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• Type Casting variables in PHP: Is there a practical example?

  - by Stephen

  PHP, as most of us know, has weak typing. For those who don't, PHP.net says: PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which the variable is used. Love it or hate it, PHP re-casts variables on-the-fly. So, the following code is valid: $var = "10"; $value = 10 + $var; var_dump($value); // int(20) PHP also alows you to explicitly cast a variable, like so: $var = "10"; $value = 10 + $var; $value = (string)$value; var_dump($value); // string(2) "20" That's all cool... but, for the life of me, I cannot conceive of a practical reason for doing this. I don't have a problem with strong typing in languages that support it, like Java. That's fine, and I completely understand it. Also, I'm aware of—and fully understand the usefulness of—type hinting in function parameters. The problem I have with type casting is explained by the above quote. If PHP can swap types at-will, it can do so even after you force cast a type; and it can do so on-the-fly when you need a certain type in an operation. That makes the following valid: $var = "10"; $value = (int)$var; $value = $value . ' TaDa!'; var_dump($value); // string(8) "10 TaDa!" So what's the point? Can anyone show me a practical application or example of type casting—one that would fail if type casting were not involved? I ask this here instead of SO because I figure practicality is too subjective. Edit in response to Chris' comment Take this theoretical example of a world where user-defined type casting makes sense in PHP: You force cast variable $foo as int -- (int)$foo. You attempt to store a string value in the variable $foo. PHP throws an exception!! <--- That would make sense. Suddenly the reason for user defined type casting exists! The fact that PHP will switch things around as needed makes the point of user defined type casting vague. For example, the following two code samples are equivalent: // example 1 $foo = 0; $foo = (string)$foo; $foo = '# of Reasons for the programmer to type cast $foo as a string: ' . $foo; // example 2 $foo = 0; $foo = (int)$foo; $foo = '# of Reasons for the programmer to type cast $foo as a string: ' . $foo; UPDATE Guess who found himself using typecasting in a practical environment? Yours Truly. The requirement was to display money values on a website for a restaurant menu. The design of the site required that trailing zeros be trimmed, so that the display looked something like the following: Menu Item 1 .............. $ 4 Menu Item 2 .............. $ 7.5 Menu Item 3 .............. $ 3 The best way I found to do that wast to cast the variable as a float: $price = '7.50'; // a string from the database layer. echo 'Menu Item 2 .............. $ ' . (float)$price; PHP trims the float's trailing zeros, and then recasts the float as a string for concatenation.

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• How do I implement a quaternion based camera?

  - by kudor gyozo

  I looked at several tutorials about this and when I thought I understood I tried to implement a quaternion based camera. The problem is it doesn't work correctly, after rotating for approx. 10 degrees it jumps back to -10 degrees. I have no idea what's wrong. I'm using openTK and it already has a quaternion class. I'm a noob at opengl, I'm doing this just for fun, and don't really understand quaternions, so probably I'm doing something stupid here. Here is some code: (Actually almost all the code except the methods that load and draw a vbo (it is taken from an OpenTK sample that demonstrates vbo-s)) I load a cube into a vbo and initialize the quaternion for the camera protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e) { base.OnLoad(e); cameraPos = new Vector3(0, 0, 7); cameraRot = Quaternion.FromAxisAngle(new Vector3(0,0,-1), 0); GL.ClearColor(System.Drawing.Color.MidnightBlue); GL.Enable(EnableCap.DepthTest); vbo = LoadVBO(CubeVertices, CubeElements); } I load a perspective projection here. This is loaded at the beginning and every time I resize the window. protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e) { base.OnResize(e); GL.Viewport(0, 0, Width, Height); float aspect_ratio = Width / (float)Height; Matrix4 perpective = Matrix4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, aspect_ratio, 1, 64); GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection); GL.LoadMatrix(ref perpective); } Here I get the last rotation value and create a new quaternion that represents only the last rotation and multiply it with the camera quaternion. After this I transform this into axis-angle so that opengl can use it. (This is how I understood it from several online quaternion tutorials) protected override void OnRenderFrame(FrameEventArgs e) { base.OnRenderFrame(e); GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit); double speed = 1; double rx = 0, ry = 0; if (Keyboard[Key.A]) { ry = -speed * e.Time; } if (Keyboard[Key.D]) { ry = +speed * e.Time; } if (Keyboard[Key.W]) { rx = +speed * e.Time; } if (Keyboard[Key.S]) { rx = -speed * e.Time; } Quaternion tmpQuat = Quaternion.FromAxisAngle(new Vector3(0,1,0), (float)ry); cameraRot = tmpQuat * cameraRot; cameraRot.Normalize(); GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview); GL.LoadIdentity(); Vector3 axis; float angle; cameraRot.ToAxisAngle(out axis, out angle); GL.Rotate(angle, axis); GL.Translate(-cameraPos); Draw(vbo); SwapBuffers(); } Here are 2 images to explain better: I rotate a while and from this: it jumps into this Any help is appreciated. Update1: I add these to a streamwriter that writes into a file: sw.WriteLine("camerarot: X:{0} Y:{1} Z:{2} W:{3} L:{4}", cameraRot.X, cameraRot.Y, cameraRot.Z, cameraRot.W, cameraRot.Length); sw.WriteLine("ry: {0}", ry); The log is available here: http://www.pasteall.org/26133/text. At line 770 the cube jumps from right to left, when camerarot.Y changes signs. I don't know if this is normal. Update2 Here is the complete project.

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• Doing your first mock with JustMock

  - by mehfuzh

  In this post, i will start with a  more traditional mocking example that  includes a fund transfer scenario between two different currency account using JustMock.Our target interface that we will be mocking looks similar to: public interface ICurrencyService {     float GetConversionRate(string fromCurrency, string toCurrency); } Moving forward the SUT or class that will be consuming the  service and will be invoked by user [provided that the ICurrencyService will be passed in a DI style] looks like: public class AccountService : IAccountService         {             private readonly ICurrencyService currencyService;               public AccountService(ICurrencyService currencyService)             {                 this.currencyService = currencyService;             }               #region IAccountService Members               public void TransferFunds(Account from, Account to, float amount)             {                 from.Withdraw(amount);                 float conversionRate = currencyService.GetConversionRate(from.Currency, to.Currency);                 float convertedAmount = amount * conversionRate;                 to.Deposit(convertedAmount);             }               #endregion         }   As, we can see there is a TransferFunds action implemented from IAccountService  takes in a source account from where it withdraws some money and a target account to where the transfer takes place using the provided conversion rate. Our first step is to create the mock. The syntax for creating your instance mocks is pretty much same and  is valid for all interfaces, non-sealed/sealed concrete instance classes. You can pass in additional stuffs like whether its an strict mock or not, by default all the mocks in JustMock are loose, you can use it as default valued objects or stubs as well. ICurrencyService currencyService = Mock.Create<ICurrencyService>(); Using JustMock, setting up your expectations and asserting them always goes with Mock.Arrang|Assert and this is pretty much same syntax no matter what type of mocking you are doing. Therefore,  in the above scenario we want to make sure that the conversion rate always returns 2.20F when converting from GBP to CAD. To do so we need to arrange in the following way: Mock.Arrange(() => currencyService.GetConversionRate("GBP", "CAD")).Returns(2.20f).MustBeCalled(); Here, I have additionally marked the mock call as must. That means it should be invoked anywhere in the code before we do Mock.Assert, we can also assert mocks directly though lamda expressions  but the more general Mock.Assert(mocked) will assert only the setups that are marked as "MustBeCalled()”. Now, coming back to the main topic , as we setup the mock, now its time to act on it. Therefore, first we create our account service class and create our from and to accounts respectively. var accountService = new AccountService(currencyService);   var canadianAccount = new Account(0, "CAD"); var britishAccount = new Account(0, "GBP"); Next, we add some money to the GBP  account: britishAccount.Deposit(100); Finally, we do our transfer by the following: accountService.TransferFunds(britishAccount, canadianAccount, 100); Once, everything is completed, we need to make sure that things were as it is we have expected, so its time for assertions.Here, we first do the general assertions: Assert.Equal(0, britishAccount.Balance); Assert.Equal(220, canadianAccount.Balance); Following, we do our mock assertion,  as have marked the call as “MustBeCalled” it will make sure that our mock is actually invoked. Moreover, we can add filters like how many times our expected mock call has occurred that will be covered in coming posts. Mock.Assert(currencyService); So far, that actually concludes our  first  mock with JustMock and do stay tuned for more. Enjoy!!

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• Tile engine Texture not updating when numbers in array change

  - by Corey

  I draw my map from a txt file. I am using java with slick2d library. When I print the array the number changes in the array, but the texture doesn't change. public class Tiles { public Image[] tiles = new Image[5]; public int[][] map = new int[64][64]; public Image grass, dirt, fence, mound; private SpriteSheet tileSheet; public int tileWidth = 32; public int tileHeight = 32; public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); fence = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 0); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = fence; tiles[3] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.dat")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); x = 0; for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); x++; } //System.out.println(""); y++; } in.close(); } public void update(GameContainer gc) { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int y = 0; y < map.length; y++) { for(int x = 0; x < map[0].length; x ++) { int textureIndex = map[x][y]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } } Mouse Picking Where I change the number in the array Input input = gc.getInput(); gc.getInput().setOffset(cameraX-400, cameraY-300); float mouseX = input.getMouseX(); float mouseY = input.getMouseY(); double mousetileX = Math.floor((double)mouseX/tiles.tileWidth); double mousetileY = Math.floor((double)mouseY/tiles.tileHeight); double playertileX = Math.floor(playerX/tiles.tileWidth); double playertileY = Math.floor(playerY/tiles.tileHeight); double lengthX = Math.abs((float)playertileX - mousetileX); double lengthY = Math.abs((float)playertileY - mousetileY); double distance = Math.sqrt((lengthX*lengthX)+(lengthY*lengthY)); if(input.isMousePressed(Input.MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON) && distance < 4) { System.out.println("Clicked"); if(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] == 1) { tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] = 0; } } I never ask a question until I have tried to figure it out myself. I have been stuck with this problem for two weeks. It's not like this site is made for asking questions or anything. So if you actually try to help me instead of telling me to use a debugger thank you. You either get told you have too much or too little code. Nothing is never enough for the people on here it's as bad as something like reddit. Idk what is wrong all my textures work when I render them it just doesn't update when the number in the array changes. I am obviously debugging when I say that I was printing the array and the number is changing like it should, so it's not a problem with my mouse picking code. It is a problem with my textures, but I don't know what because they all render correctly. That is why I need help.

