results: vPos = D3DXVECTOR3( 1.5, -6, -0.5, 0 ) - this vertex is not properly processed by shader as the homogenous w value is 0 it cannot be normalized to a position within device space...

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• Multiple render targets and gamma correctness in Direct3D9

  - by Mario

  Let's say in a deferred renderer when building your G-Buffer you're going to render texture color, normals, depth and whatever else to your multiple render targets at once. Now if you want to have a gamma-correct rendering pipeline and you use regular sRGB textures as well as rendertargets, you'll need to apply some conversions along the way, because your filtering, sampling and calculations should happen in linear space, not sRGB space. Of course, you could store linear color in your textures and rendertargets, but this might very well introduce bad precision and banding issues. Reading from sRGB textures is easy: just set SRGBTexture = true; in your texture sampler in your HLSL effect code and the hardware does the conversion sRGB-linear for you. Writing to an sRGB rendertarget is theoretically easy, too: just set SRGBWriteEnable = true; in your effect pass in HLSL and your linear colors will be converted to sRGB space automatically. But how does this work with multiple rendertargets? I only want to do these corrections to the color textures and rendertarget, not to the normals, depth, specularity or whatever else I'll be rendering to my G-Buffer. Ok, so I just don't apply SRGBTexture = true; to my non-color textures, but when using SRGBWriteEnable = true; I'll do a gamma correction to all the values I write out to my rendertargets, no matter what I actually store there. I found some info on gamma over at Microsoft: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb173460%28v=vs.85%29.aspx For hardware that supports Multiple Render Targets (Direct3D 9) or Multiple-element Textures (Direct3D 9), only the first render target or element is written. If I understand correctly, SRGBWriteEnable should only be applied to the first rendertarget, but according to my tests it doesn't and is used for all rendertargets instead. Now the only alternative seems to be to handle these corrections manually in my shader and only correct the actual color output, but I'm not totally sure, that this'll not have any negative impact on color correctness. E.g. if the GPU does any blending or filtering or multisampling after the Linear-sRGB conversion... Do I even need gamma correction in this case, if I'm just writing texture color without lighting to my rendertarget? As far as I know, I DO need it because of the texture filtering and mip sampling happening in sRGB space instead, if I don't correct for it. Anyway, it'd be interesting to hear other people's solutions or thoughts about this.

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• Car-like Physics - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering

  - by Reanimation

  As my program stands I have a cube which I can control using keyboard input. I can make it move left, right, up, down, back, fourth along the axis only. I can also rotate the cube either left or right; all the translations and rotations are implemented using glm. if (keys[VK_LEFT]) //move cube along xAxis negative { globalPos.x -= moveCube; keys[VK_RIGHT] = false; } if (keys[VK_RIGHT]) //move cube along xAxis positive { globalPos.x += moveCube; keys[VK_LEFT] = false; } if (keys[VK_UP]) //move cube along yAxis positive { globalPos.y += moveCube; keys[VK_DOWN] = false; } if (keys[VK_DOWN]) //move cube along yAxis negative { globalPos.y -= moveCube; keys[VK_UP] = false; } if (FORWARD) //W - move cube along zAxis positive { globalPos.z += moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD) //S- move cube along zAxis negative { globalPos.z -= moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT) //rotate cube left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT) //rotate cube right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } I render the cube using this function which handles the shader and position on screen: void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(myShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(myShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin,camLookingAt,camNormalXYZ); ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix,rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually rotate glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(myShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); movingCube.render(); glUseProgram(0); } The glm::lookAt function always points to the screens centre (0,0,0). The globalPos is a glm::vec3 globalPos(0,0,0); so when the program executes, renders the cube in the centre of the screens viewing matrix; the keyboard inputs above adjust the globalPos of the moving cube. The glm::rotate is the function used to rotate manually. My question is, how can I make the cube go forwards depending on what direction the cube is facing.... ie, once I've rotated the cube a few degrees using glm, the forwards direction, relative to the cube, is no longer on the z-Axis... how can I store the forwards direction and then use that to navigate forwards no matter what way it is facing? (either using vectors that can be applied to my code or some handy maths). Thanks.

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• How do I reconfigure my GLES frame buffer after a rotation?

  - by Panda Pajama

  I am implementing interface rotation for my GLES based game for iOS, written in Xamarin.iOS with OpenTK. I am detecting the rotation by overriding WillRotate, in my UIViewController, and I correctly re-setup all of my projection matrices. However, when drawing a sprite, the image looks a bit blurrier on the landscape version compared to the portrait version, as you can see in the following closeups magnified 10x. Portrait (before rotating) Landscape (after rotating) In both cases, I'm using the same texture with the same sampler, the same shader, and the same GL state. I just changed the order of the parameters in the projection matrix, so the resulting sizes should be exactly the same pixelwise. Since this could be thought of as a window resize, I suppose that the framebuffer has to be recreated to the new size. When working on desktop apps on Direct3D11 (SharpDX), I would have to call swapChain.ResizeBuffers() to do this. I have tried setting AutoResize = true in my iPhoneOSGameView, but then the framebuffer gets clipped as I rotate the interface, and then everything disappears when rotating the interface again. I'm not doing anything strange, my framebuffer initialization is pretty vanilla: int scaling = (int)UIScreen.MainScreen.Scale; DeviceWidth = (int)UIScreen.MainScreen.Bounds.Width * scaling; DeviceHeight = (int)UIScreen.MainScreen.Bounds.Height * scaling; Size = new System.Drawing.Size((int)(DeviceWidth), (int)(DeviceHeight)); Bounds = new System.Drawing.RectangleF(0, 0, DeviceWidth, DeviceHeight); Frame = new System.Drawing.RectangleF(0, 0, DeviceWidth, DeviceHeight); ContextRenderingApi = EAGLRenderingAPI.OpenGLES2; AutoResize = true; LayerRetainsBacking = true; LayerColorFormat = EAGLColorFormat.RGBA8; I get inconsistent results when changing Size, Bounds and Frame on my CreateFrameBuffer override, but since the documentation is so incomplete (it has nothing on Bounds and Frame), I have resorted to randomly changing stuff here and there without really knowing what is going on. There is a similar question which has no answers. However, I don't know if they're experiencing the same problem as I am. Is my supposition that recreating the framebuffer is necessary, correct? If so, does anybody know how to do it correctly in OpenTK for Xamarin.iOS?

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