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• GLSL subroutine not being used

  - by amoffat

  I'm using a gaussian blur fragment shader. In it, I thought it would be concise to include 2 subroutines: one for selecting the horizontal texture coordinate offsets, and another for the vertical texture coordinate offsets. This way, I just have one gaussian blur shader to manage. Here is the code for my shader. The {{NAME}} bits are template placeholders that I substitute in at shader compile time: #version 420 subroutine vec2 sample_coord_type(int i); subroutine uniform sample_coord_type sample_coord; in vec2 texcoord; out vec3 color; uniform sampler2D tex; uniform int texture_size; const float offsets[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_OFFSETS}}); const float weights[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_WEIGHTS}}); subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 vertical_coord(int i) { return vec2(0.0, offsets[i] / texture_size); } subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 horizontal_coord(int i) { //return vec2(offsets[i] / texture_size, 0.0); return vec2(0.0, 0.0); // just for testing if this subroutine gets used } void main(void) { color = vec3(0.0); for (int i=0; i<{{NUM_SAMPLES}}; i++) { color += texture(tex, texcoord + sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; color += texture(tex, texcoord - sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; } } Here is my code for selecting the subroutine: blur_program->start(); blur_program->set_subroutine("sample_coord", "vertical_coord", GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); blur_program->set_int("texture_size", width); blur_program->set_texture("tex", *deferred_output); blur_program->draw(); // draws a quad for the fragment shader to run on and: void ShaderProgram::set_subroutine(constr name, constr routine, GLenum target) { GLuint routine_index = glGetSubroutineIndex(id, target, routine.c_str()); GLuint uniform_index = glGetSubroutineUniformLocation(id, target, name.c_str()); glUniformSubroutinesuiv(target, 1, &routine_index); // debugging int num_subs; glGetActiveSubroutineUniformiv(id, target, uniform_index, GL_NUM_COMPATIBLE_SUBROUTINES, &num_subs); std::cout << uniform_index << " " << routine_index << " " << num_subs << "\n"; } I've checked for errors, and there are none. When I pass in vertical_coord as the routine to use, my scene is blurred vertically, as it should be. The routine_index variable is also 1 (which is weird, because vertical_coord subroutine is the first listed in the shader code...but no matter, maybe the compiler is switching things around) However, when I pass in horizontal_coord, my scene is STILL blurred vertically, even though the value of routine_index is 0, suggesting that a different subroutine is being used. Yet the horizontal_coord subroutine explicitly does not blur. What's more is, whichever subroutine comes first in the shader, is the subroutine that the shader uses permanently. Right now, vertical_coord comes first, so the shader blurs vertically always. If I put horizontal_coord first, the scene is unblurred, as expected, but then I cannot select the vertical_coord subroutine! :) Also, the value of num_subs is 2, suggesting that there are 2 subroutines compatible with my sample_coord subroutine uniform. Just to re-iterate, all of my return values are fine, and there are no glGetError() errors happening. Any ideas?

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• xna orbit camera troubles

  - by user17753

  I have a Model named cube to which I load in LoadContent(): cube = Content.Load<Model>("untitled");. In the Draw Method I call DrawModel: private void DrawModel(Model m, Matrix world) { foreach (ModelMesh mesh in m.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.View = camera.View; effect.Projection = camera.Projection; effect.World = world; } mesh.Draw(); } } camera is of the Camera type, a class I've setup. Right now it is instantiated in the initialization section with the graphics aspect ratio and the translation (world) vector of the model, and the Draw loop calls the camera.UpdateCamera(); before drawing the models. class Camera { #region Fields private Matrix view; // View Matrix for Camera private Matrix projection; // Projection Matrix for Camera private Vector3 position; // Position of Camera private Vector3 target; // Point camera is "aimed" at private float aspectRatio; //Aspect Ratio for projection private float speed; //Speed of camera private Vector3 camup = Vector3.Up; #endregion #region Accessors /// <summary> /// View Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix View { get { return view; } } /// <summary> /// Projection Matrix of the Camera -- Read Only /// </summary> public Matrix Projection { get { return projection; } } #endregion /// <summary> /// Creates a new Camera. /// </summary> /// <param name="AspectRatio">Aspect Ratio to use for the projection.</param> /// <param name="Position">Target coord to aim camera at.</param> public Camera(float AspectRatio, Vector3 Target) { target = Target; aspectRatio = AspectRatio; ResetCamera(); } private void Rotate(Vector3 Axis, float Amount) { position = Vector3.Transform(position - target, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(Axis, Amount)) + target; } /// <summary> /// Resets Default Values of the Camera /// </summary> private void ResetCamera() { speed = 0.05f; position = target + new Vector3(0f, 20f, 20f); projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, aspectRatio, 0.5f, 100f); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Updates the Camera. Should be first thing done in Draw loop /// </summary> public void UpdateCamera() { Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); CalculateViewMatrix(); } /// <summary> /// Calculates the View Matrix for the camera /// </summary> private void CalculateViewMatrix() { view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(position,target, camup); } I'm trying to create the camera so that it can orbit the center of the model. For a test I am calling Rotate(Vector3.Right, speed); but it rotates almost right but gets to a point where it "flips." If I rotate along a different axis Rotate(Vector3.Up, speed); everything seems OK in that direction. So I guess, can someone tell me what I'm not accounting for in the above code I wrote? Or point me to an example of an orbiting camera that can be fixed on an arbitrary point?

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• First-Time GLSL Shadow Mapping Problems

  - by Locke

  I'm working on building out a 2.5D engine and having massive problems getting my shadows working. I'm at a point where I'm VERY close. So, let's see a picture to see what I have: As you can see above, the image has lighting -- but the shadow map is displaying incorrectly. The shadow map is shown in the bottom left hand side of the screen as a normal 2D texture, so we can see what it looks like at any given time. If you notice, it appears that the shadows are generating backwards in the wrong direction -- I think. But the problem is a little more deep -- I'm just plotting the shadow onto the screen, which I know is wrong -- I'm ignoring the actual test to see if we NEED to show a shadow. The incoming parameters all appear to be correct -- so there has to be something wrong with my shader code somewhere. Here's what my code looks like: VERTEX: uniform mat4 LightModelViewProjectionMatrix; varying vec3 Normal; // The eye-space normal of the current vertex. varying vec4 LightCoordinate; // The texture coordinate of the light of the current vertex. varying vec3 LightDirection; // The eye-space direction of the light. void main() { Normal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal); LightDirection = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_LightSource[0].position.xyz); LightCoordinate = LightModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; LightCoordinate.xy = ( LightCoordinate.xy * 0.5 ) + 0.5; gl_Position = ftransform(); gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0; } FRAGMENT: uniform sampler2D DiffuseMap; uniform sampler2D ShadowMap; varying vec3 Normal; // The eye-space normal of the current vertex. varying vec4 LightCoordinate; // The texture coordinate of the light of the current vertex. varying vec3 LightDirection; // The eye-space direction of the light. void main() { vec4 Texel = texture2D(DiffuseMap, vec2(gl_TexCoord[0])); // Directional lighting //Build ambient lighting vec4 AmbientElement = gl_LightSource[0].ambient; //Build diffuse lighting float Lambert = max(dot(Normal, LightDirection), 0.0); //max(abs(dot(Normal, LightDirection)), 0.0); vec4 DiffuseElement = ( gl_LightSource[0].diffuse * Lambert ); vec4 LightingColor = ( DiffuseElement + AmbientElement ); LightingColor.r = min(LightingColor.r, 1.0); LightingColor.g = min(LightingColor.g, 1.0); LightingColor.b = min(LightingColor.b, 1.0); LightingColor.a = min(LightingColor.a, 1.0); LightingColor *= Texel; //Everything up to this point is PERFECT // Shadow mapping // ------------------------------ vec4 ShadowCoordinate = LightCoordinate / LightCoordinate.w; float DistanceFromLight = texture2D( ShadowMap, ShadowCoordinate.st ).z; float DepthBias = 0.001; float ShadowFactor = 1.0; if( LightCoordinate.w > 0.0 ) { ShadowFactor = DistanceFromLight < ( ShadowCoordinate.z + DepthBias ) ? 0.5 : 1.0; } LightingColor.rgb *= ShadowFactor; //gl_FragColor = LightingColor; //Yes, I know this is wrong, but the line above (gl_FragColor = LightingColor;) produces the wrong effect gl_FragColor = LightingColor * texture2D( ShadowMap, ShadowCoordinate.st ); } I wanted to make sure the coordinates were correct for the shadow map -- so that's why you see it applied to the image as it is below. But the depth for each point seems to be wrong -- the shadows SHOULD be opposite (look at how the image is -- the shaded areas from normal lighting are facing the opposite direction of the shadows). Maybe my matrices are bad or something going in? They're isolated and appear to be correct -- nothing else is going in unusual. When I view from the light's view and get the MVP matrices for it, they're correct. EDIT: Added an image so you can see what happens when I do the correct command at the end of the GLSL: That's the image when the last line is just glFragColor = LightingColor; Maybe someone has some idea of what I screwed up?

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• GLSL Shader Texture Performance

  - by Austin

  I currently have a project that renders OpenGL video using a vertex and fragment shader. The shaders work fine as-is, but in trying to add in texturing, I am running into performance issues and can't figure out why. Before adding texturing, my program ran just fine and loaded my CPU between 0%-4%. When adding texturing (specifically textures AND color -- noted by comment below), my CPU is 100% loaded. The only code I have added is the relevant texturing code to the shader, and the "glBindTexture()" calls to the rendering code. Here are my shaders and relevant rending code. Vertex Shader: #version 150 uniform mat4 mvMatrix; uniform mat4 mvpMatrix; uniform mat3 normalMatrix; uniform vec4 lightPosition; uniform float diffuseValue; layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertex; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; layout(location = 2) in vec3 normal; layout(location = 3) in vec2 texCoord; smooth out VertData { vec3 color; vec3 normal; vec3 toLight; float diffuseValue; vec2 texCoord; } VertOut; void main(void) { gl_Position = mvpMatrix * vec4(vertex, 1.0); VertOut.normal = normalize(normalMatrix * normal); VertOut.toLight = normalize(vec3(mvMatrix * lightPosition - gl_Position)); VertOut.color = color; VertOut.diffuseValue = diffuseValue; VertOut.texCoord = texCoord; } Fragment Shader: #version 150 smooth in VertData { vec3 color; vec3 normal; vec3 toLight; float diffuseValue; vec2 texCoord; } VertIn; uniform sampler2D tex; layout(location = 0) out vec3 colorOut; void main(void) { float diffuseComp = max( dot(normalize(VertIn.normal), normalize(VertIn.toLight)) ), 0.0); vec4 color = texture2D(tex, VertIn.texCoord); colorOut = color.rgb * diffuseComp * VertIn.diffuseValue + color.rgb * (1 - VertIn.diffuseValue); // FOLLOWING LINE CAUSES PERFORMANCE ISSUES colorOut *= VertIn.color; } Relevant Rendering Code: // 3 textures have been successfully pre-loaded, and can be used // texture[0] is a 1x1 white texture to effectively turn off texturing glUseProgram(program); // Draw squares glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 6*4); // Draw triangles glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3*4); // Draw reference planes glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 4*81*2); // Draw terrain glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]); // Set attributes, uniforms, etc glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 501*501*6); // Release glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); glUseProgram(0); Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• Java - Tile engine changing number in array not changing texture

  - by Corey

  I draw my map from a txt file. Would I have to write to the text file to notice the changes I made? Right now it changes the number in the array but the tile texture doesn't change. Do I have to do more than just change the number in the array? public class Tiles { public Image[] tiles = new Image[5]; public int[][] map = new int[64][64]; private Image grass, dirt, fence, mound; private SpriteSheet tileSheet; public int tileWidth = 32; public int tileHeight = 32; Player player = new Player(); public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); fence = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 0); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = fence; tiles[3] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.dat")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); y=y+1; } //System.out.println(""); x=x+1; y = 0; } in.close(); } public void update(GameContainer gc) { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int x = 0; x < map.length; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < map.length; y ++) { int textureIndex = map[y][x]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } Mouse picking public void checkDistance(GameContainer gc) { Input input = gc.getInput(); float mouseX = input.getMouseX(); float mouseY = input.getMouseY(); double mousetileX = Math.floor((double)mouseX/tiles.tileWidth); double mousetileY = Math.floor((double)mouseY/tiles.tileHeight); double playertileX = Math.floor(playerX/tiles.tileWidth); double playertileY = Math.floor(playerY/tiles.tileHeight); double lengthX = Math.abs((float)playertileX - mousetileX); double lengthY = Math.abs((float)playertileY - mousetileY); double distance = Math.sqrt((lengthX*lengthX)+(lengthY*lengthY)); if(input.isMousePressed(Input.MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON) && distance < 4) { System.out.println("Clicked"); if(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] == 1) { tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] = 0; } } System.out.println(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY]); }

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• Drawing texture does not work anymore with a small amount of triangles

  - by Paul

  When i draw lines, the vertices are well connected. But when i draw the texture inside the triangles, it only works with i<4 in the for loop, otherwise with i<5 for example, there is a EXC_BAD_ACCESS message, at @synthesize textureImage = _textureImage. I don't understand why. (The generatePolygons method seems to work fine as i tried to draw lines with many vertices as in the second image below. And textureImage remains the same for i<4 or i<5 : it's a 512px square image). Here are the images : What i want to achieve is to put the red points and connect them to the y-axis (the green points) and color the area (the green triangles) : If i only draw lines, it works fine : Then with a texture color, it works for i<4 in the loop (the red points in my first image, plus the fifth one to connect the last y) : But then, if i set i<5, the debug tool says EXC_BAD_ACCESS at the synthesize of _textureImage. Here is my code : I set a texture color in HelloWordLayer.mm with : CCSprite *textureImage = [self spriteWithColor:color3 textureSize:512]; _terrain.textureImage = textureImage; Then in the class Terrain, i create the vertices and put the texture in the draw method : @implementation Terrain @synthesize textureImage = _textureImage; //EXC_BAD_ACCESS for i<5 - (void)generatePath2{ CGSize winSize = [CCDirector sharedDirector].winSize; float x = 40; float y = 0; for(int i = 0; i < kMaxKeyPoints+1; ++i) { _hillKeyPoints[i] = CGPointMake(x, y); x = 150 + (random() % (int) 30); y += 30; } } -(void)generatePolygons{ _nPolyVertices = 0; float x1 = 0; float y1 = 0; int keyPoints = 0; for (int i=0; i<4; i++){ /* HERE : 4 = OK / 5 = crash */ //V0: at (0,0) _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices] = CGPointMake(x1, y1); _polyTexCoords[_nPolyVertices++] = CGPointMake(x1, y1); //V1: to the first "point" _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices] = CGPointMake(_hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].x, _hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].y); _polyTexCoords[_nPolyVertices++] = CGPointMake(_hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].x, _hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].y); keyPoints++; //from point at index 0 to 1 //V2, same y as point n°2: _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices] = CGPointMake(0, _hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].y); _polyTexCoords[_nPolyVertices++] = CGPointMake(0, _hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].y); //V1 again _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices] = _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices-2]; _polyTexCoords[_nPolyVertices++] = _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices-2]; //V2 again _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices] = _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices-2]; _polyTexCoords[_nPolyVertices++] = _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices-2]; //V3 = same x,y as point at index 1 _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices] = CGPointMake(_hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].x, _hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].y); _polyTexCoords[_nPolyVertices] = CGPointMake(_hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].x, _hillKeyPoints[keyPoints].y); y1 = _polyVertices[_nPolyVertices].y; _nPolyVertices++; } } - (id)init { if ((self = [super init])) { [self generatePath2]; [self generatePolygons]; } return self; } - (void) draw { //glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDisableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, _textureImage.texture.name); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, _polyVertices); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, _polyTexCoords); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, (GLsizei)_nPolyVertices); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1); for(int i = 1; i < 40; ++i) { ccDrawLine(_polyVertices[i-1], _polyVertices[i]); } // restore default GL states glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } Do you see anything wrong in this code? Thanks for your help

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• Converting a GameObject method call from UnityScript to C#

  - by Crims0n_

  Here is the UnityScript implementation of the method i use to generate a randomly tiled background, the problem i'm having relates to how to translate the call to the newTile method in c#, so far i've had no luck fiddling... can anyone point me in the correct direction? Thanks #pragma strict import System.Collections.Generic; var mapSizeX : int; var mapSizeY : int; var xOffset : float; var yOffset : float; var tilePrefab : GameObject; var tilePrefab2 : GameObject; var tiles : List.<Transform> = new List.<Transform>(); function Start () { var i : int = 0; var xIndex : int = 0; var yIndex : int = 0; xOffset = 2.69; yOffset = -1.97; while(yIndex < mapSizeY){ xIndex = 0; while(xIndex < mapSizeX){ var z = Random.Range(0, 5); if (z > 2) { var newTile : GameObject = Instantiate (tilePrefab, Vector3(xIndex*0.64 - (xOffset * (mapSizeX/10)), yIndex*-0.64 - (yOffset * (mapSizeY/10)), 0), Quaternion.identity); tiles.Add(newTile.transform); newTile.transform.parent = transform; newTile.transform.name = "tile_"+i; i++; xIndex++; } if (z < 2) { var newTile2 : GameObject = Instantiate (tilePrefab2, Vector3(xIndex*0.64 - (xOffset * (mapSizeX/10)), yIndex*-0.64 - (yOffset * (mapSizeY/10)), 0), Quaternion.identity); tiles.Add(newTile2.transform); newTile2.transform.parent = transform; newTile2.transform.name = "Ztile_"+i; i++; xIndex++; } } yIndex++; } } C# Version [Fixed] using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class LevelGen : MonoBehaviour { public int mapSizeX; public int mapSizeY; public float xOffset; public float yOffset; public GameObject tilePrefab; public GameObject tilePrefab2; int i; public System.Collections.Generic.List<Transform> tiles = new System.Collections.Generic.List<Transform>(); // Use this for initialization void Start () { int i = 0; int xIndex = 0; int yIndex = 0; xOffset = 1.58f; yOffset = -1.156f; while (yIndex < mapSizeY) { xIndex = 0; while(xIndex < mapSizeX) { int z = Random.Range(0, 5); if (z > 5) { GameObject newTile = (GameObject)Instantiate(tilePrefab, new Vector3(xIndex*0.64f - (xOffset * (mapSizeX/10.0f)), yIndex*-0.64f - (yOffset * (mapSizeY/10.0f)), 0), Quaternion.identity); tiles.Add(newTile.transform); newTile.transform.parent = transform; newTile.transform.name = "tile_"+i; i++; xIndex++; } if (z < 5) { GameObject newTile2 = (GameObject)Instantiate(tilePrefab, new Vector3(xIndex*0.64f - (xOffset * (mapSizeX/10.0f)), yIndex*-0.64f - (yOffset * (mapSizeY/10.0f)), 0), Quaternion.identity); tiles.Add(newTile2.transform); newTile2.transform.parent = transform; newTile2.transform.name = "tile2_"+i; i++; xIndex++; } } yIndex++; } } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { } }

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• Arcball Problems with UDK

  - by opdude

  I'm trying to re-create an arcball example from a Nehe, where an object can be rotated in a more realistic way while floating in the air (in my game the object is attached to the player at a distance like for example the Physics Gun) however I'm having trouble getting this to work with UDK. I have created an LGArcBall which follows the example from Nehe and I've compared outputs from this with the example code. I think where my problem lies is what I do to the Quaternion that is returned from the LGArcBall. Currently I am taking the returned Quaternion converting it to a rotation matrix. Getting the product of the last rotation (set when the object is first clicked) and then returning that into a Rotator and setting that to the objects rotation. If you could point me in the right direction that would be great, my code can be found below. class LGArcBall extends Object; var Quat StartRotation; var Vector StartVector; var float AdjustWidth, AdjustHeight, Epsilon; function SetBounds(float NewWidth, float NewHeight) { AdjustWidth = 1.0f / ((NewWidth - 1.0f) * 0.5f); AdjustHeight = 1.0f / ((NewHeight - 1.0f) * 0.5f); } function StartDrag(Vector2D startPoint, Quat rotation) { StartVector = MapToSphere(startPoint); } function Quat Update(Vector2D currentPoint) { local Vector currentVector, perp; local Quat newRot; //Map the new point to the sphere currentVector = MapToSphere(currentPoint); //Compute the vector perpendicular to the start and current perp = startVector cross currentVector; //Make sure our length is larger than Epsilon if (VSize(perp) > Epsilon) { //Return the perpendicular vector as the transform newRot.X = perp.X; newRot.Y = perp.Y; newRot.Z = perp.Z; //In the quaternion values, w is cosine (theta / 2), where //theta is the rotation angle newRot.W = startVector dot currentVector; } else { //The two vectors coincide, so return an identity transform newRot.X = 0.0f; newRot.Y = 0.0f; newRot.Z = 0.0f; newRot.W = 0.0f; } return newRot; } function Vector MapToSphere(Vector2D point) { local float x, y, length, norm; local Vector result; //Transform the mouse coords to [-1..1] //and inverse the Y coord x = (point.X * AdjustWidth) - 1.0f; y = 1.0f - (point.Y * AdjustHeight); length = (x * x) + (y * y); //If the point is mapped outside of the sphere //( length > radius squared) if (length > 1.0f) { norm = 1.0f / Sqrt(length); //Return the "normalized" vector, a point on the sphere result.X = x * norm; result.Y = y * norm; result.Z = 0.0f; } else //It's inside of the sphere { //Return a vector to the point mapped inside the sphere //sqrt(radius squared - length) result.X = x; result.Y = y; result.Z = Sqrt(1.0f - length); } return result; } DefaultProperties { Epsilon = 0.000001f } I'm then attempting to rotate that object when the mouse is dragged, with the following update code in my PlayerController. //Get Mouse Position MousePosition.X = LGMouseInterfacePlayerInput(PlayerInput).MousePosition.X; MousePosition.Y = LGMouseInterfacePlayerInput(PlayerInput).MousePosition.Y; newQuat = ArcBall.Update(MousePosition); rotMatrix = MakeRotationMatrix(QuatToRotator(newQuat)); rotMatrix = rotMatrix * LastRot; LGMoveableActor(movingPawn.CurrentUseableObject).SetPhysics(EPhysics.PHYS_Rotating); LGMoveableActor(movingPawn.CurrentUseableObject).SetRotation(MatrixGetRotator(rotMatrix));

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• Issues glVertexAttribPointer last 2 parameters?

  - by NoobScratcher

  Introduction Hello I will start out by explaining my setup, showing samples as I go along explaining the situation. I'm using these tools: OpenGL 3.3 GLSL 330 C++ Problem The problem is when I render the wavefront obj 3d model it gives a very weird visual glitch the model was supposed to be a square but instead its a triangluated mess with parts of the vertexes pointing in a stretched direction in massive amounts towards the bottom left side of the frustum.... Explanation: I'm using std::vectors to store my wavefront .obj model data using sscanf to get the floating point values into the structure members x,y,z and store them into the Points structure variable p; int index = IndexAssigner(1, 1); ifstream file (list[index].c_str() ); points.push_back(Point()); Point p; int face[4]; while (!file.eof() ) { char modelbuffer[10000]; file.getline(modelbuffer, 10000); switch(modelbuffer[0]) { case 'v' : sscanf(modelbuffer, "v %f %f %f", &p.x, &p.y, &p.z); points.push_back(p); break; case 'f': sscanf(modelbuffer, "f %d %d %d %d", face, face+1, face+2, face+3 ); faces.push_back(face[0]); faces.push_back(face[1]); faces.push_back(face[2]); faces.push_back(face[3]); } //Turn on FileReader aka "RENDER CODE" FileReader = true; } then I render the Points vector using the .data() member of std::vectors to the frustum. Other declarations: int numfloats = 4; float* point=reinterpret_cast<float*>(&points[0]); int num_bytes=numfloats*sizeof(float); Vector declarations: struct Point {float x, y , z; }; std::vector<int>faces; std::vector<Point>points; Render code: glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); glGenTextures(1, &ModelTexture); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, ModelTexture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,GL_RGBA, ModelSurface->w, ModelSurface->h, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ModelSurface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(points), points.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,num_bytes ,points.data()); glEnableVertexAttribArray(3); //Translation Process GLfloat TranslationMatrix[] = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; //Send Translation Matrix up to the vertex shader glUniformMatrix4fv(translation, 1, TRUE, TranslationMatrix); glDrawElements( GL_QUADS, faces.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces.data()); I tried looking at what was causing this and went through every function every parameter ,etc looked at the man pages. Then found out that it could be my glVertexAttribPointer. Here are the man pages for glVertexAttribPointer http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glVertexAttribPointer.xml The last 2 parameters is my problem How do I write those 2 last parameters do I try putting the data from Points into it?. glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE,num_bytes ,points.data()); How does it work with vectors? Is it fast?* if you can not be bothered too look at the man pages here is the scripts coming from the man pages directly. Stride Specifies the byte offset between consecutive generic vertex attributes. If stride is 0, the generic vertex attributes are understood to be tightly packed in the array. The initial value is 0. Pointer Specifies a pointer to the first component of the first generic vertex attribute in the array. The initial value is 0. If you want my full source - http://ideone.com/fPfkg Thanks Again if you do read this.

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• Multithreading 2D gravity calculations

  - by Postman

  I'm building a space exploration game and I've currently started working on gravity ( In C# with XNA). The gravity still needs tweaking, but before I can do that, I need to address some performance issues with my physics calculations. This is using 100 objects, normally rendering 1000 of them with no physics calculations gets well over 300 FPS (which is my FPS cap), but any more than 10 or so objects brings the game (and the single thread it runs on) to its knees when doing physics calculations. I checked my thread usage and the first thread was killing itself from all the work, so I figured I just needed to do the physics calculation on another thread. However when I try to run the Gravity.cs class's Update method on another thread, even if Gravity's Update method has nothing in it, the game is still down to 2 FPS. Gravity.cs public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in entityEngine.Entities) { Vector2 Force = new Vector2(); foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e2 in entityEngine.Entities) { if (e2.Key != e.Key) { float distance = Vector2.Distance(entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position, entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Position); if (distance > (entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Texture.Width / 2 + entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Texture.Width / 2)) { double angle = Math.Atan2(entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Position.Y - entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position.Y, entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Position.X - entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position.X); float mult = 0.1f * (entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Mass * entityEngine.Entities[e2.Key].Mass) / distance * distance; Vector2 VecForce = new Vector2((float)Math.Cos(angle), (float)Math.Sin(angle)); VecForce.Normalize(); Force = Vector2.Add(Force, VecForce * mult); } } } entityEngine.Entities[e.Key].Position += Force; } } Yeah, I know. It's a nested foreach loop, but I don't know how else to do the gravity calculation, and this seems to work, it's just so intensive that it needs its own thread. (Even if someone knows a super efficient way to do these calculations, I'd still like to know how I COULD do it on multiple threads instead) EntityEngine.cs (manages an instance of Gravity.cs) public class EntityEngine { public Dictionary<string, Entity> Entities = new Dictionary<string, Entity>(); public Gravity gravity; private Thread T; public EntityEngine() { gravity = new Gravity(this); } public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in Entities) { Entities[e.Key].Update(); } T = new Thread(new ThreadStart(gravity.Update)); T.IsBackground = true; T.Start(); } } EntityEngine is created in Game1.cs, and its Update() method is called within Game1.cs. I need my physics calculation in Gravity.cs to run every time the game updates, in a separate thread so that the calculation doesn't slow the game down to horribly low (0-2) FPS. How would I go about making this threading work? (any suggestions for an improved Planetary Gravity system are welcome if anyone has them) I'm also not looking for a lesson in why I shouldn't use threading or the dangers of using it incorrectly, I'm looking for a straight answer on how to do it. I've already spent an hour googling this very question with little results that I understood or were helpful. I don't mean to come off rude, but it always seems hard as a programming noob to get a straight meaningful answer, I usually rather get an answer so complex I'd easily be able to solve my issue if I understood it, or someone saying why I shouldn't do what I want to do and offering no alternatives (that are helpful). Thank you for the help!

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• Why is this beat detection code failing to register some beats properly?

  - by Quincy

  I made this SoundAnalyzer class to detect beats in songs: class SoundAnalyzer { public SoundBuffer soundData; public Sound sound; public List<double> beatMarkers = new List<double>(); public SoundAnalyzer(string path) { soundData = new SoundBuffer(path); sound = new Sound(soundData); } // C = threshold, N = size of history buffer / 1024 B = bands public void PlaceBeatMarkers(float C, int N, int B) { List<double>[] instantEnergyList = new List<double>[B]; GetEnergyList(B, ref instantEnergyList); for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { PlaceMarkers(instantEnergyList[i], N, C); } beatMarkers.Sort(); } private short[] getRange(int begin, int end, short[] array) { short[] result = new short[end - begin]; for (int i = 0; i < end - begin; i++) { result[i] = array[begin + i]; } return result; } // get a array of with a list of energy for each band private void GetEnergyList(int B, ref List<double>[] instantEnergyList) { for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { instantEnergyList[i] = new List<double>(); } short[] samples = soundData.Samples; float timePerSample = 1 / (float)soundData.SampleRate; int sampleIndex = 0; int nextSamples = 1024; int samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; // for the whole song while (sampleIndex + nextSamples < samples.Length) { complex[] FFT = FastFourier.Calculate(getRange(sampleIndex, nextSamples + sampleIndex, samples)); // foreach band for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { double energy = 0; for (int j = 0; j < samplesPerBand; j++) energy += FFT[i * samplesPerBand + j].GetMagnitude(); energy /= samplesPerBand; instantEnergyList[i].Add(energy); } if (sampleIndex + nextSamples >= samples.Length) nextSamples = samples.Length - sampleIndex - 1; sampleIndex += nextSamples; samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; } } // place the actual markers private void PlaceMarkers(List<double> instantEnergyList, int N, float C) { double timePerSample = 1 / (double)soundData.SampleRate; int index = N; int numInBuffer = index; double historyBuffer = 0; //Fill the history buffer with n * instant energy for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[i]; } // If instantEnergy / samples in buffer < instantEnergy for the next sample then add beatmarker. while (index + 1 < instantEnergyList.Count) { if(instantEnergyList[index + 1] > (historyBuffer / numInBuffer) * C) beatMarkers.Add((index + 1) * 1024 * timePerSample); historyBuffer -= instantEnergyList[index - numInBuffer]; historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[index + 1]; index++; } } } For some reason it's only detecting beats from 637 sec to around 641 sec, and I have no idea why. I know the beats are being inserted from multiple bands since I am finding duplicates, and it seems that it's assigning a beat to each instant energy value in between those values. It's modeled after this: http://www.flipcode.com/misc/BeatDetectionAlgorithms.pdf So why won't the beats register properly?

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• Internet Explorer 8 Standards Mode Results In Broken Blank Page

  - by Agent_9191

  I'm running into a weird issue that I'm struggling to figure out what's causing the page to break. I have an internal website that's still under development (thus no link to the page) that works great in Firefox and Internet Explorer 8 in IE 7 Standards mode. But when I force it to IE 8 Standards mode the page will only display the title text in the browser tab and an otherwise completely blank page. It seems so broken that the blank page doesn't even have a context menu. The page generally looks like this: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta content="IE=8" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" /> <title>Page Title</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/Images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link href="/Style/main.less" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> ... </body> </html> You may notice the .less extension for the stylesheet. This is an ASP.NET MVC application and I'm making use of DotLess. I have the HttpHandler hooked up for it in the web.config. Of course there's some additional info on the page, but (in theory) it shouldn't be causing this issue. I've run the CSS and the HTML through the W3C validators and both have come back as completely valid. I'm trying the arduous task of removing/re-adding elements until it displays, but any insight into what could cause this would help. EDIT: it appears to be something related to the DotLess stylesheet. The resulting CSS is valid according to the W3C CSS validator. EDIT 2: Digging further, and making use of IE's Developer Tools to control the styles, it appears that IE is reading a single statement twice even though it only occurs once in the output. Here's the output of the Less file: a, abbr, acronym, address, applet, b, big, caption, center, cite, code, dd, dfn, div, dl, dt, em, fieldset, font, form, html, i, iframe, img, kbd, label, legend, li, object, pre, s, samp, small, span, strike, strong, sub, sup, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, tr, tt, u, var { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; } blockquote, q { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; quotes: none; } body { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1; width: 100%; background: #efebde; min-width: 600px; } del { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration: line-through; } h1 { border: 0; outline: 0; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-size: 2em; margin: .8em 0 .2em 0; padding: 0; } h2 { border: 0; outline: 0; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-size: 1.8em; margin: .8em 0 .2em 0; padding: 0; } h3 { border: 0; outline: 0; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-size: 1.6em; margin: .8em 0 .2em 0; padding: 0; } h4 { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-size: 1.4em; } h5 { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-size: 1.2em; } h6 { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-size: 1em; } ins { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration: none; } ol, ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; list-style: none; } p { border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; margin: .4em 0 .8em 0; padding: 0; } table { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: none; } :focus { outline: 0; } .bold { font-weight: bold; } .systemFont { font-family: Arial; } .labelled { font-style: italic; } .groovedBorder { border-color: #adaa9c; border-style: groove; border-width: medium; } #header, #footer { clear: both; float: left; width: 100%; } #header p, #header h1, #header h2 { padding: .4em 15px 0 15px; margin: 0; } #header ul { clear: left; float: left; width: 100%; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding: 0; } #header ul li { display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #header ul li a { background: #eeeeee; display: block; float: left; left: 15px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0 0 0 1px; padding: 3px 10px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; } #header ul li a span { display: block; } #header ul li a:hover { background: #336699; } #header ul li a.active, #header ul li a.active:hover { background: black; font-weight: bold; } #header #logindisplay { float: right; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; } #title h1 { font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-size: 175%; text-align: center; margin-top: 1%; } .col1 { font-family: Arial; border-color: #adaa9c; border-style: groove; border-width: medium; min-height: 350px; float: left; overflow: hidden; position: relative; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; } .col1 div.logo { text-align: center; } .col3 { font-family: Arial; border-color: #adaa9c; border-style: groove; border-width: medium; float: left; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } #layoutdims { clear: both; background: #eeeeee; margin: 0; padding: 6px 15px !important; text-align: right; } #company { padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px; margin: 0; } #company span { display: block; padding-left: 1em; } #version { padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 1em; text-align: center; } #menu li { padding: 6px; border-color: #adaa9c; border-style: groove; border-width: medium; min-width: 108px; } #menu li a.ciApp { text-decoration: none; font-size: 112.5%; font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial; color: black; } #menu li a.ciApp span { vertical-align: top; } .welcomemessage { font-size: 60.95%; } .newFeatures { overflow-y: scroll; max-height: 300px; } #newsfeed div .newsLabel { color: red; font-size: 60.95%; font-style: italic; } /************************************************************************************** This statement appears twice in Developer Tools. Disabling one disables both. Disabling it also causes the page to render. Turning it on and the page disappears again **************************************************************************************/ #newsfeed div .newFeatures { margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 60.95%; } /************************************************************************************** **************************************************************************************/ .colmask { clear: both; float: left; position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .colright, .colmid, .colleft { float: left; position: relative; width: 100%; } .col2 { float: left; overflow: hidden; position: relative; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; } .threecol .colmid { right: 33%; } .threecol .colleft { right: 34%; } .threecol .col1 { width: 33%; left: 100%; } .threecol .col2 { width: 32%; left: 34%; } .threecol .col3 { width: 32%; left: 68.5%; } Notice the #newsfeed div .newFeatures identifier near the end. I don't know what's causing that as it's only appearing once in the output stream. Here's an image of it too: EDIT 3: It appears that even though it duplicates that particular selector, if I change the font-size to a whole number like 61% instead of the current 60.95% (that specific to defaultly match the existing desktop app as closely as possible) it works fine. So something specific to IE duplicating that selector block and the font-size being a percentage specific to two decimal places appears to kill IE8 Standards mode completely.

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• URGENT: IE 6/7/8 problem!- Right Column is not aligned and is pushed down.

  - by Kalpesh Vasta

  Hi Guys, I'm new to this but here goes. I have been developing this website http://www.panelmaster.co.uk and i have managed to solve the majority of design problems but one! If you take a look at the site in IE the right column seems to drop down and is not aligned with the right and centre column. This problem only occurs in IE as upon testing i found it was fine in firefox and safari. I have provided below the CSS for the website. I would appreciate if you guys can help me with the problem asap. Thanks in advance. :) ========================== body { margin: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #666; background-image: url(images/templatemo_body_top.jpg); background-color: #90857c; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: top; text-align: left; } a:link, a:visited { color: #073475; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; } a:active, a:hover { color: #073475; text-decoration: underline; } h3 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h2 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h1 { color: #696969; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; } p { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } img { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; } .cleaner { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 0px; font-size: 0px; } .cleaner_h30 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 30px; } .cleaner_h40 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 40px; } .float_l { float: left; } .float_r { float: right; } .margin_r20 { margin-right: 20px; } templatemo_body_wrapper { width: 100%; background: url(images/templatemo_body_bottom.png) repeat-x bottom center; } templatemo_wrapper { width: 970px; padding: 0 10px; margin: 0 auto; background: url(images/templatemo_wrapper_top.jpg) no-repeat top center; } /* header */ templatemo_header { clear: both; width: 890px; height: 60px; padding: 20px 40px } templatemo_header #site_title { float: left; padding-top: 15px; } site_title a { font-size: 24px; color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } site_title a:hover { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } site_title a span { display: block; margin-top: 5px; font-size: 14px; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2px; } /* end of header */ /* menu */ templatemo_menu { clear: both; width: 970px; height: 80px; background: url(images/templatemo_menubar.png) no-repeat; } search_box { width: 990px; height: 35px; text-align: right; } search_box form { margin: 0; padding: 5px 40px; } search_box #input_field { height: 20px; width: 300px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } search_box #submit_btn { height: 24px; width: 100px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; color:#666666; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } templatemo_menu ul { width: 890px; height: 35px; margin: 0; padding: 7px 40px; list-style: none; } templatemo_menu ul li { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; } templatemo_menu ul li a { float: left; display: block; margin-right: 40px; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; font-weight: normal; outline: none; } templatemo_menu ul li a:hover, #templatemo_menu ul .current { color: #162127; } /* end of menu */ /* contetnt */ templatemo_content_wrapper { clear: both; padding: 0px 0; } templatemo_content { float: left; margin-left: 10px; width: 550px; } banner { margin: 0 0 10px 0; } templatemo_content #content_top { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_top.png) no-repeat; } templatemo_content #content_bottom { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_bottom.png) no-repeat; } templatemo_content #content_middle { width: 510px; padding: 5px 20px 0px 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_middle.png) repeat-y; } content_middle p { text-align: justify; } .templatemo_sidebar_wrapper { width: 200px; } .templatemo_sidebar { width: 197px; padding-right: 3px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_middle.png) repeat-y; } .templatemo_sidebar_top { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_top.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar_bottom { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_bottom.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar .sidebar_box { clear: both; padding-bottom: 20px; } .sidebar_box1 { padding: 15px; } .sidebar_box h2 { color: #2d84ad; font-size: 16px; padding-left: 25px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_h1.jpg) left center no-repeat; } .sidebar_box .sidebar_box_content { padding: 15px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_box_top.png) top repeat-x; } .sidebar_box img { border: 1px solid #999; margin-bottom: 5px; } .sidebar_box .discount { margin: 5px 0 0 0; font-weight: bold; } .sidebar_box .discount span { color: #C00; } .left_sidebar_box .discount a { font-weight: bold; color: #000; } .sidebar_box .categories_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .categories_list li { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .categories_list li a { display: block; color: #201f1c; padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; background: url(images/list.png) center left no-repeat; } .categories_list li a:hover { color: #439ac3; text-decoration: none; } .news_box { clear: both; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #999; } .news_box h4 { padding: 2px 0; margin: 0; } .news_box h4 a { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; color: #1893f2; } newsletter_box label { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } newsletter_box .input_field { height: 20px; width: 155px; padding: 0 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; } newsletter_box .submit_btn { float: right; height: 30px; width: 80px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 0 15px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; } .product_box { float: left; width: 223px; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #CCC; text-align: center; } .product_box img { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box h3 { color: #2a2522; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 10px; } .product_box p { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box p span { color: #cf5902; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; } .product_box .detail { float: right; } .product_box .addtocard { float: left; font-weight: bold; padding-right: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_shopping_cart.png) bottom right no-repeat; } /* end of content */ /* footer */ templatemo_footer_wrapper { background: url(images/templatemo_footer.png) repeat-x; } templatemo_footer { width: 910px; height: 85px; padding: 50px 40px 30px 40px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; color: #a9a098; } templatemo_footer a { color: #d7d1cc; font-weight: normal; } templatemo_footer a:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FFFF33; } templatemo_footer .footer_menu { margin: 0 0 30px 0; padding: 0px; list-style: none; } .footer_menu li { margin: 0px; padding: 0 20px; display: inline; border-right: 1px solid #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu li a { color: #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu .last_menu { border: none; } /* end of footer */ /twitter/ twitter_div {border-top: 0px;} twitter_div a {color: #0000ff !important;} twitter_update_list {margin-left: -1em !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;} twitter_update_list li {list-style-type: none; padding-right: 5px; } twitter_update_list li a {color: #0000ff; padding-right: 5px;} twitter_div {border-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top:6px; padding-right: 5px;} twitter_div a, #twitter_update_list li a {text-decoration: none !important;} twitter_div a:hover, #twitter_update_list li a:hover {text-decoration:underline !important;}

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• Right Hand Column Does Not Align Properly in IE6/7/8

  - by Kalpesh Vasta

  Hi Guys, I'm new to this but here goes. I have been developing this website http://www.panelmaster.co.uk and i have managed to solve the majority of design problems but one! If you take a look at the site in IE the right column seems to drop down and is not aligned with the right and centre column. This problem only occurs in IE as upon testing i found it was fine in firefox and safari. I have provided below the CSS for the website. I would appreciate if you guys can help me with the problem. Thanks in advance. :) ========================== body { margin: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #666; background-image: url(images/templatemo_body_top.jpg); background-color: #90857c; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: top; text-align: left; } a:link, a:visited { color: #073475; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; } a:active, a:hover { color: #073475; text-decoration: underline; } h3 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h2 { color: #1e7da9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } h1 { color: #696969; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; } p { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } img { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; } .cleaner { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 0px; font-size: 0px; } .cleaner_h30 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 30px; } .cleaner_h40 { clear: both; width:100%; height: 40px; } .float_l { float: left; } .float_r { float: right; } .margin_r20 { margin-right: 20px; } #templatemo_body_wrapper { width: 100%; background: url(images/templatemo_body_bottom.png) repeat-x bottom center; } #templatemo_wrapper { width: 970px; padding: 0 10px; margin: 0 auto; background: url(images/templatemo_wrapper_top.jpg) no-repeat top center; } /* header */ #templatemo_header { clear: both; width: 890px; height: 60px; padding: 20px 40px } #templatemo_header #site_title { float: left; padding-top: 15px; } #site_title a { font-size: 24px; color: #FFFFFF; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } #site_title a:hover { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } #site_title a span { display: block; margin-top: 5px; font-size: 14px; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2px; } /* end of header */ /* menu */ #templatemo_menu { clear: both; width: 970px; height: 80px; background: url(images/templatemo_menubar.png) no-repeat; } #search_box { width: 990px; height: 35px; text-align: right; } #search_box form { margin: 0; padding: 5px 40px; } #search_box #input_field { height: 20px; width: 300px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } #search_box #submit_btn { height: 24px; width: 100px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; color:#666666; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; background: #FFFFFF; } #templatemo_menu ul { width: 890px; height: 35px; margin: 0; padding: 7px 40px; list-style: none; } #templatemo_menu ul li { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; } #templatemo_menu ul li a { float: left; display: block; margin-right: 40px; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; font-weight: normal; outline: none; } #templatemo_menu ul li a:hover, #templatemo_menu ul .current { color: #162127; } /* end of menu */ /* contetnt */ #templatemo_content_wrapper { clear: both; padding: 0px 0; } #templatemo_content { float: left; margin-left: 10px; width: 550px; } #banner { margin: 0 0 10px 0; } #templatemo_content #content_top { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_top.png) no-repeat; } #templatemo_content #content_bottom { width: 550px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_bottom.png) no-repeat; } #templatemo_content #content_middle { width: 510px; padding: 5px 20px 0px 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_content_middle.png) repeat-y; } #content_middle p { text-align: justify; } .templatemo_sidebar_wrapper { width: 200px; } .templatemo_sidebar { width: 197px; padding-right: 3px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_middle.png) repeat-y; } .templatemo_sidebar_top { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_top.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar_bottom { width: 200px; height: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_bottom.png) no-repeat; } .templatemo_sidebar .sidebar_box { clear: both; padding-bottom: 20px; } .sidebar_box1 { padding: 15px; } .sidebar_box h2 { color: #2d84ad; font-size: 16px; padding-left: 25px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_h1.jpg) left center no-repeat; } .sidebar_box .sidebar_box_content { padding: 15px; background: url(images/templatemo_sidebar_box_top.png) top repeat-x; } .sidebar_box img { border: 1px solid #999; margin-bottom: 5px; } .sidebar_box .discount { margin: 5px 0 0 0; font-weight: bold; } .sidebar_box .discount span { color: #C00; } .left_sidebar_box .discount a { font-weight: bold; color: #000; } .sidebar_box .categories_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .categories_list li { padding: 0; margin: 0; } .categories_list li a { display: block; color: #201f1c; padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; background: url(images/list.png) center left no-repeat; } .categories_list li a:hover { color: #439ac3; text-decoration: none; } .news_box { clear: both; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #999; } .news_box h4 { padding: 2px 0; margin: 0; } .news_box h4 a { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; color: #1893f2; } #newsletter_box label { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } #newsletter_box .input_field { height: 20px; width: 155px; padding: 0 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; } #newsletter_box .submit_btn { float: right; height: 30px; width: 80px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 0 15px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: pre; outline: none; } .product_box { float: left; width: 223px; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #CCC; text-align: center; } .product_box img { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box h3 { color: #2a2522; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 10px; } .product_box p { margin-bottom: 10px; } .product_box p span { color: #cf5902; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; } .product_box .detail { float: right; } .product_box .addtocard { float: left; font-weight: bold; padding-right: 20px; background: url(images/templatemo_shopping_cart.png) bottom right no-repeat; } /* end of content */ /* footer */ #templatemo_footer_wrapper { background: url(images/templatemo_footer.png) repeat-x; } #templatemo_footer { width: 910px; height: 85px; padding: 50px 40px 30px 40px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; color: #a9a098; } #templatemo_footer a { color: #d7d1cc; font-weight: normal; } #templatemo_footer a:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FFFF33; } #templatemo_footer .footer_menu { margin: 0 0 30px 0; padding: 0px; list-style: none; } .footer_menu li { margin: 0px; padding: 0 20px; display: inline; border-right: 1px solid #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu li a { color: #d7d1cc; } .footer_menu .last_menu { border: none; } /* end of footer */ /*twitter*/ #twitter_div {border-top: 0px;} #twitter_div a {color: #0000ff !important;} #twitter_update_list {margin-left: -1em !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;} #twitter_update_list li {list-style-type: none; padding-right: 5px; } #twitter_update_list li a {color: #0000ff; padding-right: 5px;} #twitter_div {border-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top:6px; padding-right: 5px;} #twitter_div a, #twitter_update_list li a {text-decoration: none !important;} #twitter_div a:hover, #twitter_update_list li a:hover {text-decoration:underline !important;}

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• Texture will not apply to my 3d Cube directX

  - by numerical25

  I am trying to apply a texture onto my 3d cube but it is not showing up correctly. I believe that it might some what be working because the cube is all brown which is almost the same complexion as the texture. And I did not originally make the cube brown. These are the steps I've done to add the texture I first declared 2 new varibles ID3D10EffectShaderResourceVariable* pTextureSR; ID3D10ShaderResourceView* textureSRV; I also added a variable and a struct to my shader .fx file Texture2D tex2D; SamplerState linearSampler { Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR; AddressU = Wrap; AddressV = Wrap; }; I then grabbed the image from my local hard drive from within the .cpp file. I believe this was successful, I checked all varibles for errors, everything has a memory address. Plus I pulled resources before and never had a problem. D3DX10CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(mpD3DDevice,L"crate.jpg",NULL,NULL,&textureSRV,NULL); I grabbed the tex2d varible from my fx file and placed into my resource varible pTextureSR = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("tex2D")->AsShaderResource(); And added the resource to the varible pTextureSR->SetResource(textureSRV); I also added the extra property to my vertex layout D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0 , 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 12, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"NORMAL",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 24, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"TEXCOORD",0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0 , 36, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; as well as my struct struct VertexPos { D3DXVECTOR3 pos; D3DXVECTOR4 color; D3DXVECTOR3 normal; D3DXVECTOR2 texCoord; }; Then I created a new pixel shader that adds the texture to it. Below is the code in its entirety matrix Projection; matrix WorldMatrix; Texture2D tex2D; float3 lightSource; float4 lightColor = {0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5}; // PS_INPUT - input variables to the pixel shader // This struct is created and fill in by the // vertex shader struct PS_INPUT { float4 Pos : SV_POSITION; float4 Color : COLOR0; float4 Normal : NORMAL; float2 Tex : TEXCOORD; }; SamplerState linearSampler { Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR; AddressU = Wrap; AddressV = Wrap; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vertex Shader - Main Function /////////////////////////////////////////////// PS_INPUT VS(float4 Pos : POSITION, float4 Color : COLOR, float4 Normal : NORMAL, float2 Tex : TEXCOORD) { PS_INPUT psInput; // Pass through both the position and the color psInput.Pos = mul( Pos, Projection ); psInput.Normal = Normal; psInput.Tex = Tex; return psInput; } /////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pixel Shader /////////////////////////////////////////////// float4 PS(PS_INPUT psInput) : SV_Target { float4 finalColor = 0; finalColor = saturate(dot(lightSource, psInput.Normal) * lightColor); return finalColor; } float4 textured( PS_INPUT psInput ) : SV_Target { return tex2D.Sample( linearSampler, psInput.Tex ); } // Define the technique technique10 Render { pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_4_0, VS() ) ); SetGeometryShader( NULL ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_4_0, textured() ) ); } } Below is my CPU code. It maybe a little sloppy. But I am just adding code anywhere cause I am just experimenting and playing around. You should find most of the texture code at the bottom createObject #include "MyGame.h" #include "OneColorCube.h" /* This code sets a projection and shows a turning cube. What has been added is the project, rotation and a rasterizer to change the rasterization of the cube. The issue that was going on was something with the effect file which was causing the vertices not to be rendered correctly.*/ typedef struct { ID3D10Effect* pEffect; ID3D10EffectTechnique* pTechnique; //vertex information ID3D10Buffer* pVertexBuffer; ID3D10Buffer* pIndicesBuffer; ID3D10InputLayout* pVertexLayout; UINT numVertices; UINT numIndices; }ModelObject; ModelObject modelObject; // World Matrix D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix; // View Matrix D3DXMATRIX ViewMatrix; // Projection Matrix D3DXMATRIX ProjectionMatrix; ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* pProjectionMatrixVariable = NULL; ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* pWorldMatrixVarible = NULL; ID3D10EffectVectorVariable* pLightVarible = NULL; ID3D10EffectShaderResourceVariable* pTextureSR; bool MyGame::InitDirect3D() { if(!DX3dApp::InitDirect3D()) { return false; } D3D10_RASTERIZER_DESC rastDesc; rastDesc.FillMode = D3D10_FILL_WIREFRAME; rastDesc.CullMode = D3D10_CULL_FRONT; rastDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true; rastDesc.DepthBias = false; rastDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0; rastDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0; rastDesc.DepthClipEnable = false; rastDesc.ScissorEnable = false; rastDesc.MultisampleEnable = false; rastDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false; ID3D10RasterizerState *g_pRasterizerState; mpD3DDevice->CreateRasterizerState(&rastDesc, &g_pRasterizerState); //mpD3DDevice->RSSetState(g_pRasterizerState); // Set up the World Matrix D3DXMatrixIdentity(&WorldMatrix); D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&ViewMatrix, new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 10.0f, -20.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); // Set up the projection matrix D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&ProjectionMatrix, (float)D3DX_PI * 0.5f, (float)mWidth/(float)mHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); if(!CreateObject()) { return false; } return true; } //These are actions that take place after the clearing of the buffer and before the present void MyGame::GameDraw() { static float rotationAngleY = 15.0f; static float rotationAngleX = 0.0f; static D3DXMATRIX rotationXMatrix; static D3DXMATRIX rotationYMatrix; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&rotationXMatrix); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&rotationYMatrix); // create the rotation matrix using the rotation angle D3DXMatrixRotationY(&rotationYMatrix, rotationAngleY); D3DXMatrixRotationX(&rotationXMatrix, rotationAngleX); rotationAngleY += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.0008f; rotationAngleX += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.0005f; WorldMatrix = rotationYMatrix * rotationXMatrix; // Set the input layout mpD3DDevice->IASetInputLayout(modelObject.pVertexLayout); pWorldMatrixVarible->SetMatrix((float*)&WorldMatrix); // Set vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof(VertexPos); UINT offset = 0; mpD3DDevice->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); // Set primitive topology mpD3DDevice->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); //ViewMatrix._43 += 0.005f; // Combine and send the final matrix to the shader D3DXMATRIX finalMatrix = (WorldMatrix * ViewMatrix * ProjectionMatrix); pProjectionMatrixVariable->SetMatrix((float*)&finalMatrix); // make sure modelObject is valid // Render a model object D3D10_TECHNIQUE_DESC techniqueDescription; modelObject.pTechnique->GetDesc(&techniqueDescription); // Loop through the technique passes for(UINT p=0; p < techniqueDescription.Passes; ++p) { modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0); // draw the cube using all 36 vertices and 12 triangles mpD3DDevice->Draw(36,0); } } //Render actually incapsulates Gamedraw, so you can call data before you actually clear the buffer or after you //present data void MyGame::Render() { DX3dApp::Render(); } bool MyGame::CreateObject() { //Create Layout D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0 , 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 12, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"NORMAL",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 24, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"TEXCOORD",0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0 , 36, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; UINT numElements = (sizeof(layout)/sizeof(layout[0])); modelObject.numVertices = sizeof(vertices)/sizeof(VertexPos); for(int i = 0; i < modelObject.numVertices; i += 3) { D3DXVECTOR3 out; D3DXVECTOR3 v1 = vertices[0 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 v2 = vertices[1 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 v3 = vertices[2 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 u = v2 - v1; D3DXVECTOR3 v = v3 - v1; D3DXVec3Cross(&out, &u, &v); D3DXVec3Normalize(&out, &out); vertices[0 + i].normal = out; vertices[1 + i].normal = out; vertices[2 + i].normal = out; } //Create buffer desc D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc; bufferDesc.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT; bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(VertexPos) * modelObject.numVertices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; bufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA initData; initData.pSysMem = vertices; //Create the buffer HRESULT hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; /* //Create indices DWORD indices[] = { 0,1,3, 1,2,3 }; ModelObject.numIndices = sizeof(indices)/sizeof(DWORD); bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * ModelObject.numIndices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; initData.pSysMem = indices; hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &ModelObject.pIndicesBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false;*/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //Set up fx files LPCWSTR effectFilename = L"effect.fx"; modelObject.pEffect = NULL; hr = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile(effectFilename, NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0, mpD3DDevice, NULL, NULL, &modelObject.pEffect, NULL, NULL); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; pProjectionMatrixVariable = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("Projection")->AsMatrix(); pWorldMatrixVarible = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("WorldMatrix")->AsMatrix(); pTextureSR = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("tex2D")->AsShaderResource(); ID3D10ShaderResourceView* textureSRV; D3DX10CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile(mpD3DDevice,L"crate.jpg",NULL,NULL,&textureSRV,NULL); pLightVarible = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("lightSource")->AsVector(); //Dont sweat the technique. Get it! LPCSTR effectTechniqueName = "Render"; D3DXVECTOR3 vLight(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); pLightVarible->SetFloatVector(vLight); modelObject.pTechnique = modelObject.pEffect->GetTechniqueByName(effectTechniqueName); if(modelObject.pTechnique == NULL) return false; pTextureSR->SetResource(textureSRV); //Create Vertex layout D3D10_PASS_DESC passDesc; modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc); hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, passDesc.pIAInputSignature, passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &modelObject.pVertexLayout); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; return true; } And here is my cube coordinates. I actually only added coordinates to one side. And that is the front side. To double check I flipped the cube in all directions just to make sure i didnt accidentally place the text on the incorrect side //Create vectors and put in vertices // Create vertex buffer VertexPos vertices[] = { // BACK SIDES { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(1.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,1.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, // 2 FRONT SIDE { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(2.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,2.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,2.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f) , D3DXVECTOR2(2.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(2.0,2.0)}, // 3 { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, // 4 { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, // 5 { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, { D3DXVECTOR3(5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.0f,1.0f,0.5f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, // 6 {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, 5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, -5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, {D3DXVECTOR3(-5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f), D3DXVECTOR4(0.5f,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f), D3DXVECTOR2(0.0,0.0)}, };

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• Context migration in CUDA.NET

  - by Vyacheslav

  I'm currently using CUDA.NET library by GASS. I need to initialize cuda arrays (actually cublas vectors, but it doesn't matters) in one CPU thread and use them in other CPU thread. But CUDA context which holding all initialized arrays and loaded functions, can be attached to only one CPU thread. There is mechanism called context migration API to detach context from one thread and attach it to another. But i don't how to properly use it in CUDA.NET. I tried something like this: class Program { private static float[] vector1, vector2; private static CUDA cuda; private static CUBLAS cublas; private static CUdeviceptr ptr; static void Main(string[] args) { cuda = new CUDA(false); cublas = new CUBLAS(cuda); cuda.Init(); cuda.CreateContext(0); AllocateVectors(); cuda.DetachContext(); CUcontext context = cuda.PopCurrentContext(); GetVectorFromDeviceAsync(context); } private static void AllocateVectors() { vector1 = new float[]{1f, 2f, 3f, 4f, 5f}; ptr = cublas.Allocate(vector1.Length, sizeof (float)); cublas.SetVector(vector1, ptr); vector2 = new float[5]; } private static void GetVectorFromDevice(object objContext) { CUcontext localContext = (CUcontext) objContext; cuda.PushCurrentContext(localContext); cuda.AttachContext(localContext); //change vector somehow vector1[0] = -1; //copy changed vector to device cublas.SetVector(vector1, ptr); cublas.GetVector(ptr, vector2); CUDADriver.cuCtxPopCurrent(ref localContext); } private static void GetVectorFromDeviceAsync(CUcontext cUcontext) { Thread thread = new Thread(GetVectorFromDevice); thread.IsBackground = false; thread.Start(cUcontext); } } But execution fails on attempt to copy changed vector to device because context is not attached? Any ideas how i can get it work?

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• iPad: Move UIView with animation, then move it back

  - by Joel

  I have the following code in a UIView subclass that will move it off the screen with an animation: float currentX = xposition; //variables that store where the UIView is located float currentY = yposition; float targetX = -5.0f - self.width; float targetY = -5.0f - self.height; moveX = targetX - currentX; //stored as an instance variable so I can hang on to it and move it back moveY = targetY - currentY; [UIView beginAnimations:@"UIBase Hide" context:nil]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:duration]; self.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(moveX,moveY); [UIView commitAnimations]; It works just great. I've changed targetX/Y to 0 to see if it does indeed move to the specified point, and it does. The problem is when I try and move the view back to where it was originally: moveX = -moveX; moveY = -moveY; [UIView beginAnimations:@"UIBase Show" context:nil]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:duration]; self.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(moveX,moveY); [UIView commitAnimations]; This puts the UIView about 3x as far as it should. So the view usually gets put off the right side of the screen (depending on where it is). Is there something with the CGAffineTransforMakeTranslation function that I should know? I read the documentation, and from what I can tell, it should be doing what I'm expecting it to do. Anyone have a suggestion of how to fix this? Thanks.

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• Horizontal menu vertical padding on anchor tag doesn't take affect

  - by Levi

  I am wondering why in the following example the top and bottom padding has no affect on the anchor tag while the left and right does? <ul id="nav"> <li><a href="#">One</a></li> <li><a href="#">Two</a></li> <li><a href="#">Three</a></li> <li><a href="#">Four</a></li> <li><a href="#">Five</a></li> </ul> #nav{ list-style:none; } #nav li{ border:1px solid #666; display:inline; /*If you do it this way you need to set the top and bottom padding to be the same here as under #nav li a padding:8px 0; */ } #nav li a{ padding:8px 16px; } Example: Link So my main question is, why does the top and bottom padding not have an effect on the list items while the left and right do? I did try this out with a float instead of a display:inline on the list item and it worked as I expected it to. So I guess if I had a secondary question it would be what is the difference between a float:left; and a display:inline? I was reading the float spec and it sounds like a float is still a box online inline so somewhat like inline-block? I appreciate any input, this isn't really something I need to know to finish a project or anything, but I would like to know why. Thanks Levi

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• flexible length struct array inside another struct using C

  - by renz

  Hi I am trying to use C to implement a simple struct: 2 boxes, each contains different number of particles; the exact number of particles are passed in main(). I wrote the following code: typedef struct Particle{ float x; float y; float vx; float vy; }Particle; typedef struct Box{ Particle p[]; }Box; void make_box(Box *box, int number_of_particles); int main(){ Box b1, b2; make_box(&b1, 5); //create a box containing 5 particles make_box(&b2, 10); //create a box containing 10 particles } I've tried to implement make_box with the following code void make_box(struct Box *box, int no_of_particles){ Particle po[no_of_particles]; po[0].x = 1; po[1].x = 2; //so on and so forth... box->p = po; } It's always giving me "invalid use of flexible array member". Greatly appreciated if someone can shed some light on this.

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• CSS Div Width Problem - Lining divs... widths seem to be off in IE7

  - by jlrolin

  So far, I'm doing this programmatically using VB.net/ASP.net: 'Create Container Div Dim ContainerDiv As New HtmlGenericControl("div") ContainerDiv.Style("width") = "100%" ContainerDiv.Style("clear") = "both" ContainerDiv.Style("text-align") = "left" ContainerDiv.Style("margin") = "0" 'Create Expand/Collapse Image Dim img As New Image img.ImageUrl = Page.ResolveUrl("~/images/minus99.jpg") img.Attributes.Add("onclick", "change(this.parent);") 'Create Company Display Dim lbl As New Label lbl.Text = Parsetext(pc.NAME) lbl.Font.Bold = True lbl.Style("font-size") = "16px" Dim NameDiv As New HtmlGenericControl("div") 'NameDiv.Style("background-color") = "#F0D3D3" NameDiv.Style("width") = "375px" NameDiv.Style("float") = "left" NameDiv.Style("margin") = "0" NameDiv.Style("display") = "block" NameDiv.Controls.Add(img) NameDiv.Controls.Add(lbl) ContainerDiv.Controls.Add(NameDiv) Dim SetupDiv As New HtmlGenericControl("div") SetupDiv.Style("background-color") = "#F0D3D3" SetupDiv.Style("width") = "210px" SetupDiv.Style("float") = "left" SetupDiv.Style("margin") = "0" SetupDiv.Style("display") = "block" 'SetupDiv.Style("position") = "fixed" ContainerDiv.Controls.Add(SetupDiv) Dim UsedDiv As New HtmlGenericControl("div") UsedDiv.Style("background-color") = "#CFF5CE" UsedDiv.Style("width") = "140px" UsedDiv.Style("float") = "left" UsedDiv.Style("margin") = "0" UsedDiv.Style("display") = "block" 'UsedDiv.Style("position") = "fixed" ContainerDiv.Controls.Add(UsedDiv) Dim RemDiv As New HtmlGenericControl("div") RemDiv.Style("background-color") = "#BEE0F7" 'RemDiv.Style("position") = "absolute" RemDiv.Style("width") = "210px" RemDiv.Style("float") = "right" RemDiv.Style("padding") = "0" RemDiv.Style("margin") = "0" RemDiv.Style("display") = "block" 'RemDiv.Style("position") = "fixed" ContainerDiv.Controls.Add(RemDiv) This should give me four DIVS inside a container DIV. Here's what it's coming out as: The correct blocks above the non-inline blocks are from a table with the same exact widths as the ones I'm using on the Divs. There isn't any CSS adding pixels to them, I don't think. I need to line these up, and I can't figure out where my problem is here. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Python: combining making two scripts into one

  - by Alex

  I have two separately made python scripts one that makes a sine wave sound based off time, and another that produces a sine wave graph that is based off the same time factors. I need help combining them into one running file. Here's the first: from struct import pack from math import sin, pi import time def au_file(name, freq, freq1, dur, vol): fout = open(name, 'wb') # header needs size, encoding=2, sampling_rate=8000, channel=1 fout.write('.snd' + pack('>5L', 24, 8*dur, 2, 8000, 1)) factor = 2 * pi * freq/8000 factor1 = 2 * pi * freq1/8000 # write data for seg in range(8 * dur): # sine wave calculations sin_seg = sin(seg * factor) + sin(seg * factor1) fout.write(pack('b', vol * 64 * sin_seg)) fout.close() t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis * 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim * 100 if __name__ == '__main__': au_file(name='timeSound.au', freq=tim, freq1=tis, dur=1000, vol=1.0) import os os.startfile('timeSound.au') and the second is this: from Tkinter import * import math import time t = time.strftime("%S", time.localtime()) ti = time.strftime("%M", time.localtime()) tis = float(t) tis = tis / 100 tim = float(ti) tim = tim / 100 root = Tk() root.title("This very moment") width = 400 height = 300 center = height//2 x_increment = 1 # width stretch x_factor1 = tis x_factor2 = tim # height stretch y_amplitude = 50 c = Canvas(width=width, height=height, bg='black') c.pack() str1 = "sin(x)=white" c.create_text(10, 20, anchor=SW, text=str1) center_line = c.create_line(0, center, width, center, fill='red') # create the coordinate list for the sin() curve, have to be integers xy1 = [] xy2 = [] for x in range(400): # x coordinates xy1.append(x * x_increment) xy2.append(x * x_increment) # y coordinates xy1.append(int(math.sin(x * x_factor1) * y_amplitude) + center) xy2.append(int(math.sin(x * x_factor2) * y_amplitude) + center) sinS_line = c.create_line(xy1, fill='white') sinM_line = c.create_line(xy2, fill='yellow') root.mainloop()

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